短文改错解题口诀

第一篇：短文改错解题口诀

短文改错口诀（推荐）

短文改错口诀

动词形，名词数; 还要注意形和副; 非谓动词细辨别; 习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析; 逻辑错误须关注。

一、动词形

主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。

二、名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如： …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三、 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately) 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四、非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：

…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to) 上述

二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。

(1)A rising tide lifts all boats. 水涨众船高。 (2)Time lost cannot be recalled. 光阴一去不复返。(recall vt. 召回恢复) (3)To stand still is to move back……

逆水行舟，不进则退。 (4)Saving is getting. 节约而后有(节约就是获得。)

(5)It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收(打翻牛奶，哭也没用) (注：以上五句运用了非谓语动词。)

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六、句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如： They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作定语从句的主语。

第二篇：大学英语六级短文改错解题技巧

新六级考试“改错的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。改错中的很多错误其实就是很多学生在平时写作时经常犯的错误。短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查。 改错形式：

1、错词(words mistaken)。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词(change a

word)，这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2、缺词(words missing)。在标有题号的一行的任何位置缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词(insert a word)。

3、多词(words redundant)。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去(cross out a word)。 做题步骤：

一、先通读全文

认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。

二、综合运用所学语言知识

根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。

三、验证答案

改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去，但在上下文中却只能在一处修改。 应试技巧： 1. 做改错题时应先用快读的方法通读全文，对文章有个大致的了解。 细读出现 10 个错误的所在行，看有没有出现语法错误和词汇错误。 如果通过细读确认没有语法错误和词汇错误，那就把细读扩大到该行上下各

二、三行，有时甚至要联系该行所在的自然段，这时的重点必须转移到对文章的理解上来，从上下文的关系找出连接关系和逻辑关系的前后矛盾的错误。 4. 一般来说，一份标准的改错题，从改错的三种方式来说应该是以改换原词为主，约占 60% ～ 70% ，以去掉原文的词和加词为辅，约占 30% ～ 40%; 从三种错误所占比例来看，语法和词汇为 7 ～ 8 个，而上下文逻辑错误为 2 ～ 3 个。 错误类型：

1、 名词错误

最近比较经常考查名词的错误的是关于名词的单复数问题和可数与不可数名词的混用。如样题中63题将percents改为percent, 68题中将woman改为women。

2、冠词错误

对于冠词的考查，主要是单数名词前面一定要有一个冠词来修饰。定冠词the的多余 或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the, a, an的混用。

注意，判断一个词的前面加a还是an不是看其首字母是不是元音字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如an hour, an honest boy ,其首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开始，故用an，而a useful book, a university, a European, a one-hour trip，虽然以元音字母开始，但却读作辅音音素的音，故用a。

3、 数词错误

主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred,写作seven hundreds.

4、指代错误

主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。

在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。如样题中62题将it改成they，因为它指代的是前面的复数名词papers。

5、介词错误

这是改错中最常见的一种错误，主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。当然这也包括一些用法搭配上的错误，这种错误在历年的考试当中出现的频率非常高。

如样题中69题将from改成in,因为result from意思是"发生"，前果后因，而result in是"导致"的意思，前因后果。做对这类题目最重要的是平常的积累，尤其是一些动词词组的搭配，虽然在词汇部分出现的已经很少了，但有可能在改错题中出现，当然这占的比重并不是很大，所以大家平常在英语学习当中适当注意即可。

6、动词错误

时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语;接从句需要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接ing形式的接了to, 或相反等。如00年6月真题的76题考查的就是时态，综观短文，全部用过去时态，因而前后应该一致。

7、主谓不一致

产生这种错误的主要原因是没有找对句子的主语，英语追求形式上的完美，所以有时候句子的结构非常复杂，这也是为什么我们一直强调难句分析在英语复习中的重要性。句子的结构一般是"主谓宾"或"主系表"，正确地找出各个句子成分对于阅读也

