动词考点

动词考点（精选十篇）

动词考点 篇1

[焦点一]考查can表示可能、请求、许可及其应答语的用法。

can表示请求许可时,相当于may,但语气没有may“严肃”,即指非正式的请求许可。例如:

Can I get you a drink?——______.I have already gotone.

A.That's very nice of you B.No,you don't have to.

C.Yes,please D.With pleasure.(2009年兰州)

简析:答案是A。此题考查情态动词can表示非正式请求的应答语。B项是情态动词must和need的否定回答,C、D两项是肯定回答,所以排除。

[焦点二]考查may表示可能、许可和请求许可及其应答语的用法。

may表示许可和请求许可时,意思和can相近,但是语气比can“严肃”,即表示正式的许可和请求许可,其应答语有多种。肯定回答有:Yes,please./Help yourself./Certainly./Of course./Sure.否定回答有:No,you can't/mustn't./Sorry,but…等等。例如:

1) A teacher______also make a mistake if he or she is notcareful enough.

A.must B.may C.should D.has to (2009年广州)

2)——______I have your name,please?——Yes,Smith.S—M—I—T—H.

A.Must B.May C.Will D.Need (2009年广东)

3) May I bring my dog onto the bus?No,you______.

A.may B.mustn't C.needn't D.don't (2009年湖南岳阳)

简析:1)答案是B。此题是考查may表示可能性的用法。must是“必须”的意思、should是“应该”的意思、has to是“不得不”的意思,所以排除A、C、D三项。2)答案是B。此题是考查may表示请求许可的用法。A项表示必须,C项表示将要,D项表示需要,所以排除。3)答案是B。此题是考查may表示请求许可的应答语。因为是否定回答,所以排除A项。C项是“不需要”的意思,D项是行为动词一般现在时的一般疑问句的否定答语,所以也排除。

[焦点三]考查could表示过去的可能和非正式的请求许可及其应答语的用法。例如:

1)——Could I look at your pictures?——Yes,of courseyou____.

__

A.could B、can C、will D、might (2009年太原)

2)——Could I call you by the first name?——Yes,you______.

A.will B.could C.might D.may (2009年无锡)

简析:答案1)B。2) D。could表示非正式的请求许可时,应答语要用Yes,you can/may.。

[焦点四]考查should/shouldn't表示应该/不应该的用法。

should表示应该,语气比must委婉、比ought to弱。例如:

We______keep the new traffic law and learn how to pro-tect ourselves.

A.may B.should C.can D.need (2010年上海)

简析:答案是B。此题考查情态动词should的用法。A、C项表示可能,D项表示需要,所以排除。

[焦点五]考查ought to表示应该的用法。例如:

我们理应高度赞扬那些工作在抗非第一线的医务人员。

We______to__________________the doctors and nur-ses fighting SRAS at the front.

简析:答案是:ought,speak highly of。理应是“应该”的意思,与to连用表示“应该”的只有用ought。高度赞扬是固定搭配。(2010年合肥)

[焦点六]考查need/needn't表示需要和不需要的用法。例如:

1)——Where is your umbrella?

——It's fine today.You______take an umbrella withyou.

A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't (2010年南京)

2) You______to the meeting this afternoon if you havesomething to do.

A.needn't to come B.don't need come

C.don't need coming D.needn't come (2010年银川)

简析:1)答案是B。此题是考查情态动词need的否定用法。A项是不可能的意思,C项是不允许的意思,D项是不应该的意思,所以排除。2)答案是D。所给选项都是否定结构,A、B、C三项是干扰题,所以排除。

[焦点七]考查must表示推测的用法

Must表示推测时,通常用于肯定句中,否定句中通常用can't。例如:

l) Oh,dear!Did you walk such a long way on such a hotday?Sit down and have a drink.You______be tired and thirsty.

A.can B.must C.may D.should (2010年南京)

2) Susan______be here now because she has just gone to New York.

A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.may not (2010年福州)

简析:1)答案是B。2)答案是B。

[焦点八]考查have to表示必要的用法。例如:

have to表示必要时,指主观上的必要,意思是“不得不”。例如:

——I like the party so much,but I______go home.It'stoo late.

——What a pity!

A.mustn't B.have to C.may D.can't (2010年泉州)

动词语态考点大观园 篇2

英语语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者就用主动语态，反之，如果主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动语态。另外非谓语动词也有主动和被动形式。语态的考查是历年高考题命题的热点。从近几年命题看，主要从以下几个方面进行命题。

一、结合动词的基本时态

近几年对大纲要求的几种基本时态的被动语态都有考查，首先我们弄清句子主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，掌握每一种基本时态的被动语态结构，才能在考试中少失分。

(一)考查一般现在时的被动语态

【考例】

(1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (辽宁)

A.was called B.is called

C.had been called D.has been called

(2)The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (上海)

A. persuadeB. will persuade

C. be persuaded D. are persuaded

【点拨】考例(1)定语从句中表达的是客观事实，现行词和定语从句之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。考例(2)主句是一般将来时，其后条件状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故也用一般现在时的被动语态，选BD。

(二)考查现在进行时的被动语态

【考例】

(3)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _________ each year. (2005山东)

A. is washing away B. is being washed away

C. are washing away D. are being washed away

【点拨】此题考查了时态、语态和主谓一致两个方面。从前面的with复合结构可以看出句子应用现在进行时，earth和wash away之间是动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。(huge)quantities of 作定语修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与quantities保持一致，用复数，与所修饰的名词无关，，故选D。

(三)考查现在完成时的被动语态

【考例】

(4)Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___________by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh. (2005重庆)

A.has been caused B.had been caused

C.will be causedD.will have been caused

【点拨】考例(4)强调对现在的影响或结果，damage是不可数名词，谓语动词只能用第三人称单数，和cause之间是动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，故选A。

(四)考查将来完成时的被动语态

【考例】

(5)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by . (2004北京)

A. has been completed B. has completed

C. will have been completed D. will have completed

【点拨】从介词短语by 2006可以看出该题表示将来某个时间要完成的动作，construction work和动词complete之间是动宾关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态，选C。

(五)考查一般将来时的被动语态

【考例】

(6) Only when your identity has been checked ,____ .(上海)

A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed in

C.will you allow in D.will you be allowed in

【点拨】时间状语从句是一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，only跟时间状语从句或介词短语时，句子要用倒装语序，故选D。

(六)考查过去完成时的被动语态

【考例】

(7)The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister’s car. (2005广东)

A. has beenB. was being C. had been D. would be

【点拨】考例(7)从主句可以看出，place这个动作发生在主句动词catch所表示的动作之前，先行词和place之间是动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态，选C。

(七)考查一般过去时的被动语态

【考例】

(8)More than a dozen students in that school _________ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005上海)

A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent

(9)-Why did you leave that position? (2005北京)

-I __________ a better position at IBM.

A. offer B. offeredC. am offered D. was offered

【点拨】考例(8)中有明显的过去时间状语last year,考例(9)虽然没有明显的时间状语，但从问句的时态可以看出，offer这动作也是发生在过去，两考例中的主语和谓语动词之间都是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，选BD。

二、get+过去分词构成的被动语态

英语中除了be+及物动词构成被动语态外，get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，但也要注意有时也可以表示某种状态，而非被动。

【考例】

(10) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______run over by a car. (北京)

A. haveB. get C. become D. turn

(11)Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _________before the party.(2004全国卷二)

A. get changed B. get change

C. get changing D. get to change

【点拨】考例(10)中四个选项中只有B项的get可以和后面的过去分词短语run over构成被动语态;考例(11)中主语和get changed之间不构成被动关系，故选BA。

三、结合非谓语动词的语态

非谓语动词虽然不能在句中充当谓语动词，但是它们具有动词的特点，除过去分词本身含有被动含义，其他的几个形式也有被动形式。

(一)考查动词不定式的被动语态

【考例】

(12)All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. (2005辽宁)

A.in order to have received B.in order to receive

C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving

(13)-Is bob still performing? (2005江苏)

-I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left B. to leave

C. to have been left D. to be left

【点拨】考例(11)中不定式中的动词receive和句子主语之间是动宾关系，没有先后顺序，直接用动词不定式的一般式的被动形式，考例(12)中动词不定式所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作有明显的先后顺序，和句子主语之间是主谓关系，故用动词不定式的完成式，选CA。

(二)考查现在分词的被动语态

【考例】

(14) __________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005湖北)

A. Being separated B. Having separated

C. Having been separated D. To be separated

【点拨】该考例是考查现在分词完成式的被动语态，表示separate这动作已经完成，而A项表示正进行，D项有表将来的含义，B项表示主动，故选C。

(三)考查动名词的被动语态

【考例】

(15)He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk __________ the good opportunity. (2005上海)

A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

(16)Tony was very unhappy for __________ to the party. (2002上海)

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

【点拨】考例(14)中risk跟动名词作宾语，lose和主语he之间是主谓关系，故用动名词的一般式。考例(15)中invite这动作发生在“不高兴”之前，和主语之间是动宾关系，故用动名词的完成被动式，其否定形式是在动名词前加not或never,故选BD。

四、结合被动语态的省略形式

在when, while, if, unless, though等引导的时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句的主语和be动词。

