选用英语倒装（精选8篇）
篇1：选用英语倒装
什么时候倒装以及怎样倒装
1、here，there等地点和方向副词位于句首，用全部倒装，目的是强调状语
Here comes a bus.
来了一辆公共汽车。
正常语序：A bus comes here.
There goes the last train.
最后一班火车开走了。
正常语序：The last train goes there.
解释一下：倒装主要为了强调，强调的内容放在句首，比如强调 here 放到句首，这时就必须用倒装句，把谓语 comes 提到主语前面。像 Here a bus comes. 这种表达是错误的。
这种情况下用全部倒装，就是把所有谓语部分都移动到主语前面，谓语是comes，移动到主语前面，注意这句话的句子成分，bus 是名词，作主语，comes是(不及物)动词，作谓语，这句话没有宾语，here是副词，作状语。
类似还有back, down,off, up, in, out 等表示运动方向的副词：
Up went the rocket into the air.
火箭升上天空。
正常语序：The rocket went up into the air.
Out rushed a young lady.
一个年轻女士冲了出来。
正常语序：A young lady rushed out.
当我们表达给别人东西或确定人的位置的时候也用倒装(全部倒装)，这种倒装常常在 be 动词之后。
Here’s a cup of tea for you.
给你一杯茶。
There’s Kate.
凯特在那儿。
还有一条例外规则：当主语是代词的时候不用倒装。
He comes here. 他来了。(正常语序)
强调状语here的时候，here提到句首，而主语和谓语位置不发生变化：
Here he comes.
而不是：
Here comes he.
Here you are.
给你。
而不是：
Here are you.
2、介词短语充当的地点状语后的倒装：
此时依然用全部倒装，谓语动词一般是表示位置的动词如：lie, live, sit, stand 等或转移动词如 come, go, rise 等。
At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.
那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。
正常语序：The tiny chapel stood at the top of the hill.
On the ground lay some books.
地板上散落着一些书籍。
正常语序：Some books lay on the ground.
3、非谓语动词短语作表语时的(全部)倒装：
Standing beside the table was his wife.
站在桌子旁的是他的妻子。
正常语序：His wife was standing beside the table.
现在分词短语作表语。
To be carefully considered are the following questions.
需要好好考虑的是下面的问题。
正常语序：The following questions are to be carefully considered.
动词不定式短语作表语。
Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
一个古老的村庄被埋葬在这一片沙土之中。
正常语序：An ancient village was buried in the sands.
过去分词短语作表语。
以上三种情况都是全部倒装，下面的情况都用部分倒装，我们用的序号重新开始排列。
1、否定副词等之后的倒装：
这些副词如 seldom,hardly, never, rarely, little, not … until 等等位于句首：
Seldom does he go out for dinner.
他很少出去吃饭。
正常语序：He seldom goes out for dinner.
部分倒装时，谓语go并没有提到主语he之前，而是在主语前增加了一个助动词does，也就是说：部分倒装没有把实义动词提到主语前面。
Hardly does he have time to listen to the music.
她几乎没有时间听音乐。
正常语序：She hardly has time to listen to the music.
Not until the rain stopped could he start his work.
雨停之后他才能开始工作。
正常语序：He couldn’t start his work until the rain stopped.
这句话是谓语由情态动词和实义动词共同构成的，部分倒装只需要把情态动词提前，而实义动词还在原来的位置。
2、only + 状语位于句首时的倒装：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到自己错了。
正常语序：He realized that he was wrong only then.
上面是only + 副词的例句
Only in this way are you able to do it well.
你只有用这种方式你才能把这件事做好。
正常语序：You are able to do it well only in this way.
上面是only + 介词短语的例句
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.
只有他到家的时候，他才能发现发生了什么。
正常语序：He realized what had happened only when he returned home.
上面是only + 从句的例句
3、so + adj./adv. 位于句首时的倒装：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
天太冷了，我们不得不呆在家里。
正常语序：The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home.
上面是so + adj.的例句
So fast does light travel that we can hardly image its speed.
光速太快了，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。
正常语序：Light travels so fast that we can hardly image its speed.
上面是so + adv.的例句
4、not only … but also的倒装：
Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water.
他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。
正常语序：They need not only clothing but they also short of water.
5、关于简化的倒装：
You are young and so am I.
