情态动词讲义

2024-05-12

情态动词讲义(通用6篇)

篇1:情态动词讲义

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed),ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

一、can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

e.g. Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

e.g. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。如:

e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

Although he can’t swim, yet he was able to cross the river.

2) 表示请求和允许。

e.g. -----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

e.g. ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

e.g. They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

e.g. Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?

5)“can + have done”主要用于否定句和疑问句中,表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

e.g. He cannot have been to that town.

Can he have got the book?

“could + have done”表示虚拟语气。

e.g. But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the task before the deadline.

You could have achieved better results but you wasted the valuable time.

6)习惯用法:cannot …… too…… “再……也不过分”

e.g. You cannot be too careful in the choice of your friends.

二、may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t

或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

e.g. ----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

e.g. May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(表示此意时,不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

e.g. He may /might be very busy now.

Your mother may /might not know the truth.

4)“may / might + have done”表示对过去行为的推测。

e.g. Without the heavy traffic, we might have caught the train.

5)习惯用法:may / might as well + do “不妨”

e.g. You might as well have an another try.

三、must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

e.g. You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

e.g. ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

e.g. The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

e.g. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

Your mother must be waiting for you now.

表示肯定推测的否定句,用cannot

e.g. This cannot be your pen.

4)“must + have done”对过去行为的肯定推测,否定句用cannot.

e.g. It must have been rainy yesterday, wasn’t it?

It must have rained yesterday, didn’t it?

5)have got to是have to 的口语形式。

e.g. You haven’t got to go to school today, have you?

6)must “偏偏”

e.g. Why must it rain on Sunday?

We were going to see a movie, but it must rain yesterday.

四、dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

e.g. How dare you say I’m unfair?

He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

e.g. You needn’t come so early.

---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

e.g. I dare to swim across this river.

He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

He needs to finish his homework today.

4)“needn’t + have done”表示虚拟语气,本不必做某事而事实上却做了。

e.g. You needn’t have waited for me.

5)need doing = need to be done.

e.g. The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repaired.

6)“I dare say”意为“我猜测”

e.g. I dare say he will come.

五、shall, should, ought to

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

e.g. What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

e.g. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

He shall be punished.(威胁)

3)shall用于第一,第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

e.g. Shall we begin our lesson?

When shall we be able to leave the hospital?

4)should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

e.g. I should help her because she is in trouble.

You ought to take care of the baby.

5) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

e.g. You should / ought to go to class right away.

Should I open the window?

6) should表示主观推测,“估计”“按道理应该”

e.g. He ought to/should be home by now.

They should finish it by now.

7)“should + have done”用于虚拟语气,本应该做某事而实际上并未做某事。

e.g. You should have arrived here 5 minutes earlier.

8)特殊用法:

“竟然”“居然”表示说话人感到意外,赞叹,愤怒,惊异等感情。

e.g. You can’t imagine the gentleman should be a thief.

e.g. I don’t know why you should think I did it.

“倒是”,用于第一人称时表示说话人的一种谦逊,客气,委婉的语气。

e.g. I should think it would be better to try it again.

I should advise you not to do that.

六、will, would

1) will表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

e.g. Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) will表示意志、愿望和决心。

e.g. I will never do that again.

They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

e.g. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

The wound would not heal.

4) would表示估计和猜想。

e.g. It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

5)would用在虚拟语气中(参考虚拟语气语法)。

e.g. If it should rain, the crop would be saved.

七、情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中。might所表示的可能性比may小。

e.g. He may not have finished the work..

If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t。can / could + have done表示推测。

e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic.

He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

e.g. He should have finished the work by now。

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

e.g. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

e.g. You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

e.g. He will have arrived by now.