是非常有帮助的。如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。

8、非谓语动词错误

非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、动名词和分词。其中分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，其特点是：不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。这也是在四六级考试改错中常见的错误。

9、形容词与副词错误

这类错误一般是形容词与副词的误用，形容词一般用来修饰名词，而副词可以修饰动词和形容词，往往出题者就会把该用副词的地方误用为形容词。

10、连接词误用

连接词的错误虽然是属于传统的语法题范畴，但其用法主要根据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，也就是上下文的理解。连接词有很多种，有并列连词，如and, but, or等，主从连词，如because, if, after等，以及其他连接介词和副词，如however, despite等。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反。曾经考查过的题目有00年6月的73题，将as改为than，这

考查的是比较连词的搭配，根据上一行中之more即可确定改as为than。

11、关系词的误用

这一类错误主要是针对定语从句的，读者可以找一本语法书对定语从句做个回顾复习。这几年考题中出现的错误有00年1月六级真题的79题中在定语从句中多了一个they，应该划去。

12、 反义词误用

这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是比较有特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并改正。比较常见的错误有：

a、 派生反义词

如00年1月六级真题的72题将directly改为indirectly。这类错误通常是否定前缀的应用。希望大家能对否定前缀重视起来。

b、 其他反义词

如样题中65题将subjective(主观的)改成objective(客观的)，70题将majority(大多数)改成minority(少数)，这种反义词的误用比派生反义词更要难些，一般需要透彻理解上下文才能完成。

13、 并列结构

像有or或and连接的一般是并列结构，前后的形式一般来说应该是一样的，如样题中64题将maintain改成maintaining, 与and前的hiring相并列。

14、固定用法的错误

样题中71题将with改成as, as a result是一个固定搭配。 改错的7大核心考点： 1. 并列结构

这主要是指由and或or连接的几个并列成分在形式上必须保持一致.这一考点在历年六级改错中出现频率相当高,同学们要给予相当的重视. (1) At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in(改成that,同位语从句)our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.(07年1月新六级改错

第6题)这里的writing显然与think和analyze并列,因此应该用同样的形式,所以应该改成write. (2) Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect(去掉an,固定介词搭配)，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment .( 06年6月六级改错第4题)这里的lazy应该与stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此该用名词形式laziness. (3) Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet. (06年1月六级改错第7题)通过and将restrict和listing联系起来表示并列关系,所以listing应该用原形list. (4) How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you? (04年6月六级改错第9题) 这里的smiles和laugh肯定应该用同样的形式,而前面的a person又提示我们该使用第三人称单数,所以将laugh改成laughs. (5)Most experts believe this can continue even as if(去掉as,这里的even if表示即使)the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons.(04年1月六级改错第6题)同样,这里的politics应该改成political和economic, environmental并列。 (6)Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems and more seeds. (04年1月六级改错第9题)few应该与more形成对应,所以应改成比较级形式fewer. 2. A--A型错误