你年轻，我也是(年轻)。
正常句子：You are young and I am young too.
用so来代替前面提到的形容词，起到简化句子的作用。
She likes sports and so do I.
她喜欢运动，我也是(喜欢运动)。
正常句子：She likes sports and I like sports too.
用助动词do来代替前面提到的动词like，同时省略掉名词 sports，避免行文重复。
She can swim and so can I.
她会游泳，我也是(会游泳)。
正常句子：She can swim and I can swim too.
上面的句子是情态动词和实义动词一起作谓语的例子，如果有情态动词，则用情态动词，而不用实义动词，下面的表达是错误的：
She can swim and so swim I.
另一种关于简化的倒装是虚拟语气的倒装，详见订阅号下面菜单【往期目录】中查找，相对简单，恕不赘述!
以上罗列了很多倒装句的情况，我觉得下面的总结是最重要的：
1、所谓“没有买卖就没有杀戮”，我们可以借用这句话：没有强调就没有倒装，虽然这么讲并不全面，简单的理解更有助于我们看清本质。
2、我们叙述的时候大多都可以用正常语序来陈述，也就是不倒装。如果要强调，就把强调的内容移动到句首，然后就全部倒装或部分倒装构成倒装句，把强调的内容放在句首之后，如果不用倒装就是错误的句子。
3、有些倒装句已经变成了一种固定表达法，可以不用考虑倒装句的问题，比如 there be句型，还有给谁东西 here you are 等等。
4、像 so do I 这样的简化或替换的情况也该用倒装，因为如果不倒装的话，行文重复太多。在不太影响我们对句子理解的基础上，任何语言都希望尽量简化。
篇2：选用英语倒装
here 和 there 之后以及诸如 back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如 come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如：
Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train!
有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时)
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
下雨了，伞都撑了起来。
当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)。如：
Here’s a cup of tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(给东西)
Here’s your letters. 这儿有你的信。(给与或指明)
There’s (重读) Johnny smith. 约翰尼・史密斯在那儿。(确定位置)
主语如是代词则不倒装。如：
Here it comes. 它来了。
There she goes. 她走了。
Up it went. 它上去了。
Here you are. 给你。
篇3：浅析语序倒装在英语语法中的应用
语序 (Word Order) 就是一个句子里各种成分的排列顺序, 成分的顺序排列往往表示成分之间的关系。一般情况是主语在前, 谓语在后, 补语、宾语或状语位于谓语动词之后, 这种语序成为自然语序 (Natural Order) 或正常语序 (Normal Order) 。如果谓语动词在前, 主语位于谓语动词之后, 称为语序倒装 (Inverted Order) 。
二、语序倒装在英语语法中的应用
语序倒装的语义功能可以被认为是倒装的主要原因, 但是其原因是多种多样的。如果一个句子出于语法上的需要, 而把正常或自然的语序改为倒装语序, 我们把这种情况称为语法倒装。
1. 疑问句多数都是倒装语序。
How have you been getting along?你们相处得怎么样?
Has she left her telephone number with you?她给你留下电话号码没有?
下面两种问句中用正常语序:
(1) 以疑问词为主语或以疑问词修饰主语的特殊问句用正常语序。
Who invented the new machine?这个新机器是谁发明的?
Which group won the red banner?哪个小组赢得了红旗?
(2) 陈述式疑问句用正常语序
You are his teacher?你是他的老师?
You have no objection?你不反对?
2. 在某些惊叹句中, 偶尔也用倒装语序。
Isn’t it wonderful!这多好呀!
Have you ever seen any one like him!你们见过像他这样的人吗!
How great was my disappointment!我是多么失望啊!
3. 由引导词there引起的句子。
There was nobody in the room.屋里没有人。
Is there going to be a film tonight?今晚有电影吗?
4. 在here或now开头, 动词很短的句子中用倒装语序。
Now comes your turn.现在该你了。
Here is your dictionary.这是你的词典。
【注意】如果句中的主语是代词, 一般用正常语序。
Here he comes.他来了。
Here it is.这就是你要的东西。
5. 由then引导, 谓语为come (follow) 的句子用倒装语序。
There came a new difficulty.然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗日战争。
6. so作“也”讲时, 它引导的句子用倒装语序。
You must send him a present.So must I.你必须送他一件礼物。我也必须送。
He went to the cinema last night.So did I.他昨天晚上去看电影了。我也去了。
【注意】如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 也用正常语序。
“It was cold yesterday.”“So it was!”“昨晚天气很冷。”“是很冷!”