【考例】

(17) When_______ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It’ s kind of you. ” (2005福建)

A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered

【点拨】从句主语和主句一致，而且和offer之间是动宾关系，故可以省略从句的主语和be动词is,选D。

五、结合复合宾语结构

一些感官动词和使役动词后可以用过去分词来表示宾语和过去分词所表示的动作之间存在的动宾关系。

【考例】

(18) Helen had to shout______ above the sound of the music. (2004全国III)

A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard

(19) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _________often enough. (2005天津)

A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained

【点拨】考例(17)(18)中都出现了使役动词后接宾语，再接过去分词作宾补的情况，宾语和过去分词之间都是被动关系，故选DD。

六、结合特殊动词的语态和时态

(一)有些不及物动词可以用主动形式表示被动含义，常和副词well, easily, badly等搭配，如： read, sell, wash等。

【考例】

(20)Books of this kind _______well.(上海)

A. sell B. sellsC. are sold D. is sold

【点拨】sell表示“卖，销售”时是及物动词，表示“销路好，畅销”时是不及物动词，常和副词well等，用主动形式表示被动含义，该句的主语是books，不是kind,谓语动词用复数，故选A。

(二)作为连系动词的smell, feel, taste, sound等，其后常跟形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。

【考例】

(21)I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (2005天津)

A. to sound B. to be sounded

C. sounding D. to have sounded

(22) Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will________ fresh for several days.(NMET2003)

A.be stayedB.stay

C.be staying D.have stayed

【点拨】考例(21)中sound表示“听起来”时，是连系动词，常跟形容词或介词短语作表语，不用被动语态;考例(22)stay表示“保持……的状态”时，也是连系动词，不用被动语态，故选AB。

(三)有些动词如，need, require, want,或形容词短语be worth 等其后常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。

【考例】

(23)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need____. (2003上海

A.that …to be improved B.which …to be improved

C.where…improvingD.when…improving

【点拨】该题是that引导的分隔性同位语从句，从句的谓语动词need可以跟动名词的主动形式作宾语，也可以直接跟动词不定式的被动形式作宾语，故选A。

(四)有些非谓语动词短语be to blame(受责备), be to let(出租)等可以用主动形式表示被动含义。

【考例】

(24)I feel it is your husband who __________ for the spoiled child. (2002上海)

A. is to blame B. is going to blame

C. is to be blamed D. should blame

【点拨】这是一个强调句，强调句子主语，题意是“我感觉到你的丈夫应该因那宠坏了孩子而受到责备。”be to blame是一个固定的非谓语动词短语，只用主动形式表示被动含义。

【实战演练】

1. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment________. (2005北京春)

A. is damaged B. had damaged

C. damaged D. was damaged

2. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.________? (2005北京春)

A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished

C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish

3. More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year. (2004江苏)

A. treated B. have treated

C. had been treated D. have been treated

4. - The window is dirty. (2004广西)

- I know. It_____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

5. -George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding? (2004湖北)

-No, I ___________ . Did they have a big wedding?

A.was not invited B.have not been invited

C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite

6. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. (2004上海)

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

7. According to the art dealer, the painting______ to go for at least a million dollars. (2004全国II)

A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting

8. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________ the film stars had left. (2004福建)

A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told

9. ____________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)

A.Compare B.When comparing

C.Comparing D.When compared

10. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004上海)

A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused

11. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全国II)

A. introducing B. introducedC. introduce D. being introduced

12. Hundreds of jobs _________if the factory closes. (北京春招)

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

13. -Do you like the material? (1994NMET)

-Yes, it _________very soft.

A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt

14. A new cinema ________here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001北京春招)

A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

15. Rainforests _________and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in near future.(2002上海春招)

A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut

答案解析：

1. D.根据从句谓语动词可以看出主句应该用一般过去时，主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

2. A.强调现在的结果，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

3. D.根据题意可以看出是强调现在的情况，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

4. D.根据上下文语境可以看出是强调现在的情况，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5. C.根据上下文语境可以看出，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时的被动语态。

6. C.从ever since(自从那时以来)可以看出应用现在完成时，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故选C。

7. A.从所给的四个选项可以排除后三个选项，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

8. B.动词不定式表结果状语，具有偶然性，现在分词作结果状语表示必然性，句子主语和不定式所表示的动作是动宾关系，故选B。

9. D.在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句主语一致，而且从句含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，故选D。

10. C.动词不定式作主语补语。不定式所表示的动作和句子主语之间是动宾关系，故选C。

11. B.动词不定式在状语从句中的省略，省略了主语和be动词，故选B。

12. B.条件状语从句是一般现在时，故主句应用一般将来时，主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，故选B。

13. C.feel是连系动词，用主动形式表被动含义。

14. D.从后文的next month可以看出电影院还未完工，故用现在进行时的被动语态，选D。

动词时态考点聚焦 篇3

一、一般现在时与现在进行时

1．一般现在时

（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件

例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.

A. takes B. tookC. will be taken D. has taken

解析：飞机起非的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。

（2）考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态

例2 This machine _______. It hasnt worked for years.

A. didnt workB. wasnt working

C. doesnt workD. isnt working

解析：机器闲置了很多年，所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现时的状态，故答案为C。

例3 The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more.A. hasnt livedB. didnt liveC. had livedD. doesnt live

解析：句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。

（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实

例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called B. is called

C. had been calledD. has been called

解析：尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。

2．现在进行时

（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事

例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.

A. will be repairedB. is repaired

C. is being repairedD. has been repaired

句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。

例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning

解析：因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。

（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作

常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。

例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.

A. takes offB. is taking off

C. has taken off D. took off

解析：答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。

从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时区别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下：

一般现在时：习惯性、永久性、客观事实

现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感情色彩

二、一般过去时与过去进行时

1．一般过去时

主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况

例8Its said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and

education.

A. were being designedB. have designed

C. have been designedD. were designed

句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。

例9My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America.

A. worked B. would work

C. would be working D. has been working

此题中的two years ago说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。

2．过去进行时

（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成

例10—Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.

A. didB. has doneC. was doingD. had done

解析：从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。

（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作

例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting

解析：“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。

一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：

一般过去时：完成性

过去进行时：未完成

三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时

1．现成完成时

（1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果

例12Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.

A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieveD. had achieved

解析：尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断出医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。

（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作

例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

A. servedB. is serving C. had servedD. has served

解析：此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。

例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.

A. appearsB. appearedC. has appearedD. is appearing

解析：句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。

2．现成完成进行时

主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。

例15Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.

A. had consideredB. has been considering

C. considerD. is going to consider

解析：因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定,所以答案为B。

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：

现在完成时：完成性强调动作的结果

动词考点精讲 篇4

A动词时态

研读近年来的中考试题可以发现,对时态的考查通常有以下几种情况:一是试题情境具有典型的时态标志;二是创设一定的语境,考查时态;三是考查综合的时态运用。

一、典型类时态题命题手法及应试对策

【命题手法】这类试题常给出动作发生的时间状语或以特定词汇的形式给出动作发生的时间背景,主要考查考生识别时态的能力。

【经典试题】—Do you miss your parent far away?

—Yes,very much.They______the hometown for over two years.(2012·泰州)

A.left B.have left C.were away from D.have been away from

【简析】由时间状语for over two years可知,用现在完成时,且用延续性的动词,故选D。

【应试对策】要熟悉特定时间状语所对应的时态及其规律。如now,at present往往对应一般现在时或现在进行时;yesterday,last week,a few years ago往往标志着一般过去时;at tha time,at the time,at this time yesterday,then往往标志着过去进行时;tomorrow,next week,in an hour往往标志着一般将来时等。

二、语境类时态题命题手法及应试对策

【命题手法】这类试题通常没有明确的时态标志,而是通过创设鲜活的语境,来考查考生在较真实的语言情境下对动词时态的准确判断。

【经典试题】—I called you this morning,but nobody answered it.

—Oh,we______some running in the park.(2012·山东日照)

A.are doing B.were doing C.have done D.did

【简析】由第一句语境“今天早上我给你打电话,但是没人接”可知,说的是过去的事,答语是“那时我们正在公园里跑步”,所以用过去进行时,答案选择B。

【应试对策】认真阅读试题,领悟试题所创设的语境,努力寻找确定时态的依据。

三、综合型时态题命题手法及应试对策

【命题手法】

1.一般现在时代替一般将来时的时态题:这种时态题或以条件状语从句、时间状语从句为试题题干,或将动词设定为come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间点发生的表示“起、止”的动词;

2.陷阱型时态题:这种试题题干中的动词或动词时态具有较强的迷惑性,往往会诱使考生使用动词的另一时态。

【经典试题】—Who is Jerry Cooper?