所谓A--A型错误,就是指六级改错命题经常将形容词(adjective)与副词

(adverb)混淆.这时我们的任务就是将文中的形容词换成它的副词形式,或将副词换成形容词： (1)Science should not only be “fun” in the same way as playing a video game, but “hard fun”----a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative engagement.(07年1月老六级改错第10题)我们都知道make sth. possible, possible做为宾语补足语，那用被动语态就是sth be made possible,所以这里的possibly应该改成possible. (2)Mass literacy is a relative new social goal. (06年6月六级改错第九题)显然这里表示“相对地”意思,因此要将relative改成它的副词形式relatively.注意:relative改成relatively不是第一次出现了，在04年1月的改错题中也出现过。 (3)A good CV is your passport to an interview and, ultimate, to the job you want.(06年1月六级改错第二题) ultimate在两个逗号之间，肯定得用副词形式ultimately. (4)She says efforts are continuing to complete end the disease.(05年1月六级改错第三题)complete要改成副词形式completely修饰动词end。 (5)The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five years.(05年1月六级改错第九题)可以看出这里freely想表示“免费的”意思,所以应该改成形容词形式free. (5)Culture is essentially to our humanness.(0 4年6月六级改错第8题)be essential to是一个固定搭配,表示“对...很重要”,所以essentially应该换成形容词essential. (6)Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like pres-ent-day Somalia…(04年1月第三题)显然应该用副词relatively来修饰动词过去分词isolated,表示“相对隔绝的”。 注意:A--A题错误有一种变体题型A—N.所谓A—N题型, 就是指A(adjective)与N(noun)之间的混淆,举例如下： (1)Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri-can public. (07年1月新六级第十题)“在国内舞台”应该是on a national stage,在这里名词nation要改成它的形容词形式national。 (2)Understanding the original of the negative attit- udes towards science may help us to modify them. (07年1月老六级第四题)表示“起源”显然要用名词形式origin,这里用形容词original是错误的。 3. 逻辑错误 这种错误一般得根据上下文判断得出,分析这么多年六级改错的逻辑错误,答案无一例外都是将文中某个用错的词(很多情况下是一个形容词)改成它的反义词或添上一个否定词,这里要求同学们掌握一些常用的否定词缀,如in-,un-等等,因为有的形容词加上否定词缀就变成了它的反义词,举例如下: (1)the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected to desirable activities that…(07年1月新六级改错第七题)desirable>undesirable (2)The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. (07年1月老六级改错第八题)efficient> inefficient.本题中efficient和laborious与boring并列,根据并列成分意思一致原则,也可以推断出这里的efficient应该换成它的反义词. (3)But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing

how to read well and understand increasingly complex material.(06年6月六级改错第十题)with>without.这里句子主语用了no one表示否定,而整个句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一个否定词without与no one构成双重否定表示肯定。 (4)Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance, regardless of what’s in it.(06年1月六级改错第三题)acceptance>rejection (5)the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history.(04年6月六级改错第六题) unfamiliar>familiar (6)Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world’s food crisis has remained just around the corner.(04年1月六级改错第四题)good>poor/bad (7)Get someone to check for spelling and grammatical errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake. (06年1月六级改错第6题)根据上下文,这里应该表示“不能挑出每个错误”，所以在pick up之前要加上否定词not. 4. -ing型与-ed型改错题

此类题一般是动词后面少了ing或ed,这种题经常出现,值得注意。 -ing型改错题分两种情况:(1)介词后面或某些动词后面跟着的动词需要使用该动词的-ing形式(2)用一个逗号将一个动词与其逻辑主语分开,该动词需要用-ing分词形式,举例如下： (1)The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records….(07年1月新六级改错第三题)这里的demand应该改成demanding,bar/stop/prevent sth from doing为固定搭配,介词from后面的动词必须使用其-ing形式。 (2)As a result, too many kids passed through school without master the printed page.(06年6月六级改错第1题)介词后面跟的动词通常都要加-ing形式,所以这里的master应该改成mastering. (3)Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.(06年1月六级改错第4题)avoid后面跟动词要加-ing,所以end改成ending. (4)This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease.(05年1月 六级改错第8题)一个逗号将depend on和其逻辑主语this modern treatment分开,因此depend要用其现在分词形式depending. (5)Culture refers to the social heritage of a people----the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.(04年6月六级改错第一题)和上一题一样,这里的include同样得用分词形式including. -ed型改错: (1)If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting…(06年1月六级改错第九题)这里的one指代前文的photo,我们都知道照相用take a photo,所以这里的one和take应该表示被动关系,所以应该用take的过去分词taken做后置定语。 (2)The rule here is to keep it factual and truthful-----exaggerations usually get find out.(06年1月六级改错第10题)表示“被发现”显然要用过去分词found out. 注意:-ed型改错从本质上说就是要能发现动词与其逻辑主语的关系,动词是施动者,而其逻辑主语接收动词发出的动作.这和被动语态实际上是