The performance is simply marvellous.So it is!这场演出简直好极了。真是好极了!
7. 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人 (或东西) 的句子 (否定句) 中用倒装语序。
The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.第一个不好, 第二个也不好。
If you won’t go, neither shall I.如果你愿去, 我也不去。
He was not an artist, nor was his brother.他不是艺术家, 他兄弟也不是。
8. 省略了if的虚拟条件从句中用倒装语序。
Were there no steel, there would be no modern industry.没有钢就不会有现代工业。
Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.万一有人找我, 让他在这里等我。
9. 在直接引语中间或后面有表示“某人说”含义的插入语情况下, 用倒装语序。
“You all made great progress last term.”said the teacher.老实说:“你们上学期都取得了很大的进步。”
“They must be in the fields now.”thought Xiao Ming.“他们准时下地去了。”小明想道。
【注意】如果谓语较长, 仍用正常语序。
“Our team leader is a model worker.”Xiao Li told me in a whisper.“我们的队长是位先进工作者。”小李低声对我说。
1 0. 某些表示祝愿的句子用倒装语序。
Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!世界人民大团结万岁!
May you all be happy!祝你们大家愉快!
篇4：英语“倒装”的9种表现形式
英语中常见的倒装句有下列一些情况:
1.在疑问句中:
(1)Are you a student?
(2)How can we grow rice in areas where there islittle water?
2.在there be结构中:
(1)There is a table and two chairs in the room.(There are two chairs and a table in the room.)
(2)There will be a basketball match this afternoon.
3.在以here,there或out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以示强调。
(1)Here comes the bus.
(2)In came the teacher.
(3)Out rushed the children.
(4)There goes the bell.
(5)Away went the boy.
但主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语的语序不变。
(1)Here it is.
(2)Here you are.
(3)Away he went.
4.Only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时:
(1)Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
(2)Only in this way can you learn your lessons well.
(3)Only when the war was over did he know his son had given his life to the country.
注意:only修饰主语时不倒装。
Only he knows the fact.
5.含有否定意义的副词或连词,如hardly,never,not,not only,little,seldom,at no time等放在句首时:
(1)Never shall I forget what you have done for me.
(2)Hardly had he got on the train when it began to move.
(3)Not only does she sing well, but also she dances well.
(4)Seldom did he go out.
(5)Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
6.把副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的肯定的情况也适用于另一个人(或物)。其句型是so+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语。
(1)She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.
(2)You have passed the exam. So have I.
(3)He can speak Russian very well. So can I.
(4)He likes volleyball very much. So do I.
(5)We went to see the film last Sunday. So did they.
(6)If you go there tomorrow, so will I.
7.把neither,nor放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人(或物)时,要倒装。其句型是neither(nor)+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语。
(1)He doesnt like shopping. Neither do I.
(2)He cant speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.
(3)Im not a teacher. Neither(nor)is he.
(4)I have never been abroad. Neither (nor) has he.
8.为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时:
(1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
(2)East of the town lies a beautiful lake.
(3)Under the tree sits a boy.
9.在so...that结构中,so置于句首时,要用倒装结构。
(1)So long are his arms that he can reach the ceiling.
(2)So moved was he that he couldn't say a word.
(3)So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
篇5：英语语法倒装结构
never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。如：
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
2.以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
3.以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。如：
So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
4.以下列副词开头的句子，句子的主谓要全部倒装
(1)出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词：out, down, in, up, away, on。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
(2)出于习惯用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。如：
Now is your turn. There goes the bell.
5.让步从句的倒装
(1)as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
(2)出现在句型be+主语+其他, come what may中。如：
Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge―be it scientific or artistic.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. Come what may, I’ll be on your side.
6.比较从句的倒装
as, than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构(不倒装也可以)。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。如：
篇6：英语倒装句用法小结
一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。
一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train!/ There goes the bell!注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes./ Here it is.2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：Up went the rocket./Up it went.3.介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2.if 从句中如有 were(had , should), if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面
如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him
3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：(1)副词置于句首
Much as I like it(=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.(2)动词置于句首
Wait as you may(= Although you may wait), he will not see you.(3).形容词或名词置于句首
Proud as the nobles are(=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is(=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is(=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装
(not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly(scarcely), no sooner, not once, at no time,...)Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the important of English./ Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only 修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无须倒装
Only socialism can save China.(only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)
6.not only...but also...引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构
Many a time has John given me good advice./ Often have we made that test.8.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!