—______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(2008·广元)

A.Don't you meet him yet B.Hadn't you met him yet

C.Didn't you meet him yet D.Haven't you met him yet

【简析】认真分析语境可知,本题为对话式直接引语,标准对照时间点为现在,该空表示“你到现在为止还没遇到他吗?”,因此应该用现在完成时。解本题时不能受“saw”的误导,把标准对照时间点误定为过去而误用过去完成时,故正确答案是D项。

【应试对策】现在型将来时:牢记只有表示时间或条件的状语从句才能使用一般现在时代替一般将来时,come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等严格按照时间点发生的表示“起、止”的动词可使用一般现在时代替一般将来时;陷阱型时态题:结合语境认真分析题干动词形式、时态与所需动词形式及时态的不同之处再进行判断。

B动词的语态

动词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者,被动语态表示主语是动作的接受者。

一、考查被动语态的时态判断

被动语态的时态判定与主动语态的时态判定方法是完全相同的,其判定依据是:时间状语、语境、时态呼应、时态移用等。

【经典试题】In the past few years,thousands of films______all over the world.(2012·盐城)

A.have produced B.have been produced

C.are producing D.are being produced

【简析】此题考查考生对被动语态时态的正确选用,属于典型的“时间状语型”试题。根据时间状语in the past few years,可以快速判断为现在完成时,用被动语态。故B项正确。

【经典试题】—It's difficult for village children to cross the river to school.

—I think a bridge_____over the river.(2012·襄阳)

A.should be built B.will build

C.is built D.was built

【简析】解该题时,如果没有第一句话的暗示,则A、C、D三个选项都能选。由于试题中没有明确的时间状语,考生必须要认真阅读试题,领悟语境来确定时态,所以该题属于典型的“语境型”试题。根据上文“乡村的孩子过河太难了”,可以推断出“应该造一座桥”,所以A项正确。

二、考查被动语态和主动语态的互换

主动语态变为被动语态的解题思路为:1.将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语;2.将主动语态的谓语动词变为被动形式。注意:助动词be的时态与主动语态的时态要一致,数要与被动语态的主语的数保持一致。3.主动语态的主语变为被动语态by的宾语(如为代词,主格形式要变为宾格形式)。

主动语态变为被动语态时要特别注意以下两点:

1.一般情况下,主动语态变为被动语态后,宾语补足语的结构形式、所处位置要原封不动地保存下来,但make,have,see,hear等词后原来省略的to要还原回来。

在初中阶段,有类似用法的词可巧记为“一感(feel)、二听(listen to,hear)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,watch,see,notice)”。

2.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:

(1)将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;

(2)将直接宾语变为主语,需根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for。用to的动词有:give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bring等;用for的动词有:make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave等。

【经典试题】Mike returned the story-books to the library on time.改为被动语态。(2012·茂名)

The story-books______returned to the library on time______Mike.

【简析】根据语态互换时时态一致的原则,可以知道第一个空格应该填were;而第二个空格表示“被”,应该用介词by。

C非谓语动词

一、考查动词不定式的基本构成

【知识清单】动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,它不受人称和数的变化限制,由“不定式符号(to)+动词原形”构成,其否定式常由在to前加not或never构成。句型ask/tell sb.not to do sth.是中考命题的热点。

【经典试题】Tell the children______unhealthy food.It's bad for their health.(2012·六盘水)

A.not to eat B.not eating C.to eat D.eating

【简析】根据“tell sb.not to do sth.”可知正确答案为A项。

二、考查动词不定式作主语

【知识清单】

1.不定式或不定式短语作主语时,可以直接位于句首。当不定式短语太长时,为保持句子平衡,通常用it作为形式主语,而将真正的主语———动词不定式短语放在句子的后面。其常用的句式有:“It+be+形容词/名词+to do sth.”;“It takes+宾语+some time+to do sth.”等。

2.当动词不定式带有自己的逻辑主语时,必须在逻辑主语的前面加上介词for或of,其结构为“It+be+形容词/名词+for/of+sb./sth.to do sth.”。这种不定式带逻辑主语的结构叫做动词不定式的复合结构。一般来说,be后面接名词或接表示事物性质的形容词(如easy,difficult,important等)时,常用介词for;如果be后面接表示性情或特征的形容词(如clever,kind,foolish等)时,一般用介词of。

【经典试题】It's very convenient______us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.(2012·东营)

A.to B.of C.by D.for

【简析】考查介词在固定结构“It is+adj.for/of sb.to do sth.”中的使用。convenient不能说明主语的特性,用for,故选D。

三、考查动词不定式作宾语

【知识清单】一些动词,如decide,hope,agree等,一般只能接动词不定式作宾语,此类动词还有hope,wish,want,decide,learn,agree,promise,happen,fail,plan,refuse,offer,prepare等。

1.常接动词不定式和动名词作宾语、意思存在差异的四个常考动词(组)是:

2.当动词不定式作宾语时,如后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语之后。其句型为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)。试体会:

我们都发现要解出那道数学题很难。

[误]All of us found that very difficult to work out the maths problem.

[正]All of us found it very difficult to work out the maths problem.

【经典试题】What bad weather it was!We decided______.(2011·徐州)

A.to go outB.not to go outC.to not go outD.not going out

【简析】根据“decide not to do sth.”这个固定结构可以得出正确答案为B项。

四、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语

【知识清单】

1.有些动词,如teach,want,tell等可接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,即构成teach/want/tell sb.to do sth.结构。但是,动词不定式作使役动词及感官动词的宾语补足语时,应省去to。这类动词有视觉动词notice,see,watch,look at,听觉动词hear,listen to,感觉动词feel,使役动词let,have make等。这类动词后跟不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to要省去。

2.以上省略to的不定式,在被动语态中都必须加上to(但let不能用于被动语态)。试体会:

那个小女孩经常被听到在房间唱歌。

[误]The little girl is often heard sing in the room.

[正]The little girl is often heard to sing in the room.

【经典试题】If you see the cartoon film,it will make you______.(2011·山东)

A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed

【简析】make作为使役性动词时,后接省to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故A项正确。

自主检测

用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I don't believe what he_________(say)just now.

2. Stay at home.Don't go outside.It_________(rain)now.

3. While we_________(talk)in the room,the light suddenly went out.

4.My sister_________(like)to learn how_________(cook)meals,and I like_________(eat)tasty meals.

5. The girls were made_________(work)twelve hours every day.

6. Linda_________(change)a lot since she entered Harvard University.

7. My father used to_________(smoke)a lot but later he gave up_________(smoke).

8.Stop_________(argue)and start_________(work).

9. The wet clothes_________often_________(hang)up near a fire in winter.

1 0. I'm sorry to keep you_________(wait)so long.

1 1. I don't know if he_________(come).If he_________(come),please let me know.

1 2. The meeting_________(begin)when we got there.

1 3. This can help when you have difficulty_________(make)a decision.

1 4. It's silly of you_________(not forgive)others for their faults.

1 5. The windows of the classroom_________(clean)every day.

Keys:

全方位透视动词不定式考点 篇5

1. ---Is Bob still performing?

---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official.(2005江苏卷)

A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.(2004福建卷)

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.(2005 上海卷)

A. had B. having C. to have D. have

4. I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.(2005天津卷)

A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded

5. In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match(上海卷)

A. this B. that C. there D. it

6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him_______.(NMET1995)

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not

7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. (NMET1995)

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.(NMET)

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

9. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.(北京卷)

A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.(NMET)

A. it what to do with B. What to do it with

C. what to do with it D. to do what with it

解析：

1.A. 根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”，要用不定式的完成式的主动形式。

2.B. 用动词的不定式的被动形式表示结果状语。

3.C.本题考查不定式作目的状语。“体育球迷们等在体育场外三个小时，目的仅仅是为了看一眼这些体育明星”。

4.A. want后面要选用不定式形式，本题学生可能会误选，但是sound是连系动词，不能用被动语态。

5.D.句子的真正主语是不定式短语to keep order in an important football match。这样的句子主语如果放在前面就显得太长而导致句子的结构不平衡，所以用作为形式主语放在前面。

6.A. tell sb. to do sth. 的意思是“告诉某人做某事”，其否定形式是在to前面加not。英语中，为了避免重复，常用省略形式，因此这个句子省略了do it。选项B如果加上it，也是正确的。

7、B.make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice等动词，后面接不定式作宾补语时，常省略不定式to。但是，当这类动词用于被动结构作主语补足语时，动词不定式必须带to。

8、B.动词不定式to make life easier和not to make it more difficult都作is的表语。做这类题目时，要比较非谓语动词的形式，前后要保持一致，后面不能省略to。

9、D.本题考查动词不定式的否定形式作宾语，句子的意思为：老师叫我们不要制造很大的噪音。

10、本题考查“疑问+不定式”和动词作短语do with的用法。根据本题的句意可以看出，由于know不可以直接跟动词不定式而排除D;“疑问+不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置于前面，从而排除A;what…do with…实际上是一个常用的短语，在短词中what作do的宾语，句中的it作介词with的宾语，故选C。

考点归纳

考点1：不定式的时态和语态

大多数情况下，动词不定式以一般形式出现，但不少情况下可能会出现时态、语态的变化，如进行式、完成式、被动式等(见考例1和2)

考点2：不定式的功能

动词不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，它具有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语或宾语(见考例5)，具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语(见考例4);具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语(见考例3)。

考点3：不定式的省略

动词不定式的省略我们可以分为两种：一种是不定式符号“”后面省略实义动词的形式(见考例6);另一种则是对不定式符号“”的省略(见例7)。

考点4：不定式的否定形式

动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号“”前面直接加上，有进为了强调也可以用否定词来否定(见考例8、9)

考点5：不定式的搭配形式

透视短语动词中考考点 篇6

一、动词+介词型:常见的有look for, look after, send for, ask for, laugh at, hear of/from等,这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。例如:

Mrs Green is out. I have to ____ her baby. (2008北京市中考题)

A. look aroundB. look up

C. look forD. look after

【答案与简析】选D。look after意为“照看”,前面的is out即指“孩子的妈妈不在”。注意有些动词后还因跟不同的介词而意义有变。如:agree with sb. “同意、支持某人(观点)”,agree to sth.“同意某事”; be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”, be strict in sth.“对某事要求严格”等。

二、动词+副词+介词型:常见的有come up with, get on with, catch up with等。这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面。例如:

After discussing, the students ____ some good ideas to work in the project.(2008陕西省中考题)

A. put upB. set up

C. caught upD. came up with

【答案与简析】选D。come up with意为“想出(办法),得到(主意)等”。

三、动词+名词+介词型:常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, take part in等。这类动词的宾语只能放在介词后面。例如:

Alice is so nice that everyone likes to ____(交朋友).