一个道理,下面举几个被动语态的题: (1) The day the NEA report released….(07年1月新六级改错第2题)这个报告被发表,所以在report和released之间要加上was. (2) Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well-----and not getting help.(06年6月六级改错第6题) 受到影响显然要用被动语态,所以affecting要改成过去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改错命题专家比较偏爱的一个词,在05年1月的改错中考查了effect与affect的区别,大家对这个词要好好掌握。 (3)The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.(05年1月六级第10题)这里的the countries作为逻辑主语,与后面的动词threaten成被动关

系,而且后面句子的形式threatened by leprosy也提示我们这里应该在threate-ned的前面加上系动词are. 5. 单复数错误与主谓不一致错误 这个考点在六级改错中出现的也很频繁,同学们对这种错误也比较熟悉,做题时一定得仔细观察句子的主语： (1)Most education system neglect exploration, under-standing and reflection.(07年1月老六级第五题)句子的主语是education system，而前面的most和后面的neglect都提示我们这里主语应该是个复数,所以将system改成systems. (2)There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep under-standing of science in an enjoyable way.(07年1月老六级第九题)这里facilitates前面跟的主语是resources and methods of teaching,主语是复数,所以根据主谓一致原则,要把facilitates改成facilitate。 (3)New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of frustration and failure. (06年6月六级改错第8题)表示“多年的沮丧与失败”是一个复数的概念,因此要把year改成years. (4) physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs.(04年6月六级改错第三题)这里的主语是physical object，也就是后面的那么些东西,因为不止一样东西,所以object得用复数形式objects. (5)There is no guarantee that plant breeders can cont-inue to develop new, higher-yielding crop…(04年1月六级改错第10题)在形容词前没有不定冠词,所以可以认为这里的crop表示一个复数概念,因此用crops. 6. 指代错误与冠词错误 同单复数一样,解指代错误题也要关注指代的对象到底是单数还是复数: (1)During the 1980s’ culture wars, school systems across the country pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by parents and teachers to be inappropriate.(07年1月新六级改错第9题)这里its指代前面的some books，所以物主代词应该是their而不是its. (2)As a result, children memorize processes such asmathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget it shortly afterwards.(07年1月六级改错第7题)，容易发现it指代前面的processes，因为是复数,所以该用复数的宾格them. (3) At same time(06年6月六级改错第七题)地球人都知道的at the same time是固定短语。 (4) in first paragraph(06年1月六级改错第一题)序数词前面要加the，这是初中的知识。 (5) a number of leprosy cases around the world has

been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years. (05年1月六级改错第一题)表示数量多少应该用the number of (6)The fast-growing population’s demand for food,they warned, would soon exceed their supply…(04年1月六级改错第二题)这里的their指代population，而人口是一个单数的概念,所以物主代词要用its. 7. 介词短语的考查 分析这几年的改错,这一考点几乎成了每次考试必考的

知识点,但这个得靠各位的基本功了,因为事先无法知道要考查哪个介词短语.不过看看这几年考过的介词短语搭配,我们可以发现其实都是一些最基本的,不会出现生僻的:in every region, owe…to, in detail, in effect, for the reason, cause damage to, deal with, for instance. 除此之外,强调句，同位语从句，定语从句，名词性从句以及时态和一些连词也常出现在六级的改错中。 (2) Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment .( 06年6月六级改错第4题) Most experts believe this can continue even as if(去掉as,这里的even if表示即使)the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons.(04年1月六级改错第6题) 1

第三篇：几何证明题解题口诀

(作者：河南省唐河县刘军义)

几何做题很容易，证明过程写详细。 数学原理巧运用，前后贯通有条理! 题目信息不放过，必与结果有联系。 学科符号用恰当，统一规范又适宜： 因为所以单点对，大小符号尖相抵; 图形符号缩字同，角线名称字母替。 证理恰切书规范，美观整洁又得体! 解释：

