奥巴马第二次就职演讲

奥巴马第二次就职演讲（精选6篇）

篇1：奥巴马第二次就职演讲

MR.OBAMA: Vice President Biden, Mr.Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution.We affirm the promise of our democracy.We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names.What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”

Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time.For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing;that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth.The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob.They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.For more than two hundred years, we have.Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free.We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce;schools and colleges to train our workers。

Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune.Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone.Our celebration of initiative and enterprise;our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.But we have always understood that when times change, so must we;that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges;that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action.For the American people can no more meet the demands of today’s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias.No single person can train all the math and science teachers we’ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores.Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people.This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience.A decade of war is now ending.An economic recovery has begun.America’s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive;diversity and openness;an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention.My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it.We believe that America’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class.We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work;when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship.We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own.We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time.We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher.But while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American.That is what this moment requires.That is what will give real meaning to our creed.We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity.We must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit.But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future.For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn.We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few.We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm.The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative;they strengthen us.They do not make us a nation of takers;they free us to take the risks that make this country great.We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity.We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations.Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms.The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult.But America cannot resist this transition;we must lead it.We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries – we must claim its promise.That is how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure – our forests and waterways;our croplands and snowcapped peaks.That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God.That’s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared.We, the people, still believe that enduring security and lasting peace do not require perpetual war.Our brave men and women in uniform, tempered by the flames of battle, are unmatched in skill and courage.Our citizens, seared by the memory of those we have lost, know too well the price that is paid for liberty.The knowledge of their sacrifice will keep us forever vigilant against those who would do us harm.But we are also heirs to those who won the peace and not just the war, who turned sworn enemies into the surest of friends, and we must carry those lessons into this time as well.We will defend our people and uphold our values through strength of arms and rule of law.We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other nations peacefully – not because we are naïve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more durably lift suspicion and fear.America will remain the anchor of strong alliances in every corner of the globe;and we will renew those institutions that extend our capacity to manage crisis abroad, for no one has a greater stake in a peaceful world than its most powerful nation.We will support democracy from Asia to Africa;from the Americas to the Middle East, because our interests and our conscience compel us to act on behalf of those who long for freedom.And we must be a source of hope to the poor, the sick, the marginalized, the victims of prejudice – not out of mere charity, but because peace in our time requires the constant advance of those principles that our common creed describes: tolerance and opportunity;human dignity and justice.We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths – that all of us are created equal – is the star that guides us still;just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall;just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone;to hear a King proclaim that our individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth.It is now our generation’s task to carry on what those pioneers began.For our journey is not complete until our wives, our mothers, and daughters can earn a living equal to their efforts.Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well.Our journey is not complete until no citizen is forced to wait for hours to exercise the right to vote.Our journey is not complete until we find a better way to welcome the striving, hopeful immigrants who still see America as a land of opportunity;until bright young students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce rather than expelled from our country.Our journey is not complete until all our children, from the streets of Detroit to the hills of Appalachia to the quiet lanes of Newtown, know that they are cared for, and cherished, and always safe from harm.That is our generation’s task – to make these words, these rights, these values – of Life, and Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – real for every American.Being true to our founding documents does not require us to agree on every contour of life;it does not mean we will all define liberty in exactly the same way, or follow the same precise path to happiness.Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time – but it does require us to act in our time.For now decisions are upon us, and we cannot afford delay.We cannot mistake absolutism for principle, or substitute spectacle for politics, or treat name-calling as reasoned debate.We must act, knowing that our work will be imperfect.We must act, knowing that today’s victories will be only partial, and that it will be up to those who stand here in four years, and forty years, and four hundred years hence to advance the timeless spirit once conferred to us in a spare Philadelphia hall.My fellow Americans, the oath I have sworn before you today, like the one recited by others who serve in this Capitol, was an oath to God and country, not party or faction – and we must faithfully execute that pledge during the duration of our service.But the words I spoke today are not so different from the oath that is taken each time a soldier signs up for duty, or an immigrant realizes her dream.My oath is not so different from the pledge we all make to the flag that waves above and that fills our hearts with pride.They are the words of citizens, and they represent our greatest hope.You and I, as citizens, have the power to set this country’s course.You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our time – not only with the votes we cast, but with the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enduring ideals.Let each of us now embrace, with solemn duty and awesome joy, what is our lasting birthright.With common effort and common purpose, with passion and dedication, let us answer the call of history, and carry into an uncertain future that precious light of freedom.Thank you, God Bless you, and may He forever bless these United States of America.