(2008河北省邢台市)

【答案与简析】填make friends with。注意此时的with之类的介词或副词千万不能遗弃。

四、动词+副词型:常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。注意:这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词的前面,又可放在副词的后面;宾语如是人称代词、反身代词,则放在动词与副词之间。例如:

The ticket is on the floor, please ____.(2008山东烟台市中考题)

A. pick up itB. look forC. pick it upD. look it up

【答案与简析】选C。pick up意为“拾起,捡”,代词it须放在副词前。

五、动词+形容词型:常见的有leave open, set free, cut open, take easy等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前面,也可放在后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前面。例如:

It has a strange smell in your room. You’d better keep the window ____.(2008重庆市)

A. openB. opens C. closes D. closed

【答案与解析】选A。四个选项中,A、D是形容词,但D不合题意(屋子里有怪味应开窗)。

六、动词+名词型:常见的有do sports, take photos, take pride, make a mistake等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。例如:

——Would you please ____ this old man?

——Sure. Take my seat, please.(2008江苏省扬州市)

A. prepare a room forB. make room for

C. give a room forD. take up room for

【答案与简析】选B。四个选项中,A、C中的room作可数名词,为“房间”,D不合题意,make room for sb.意为“给某人腾地方”,注意此时room为不可数名词。

【巩固练习】单项选择。

1. He ____ the radio every morning.

A. listens toB. listensC. hears fromD. hears of

2. I think people here are friendly. Do you ____ me?

A. get along withB. agree withC. laugh atD. play with

3. Please ____ the TV. I’d like to watch the TV play.

A. turn upB. turn downC. turn onD. turn off

4. Don’t ____ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch a cold in spring.

A. take awayB. take offC. take downD. take out

5. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to ____ there are no mistakes.

A. look forB. think aboutC. find outD. make sure

6. ——Excuse me. Where is the Hualian Hotel?

——Take a No. 5 bus and ____ at the second stop.

A. get onB. get upC. get offD. get to

7. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. ____ a doctor, please.

A. Send forB. Look forC. Wait forD. Care for

8. ——What is the police station’s telephone number?

——I can’t remember it. ____ in the telephone book, please.

A. Look it forB. Look it overC. Look it upD. Look at it

9. ——Thanks for ____ the ruler from the floor for me.

——That’s all right.

A. paying forB. playing withC. pointing toD. picking up

10. The doctor ____ Mary carefully. There was something wrong with her eyes.

A. looked upB. looked overC. looked forD. found out

11. Tom is ill in hospital and his mother is ____ him.

A. looking forB. looking overC. looking atD. looking after

12. ——Hello, can I speak to Mr. Green?

——____, please. He is coming.

A. Hold onB. Keep onC. Go onD. Come on

13. ——Look! The bus is coming.

——But there are too many people in it. I’m afraid we can’t ____ it.

A. get offB. get downC. get onD. get over

14. It’s really not easy to catch up with my classmates. Whenever I want to ____, my

teacher always encourages me to work harder.

A. go onB. turn downC. give back D. give up

15. Tom, please help me ____ the picture on the wall.

A. put upB. put outC. put off D. put into

16. The plane to Hong Kong ____ at this time of day.

A. gets toB. leaves forC. takes awayD. takes off

17. Could you tell me more about Shanghai? I’m ____ going there for a holiday soon.

A. looking upB. thinking aboutC. trying outD. finding out

18. ——____ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.

——OK, Mum.

A. Put upB. Put onC. Put downD. Put away

19. When the headmaster came into the hall, all the students ____ to welcome him.

A. sat downB. went outC. stood upD. turned up

20. Every morning, he ____ newspapers from house to house.

A. gets outB. sets upC. gives outD. puts off

动词时态语态考点探析与演练 篇7

一、十大热点时态精析

1. 现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时的构成形式是have / has been doing sth.,意思是“一直在做某事”。现在完成进行时没有被动语态,它强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行,而且该动作往往对现在产生影响,并将持续下去。例如:

He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years, which really isn't an easy thing.

现在完成进行时强调动作的持续时间,常带有感情色彩。例如:

I’ve been waiting for an hour but he still hasn’t turned up.(抱怨的感情色彩)

【典例1】—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.(2015年福建卷)

—He went to the library after breakfast and_______ (write) his essay there ever since.

解析:has been writing。由时间标志词ever since可知应使用现在完成时态,再结合语境可知,论文可能还没写完,还要在那儿继续写,故用现在完成进行时。

【典例2】—We've spent too much money recently.

—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives _______ (come) around all the time.

解析:have been coming。此处表示的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态,表示的是动作的延续,故用现在完成进行时。

【典例3】Joseph _______ (go) to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name?”in Russian.

解析:has been going。由时间状语since last month可知应使用现在完成时,再结合题干的意思可知,“上夜校”这一行为从过去发生到现在,一直在进行着,且还会持续下去,故应使用现在完成进行时。

【典例4】Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _______ (shoulder) since her marriage to Father.

解析:has been shouldering。题干中有表示完成时的时间标志词since,且描述的是动作的延续,所以定语从句中用现在完成进行时。

2. 一般现在时

一般现在时主要用来表示人、事、物的现在状况和特点;也可以表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,always,from time to time等时间状语;还可以表示客观规律和永恒真理等。例如:

He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.

以下几种情况中经常使用一般现在时:

1)表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。例如:

I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.

2)在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:

If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.

3)在make sure / certain, see to it, mind,care, matter+宾语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:

So long as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.

4)在“ the more..., the more... ( 越……, 越……)”句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。例如:

The harder you study, the better results you will get.

【 典例1】Linda, make sure the tables_______ (set) before the guests arrive.

解析:are set。make sure后接宾语从句时, 从句中谓语动词通常用一般现在时。set tables意思是“摆放桌子”,tables前置作主语,故用被动结构。

【典例2】Mother _______ (do) all the cooking for our family, but recently she has been too busy to do it.

解析:does。第一句陈述客观事实,所以使用一般现在时态。

3. 现在完成时

现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍然存在。现在完成时除了可以和for, since引导的状语连用外,还可以和during / in /over the last / past few years / months / weeks,in recent years,recently,lately,up to / till now,so far等连用。

在下列句型中常用现在完成时:

1)It is / has been +一段时间+ since从句

2)This / That / It is the first / second time +that从句

3)This / That / It is the only ... + that从句

4)This / That / It is the best / finest / most interesting... + that从句

在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。例如:

If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.

【典例1】Up to now, the program _______(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

解析:has saved。up to now是使用现在完成时态的标志,所以空格处使用现在完成时态。

【典例2】For many years, people _______(dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.

解析:have dreamed。根据句意可以推断此处的梦想从过去到现在,并由此延伸。目前,市场上已经有了电动汽车,所以应使用现在完成时。

4. 过去完成时

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。 当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时, 常用过去完成时。

常用过去完成时的几种情况:

1)在by the end of, by the time, until, before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作时。例如:

By the end of last year, we had produced20,000 cars.

The train had left before we reached the station.

2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended /thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词的过去式后接不定式的完成式表示,即:hoped / planned /meant / intended / thought / wanted / ex-pected to have done等。例如:

I had planned to pay a visit to you, but I had an unexpected visitor. = I planned to have paid a visit to you, but I had an unexpected visitor.

3)“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时“;时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。例如:

He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.

Xiao Hua left school three years ago.

4)表示“一……就……”的几个句型中,主句用过去完成时。即:Hardly / No sooner /Scarcely had +主语+过去分词+ when / than / be-fore +一般过去时。例如:

We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

【典例1】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _______ (do) for me.

解析:had done。“I was able to fully appreciate”用的是过去时,而“他们为我所做的一切” 则是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。

【典例2】“Were you surprised by the ending of the film?”“No, I _______ (read) the book, so I already knew the story.”

解析:had read。在knew之前已看过,故用过去完成时。

5. 一般过去时

一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。它所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在情况没有联系,常与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, in1945, at that time, once, during the war, a few days ago, when等。

【典例1】Excuse me. I _______ (realize) I was blocking your way.

解析:didnt realize。根据第二句后半部分的内容可知叙述的是过去的情况,此处表示的是说话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路,所以用一般过去时。

【典例2】The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _______ (come) on the market in 1973.