1、题目信息：指题目中给的证明条件。

2、结果：指要证明的内容。

3、因为所以单点对：指“∵”和“∴”竖写时情况。

4、尖相抵：指“>”和“<”横写时的情况。

5、图形符号缩字同：指“□”“◇”“△”等代替图形名称时占一个汉字的位置。

——作于2014年8月17日

第四篇：2015年高考英语短文改错解题技巧(学生)（推荐）

2016年高考英语短文改错解题技巧

一、短文改错常见考点设置：

1.考点设置之名词

命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法: (1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;

(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 详解：

1）.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 2）. After class we become stranger at once. 3）. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.

4）. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.

5）. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.

6）. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 7）. I looked at his other hands. 2.考点设置之代词

命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。 改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。

代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误

2. 缺少人称代词的错误

3. 人称代词数的一致问题

4. 人称代词格的一致问题 详解：

1）The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 2）I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. 3）It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 4）Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English . 5）One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . 1 6）Some students may also save up for our college or future use . 7）I took it in me and we walked. 3.考点设置之介词

命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,, serve, wait等。 介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。 详解：

1）We do not seem to get much time to talk about together. 2）I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.

3）The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 4）We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner. 5）I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 6）He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 7）Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. 4.考点设置之时态

命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。 详解：

1）They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that--- 2）The time passes quickly. Evening came. 3）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 4）I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class. 5）I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 6）We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago. 5.andutor误用及前后不一致

命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。

2 改正方法；1）根据句意确定误； 2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。 详解：

1) She is smiling at me but nodding at me. 2）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. 3）The food was expensive and the service was good. 4）I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 5）We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 6）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 6.考点设置之从句连词

命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。 详解：

1）It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 2）I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 3）The main problem was in that I always thought inChinese and tried to translate everything into English. 4）What things are in other homes, I wonder. 5）Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please. 6）They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 7.考点设置之冠词

命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。 详解：

1）As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 2）We may be one family and live under a same roof, but--- 3）On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 4）I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home 8.考点设置之形容词和副词

命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。 详解：

1）I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 2）There have been reports in America about people tryingto steal person information for bad purposes. 3）Finding information on the Net is easily. 4）So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned. 5）My pronunciation was terribly . 6）They came back lately and had some tea. 9.考点设置之非谓语动词

命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。 详解：

1）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please. 2）My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 3）Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. 4）We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 5）Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.

二、短文改错口诀

动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾. 详解：

（一）动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：

1） 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2）第三人称单数形式错用。

2） and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性） 4） 主谓不一致。5） 缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）

4 6） 主动语态与被动语态错用

7）Used to 的运用错误

（二）名词数：指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：

１）根据名词前的修饰限定成份．２）根据上下文的逻辑关系．

（三）还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。

（四）非谓语，细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1）不定式2）动名词作主语、宾语3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时） 4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。

（五）习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。

（六）句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。

（七）逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。

（八）冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。

三.短文改错小结 做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。 六个步骤：

（1）通读短文，整体把握短文大意。

（2）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。 （3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。

（4）逐行修改，先易后难。 （5）复读全文，验证答案。

（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。 四不改: ①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。

④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错.

5 (一) Friendship is importance. Everyone needs friendship. In all our lives we can’t live without

friendship just like we can’t live without air and water. Friendship makes us getting on well

with one another to go ahead under different kinds of difficulties in front of us. But real

friendship is easy to come by, true friendship must be sincerely and be based on understand

each other but not on benefits of each other. A good friend can always be a good teacher to us.

By his advice we are persuading to go the right way. Therefore more friends we have, the

better we can improve ourself.