9.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so„that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒装）
10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。
倒装句的用法.在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副词开头的句子里，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。
Out rushed the boys./Then followed three days of heavy rain.若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes./ Here it is..当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。South of the city lies a big steel factory..以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子，要用“部分倒装”语序(倒装 的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似，这类常见词有
never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until(引导从句时，主句“部分倒装”)，little , rarely , no sooner...than , hardly...when , scarcely...when。例:Never shall I do this again.其中 no sooner...than , hardly...when , scarcely...when 表示“一„„就„„”的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒装”形式的过去完成 时，than,when引出的从句用过去时
篇7：英语六级语法之主谓倒装
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知，玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。) 去年秋天，这儿几乎没下一滴雨。
3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。例如：
Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。
4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：
Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。
Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租车过来了。
Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。
Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。
5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时，句子一般要全部倒装。这类子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：
Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了“爱司”。
Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。
Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.
突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。
6) 其他情况还有：省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句，等等也要用倒装句式。例如：(省略了if的虚拟条件句)
Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。
Should he come, say “Nobody in” to him.
万一他来了,对他说：“公司没人。”(某些表示祝愿的句子)
May our friendship last forever.愿我们的友谊常存!
May your company become prosperous.祝贵公司生意兴隆!(某些让步状语从句)
Try as I might, I couldn‘t lift the stone.无论我使多大的劲，我也无法搬起那块石头。
They said they would follow the Party‘s lead come what might.
他们说无论发生什么情况，他们都会跟党走的。
7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。
Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .
这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。
On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。)
“I‘m leaving for Beijing tomorrow,” said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .汤姆对他妈妈说：“我明天动身去北京。”
Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.
许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。
Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .
篇8：从语篇角度探讨高中英语修辞倒装
一、完全倒装
将整个谓语提至主语前, 叫完全倒装。在语篇中使用完全倒装的主要目的是使描写更加生动形象、上下文更衔接、句子结构平衡以及突出韵律和节奏等。如:“Stop thief ! Stop thief !”The cry is taking by a hundred voices. Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. (狄更斯2010)
语篇中作者通过将up和out置于句首引出两个完全倒装句up go the window , out run the people, 不仅制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛, 也为读者生动地刻画了一个热闹、混乱的捉贼场面。
完全倒装的特点是句子中谓语动词往往只有一个词, 这个词是系动词be (is, are, was, were) 或实义动词 (一般为不及物动词) , 它的形式有三种:原形、第三人称单数形式和过去式。发生完全倒装主要有以下四种情况:
(一) 表示方位、时间的副词开头的句子, 如here, there;in, out;up, down;away, now, then等, 若主语是名词时, 采用完全倒装语序
如:
1. Here comes a cloud of smoke. 一缕烟飘过来了。
2. Up jumped the two large dogs. 两只大狗跳了起来。
3. Out ran a mouse as soon as the door was opened. 门一打开, 窜出一只老鼠。