解析:came。since引导的从句作状语时,主句通常用现在完成时,而从句用一般过去时, 故填came。

6. 现在进行时

现在进行时表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动;或表感情色彩,加强语气。 常与now, at the moment, right now, at present,these days等时间状语连用。与频率副词如:al-ways, constantly, continually等连用时表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。例如:

The teacher is writing his notes now. (暂时的还在进行的动作)

Xiao Wang is always coming late. (带有不满的感情色彩)

【典例】It is reported that many a new house_______ (build) at present in the disaster area.

解析:is being built。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行,主语与所填选项是被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。“many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

7. 将来进行时

将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始, 并继续下去的动作,也可用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。

将来进行时往往在以下几种场合中使用:

1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语。例如:

What will you be doing at this time next Monday?

2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。例如:

I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.

3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。 例如:

Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.

After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.

4)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)。例如:

My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Shanghai.

【典例】If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _______ (eat) fresh watermelon in the fall.

解析:will be eating。表示对将来的预测通常使用将来进行时。

8. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。常与then, at that time,at this time yesterday等时间状语连用。例如:

I was going along the street looking for a place to park my car when the accident occurred.

【典例】You must tell us what you _______(do) at ten yesterday evening.

解析:were doing。表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作应使用过去进行时。

9. 过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,该动作可能刚刚终止,也有可能还在继续。

1)过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间关系,可以用时间状语来表示,也可以通过上下文来表示。例如:

By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days.

She said that she had been listening to radio after school.

2)过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作已经结束,但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。例如:

It had been raining and the street was still wet.

3)work, study, stay, sing, teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻,通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。例如:

She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her.

【典例】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _______ (lie) there.

解析:had been lying。通过句意可以发现, “躺”这个动作发生在came to之前,即发生在 “过去的过去”,应该用过去完成时。又因为作者强调“一直”这个概念,故使用过去完成进行时。

10. 将来完成时

将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与 “before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。例如:

We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.

By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

【典例】—Tommy is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month, he _______ (save)enough for a used one.

解析:will have saved。by next month是将来完成时的标志,全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作,对将来的时间next month产生影响,能买一辆旧车。故填将来完成时。

二、五种解题技巧点拨

1. 查找时间标志词

若括号中所给的是动词,并且根据其在句中所处的位置和成分判断是谓语动词时,首先寻找时间标志词;如果句中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语填写相应的时态。

【典例1】Daniel’s family _______ (enjoy)their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.

解析:will be enjoying。括号中所给的词是动词,分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动词, 本句中的时间状语this time next week是将来进行时的时间标志词,故填will be enjoying。

【典例2】The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _______ (see) them since.

解析:has seen。根据句意可知自从2012年这些文件开始不见的,到现在为止没有人看见。 since经常和现在完成时连用,再根据与nobody的主谓一致关系,可知应填has seen。

2. 主从句时态呼应

如果所填空格的句子是含有状语从句或宾语从句的主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则填上正确的时态。

根据主从句时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:

(1)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时。

(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。

(3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)。

【典例】The moment I got home, I found I_______ (leave) my jacket on the playground.

解析:had left。由于主句的动词使用了一般过去时,且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前,故应用过去完成时。

3. 注意固定搭配

英语中有很多固定搭配或特殊句式,使用的动词时态非常固定。如果句子构成某种固定搭配或特殊句式,则根据规则使用相应的时态。

【典例1】This is the first time we _______(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

解析:have seen。This is the first / second /last...time (that)... 是固定结构,后面的从句中应使用现在完成时。如果把is改为was,则后面的从句中应使用过去完成时。

【典例2】— How can I apply for an online course?

—Just fill out this form and we _______(see) what we can do for you.

解析:will see。“祈使句(或名词词组)+ and(或or)简单句”是并列句的一种固定句式,and (或or)后的简单句通常用一般将来时。

4. 细心体会语境

近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,设题趋向于不出现时间状语,而向情境化、实际化的方向发展。因此,细心体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。

【典例】Would you please keep silent? The weather report _______(broadcast)and I want to listen.

解析:is being broadcast / will be broadcast。 由“I want to listen.”可知,说话时天气预报正在播报或将要播报,应使用进行时或将来时,且表示被动含义,故填is being broadcast /will be broadcast。

5. 被动优先原则

当括号中所给动词与其主语是被动意义时,应使用被动语态。

【典例】Experiments of this kind _______(conduct) in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

解析:had been conducted。主语experiments与conduct构成动宾关系,谓语应使用被动语态。the Second World War表示过去的时间点, before the Second World War表示过去的过去这一时间点,故填过去完成时的被动语态。

三、强化训练

(一)完成句子。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.“Is Tom still smoking?”“No. By next Saturday he _______ (go) for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.”

2.“Jim, have you finished reading Harry Potter and Half- Blood Prince ?”“No. I _______(help) my father on the farm all day yesterday.”

3.“I wonder how long you _______ (stay) in Hawaii?”“Just for the weekend, then I had to attend a conference in Los Angels.”

4. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______ (persuade)to eat more fruits and vegetables.

5. This is the third time I _______ (visit)Hong Kong. The second time I _______ (come)here was on Christmas Day last year.

6. My money _______ (run) out. I'd better go to the bank to draw some of my savings in case I have none in hand.

7.“What's the weather like tomorrow, John?” “Well, I _______ (miss) it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.”

8. She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child _______ (eat) everything!

9. I _______ (want) to help you but I was not able to spare any time. I _______ (write) a paper last night and I'll have to finish it today.

10. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ (make) by scientists.

11. The president _______ (give) a cool re-ception when he visited London.

12. I’m tired out. I _______ (shop) all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.

13. This coastal area _______(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.

14. I walked slowly through the market,where people _______ (sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.

15. On her next birthday, Ann _______ (be)married for twenty years.

16. I'll come after the meeting if time_______ (permit).

17. The students _______ (give) ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.

18. The new play _______ (show) in theatre now. Why don't you go in and see it?

19.“How about the dishes, Dear?”“The beef didn't taste very good. It _______ (cook) too long.”

20. He kept a little notebook, in which_______ (write) the names and addresses of his friends.

(二)短文填空。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A

The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop( 主教 ) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey:

When I was young and free and my1(imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world.2I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I3(short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But4, too, seemed immovable.

As I grew5my twilight years ( 晚年 ), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family, those6(close) to me,7alas, they would have 8 of it.

And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I9(change) my family.

From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able10(better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.

B

I remember my first Christmas adventure with Grandma. I remember tearing across town1my bike to visit her on the day my big sister dropped the bomb. “ There is no Santa Claus. ” she laughed. “ Even dummies( 傻瓜 ) know that! ” I2(flee) to Grandma3I knew she would be straight with me. She always told the truth.

“ No Santa Claus? ” she said. “ Ridiculous! Don't believe4. Put on your coat, and let's go. ”

“ Go where, Grandma? ” I asked.

As we walked through the doors of the general store Grandma handed me ten dollars and said, “ Buy something for someone5needs it. I'll wait for you in the car. ”

I was only eight years old. Never had I shopped for anything all by myself. For a few moments I just stood there,6(wonder) what to buy, and who7(buy) it for. I thought of everybody I knew. Then I thought about Bobbie Decker.

He was my classmate with bad breath and8(mess) hair, and he sat right behind me. He didn't have a coat. I knew that because he never went out to play games during the winter. I held9bill with growing10(excite). I would buy Bobbie a coat.

参考答案与解析:

(一)完成句子

1. will have gone 。由时间状语by next Saturday可知应使用将来完成时。

2. was helping 。时间状语all day yesterday表示过去一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作,故应使用过去进行时。

3. stayed 。由下文had to可知,待在夏威夷是过去的事情,故使用一般过去时。

4. are persuaded 。根据主从句时态呼应原则,条件状语从句中应使用一般现在时。再根据语态优先原则,结合句意,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。

5. have visited; came 。“ This is the third time... ”后面的句子中谓语动词应使用现在完成时;第二空后有一般过去时的时间状语last year ,故填一般过去时。

6. is running 。由下一句可知钱还没有完全用光,表示“快要用光了”可使用现在进行时表示将来。

7. missed 。由语境可知,错过天气预报发生在过去,故应填missed 。

8. had eaten 。“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前,前一句交代的是过去的时间,因此本空表示“过去的过去”,故填过去完成时。

9. had wanted; was writing 。 had wanted / meant / thought... 意为“(过去)本来想要 / 打算干某事但未做成”;第二空由后面的“我将今天完成”可知昨晚正在写论文,还未写完,故使用过去进行时。

10. will be made 。 in the near future表明了将来的时间, more advances与make存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填will be made 。

11. was given 。由句意可 知应使用 被动语态,另外从句时态暗示主句应使用一般过去时。

12. have been shopping 。由语境可判断出该行为延续了一整个下午,并且可能还会持续下去,故用现在完成进行时。

13. was named 。主语This coastal area与动词name之间是被动关系;再根据句中的时间状语last year判断,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。

14. were selling 。根据“ I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed ”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”,即表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作,故用过去进行时。

15. will have been 。 her next birthday是将来的时间, for twenty years是完成时的时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态, 故填will have been 。