(二) Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over the world men and

woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since many years ago, many adults and children called

their friends together to spend hours, even days play games. One of reasons why people like to

play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words, they help to keep people strong and

health. If people are playing games, they move a lot of. That is why sports are good activities

for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. Many people enjoy sports by

watch others play. (三) I feel quite sure the chemistry test that we’re going to have tomorrow. The teacher has already told us exact

what to study and I think my grades on homework has been good．In a fact, I think chemistry has always been one

of the subjects that I enjoy it most. Susan and I had already spent two hours review pages 115-140 tonight. We are

going to devote another hour to practise with some of the sample(实例) problem. Then I will ready for the test.

6 (四) It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007． I was walking along Park Road towards the east while an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the

street． Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and made a right turn into Park Road． The next moment the car hit the man while she was crossing the road． He fell with a cry． The car didn’t stop and drive off at full speed heading west． I noticed the driver was young woman wore a pair of glasses and the plate number was AC864． After two minutes later, I stopped a passed car and took the old man to the nearest hospital． (五) I often quarrel about my mother over whether I can watch TV after school. She holds view that senior three students have to make fully use of every minute to work hard at their lessons. It seems to me that once I am allowed to do that, I’ll unable to control myself and forget all about my study. She also thinks it is bad for my eye. But I really can’t accept her ideas. In my opinion, watch TV can set my mind at rest after a day’s hard works. Besides, it is important for us to know what had happened at home and at abroad. Thus, we shouldn’t be forbidden to watch TV. (六) Dear Mr. Johnson, I’ve learned from a newspaper that some clerks are wanting in your company. I am eager to being one of them. So I am writing the letter. My name is zhang Hua. I was born in the Hebei Province and I am in good health. I’ve just graduated in the Computer Department of Wuhan University. I did very good in all subjects and I am especial good at computer studies and English. I can read science books in English and doing some writing in English as well. Beside, I know a little French. And in my spare time ,I enjoy playing basketball. As is said that your company is very famous and I’ll very glad if you let me work for it. My telephone number is 027-89276628．I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

7 (七) Dear Robert, Thank for your letter of May 12th . How glad I was when I get it. I’d be very happy to be your pen friends. Now allow me introduce myself to you. I’m a boy student aged seventeen, study in Senior Three of Hongqi High School. I’m a monitor of my class. I am about to take the National Matriculation Entrance Test after twenty days, that is, between June 7 and 8．You know, I want very much to be a doctor working for poor peasants that I try to make fully use of every hour and study far into the night every day. Best wishes！

(八) One day Rosa wrote to her friend, who was a doctor, invite him to have dinner with her families. A few days later the doctor wrote back to her but she couldn’t read his writing because the letters were written careless. Then she asked her husband for the help, but he couldn’t read it, too. Then her husband got an idea. He told her that a chemist might be able read the doctor’s letter. So the woman went to chemist’s. The chemist in the shop studied the letter for a long time but he gave her a large bottle of medicine. He told the woman she would eat twelve pills a day. Finally Rosa still had no idea whether her friend will come or not. (九) Have you ever heard the saying: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy? What this means is if you study all the times you will become a boring person．You must go out and have a fun with your friends, otherwise you’ll lose them．No one wants to be friends with anyone who only talks work and study．Perhaps you have a confidence problem．Please try remember what the work you do is for yourself but no one else．You don’t have to compete for your classmates．No one could be happier in studying seven days and seven nights.

8 (十) Our class held a discussion about that whether music should be played during the break or

not .The opinions are divided. Most of students think that music should be played. As we know,

music can produce a lively and happy atmosphere. However, after hard study music can bring

us relaxation, which reduce the tiredness. This can help us make full preparations for the next

class. Listen to music also makes us feel happy. On the other hand, some students didn’t think

so. In their opinion, they can’t get the expecting effect from playing music, for the class break

time is too short. What is needed most during the class break is peace instead noise produced

by music. In my opinion, it is good to play some soft and peace music during the class break. In

this way students can enjoy music as good as have a good rest.