4. The Anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. Then followed China’s Liberation War. 1945 年中日战争结束, 紧随着的是中国解放战争。
(二) 表示地点的介词短语放在句首时, 若主语为名词, 采用完全倒装语序, 其谓语动词多为表示存在意义的词, 如be, lie, stand, exist, flow等
如:
1. Beyond the bushes lay the fields. 灌木丛后面是田野。
2. At the top of the hill stands an old temple.在山顶上坐落着一座老寺庙。
3. Next to my company is an Indian takeaway where I can have food for lunch every day. 紧挨着我公司的是一家印度式快餐, 每天我在那里吃午饭。
(三) 以such, thus或present+ 介词短语开头的一些句子, 若主语为名词, 也采用完全倒装语序
如:
1. Such would be our earth in the future. 我们未来的地球就是这样子。
2. Present at the meeting were many scientists.很多科学家出席了会议。
3. Thus ended his life. 他的生命就这样结束了。
(四) 将作表语的分词 (V-ing形式或V-ed形式) 或分词短语放在句首时, 采用完全倒装语序
这类倒装句的be动词属于系动词, 倒装方法是:V-ing (+ 地点状语/ 宾语) + 系动词be + 主语;V-ed (+ 地点状语) + 系动词be + 主语。如:
1. Hidden behind the gate is a naughty boy. 躲在大门后的是一个淘气的男孩。
2. Sitting on the bench is a little girl. 坐在板凳上的是一个小女孩。
3. Covering much of the area is a blanket of water.覆盖这地区大部分土地的是水。
4. Gone are the days when my heart was gray. 我心灰沉沉的日子远去了。
值得注意的是:以上情况句子的主语不能是人称代词, 否则主谓就不能倒装, 如:
1.There she goes.她走了。 (she是人称代词)
2.Here you are.给你。 (you是人称代词)
二、部分倒装
将谓语的一部分提到主语的前面, 其余部分仍放在主语后面, 叫部分倒装。在语篇中使用部分倒装的主要的目的是强调被提前的部分, 如人教版必修四Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE阅读课文中有这样一段话:Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. 语篇中Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 句子采用部分倒装语序, 强调了Jane Goodall被允许开始研究黑猩猩的时间条件after her mother came to help her for the first few months, 反应了Jane Goodall作为女性独自一人在森林里献身黑猩猩研究的艰难。
部分倒装的特点是被提到主语前面的谓语部分是助动词 (do, does, did, have, has, had) , 情态动词 (will, can, may等) 或be类助动词 (am, is, are, was, were) , 而以原形、现在分词或过去分词形式存在的实义动词或词组仍在主语后面, 这种结构正好符合一般疑问句的语序。发生部分倒装的主要有以下三种情况:
(一) 表示否定意义的词和词组放在句首时, 无论主语是名词或代词, 常采用部分倒装语序
常放在句首表示否定意义的词和词组主要有:barely /by no means /in no case /in no way /on no consideration /under no circumstances /in no circumstances (绝不) , nolonger/nomore (不再) , hardly/scarcely (几乎不) , seldom/rarely (很少, 不常) , little (几乎没有, 一点也不) , never (从不) , not (不, 没有) , not abit (一点也不) , nowhere (没有地方) , notuntil.. (直到……才) , not only. .but also. . (不但……而且) , neither. . nor . . (既不……也不……) , nosooner.. (than) .. (一……就……) 。其中, not only...but also..., neither... nor ... 连接并列主语时, 不倒装。
1. No longer has he lived here. 他不再居住在这里了。
2. By no means am I satisfied with my present income. 我绝不满足于目前的收入。
3. Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is. 直到最近我才懂得什么是市场经济。
4. No sooner had he arrived in London than he went to the conference. 他一到伦敦就去开会了。
(二) Only + 状语 (副词、介词短语或状语从句) 位于句首时, 采用部分倒装语序
1. Only then did I realize I had lost her thoroughly.那个时候我才意识到我完全失去她了。
2.Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.只有努力工作你才有望晋升工资。
3.Only when he lost health did he know the importance of it.只有当他失去健康, 他才意识到它的重要性。
(三) 将表示频度的副词always, often, once或短语many a time等放在句首需要强调时, 采用部分倒装语序
1.Often did I remind him not to look down upon the disabled.我经常提醒他不要看不起残疾人。
2.Always will we remember what you said.我们会永远记住你说的话。
3.Many a time have they offered to teach me English.很多次他们主动教我英语。
但是, 以上情况中的句子谓语动词只有一个系动词be (am, is, are, was, were) 时, 就属于全部倒装语序。
1.Not only is he a good teacher, but also he is a good poet.他不仅是个好老师, 也是大诗人。
2.No longer is he a little boy.他不再是小男孩了。
3.Always was he late when he was young.小时候他总是迟到。
结束语
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段, 修辞倒装的使用可以大大丰富英语语言的表达。所以, 在高中阶段了解并掌握高中英语修辞倒装的特点和用法, 不仅会提高学生对英语语言的欣赏能力, 而且对英语书面表达能力的提高也大有裨益。
参考文献
狄更斯.2010.雾都孤儿 (英文版) [M].北京:中央编译出版社.
华克键.1998.无敌英语语法[M].北京:海豚出版社.人民教育出版社, 课程教材研究所, 英语课程教材研究开发中心.2007.普通高中课程标准实验教科书·英语 (必修四) [M].北京:人民教育出版社.