16. permits 。 permit为不及物动词,不用被动语态。另外,条件状语从句if time permits也可换成独立主格形式time permitting 。

17. are given 。谓语为give sb. sth. 结构的被动语态形式。

18. is being shown 。新剧应该是“被放映”, 故应使用被动语态;再根据时间状语now可知应使用现在进行时的被动语态。

19. had been cooked 。从句意上看,“牛肉” 应该是“被”煮,故句子要用被动语态;从时间上看,由于句中有didnt taste very good ,所以 “煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前,故用过去完成时。

20. were written 。这是一个倒装句式,其正常表达为“ the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook ”。

(二)短文填空

A

1 . imagination 。在形容词性物主代词后要用名词形式。

2 . As 。表示“随着”,应用as引导时间状语从句。

3 . shortened 。此处作谓语要用动词形式, 由上下文可知,应用一般过去时。

4 . it 。替代前文 中的to change only my country 。

5 . into 。表示“长大成为”用grow into 。

6 . closest 。“家人”是“最亲近的人”。

7 . but 。前后是转折关系。

8 . none 。 have none of ( = refuse to accept) 意为“不接受,不理睬”。

9 . would have changed 。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

10 . to better 。 be able to do为固定搭配。

B

1. on 。 on one's / the / a bike = by bike 。

2. fled 。结合全文可知此处应使用一般过去时,注意其不规则的形式。

3. because / as 。因为相信奶奶会对我说真话,所以立刻跑到她那儿去求证。

4. it / that 。指代“ There is no Santa Claus. ”。

5. who / that 。分析句子结构可知,此处为who / that引导的定语从句修饰someone 。

6. wondering 。根据前面 的逗号 ,可知应该使用动词的ing形式作伴随状语,表示主动含义。

7. to buy 。与what to buy构成并列 平行结构。

8. messy 。修饰名词hair当然用形 容词messy 。

9. the 。特指上文奶奶给的ten dollars 。

中考英语动词考点归纳与解析 篇8

关键词：中考英语,动词考点,归纳解析

中考英语中动词考点多, 难点多, 学生在解题时经常会出现各种错误。为了帮助学生突破动词的考点, 教师必须对每一个考点有准确的把握, 同时, 在中考复习过程中教师要做好总结和归纳, 以便学生更好地记忆。

一、动词的时态

新课程标准对时态的五级 (中考) 要求包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时这六种时态。判断时态的主要标志是时间状语, 只要找准了句中的时间状语, 一般就能准确地做出选择。例如:

1. The last time I___to the cinema was two years ago. (2011杭州)

A.goB.have gone

C.have been D.went

解析:答案为D。由“two years ago (两年前) ”可知用一般过去时。

但有的时候句中没有出现明确的时间状语, 这种情况下我们就要根据上下文语境来做出判断。如:

2.—Mike, why are you watching TV a-gain?

—I______my homework. (2013嘉兴)

A.finishB.finished

C.have finished D.had finished

解析:答案为C。问:“你为什么又在看电视?”答:“我已经完成了作业。”这强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响, 用现在完成时, 现在完成时的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。

学生在平时的学习过程中要清楚每一种时态的主要用法和基本结构, 尤其是常考的几种时态。另外, 学生还要注意某些复合句 (如状语从句) 中时态对应的特殊要求。

二、被动语态

每种时态都有其对应的被动语态。中考试题中出现最多的是一般现在时的被动语态, 一般过去时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态。因此, 对于这几种被动语态的结构必须熟练掌握。例如:

1. Today, computers are really helpful.They____everywhere.

A.use B.are used C.used D.were used

解析:答案为B。题干中的they指代前文的computers, 主语是谓语动作的承受者, 由此判断, 本题应该用被动语态。又从时间状语today可知, 此处应使用一般现在时被动语态的结构, 本题的答案为B。

2.—Mike, why do you still stay here?They have gone home.

—I’m sorry, but I______when to leave. (2013毕节)

A.didn’t tell B.don’t tell

C.wasn’t told D.haven’t told

解析:答案为C。题干的意思是“麦克, 你为什么还留在这里?他们已经回家了。”由句意“我没被告知什么时候离开”可知须用被动语态。

3. It’s said that an Asian Culture Village____inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period. (2013南京)

A.buildsB.is building

C.will be built D.was built

解析:答案为C。亚洲文化村与动作build构成被动关系, 应使用被动语态, 又根据时间状语可知时态为一般将来时。

除了上面提到的三种被动语态, 现在完成时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态学生也要重视, 因为它也在中考的出题范围以内。

4.—HowmanyChineseastronauts_____into space since 2003?

—Twelve, including two women. (2013沈阳)

A.were sentB.sent

C.have been sent D.have sent

解析:答案为C。该题首先要判断使用现在完成时还是一般过去时。since后接一个过去的时间点, 这个句子要用现在完成时, Chinese astronauts与send into space是被动关系。由此判断, 本题应该用现在完成时的被动语态, 结构为:have/has+been+及物动词过去分词。

5.—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It______food every day, or it will be hungry. (2013黄冈)

A.must give B.must be give

C.must be given D.must be gave

解析:答案为C。题干的意思是:“我多长时间需要喂一次狗?”it代替前文的dog, dog是动作的承受者, 选项中有must, 我们判断出这是一个含有情态动词的被动语态结构, 它的结构一般是:情态动词+be+及物动词过去分词。

三、情态动词

几乎每年中考均有考查情态动词的试题, 说明这个语法项目在初中英语中具有很重要的地位, 必须高度重视。考题一般都以辨别常用情态动词用法的形式出现。考题中出现频率较高的是must和can。情态动词可以表可能、表能力、表允许、表意愿、表推测、表命令等, 但中考着重考查表“推测”这种用法。例如:

1. If you know nothing about the famous program called“Where are we going, dad?”You____be living in a box! (2014滨江区二模卷)

A.would B.can C.must D.need

解析:答案为C。题干第一句话说“如果你不知道《爸爸去哪儿》这档著名的节目”, 后文说“你一定是生活在盒子里。”A、D选项would、need不表示推测;B选项can多用于否定句中表推测;C选项must be表示非常有把握的推断, “一定”。所以本题应该选择C选项。

2.—Who’s the man over there?Is it Mr.Black?

—It____be him.He’s much taller. (2013黄冈)

A.may not B.can’t

C.will not D.mustn’t

解析:答案为B。从句意可知, 那边的那个人“不可能”是Mr.Black, 因为“他高多了”。表示否定推测用can’t。

学生在平时的学习中, 就要特别注意比较这些常考的情态动词用法的细微差别, 考试答题的时候才能做到得心应手, 游刃有余。

四、动词不定式

动词不定式在句中可作多种成分等, 中考主要考查不定式在句中作宾语补足语这个知识点。例如:

1. Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him____smoke?

A.give up B.gave up

C.to give up D.giving up

解析:答案为C。ask sb.to do sth.结构意思为“要求某人做某事”, 不定式在句中做宾语补足语。类似带to的不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词还有tell, ask, allow, want, wish, expect, get, order, decide, offer等等, 学生平时归纳起来集中记忆, 效果更好。

此外, “特殊疑问词+不定式”结构也是动词不定式中一个很重要的考点。如:

2.—Which dress do you like best, Madam?

—Sorry, I can’t decide______now.

A.to buy which one B.buy which one

C.which one to buy D.which I should buy it

解析:答案为C。本题正是考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构的用法。该结构在本题中作宾语, 相当于宾语从句:I can’t decide which dress I should buy.

五、动词词组

中考对这部分内容的考查主要是对形式相似的动词短语的辨析。例如:

1. This morning I______some new restau-rants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. (2013杭州)

A.picked upB.looked up

C.cleaned upD.gave up

解析:答案为B。pick up意为“捡起”, look up意为“查找”, clean up意为“打扫”, give up意为“放弃”。从题干后半句得知“因为我想带Mia去一家漂亮的餐厅过生日”, 可以判断, 说话人是想要查找一家新的餐厅, 选项B为正确答案。

这几年考了以give, come, look等引导的动词短语辨析, 其他的如put, go, make等动词引导的动词短语, 学生平时也要多积累整理, 搞清楚它们用法的差别, 才能做到有备无患。

2. Scientists are trying their best to______ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.

A.come up with B.look forward to

C.talk about D.give up

解析:考查动词短语。come up with意为“想出”;look forward to意为“期望”;talk about意为“谈论”;give up意为“放弃”。句意:科学家正在尽最大努力想出办法治疗被称为H7N9的严重疾病。故选A。

六、动词词义的辨析

动词词义的辨析方面, 主要考查通过微语境下动词的辨析与运用。

1. I will meet Jane at the station.Please____what time she will arrive. (2013安徽)

A.count B.choose C.check D.catch

解析:答案为C。count计算, choose选择, check核对catch赶上。我将到车站去接Jane, 请核对她什么时候到。故选C。

2. On the top of the hill_____an ancient tower with a history of more than 1, 000 years. (2013丽水)

A.stood B.ran C.came D.lived

解析:句意:山顶上矗立着一个有一千多年历史的塔。“stand矗立”符合题意。故选A。

在复习过程中, 教师还要尽可能先让学生自己总结, 比如给学生布置一些自己找规则的作业, 必要时才给予适当的补充说明, 这样才能使复习的内容化为学生自己的知识, 以便有更持久的记忆。