篇2:情态动词讲义

情态动词的类型

1. 只作情态动词的有:must; can (could); may (might); 2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need;

3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will (would); shall (should);更多资料QQ378459309制作:

4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have to; ought to

(二)情态动词的特征:1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。

2. 无人称和数的变化 (have to例外,用于第三人称单数时用has to)。

We must stay here. /He must stay here. 他必须呆在这儿。

We have to walk home. /He has to walk home. 他不得不步行回家。

3. 后接动词原形: She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。

4. 具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。

- Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英语歌吗?- Yes, I can. 是的,我会。

二、情态动词的用法 (一) can, could的用法

1. 表示能力,译为:能,会。如: Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?

2. 表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:He can’t be in the room.他不可能在房间里。

3. 表请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。 如:You can (may) go now. 你现在可以走了。

4. could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力.如: I could swim when I was seven years old.

5. 以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t。

(二) may的用法 1.表推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中.如: He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。

2. 表请求、许可,意为“可以” 如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗?

※may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn’t,不用may not,意为“不可以,不许,禁止”。如: - May I go now? - No, you mustn’t. 不可以。/Yes, you may(can). 是,可以。

3. (1) 表祝愿。 如: May you succeed. 祝你成功。

(2) can和may 均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。

(三) must的用法:1. 表示“必须、应该”。

2. 表示推测,意为“一定”,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用can,否定句中也用may,但may not表示“可能不”,而can’t 表示“不可能”。

- There’s someone knocking on the door. 有人敲门。 - It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。

※3. 在否定句中,mustn’t表示禁止,意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答应用must,而否定回答则常用needn’t,意为“不需要、不必”,相当于don’t have to, 而不能用mustn’t。。

- Must I finish the work today? 我今天必须完成这项工作吗?

- No, you needn’t/You don’t have to. 不,你不必/ Yes, you must.

(四) 对need词性的判断: need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否定;need后加doing表被动;若need后加动词原形, 则need为情态动词,用need提问或否定,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。 如:You needn’t come to school so early. 你不必这么早来学校。

(五) had better的用法: had better+动词原形,表示最好做某事,否定式用had better not do sth.。

You’d better stay at home. 你最好呆在家里/You’d better not watch TV every day.你最好不要每天看电视。

(六) shall (should), will (would)的用法

1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问。 如:Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?

Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃饭好吗?

2. Should常用来表示义务、责任。如: We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。

3. will 用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”

如:Will you pass me the book? 你能把这本书递给我吗?/ We will do anything for you.

4. would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。

Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗?

易混点清单

一.can和be able to : can 和be able to表示能力时用法相同,can只用于现在时和过去式(could),但 be able to表示经过努力后, 能够做到有现在时,过去时和将来时。

如:We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. (表示经过努力后, 能够做到)

Jim couldn’t speak Chinese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。

二、can 和may 表可能性的区别

1.在肯定句中,用may表可能You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好问警察,他可能知道。

2. 在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can not;若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。

Mr Li can’t be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老师不可能在,他去北京度假了。

三、could, should, would, might表示委婉语气

could, should, would, might等过去式有时不表示过去,而是表示更委婉客气的语气。

Would you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗?

四、must和have (has) to: must和have (has) to 意思均为“必须”,常可以互换使用。但have (has) to用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”;must用于表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”。

We’ll have to ask Zhang Hong instead. /We must work hard at school.

五、maybe和may be

may为情态动词,后加动词原形be,用在句中;maybe为副词,“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps,用于句首。

六、can’t和mustn’t: 表否定推测时应用can’t, mustn’t表达“禁止、不允许”的含义,不是用来表推测的,在肯定句中must表推测,译为“一定”。

七.(补充)should have done 本应该做的事情但未做含有责备之意

篇3:情态动词考点聚焦

[焦点一]考查can表示可能、请求、许可及其应答语的用法。

can表示请求许可时,相当于may,但语气没有may“严肃”,即指非正式的请求许可。例如:

Can I get you a drink?——______.I have already gotone.

A.That's very nice of you B.No,you don't have to.