(十一) One day some people on the shore heard the cry for help. They ran up to the sea. A soldier

jumped into the water and swim to the man who was calling for helps. The young soldier was a

good swimmer and soon pulled the man back the shore. He took the man in the arms and

carried him out water. All the people there admired to the young man. Now everyone saw what

the man was a very wealth man in the city. Then he went up the soldier and gave the soldier

one pound for save his life. (十二) Jim arrived at home and discovered that he has forgotten his door key. He rang the bell, but nobody came to open the door. He rang again and waiting, but still there was not reply. He walked round the house to see if he could find a open window, but they were all locked. It was beginning to rain, he did not know how to do. Kate, his wife, had obvious gone out. He didn’t know where she had been or when she’d return. Finally, he picked up a stone and threw them at the kitchen window. Just then, his wife came back. 9 (十三) I was recent told that listening to loud music is gradually making people hard of hearing. I’m sure it has already been happened to my neighbor. For years she has turned a deaf ear to my requests to turn his radio down. When she gave a party she isn’t have to invite the rest of the street. Everyone can dance in her music in his own room. Now a scientist has discovered a certain electronic sounds have strange effects on rats. He declares they break down almost paralyze(瘫)with their legs trembled . Then it is simply a matter of throwing them out by their tail. I wonder that the same thing will happen to my neighbor someday.

(十四) A few days ago I saw a interesting program on TV. There was about the problem of traffic. It seems that a great deal damage is done by traffic. All our cities are suffered from this. Some buildings are falling to piece. It’s often faster to walk than to go by car and by bus. The problem has been getting bad for a long time. This was only one among thousands of other problems in our cities. All of sorts of bad things are happening to our cities. Our roads are never designed for so heavy traffic. It takes longer and longer to move from one place to another. (十五) In the past my hometown was the most beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen anywhere. In order to build more house and grow more crops, people cut down much more trees. As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills

turn wasteland. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we were suffered lot. But I do wish all the people could realize the terribly disaster caused from man. What’s more, we should take good care of our nature and punish those who against the law.

短文改错参考答案:

2014.10.30 (一) 1. important 或

importance前加of

2. like--as

3. getting----get

4. kind---kinds

5. easy前加not 6. sincere

7. understanding

8. persuaded

9. more前加the

10. ourselves (二) 1. and --- but

2. woman --- women

3. called前加have 4. play --- playing

5. of 后加the

6.health --- healthy

7. If --- When

8. of划掉

9. make---makes

10.watch--- watching (三) 1．sure --- sure about

2． exact --- exactly

3． has --- have;

4．a 去掉

5．去掉it

6．had --- have

7．review --- reviewing． 8. practice --- practicing

9．problem--- problems

10. will 后加 be (四) 1. in---on

2. while---when

3. sides---side

4. made---make 5. she---he

6. drive---drove

7. young前加a

8. wore---wearing 9. later 去掉

10. passed---passing (五) 1.about---with

2.view前加the

3.fully---full

4.me---her 5.I’ll后加be

6.eye---eyes

7.watch---watching

8. works---work 9.had---has

10.and后at划掉

(六) 1. wanting---wan ted 2. being---be 3. Hebei前the划掉 4. the前in---from 5. good---well

6. special---specially

7. doing---do

8. Beside---Besides 9. As---at

10. I’ll后加be (七) 1. Thank---Thanks; 或 for 前加you 2. get---got 3.friends---friend 4. me后加to 5. study---studying 6. a划掉 7. about划掉