另外, 教师要尽可能的化繁为简, 给予学生简单易记的口诀和总结性的材料, 比如后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略“to”的一些常用特殊动词:一些动词要掌握, have, let和make, 此三动词是使役, “注意”“观察”“听到”see, 还有feel和watch, 使用它们要仔细, 后接宾补略去to, 此点千万要牢记。我们还可以把一些动词的用法归纳画为表格, 再打印在纸上, 发给学生, 让学生根据表格造句, 使学生进一步掌握其用法。

动词考点 篇9

一、非谓语动词句型结构的高频考点

非谓语动词在句子中常常以下面的考点结构形式出现:

“非谓语结构 (现在分词、过去分词、带to的不定式) +句子 (主谓结构) ”

高考往往考查非谓语动词作状语。非谓语动词作状语时, 必须用在含有一个完整的句子结构前面或后面, 它不可能单独使用。这是因为非谓语动词是一个次要的动作, 主要的动作是谓语动词。句子和非谓语动词之间的关系是:要么句子的主语是非谓语动词这个动作的执行者, 要么句子的主语是非谓语动词这个动作的承受者。

非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语或宾语。即主语或宾语为非谓语动词的执行者或承受者。在这个结构中, 只存在现在分词、过去分词和不定式, 不存在动名词。非谓语动词结构在句中作状语, 如:方式状语、伴随状语、条件状语、时间状语、原因状语等。

考点结构:1.已有非谓语结构, 考查所缺的句子 (主谓结构) ;

2.已有句子 (主谓结构) , 考查所缺的非谓语结构。

历年高考题突破性训练:

(1) Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ____supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010年福建卷)

A.sendingB.to send

C.having sentD.to have sent

解题突破:选择A。句意:地震之后, 许多救援工人正在夜以继日地工作, 为青海玉树地区发送物资。本题考查非谓语结构。此题已经有主谓结构, 缺少非谓语结构。主语Lots of rescue workers“许多救援工人”发出两个动作, 一个是were working around the clock“正在夜以继日地工作”, 另一个是sending sup-plies“发送物资”。这两个动作都是同时进行的动作, 非谓语动词作伴随状语, 故选择A。

(2) Ideally_____for Broadway theaters and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (08年上海卷)

A.locatingB.being locating

C.having being locatedD.located

解题突破:选择D。句意:因为处于方便到达百老汇剧院及第五大道的理想之地, 纽约公园酒店成为大量客人的首选之地。本题考查非谓语结构。此题已经有完整的句子结构, 缺少的是非谓语结构。locate与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句:Because it is ideally located for…, 故选择D。

二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的句子结构考点

在历年高考中, 对非谓语动词考查的重难点是非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的区别。应特别注意它们之间的区别。能接宾语补足语的结构是:1.从句、形容词等作宾补;2.现在分词作宾补。表示:主动的动作、进行的动作, 与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 为宾语发出的动作;3.过去分词作宾补。表示:被动的动作、已完成的动作, 与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是该动作的承受者;4.不定式作宾补。不定式作宾补有两种情况, 即带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。注意下面的提示。

(1) 接不带to的不定式作宾补, 考生必须掌握两个概念: (1) 当谓语动词必须为:let, hear, see, make, watch, observe, notice, perceive, have, note, leave (let) , listen to, look at, feel等动词时, 其后面才能接不带to的不定式作宾补; (2) 接不带to的不定式作宾补, 表示该动作的全过程已经完成。

(2) 带to的不定式作宾补, 即不定式 (短语) 作定语。表示将来动作, 即该动作表示相对发生在谓语动词之后而言的将来。

(3) 当主动结构变为被动结构时, 即宾语变成了主语, 那么宾补随之也就变成了主语补足语, 其用法概念不变。但一定要注意带to和不带to在概念上的区别。带to不定式作宾补表示将来动作, 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语则表示动作全过程的完成。

历年高考英语题突破性训练:

(1) Listen!Do you hear someone_____for help? (2010年湖南卷)

A.callingB.call

C.to callD.called

解题突破:选择A。句意:听!你听到有人正在求救吗?本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。设空处和宾语someone之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, “听到hear”和“呼救calling for help”这两个动作是同时发生的, 只有同时发生, 才能听得见“呼救 (calling for help) ”。如果两个动作发生的时间不一致, 就听不见呼救了。calling这个动作是宾语someone发出的, 表示正在进行的动作, 故选择A。

(2) They use computers to keep the traffic_____smoothly. (09年全国卷Ⅱ)

A.being runB.run

C.to runD.running

解题突破:选择D。句意:他们用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻。“保持keep”和“畅通无阻run smoothly”这两个动作必须是同时发生的动作, running smoothly表示主动, 作宾语补足语。故选择D。

(3) I smell somethingin_____ the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute? (07年全国卷I)

A.burningB.burnt

C.being burntD.to be burnt

解题突破:选择A。句意:我闻到厨房里有什么东西烧焦了。我一会儿打给你吧!考查宾语补足语。“闻到smell”和“烧焦burning”这两个动作必须是同时发生的动作, burning是something的补足语, 为“正在燃烧着”之意, 表示主动, 要用V-ing形式。故选择A。

三、have (has) 句型结构考点

have (has) 接宾语补足语结构为常考而又难理解的句子结构, 其用法结构如下:

“使役动词have (has) +宾语+宾补”。能接宾补的结构有:1.现在分词:表主动的动作;正在进行的动作;动作是宾语发出的;与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系;2.过去分词:表示被动的动作;完成的动作;宾语是动作的承受者;与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系;3.不定式 (不带to) :表动作的全过程已完成;主动的动作;动作是宾语发出的;与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

注意区别:have (has) +宾语+ (带to的不定式) 作定语。表示将来的动作, 其have (has) 为实义动词。特别提示:1.作宾语补足语的现在分词、过去分词、不定式 (不带to) 只能是用一般式, 不能用完成式等其它形式。前面的have (has) 为使役动词。2.带to的不定式作定语时, 其前面的have (has) 为实义动词“有”之意, 表示将来的动作。注意区别:如果是省to的不定式则是作宾补, 表示动作的全过程已经完成, have (has) 就为使役动词了。

历年高考英语题突破性训练:

(1) I have a lot of readings_____before the end of this term. (2010年山东卷)

A.completingB.to complete

C.completedD.being completed

解题突破:选择B。句意:在本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。have sth.to do为固定句型, 意为“有事要做”, to do的逻辑主语要和主句主语一致;A表示“正在完成”;C表示“被完成”;D表示“正在被完成”。因为句中的have为实义动词“有”之意, 如果选A, C, D则是使役动词“使得”之意, 故全部排除。因此, 选择B。

(2) —Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?

—Just a minute.I’ll have Bobyouto your room. (07年北京卷)

A.showB.shows

C.to showD.showing

解题突破:选择A。句意:—劳驾, 301房间在哪?—请稍等, 我让Bob带你去房间。本题考查使役动词。have sb.do意为“使某人做某事”, have是使役动词, show表示动作的全过程要完成。故选择A。

(3) I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything_____? (04年上海卷)

A.to be buyingB.to buy

C.for buyingD.bought

解题突破:选择B。句意:今天下午我要去超市, 你要买什么东西吗?不定式to buy“要买”作定语, 表示将来的动作, have为实义动词。故选择B。

动词考点 篇10

热点一, 对一般现在时的考查

高考考例:

1. (2014 湖南卷) Whenever you______a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.

A. boughtB. have boughtC. will buyD. buy

2. (2014 重庆卷) You’d better write down her phone number before you ______ it.

A. forgetB. are forgettingC. forgotD. will forget

解析:答案为1.D, 2.A; 两考例考点为一般现在时, 分析两题题干可知, 两题分别是由whenever (第1题) 和before (第2题) 引导的时间状语从句构成的主从复合句, 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 通常遵循“主将从现”的原则。故正确答案分别是D, A。句意为“ (第1题) 无论何时你购买礼物的时候, 你都应该从接受者的角度来考虑问题; (第2题) 在你忘记之前最好把他的电话号码写下来。”

归纳与点拨:一般现在时可表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态, 也可表示说话者的能力及自然现象。此外, 在时间和条件状语从句中, 当主句为一般将来时时, 从句要用一般现在时代替将来时, 即“主将从现”。这是今年高考命题的方向, 共有3道题考查该知识点, 体现了该知识点的重要性。

热点二, 对一般过去时的考查

高考考例:

3. (2014陕西卷) We would rather our daughter______at home with us, but it is her choice,

and she is not a child any longer.

A. would stayB. has stayedC. stayedD. stay

4. (2014 福建卷) —Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and______there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.