C.Yes,please D.With pleasure.(2009年兰州)

简析:答案是A。此题考查情态动词can表示非正式请求的应答语。B项是情态动词must和need的否定回答,C、D两项是肯定回答,所以排除。

[焦点二]考查may表示可能、许可和请求许可及其应答语的用法。

may表示许可和请求许可时,意思和can相近,但是语气比can“严肃”,即表示正式的许可和请求许可,其应答语有多种。肯定回答有:Yes,please./Help yourself./Certainly./Of course./Sure.否定回答有:No,you can't/mustn't./Sorry,but…等等。例如:

1) A teacher______also make a mistake if he or she is notcareful enough.

A.must B.may C.should D.has to (2009年广州)

2)——______I have your name,please?——Yes,Smith.S—M—I—T—H.

A.Must B.May C.Will D.Need (2009年广东)

3) May I bring my dog onto the bus?No,you______.

A.may B.mustn't C.needn't D.don't (2009年湖南岳阳)

简析:1)答案是B。此题是考查may表示可能性的用法。must是“必须”的意思、should是“应该”的意思、has to是“不得不”的意思,所以排除A、C、D三项。2)答案是B。此题是考查may表示请求许可的用法。A项表示必须,C项表示将要,D项表示需要,所以排除。3)答案是B。此题是考查may表示请求许可的应答语。因为是否定回答,所以排除A项。C项是“不需要”的意思,D项是行为动词一般现在时的一般疑问句的否定答语,所以也排除。

[焦点三]考查could表示过去的可能和非正式的请求许可及其应答语的用法。例如:

1)——Could I look at your pictures?——Yes,of courseyou____.

__

A.could B、can C、will D、might (2009年太原)

2)——Could I call you by the first name?——Yes,you______.

A.will B.could C.might D.may (2009年无锡)

简析:答案1)B。2) D。could表示非正式的请求许可时,应答语要用Yes,you can/may.。

[焦点四]考查should/shouldn't表示应该/不应该的用法。

should表示应该,语气比must委婉、比ought to弱。例如:

We______keep the new traffic law and learn how to pro-tect ourselves.

A.may B.should C.can D.need (2010年上海)

简析:答案是B。此题考查情态动词should的用法。A、C项表示可能,D项表示需要,所以排除。

[焦点五]考查ought to表示应该的用法。例如:

我们理应高度赞扬那些工作在抗非第一线的医务人员。

We______to__________________the doctors and nur-ses fighting SRAS at the front.

简析:答案是:ought,speak highly of。理应是“应该”的意思,与to连用表示“应该”的只有用ought。高度赞扬是固定搭配。(2010年合肥)

[焦点六]考查need/needn't表示需要和不需要的用法。例如:

1)——Where is your umbrella?

——It's fine today.You______take an umbrella withyou.

A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't (2010年南京)

2) You______to the meeting this afternoon if you havesomething to do.

A.needn't to come B.don't need come

C.don't need coming D.needn't come (2010年银川)

简析:1)答案是B。此题是考查情态动词need的否定用法。A项是不可能的意思,C项是不允许的意思,D项是不应该的意思,所以排除。2)答案是D。所给选项都是否定结构,A、B、C三项是干扰题,所以排除。

[焦点七]考查must表示推测的用法

Must表示推测时,通常用于肯定句中,否定句中通常用can't。例如:

l) Oh,dear!Did you walk such a long way on such a hotday?Sit down and have a drink.You______be tired and thirsty.

A.can B.must C.may D.should (2010年南京)

2) Susan______be here now because she has just gone to New York.

A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.may not (2010年福州)

简析:1)答案是B。2)答案是B。

[焦点八]考查have to表示必要的用法。例如:

have to表示必要时,指主观上的必要,意思是“不得不”。例如:

——I like the party so much,but I______go home.It'stoo late.

——What a pity!

A.mustn't B.have to C.may D.can't (2010年泉州)

篇4:情态动词的用法

can是最常用的情态动词之一,表示说话人的语气或情感,没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和紧挨着它的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。基本意思是“能;会”。can的否定式为can not,缩写为can’t。过去式为could。 具体用法是:

1. 表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),意为“能;会”等。如:

①Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?

②Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?

2. 表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以;能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要求,如:Can I…?“我可以……吗?”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事,Can you…?“请你……好吗?”表示说话人的请求,如在句末加上please一词就显得更有礼貌了;用于否定句中表示不允许。如:

①Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗?

②Can you help me, please? 请你帮助我好吗?

③You can’t play basketball. 你不能玩篮球。

3. 表示可能。如:

①He can be at home now. 他现在可能在家。

②The moon can’t always be full. 月亮不可能常圆。

4. 表示怀疑。只能用于一般疑问句中,带有感情色彩。如:

Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?

5. 变否定句时,直接在后面加上“not”,可缩写成can’t或cannot, 但不能写成cann’t。 如:

①He can swim.→He can’t swim.

②Emma can see the pen on the desk.→Emma cannot see the pen on the desk.

6. 变一般疑问句时,将can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人称)即可。如:

I can see an orange on the table.→Can you see an orange on the table?

其回答可用Yes. OK或Certainly等作肯定回答;用No或Sorry等作否定回答。如:

——Can you look after my books, please? 你能照看一下我的书吗?

——OK. 可以。

用Certainly回答。此时语气更为肯定。如:

——Can I see your guitar? 我能看看你的吉他吗?

——Certainly. 当然可以。

情态动词have to

have to意为“必须,不得不”,表示外界的客观要求,含有迫不得已的意味。这是一个比较特殊的情态动词,与其它的情态动词can, may, must等用法基本相同。不同之处是有人称和数的变化,否定式和疑问式的构成方式。

have to与别的情态动词一样也是后接动词原形,这是情态动词的共同特点。一般的情态动词所用的时态受到一定的限制,而且没有人称和数的变化。 have to可用于多种时态,而且不同的时态有不同的形式:一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时,要用has to;一般过去时中,要用had to;一般将来时中,要用will have to。如:

①I have to take Bill to hospital. 我必须带比尔去医院。

②Jill has to stay in the bed when she is sick.

当吉尔有病的时候,她不得不躺在床上。

③I had to sit down and rest every five minutes.

我不得不每五分钟坐下来休息一下。

④I’ll have to take you to see a doctor if you don’t feel well.

如果你觉得不舒服的话,我将不得不带你去看病。

have to的否定式一般要借助于助动词来构成。have to, has to,had to和will have to的否定式分别为don’t have to, doesn’t have to, didn’t have to和won’t have to。它的疑问式也要用助动词的相应形式构成。如:

①——Do you have to give up eating ice cream?

你必须放弃吃冰淇淋吗?

——No, I don’t have to, but I must eat less of it.

不,我不必,但是我必须少吃一点。

②What does she have to eat and drink?她必须吃什么,喝什么?

③We won’t have to worry about them. 我们不必为他们担心。

情态动词must

must是最常用的情态动词之一,虽有词义,但不完整,不能单独在句中作谓语,必须与动词一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化,而且只有一种形式,表示强烈的感情。其主要用法归纳如下:

1.表示主观看法。常译为“必须、应当”。如:

①The students must obey the school rules. 学生必须遵守校规。

②We must finish our homework every day.

我们每天都必须完成作业。

2.否定形式mustn’t表示“不应该”、“不可”、“不许”的意思,给人一种不能讲任何条件和借口的感觉。如:

①You mustn’t waste your time. 你不应该浪费时间。

②You mustn’t tell her about it. 你一定不要把这事告诉她。

3.否定回答用needn’t(不必),不用mustn’t。如:

——Must I hand in my exercise today? 我必须今天交练习吗?

——No, you needn’t. 不,不必。

4.表示说话人对事物的推断,只能用于肯定句,意为“一定;准是”,比may的语气肯定得多,否定句中多用can’t。如:

①Mr Smith must be a teacher. 史密斯先生肯定是教师。

②Mr Li Yang must be over forty years old.