8. after---in 9. very---so 10. fully---full (八) 1. invite---inviting

2. families---family

3. careless---carelessly

4. the help---help 5. too---either

6. able---able to

7. chemist’s---a chemist’s 8. but---and

9. eat---take

10. will---would (九) 1．heard--- heard of

2．is --- that

3．Times --- time 4．a 去掉

5. anyone --- someone

6. Talk --- Talk about

7. try --- try to 8．What--- that

9．For---with/against

10．Happier--- happy (十) 1. that划掉

2. students --- the students

3. However --- Besides 4. reduce --- reduces

5. Listen --- Listening

6. didn’t --- don’t 7. expecting --- expected

8. instead--- instead of

9. peace---peaceful

10. good---well (十一) 1. the cry---a cry 2. swim---swam

3. helps---help 4. back--- to 5. out---out of

6. admired to --- admired

7. what --- that 8. wealth --- wealthy

9.up --- up to

10. save --- saving (十二) 1. at home---home

2. has --- had

3. waiting --- waited 4. not --- no 或 not --- not any

5. find a --- find an 6. he ---and he 7. how --- what

8. obvious ---obviously

9. been --- gone 10. them --- it (十三) 1. recent --- recently

2. been 划掉

3. his --- her

4. gave---gives 5. isn’t --- doesn’t

6. in her --- to her

7. a certain --- certain 8. trembled--- trembling

9. tail --- tails

10. that --- if (十四) 1. a --- an

2. There --- It

3. deal --- deal of 4. suffered --- suffering

5. piece --- pieces

6. and --- or

11 7. bad --- worse

8. was --- is

9.All of --- All

10. so --- such (十五) 1. the --- a

2. anywhere--- everywhere

3. house --- houses

4. much ---many

5. turn --- turned

6. we were --- we

7. And --- So

8. terribly --- terrible

9. from man --- by man

10. who --- who are 12

第五篇：改错题的解题方法

一、解题方法 三步法解题: (1)通读全文，了解全文大意和主题; (2)找错并改正; (3)通读全文，核对检 验。

在短文改错过程中，还须遵循以下步骤: (1)在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置; (2)确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误; (3)在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误

(注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词); (4)注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误; (5)若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。

二、 错误有多词、少词和错词三种, 具体答题方法如下： 修改 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 删除 把多余的词用( )划掉。

增加 在文中两词间加“∧”号，表示有遗漏，并在其下面写出该加的词。

三、 命题内容 1. 词汇用法

词汇错误不同于篇章理解错误，它一般不需要根据整篇文章的主要内容和上下文的逻辑关系来进行分析和思考。词汇错误常常局限在句子水平上，也就是说，只看某一行或某一个句子就可以把这类错误挑出来并对它们加以改正。考生只有平时打下扎实的词汇基础，准确把握单词的词性及词义，才能将词语错误辨别出来。词汇错误主要包括词性错误、易混词误用和固定搭配错误。 (1) 用词不当

英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如 effect/affect/infect等。

(2) 介词误用

介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点。 2. 语法知识

改错中的语法错误主要是结构方面出现的一些基本语法错误，主要包括不一致性、时态、语态错误，现在分词和过去分词的误用，连词误用, 代词误用, 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级误用，虚拟语气误用和平行结构错误等。

(1) 一致性方面的错误

一致性(Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。

一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类：

1) 主谓一致。主谓不一致，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。

2) 名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如 several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。

3) 代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符,这是代词改错的核心。人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用，会导致指示不清、逻辑混乱，甚至前后矛盾。这一般考查的是代词的指代，在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的 对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。细心推敲和全局观念是破解此类错误的杀手锏。 (2) 非谓语动词错用

非谓语动词包括-ed、不定式、现在分词-ing。改错中主要出现非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。

(3) 形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有： One of +最高级+名词复数，as +原级+as 3. 篇章理解 (1)上下文语义矛盾

通过对近年改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定,这是语意的颠倒，造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前如先阅读全文，领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。 (2) 缺漏和多余

缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现象。 (3) 逻辑关系混乱

要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上，其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。 (4) 时态、语态错误

一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，改错中常出现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。

总之，要想从根本上提高做综合改错题的能力，考生就要打好扎实的英语基础，有丰富的词汇用法、固定搭配及句式结构知识等。同时，在平日英语学习的过程中，要多多阅读，培养英语的语感，提高语篇理解能力，增强自己辨错、纠错的能力。