A. stayedB. stayC. had stayedD. am staying

解析:答案为3.C, 4.A; 两考例都考查一般过去时, 考例3中would rather后面的从句要使用虚拟语气, 如果从句表示与现在或将来相反, 要用一般过去时, 如果与过去相反, 要使用过去完成时。句意为“我们宁愿我们的女儿待在家里, 但是这是她的选择, 她已经不再是孩子了。”根据句意可知是与现在相反, 所以使用一般过去时。故C正确。考例4依据题意“很久没有看见你了!你到哪里去了?我去了宁夏, 并在那里待了一年时间, 作教书的志愿者。”只是叙述我过去在宁夏待了一年, 没有强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。而且也没有持续到现在, 因为我已经回来了。所以不需要使用完成时, 使用一般过去时陈述事实即可。故A正确。

归纳与点拨:一般过去时表示在过去某时或一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与yesterday, last year, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, at that time等表示过去的时间状语连用。若句中没有表示过去的时间状语时, 则通过上下文语境暗示来判断。除此之外, 一般过去时常出现在以下句型中:It is time that sb did/were…“早该…了”; I’d rather sb did/were…‘.宁愿做某事’;I wish that sbdid/were…“但愿…”等。因此在平时的学习中要注意积累有关时态的一些特殊句式和各种时态的特殊之处。

热点三, 对一般将来时的考查

高考考例:

5. (2014北京卷) — What time is it?

—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.

A. check B. checked C. will check

D. would check

解析:本题答案为C;本题考查一般将来时, 且是will的一个特殊用法。题意为“—现在几点了?—我不知道。可是请你稍等, 我现在就帮你看一下。”依据题意可知不可能是过去发生的事情, 排除BD项。我为你去看时间属于将要发生的事情, 所以使用will表示临时决定要做某事。故C正确。

归纳与点拨:一般将来时常由“shall/will +动词原形”构成, 这种用法除表示将来某时或某一段时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态外, 还用来表示“临时决定要做某事, ”这也是今年高考考查将来时的一个方面;若要表示主观上打算要做某事时则用“be going to do”;当然将来时也可用在“祈使句+and/or + sb will do”结构中。

热点四, 对现在进行时的考查

高考考例:

6 (.2014北京卷) —Hi, let’s go skating.

—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ______ in an application form for a new job.

A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill

解析:本题答案为C, 本题题意为“喂, 我们滑冰吧!对不起, 我现在很忙, 我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。”依据题意可知本句是在叙述说话时正在进行、正在发生的事情, 所以使用现在进行时。故C正确。

归纳与点拨:现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现在某一段时间正在进行的动作, 谓语动词为延续性动词, 常与now, at present, look, listen等标志性词连用。答题时首先寻找标志性词汇, 若没有时态标志时应分析语境看其是否暗示此刻动作正在进行, 或此刻不在进行但目前这段时间正在进行;若在现在进行时中谓语动词为瞬间动词时, 则不表进行, 而表将来。

热点五, 对过去进行时的考查

高考考例:

7. (2014 重庆卷) James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he______until yesterday.

A. will comeB. was coming C. had come

D. came

8. ( 2014 四川卷) She______someone, so I nodded to her and went away.

A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning

D. has phoned

解析:答案为B, C; 两小题都考查过去进行时的用法。当表示事先计划好的安排好要发生的事情, 且谓语动词是一些表示位置变化的动词, 如:leave, come等的时候, 可以使用进行时表示将来时。依据考例7题意可知James要来这里是计划好的事情, 且动词come表示的是位置变化。故B正确。句意为“已经到了, 但是直到昨天我才知道他要来。考例8题意为“她正在和一个人打电话, 于是我向她点了下头便走了。”根据后句I nodded to her and went away“我只向她点了下头”说明她正在打电话。所以使用过去进行时表示在过去某个时间正在进行的事情。故C正确。

归纳与点拨:对于过去进行时常从以下几方面进行考查:1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as等引导的时间状语从句中考查, 即“sb was/were doing when sb did或while/as sb was/were doing, sb did”;2.在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中, 如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去, 动作时间长的用过去进行时, 表达谈话背景;动作时间短的用一般过去时, 表达新的信息;3.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查;4.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的区别。

热点六, 对现在完成时的考查

高考考例:

9. (2014江苏卷) —How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media ______ it in a variety of forms.

A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered

10. (2014大纲卷) The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______them since.

A. seesB. saw C. has seen D. had seen

解析:答案为C, C; 两小题都考查现在完成时的用法。考例9题意为“你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少?很好, 媒体以多种形式对青奥会进行了报道。”根据本句中的well, 可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多种形式的报道, 本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。考例10题意为“这些报告在2012年就不见了, 从那以后没有人看见过它们。”本句的关键词是since。根据句义可知是指自从2012年这些文件不见开始, 到现在为止没有人看见。Since (自从……) 和现在完成时连用。故C正确。

归纳与点拨:历届高考对现在完成时常从三个方面进行考查, 考点1:过去的动作对现在造成了影响或结果, 此时不需要时间状语;考点2:表示过去的动作或状态一直持续到现在;考点3:根据现在完成时的标志词since, up tonow, recently等来判断该种时态。

热点七, 对现在完成进行时的考查

高考考例:

11. (2014湖南卷) Since the time humankind started gardening, we ______to make our environment morebeautiful.

A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try

12. (2014江西卷) —Tony , why are your eyes red ?

—I______up peppers for the last five minutes .

A. cutB. was cuttingC. had cut

D. have been cutting

解析:答案为B, D; 两小题都考查现在完成进行时的用法。考例11中关键词是since… (.自从……) ;since引导的从句经常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。题意为“自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在, 我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。”本句使用现在完成进行时, 强调动作的持续性和反复性。故B正确。考例12的题意为“Tony, 为什么你的眼睛那么红啊?在过去的5分钟里, 我一直都在切辣椒。”根据题意可知本句表示在过去的一段时间里一直都在做某事, 并且还在进行, 所以使用现在完成进行时表示动作的持续性。故D正确。

归纳与点拨:现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始, 一直延续到现在还没结束的动作;常与work, study, stay, sing, teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。而现在完成时则表示过去的某一动作持续到现在而结束了的动作。所以判断的关键是看持续的某一动作是结束了或还在进行;抓住句子的上下文含义和句中的时间状语;要根据时间状语来选择合适的时态, 在平时的学习中要注意积累有关时态标志性词或短语。如since, so far等经常与现在完成时连用;in / for / during / over the last / past / recent…days / months / years /…是现在现在完成进行时或现在完成时的常见时间状语。

热点八, 对过去完成时的考查

高考考例:

13. (2014陕西卷) During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ______,

A. would recommend B. had recommended

C. have recommended D. were recommending

14. (2014 北京卷) I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______when I arrived.

A. started B. was starting

C. would start D. had started

解析:答案为B, D; 两考例都考查过去完成时的用法, 考例13题意为“在Jerry待在西安期间, 他尝试了他的朋友向他推荐的几乎所有的食物。”根据题意可知他的朋友向他推荐食物是在Jerry尝试的食物之前, 句中已经使用了tried, 所以推荐使用过去完成时。故B正确。考例14题意为“我发现这个报告很难懂, 因为当我到的时候, 它已经开始了。”根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始, 而句中我到达使用了arrived, 而报告是在这之前发生的, 所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。

归纳与点拨:过去完成时表示的动作发生在过去的某一时间或动作之前。过去完成时是相对时态, 在使用时一定要以过去的某一时间或动作作为参照物, 常与by then/last year, by the end of+过去的时间, before then等时间状语连用。过去完成时是今年时态的热点, 共有3道考题;英语的时态多, 又很复杂, 现在的高考不是纯粹考时态的问题, 而是把它们放在一定的语言环境里, 让考生根据特定的环境来确定答案。

热点九, 对过去将来时的考查

高考考例:

15. (2014北京卷) We ______back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A. are B. were C. will be

D. would be

16. (2014山东卷) They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.

A. bought B. would buy C. have boughtD. had bought

解析:答案为D, B; 两考例都考查过去将来时的用法;考例15题意为“如果你没丢失地图, 现在我们就会在宾馆里了。”在if引导虚拟条件句中, 如果表示与现在事实相反时, 条件句中的谓语动词用一般过去时, 主句使用would+动词原形, 即“sb would do if sb did/were.”依据题意可知, 题中所述内容与现在事实相反, 故D正确;考例16题意为“他们决定, 一旦Larry换工作, 就要买一栋新房子。”此题考查时态。宾语从句的主句若为过去时, 从句则使用相应的过去某一时态;且换房子发生在决定之后, 因此要用过去将来时。

归纳与点拨:过去将来时是较特殊的时态, 是从过去某时看即将要发生的动作, 必须有一个表示过去的时间状语作时间参照。故这种时态常用在宾语从句或含有时间状语从句的复合句的主句中。此外, 过去将来时还可用在表示与现在事实相反的虚拟的主句中, 其句式为“sb woulddo if sb did/were.”

热点十, 对过去将来完成时的考查

17. (2014安徽卷) People are recycling many things which they______away in the past.

A. had thrownB. will be throwing

C. were throwingD. would have thrown

解析:答案为D;考查过去将来完成时的用法;in the pas (t在过去) , 务必注意in the past用于一般过去式, in thepast years用于完成时。所以这里对过去虚拟, 这些东西过去会扔掉。 (可是现在正回收利用, 说明, 特定的这些东西没有扔掉) , 故选D为正确答案。句意为“人们正在回收利用他们过去常常本来会扔掉的东西。”

归纳与点拨:过去将来完成时表示在过去看来将来某时会已经完成的动作, 常用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中, 常用句式为“sb would have done if sb had done.”、