李阳老师一定是四十多岁了。

情态动词have to和must在用法上的区别

have to强调客观需要做的事情,即表示由于外界条件的要求而不得不去做某事;而must则强调说话者主观上应该去做某事。如:

①Mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.

妈妈病了,我不得不在家照看她。

②All of us must work hard at English.

我们大家都必须努力学习英语。

have to的否定形式不能在have后加not,而应借助于助动词do来构成。同样,其疑问形式也不可将have移到主语前,而应借助于助动词do来帮助。而must则可变化自身构成疑问和否定。且以must开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答应用Yes,…must.其否定回答应用No,…needn’t.而不可用No,…mustn’t.。如:

①They don’t have to clean the classroom now.

他们不必现在打扫教室。

②——Must we finish our homework now?

我们必须现在完成家庭作业吗?

——Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)

篇5:情态动词

2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

篇6:情态动词小结

情态动词有:can(could),may(might),must,have to, shall(should),will(would),need, dare, ought to等。一. 情态动词can, may, must用法 ㈠基本用法 1.can ⑴ 会,能够--Can you swim?--Yes, I can.--No, I can‟t.⑵ 口语中代替may.You can(may)park here.你可以把车停在这里。(许可)2.may允许,许可--May I come in?--Yes, you may./Sure, come on in.--No, you mustn‟t./No, you can‟t.No, you‟d better not.3.must必须--Must we finish the exercise today?--Yes, you must.--No, you needn‟t./No, you don‟t have to.4.need 需要,必需--Need you go now?=--Must you go now?--Yes, I must.--Yes, I must.--No, I needn‟t.--No, I needn‟t.(need作为情态动词,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。)注意一:can 与be able to 都可以表示“能力”,区别是: ⑴ can只有现在和过去两种形式

I can play the piano.She couldn‟t play the piano when she was a little girl.⑵ be able to ① 有更多的形式和时态

We shall/will be able to finish the work next week.I haven‟t been able to find the book.② 指具体一次活动

I can swim but I am not able to cross the rough sea.有时两者可以互换: I‟m not able to(can‟t)answer your question.Are you able to(Can you)type(打字)?

注意二:could的用法

⑴ 作为can的过去式,表示过去的能力。

When I was young I could climb any tree in the forest.这时也可用was(were)able to ⑵ 用来代替can,婉转地提出请求,想法,建议等。回答这种情况下could引导的一般疑问句时,不用could,而要用can。A: Could you tell me how to get to the hospital? B: Of cause, I can.注意三:must的否定形式表示“不得”,“一定不要”,“禁止” ① You mustn‟t take photos in here.It‟s forbidden(禁止).② You mustn‟t drive without a license(驾照).③ We mustn‟t be late, must we?

(与第4页对比,此must不表猜测,两回事。)注意四:must的过去式是must,常用 had to 代替。I had to see the dentist.注意五:must 和 have to 都可以表示必须,但must表示说话人的主观看法,have to表示客观需要。You must say sorry to me for that.You have to drive quickly, we have little time.注意六:May+动词原形表“祝愿”。

May you succeed.May you be happy every day.㈡ 可能性用法

1.can表示“可能性”① 疑问句:只能用can

Who can it be ?

② 否定句:cannot(can‟t)“不可能 It cannot be Jenny.2.may表示“可能性”① 否定句:may not“可能不”

It may not be Jenny.② 肯定句:“大概”,“也许”,“可能” It may be Jenny.3.must表示“可能性”,只能用于肯定句,表推测:“一定是”,“准是”,“必是”,“必定”。

It must be Jenny.小结表示“可能性”:

疑问句:只能用can 否定句:cannot(can‟t)“不可能”(反义词是must“准是”)may not“可能不”

肯定句:may “大概”

must“准是”(反义词是can‟t)注意一: 在表示“可能性”时,凡是对过去事物的猜测,不管是疑问..句,否定句还是肯定句,都要用完成时。...① It must have rained last night.You see, the ground is still wet.② He can‟t have been to your home.He doesn‟t know your address注意二:may+原型 表示 现在或将来的可能性。若表示对过去事物 .... 的猜测,则用完成时。③ He may come today.(tomorrow)He might come today.(tomorrow)(might语气更不肯定,不是may的过去时)④ She might have called for help.她可能大声喊“救命”了。请翻译下里句子:

1.Where can Wei Fang be? 2.That can‟t be Mary.She is in hospital.3.Surely you can‟t be hungry.You‟ve only just had lunch.4.The key can‟t be in the room.I have just searched it carefully.5.You may/ can go and ask him.But he may not answer you.6.A:Look!Someone is coming.Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster.A: It can‟t be him.He has gone to Shanghai.B: It must be Mr.Zhang.He looks like our headmaster.7.Anna may know Tom‟s address.8.They may be waiting at the station.9.I may be going to Europe next year.10.He may have gone abroad.11.I‟m afraid I must be going now.12.You must be hungry.Have something to eat.13.They must be twins.14.There‟s a lot noise from next door.They must be having party a party.15.I can‟t find him anywhere.He must have left.16.I can‟t find my book.I must have left it at home.17.You must have been thinking of something.18.A: We went to Hainan for the winter vacation.B: That must have been nice.注意三:must表示猜测时的反义疑问句

⑴ “must be +表语”的结构,must表示肯定猜测时,含有“准是”,“势必”,“一定”等意义时,反义疑问句用“isn‟t/aren‟t+主语” They must be hungry after the long walk, aren‟t they? ⑵ “must have done” 表示猜测时,反义疑问句用“haven‟t/hasn‟t +主语”或“didn‟t+主语”

① They must have studied English before, haven‟t they? ② She must have met a fairy(仙女), hasn‟t she? ③ You must have seen the film last week, didn‟t you? ........解题秘笈:① 把must去掉 ② 找时间状语 ③ 重新组成一新句子 ④ 按新句子的时态造反义疑问句

① You must have been to Beijing, ___ __?

去掉must;无时状;重组成You have been to Beijing; 故答案为:haven‟t you ② You must have finished your homework yesterday, .........___ __?去掉must;时状为yesterday;重组成 You finished your homework yesterday;故答案为:didn‟t you 二.情态动词need的用法

⑴ need 表示“需要”,“必需”。作为情态动词,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。

① He needn‟t pay for it.(情态动词)=He doesn‟t need to pay for it.(行为动词)②--Need you go now?=--Must you go now?--Yes, I must.--Yes, I must.--No, I needn‟t.--No, I needn‟t.⑵ need也可用作行为动词,其变化与一般动词相同。① We need to think it over.(肯定句)② Does he need to know it?=Need he know it? ③ She didn‟t need to go.=She needn‟t go.⑶ 按句型背:

need doing=need to be done ① The door needs painting.=The door needs to be painted.② The old man needed looking after.= The old man needed to be looked after.三.情态动词dare的用法

⑴ dare 表示“敢” 作为情态动词,通常用于否定句,疑问句或条件句中。dare 作为情态动词只有两种形式:dare, dared(当主语是第三人称单数时,dare 不加s)① She dare not do so.(否定句)② Dare he do it?(一般疑问句)③ How dare you say I‟m unfair.(特殊疑问句)④ Jump if you dare.有胆量你就跳。(条件句)⑵ 除了在“I dare say…” 这种习惯用语中,dare 在肯定句中作 情态动词的情况是很少的。(特殊用法,口语中常用,按句型背)① I dare say you are wrong.② A: If you die, who will get your money?

B: I dare say my uncle will.I have no other relatives.(亲戚)⑶ dare 也可用作行为动词,其变化与一般动词相同。① Who dare to go? ② I don‟t dare(to)ask her.问:此句中的to 为什么可以省略?

答: 当dare 作为①行为动词②在否定句中(两个条件必须同时具备),其后面的不定式可以省略to。又如: ③ We didn‟t dare(to)try a shot.四.情态动词shall和should的用法

⑴ shall 作为情态动词,用于二,三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有........“命令”,“警告”,“威胁”,“强制”,“允诺”等意思。(一人称用 shall是将来时)

① You shall do as I say.(命令)② Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.(允诺)③ You shall have whatever you want.(诺言)(我答应)你要什么我给你什么。

④ He shall be sorry for it one day.(警告)有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。

⑵ 在疑问句中,shall 用来征询对方意见或请求指示,用于一,三...........人称。译成“(你说)…好吗?”

① Where shall I wait for you?(你说)…

② 区别: Shall he come at once?(你说)他要不要立刻来?

(征求你的意见,情态动词)

Will he come at once?他将立刻来吗?(纯将来时)③ Shall we start the meeting now?

④ Let‟s have a rest, shall we?(Let‟s 包括对方)对比:Let us have a rest, will you?(Let us 不包括对方)对于上述这类问句的回答,没有严格不变的肯定或否定模式。⑤ Shall I open the window? Yes, please.⑥ Shall I get you some more tea? Yes, please.⑦ Shall we have a meeting tomorrow? Yes ,I agree./(Well, I don‟t think we need to.)⑧ Shall we go there by bike? All right.(OK./Yes, I think so.)⑨ Shall we go to the park? Good idea!⑶ should 作为情态动词,译成“应该”

① You should keep your promise.② We should be strict in all our work.五.情态动词 will和would的用法 ⑴ will 表示“意志”,“意愿”,可用于各种人称。.... ① I will(乐意,愿意)tell you all about it.② We will help him if he asks us(to).③ He won‟t go.⑵ 在疑问句中,will用来征询对方意见或请求指示,用于二人称。...........译成“(你说)…好吗?”

①---I‟m going down to the shop after school.Will you go with me?---Yes,I will.(I‟m sorry, I can‟t)② Will you please open the window? =Please open the window, will you? ③ Don‟t forget to give her some food and change her water, will you?(祈使句,用will you)④ Be sure to write to us, will you?(祈使句)⑤ Let us have a look at your photos, will you? ⑥ –Alice, you feed the bird today,___?-But I fed it yesterday.A.do you B.will you C.didn‟t you D.don‟t you ⑶ 表示习惯性动作,有“总是”,“惯于”的意思。还表示“自然倾向”。

① He‟ll talk for hours if you give him the chance.② Fish will die out of water.would ⑴ would是will的过去式,表示过去时间的“意志”,“愿望”用于各种人称。

①“We will help you.” said they.They said that they would help us.② No one would say that he couldn‟t see the Emperor‟s new clothes.③ I promised that I would do my best.(按句型记)made a promise ⑵ 表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比will婉转。指的是现在时间。

① I‟d like to see your ten-speed bicycles.② Would you like some bananas?(Bananas!I love them./ Yes, please./ No, thanks.)③--Would you like to see a film?--Yes, I‟d like to./I‟m glad to./I want to./ I‟d love to.…

/Thanks.I‟m afraid I won‟t be able to./Thanks.That would be nice.④--Would you like to come to supper?--Oh, thank you!I would love to.注意:I‟d like to=I‟d love to=I would like to=I should like to =I would like to=I should love to.①--④按句型记

⑤ Would you tell me the way to the station?(比will 婉转)⑶ 表示过去的习惯动作,“总是,惯于,过去常常”比used to 正式。且没有“现在已无此习惯”的含义。

① In winter, snow fell and the roofs of my old house would become thick, and all the trees would become white.② She would sit like that for hours.③ Every day she would get up at six o‟clock.⑷ 表猜测

① It would be ten o‟clock when she left home.② I‟d say she „s about 40.六.情态动词ought to的用法

ought to=should“应该”,“应当” 否定形式oughtn‟t to= shouldn‟t ① You ought to visit your parents more often.= You should visit your parents more often.② You oughtn‟t to make private phone calls in work time.= You shouldn‟t make private phone calls in work time.七.情态动词had better的用法

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