篇2：奥巴马第二次就职演讲

2013-01-2

2主持人：女士们、先生们，我非常荣幸向大家介绍美国第44任总统贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马。

奥巴马（美国总统）：谢谢，非常感谢，副总统拜登、首席大法官、美国国会议员，各位尊敬的来宾以及各位国民。每次在总统就职仪式上，我们都见证了我们宪法持久的力量。我们重新讲出对宪法的承诺，无论我们种族背景如何、我们信仰怎样，我们都是美国大家庭的一员。

在两个多世纪之前，我们就已经做出相关的承诺，所有的人生来平等，他们生来就富有别人无法剥夺的权利，他们有自由，也有追寻幸福的权利。今天我们将会继续这样的一个旅程，把这些词语的意义带入现实，历史告诉我们，也许事实非常的明显，但是事实不会无中生有，我们必须是脚踏实地的。我们的爱国者并不是那些有者任何特权的人所争取来的，他们给我们这样的合众国，给我们一个大家共同作决定的政府，他们相信每一代人都建立在我们祖辈所建立的国家基础之上，200多年来，通过流血、战争，我们这样的国家建立在争取人们自由原则基础上，我们实现了重生，而且准备好向前进。

现代的民主国家需要我们建立强大的基础设施，建立强大的学校，培训我的工人，自由的市场，必须保证公平的竞争才能够得以繁荣发展。作为一个整体，我们的国家必须保护弱者，保护我们的国民免受灾难。我们从没有像现在这样凝聚我们的力量，我们也不会屈服于任何挑战，政府不可能单独完成这样的任务，我们要依赖我们的企业、依赖我们勤奋的人民，这是我们性格的根源。

我们一直以来都知道时代转变的时候，我们必须与时俱进，我们需要承担新的责任，应对新的挑战，为了保证个人的自由，我们必须要共同行动，对于美国人来说，他们不可能单独行动，以保护他们的自由，就好像我们的士兵不能单独行动一样，没有一个单独的人可以培训美国的科学家，可以保证美国孩子们的未来，不可能把我们的工作保护在我们的国土内，这不是一个人能够做到的事情，我们必须作为一个国家、作为一个整体、作为一个民族共同实现这些目标。

这一代美国人受到了很多危机的挑战，而展现出他们强硬的意志，我们已经结束了持续十年的战争，经济的复苏正在开始，美国的前景是前所未有的，因为我们证实我们的年轻人，我们有多元的文化，我们有着强大的能力应对风险、应对挑战，我的美国人们，我们将会迎接挑战，只要我们共同面对挑战，我们就能够应对这些挑战。

我们美国人民知道我们的国家要想取得成功，就不能建立在少数人的基础上。我们相信美国的繁荣必须建立在繁荣的中产阶级的基础上。我们知道每一个人能够找到

在工作上的满足感，使家庭免于受到破产的危机。小女孩出生的时候，知道可以同其他人一样有着平等的机会取得成功，她是自由的、她是平等的，不仅仅在上帝的眼中，也在我们的眼中是平等自由的，只有这样我们才能取得成功。

我们知道我们目前的方案对于现在的需求是不足够的，我们必须有新的技术，使我们的政府重新修改我们的税法，加强我们学校教育的能力，使我们的人民有能力学更多的知识，达到更高的水平，我们的手段必须发生改变，而我们的目标永远不变，我们需要努力，需要每一个美国人的努力，这是我们这一刻的需求，这也是我们这个摇篮真正的意义所在。

我、我们、我们的人民仍然相信每一个公民都应该有着基本的尊严，我们必须做出艰难的决定进行我们债务和我们医疗体系的改革，减少我们的债务，我们相信美国要照看建立我们国家这一代人，同时也为我们子孙后代着想，我们记得过去的经验教训，在贫穷年代，有很多父母没有选择的权利，我相信在这样的国家，并不是那些少数人或者是幸运的人才享有自由，我们必须有权利确定我们的生活，每一个人都是这样，在任何时候都是这样。如果你们面临失业、或者是面临疾病，或者是面临风灾，我们都对彼此有承诺，所有的这一些体系，必须使我们得以加强，必须使我们更加强大，不会使我们成为一个索取的国家，而是让我们富有权力，成为一个更强大的国家。

我们美国人民仍然相信我们的责任不仅仅限于我们自己，而且要扩展到全世界，我们将会应对气候变化的挑战，我们知道如果不这样的话，我们的子孙后代将会因此而受到惩罚。有的人仍在否认气候变化，但是他们也看到了火灾以及风灾，还有旱灾的威力，持续的能源来源，找到这样来源的决定也许非常的艰难，但是我们必须起到领导的作用，我们不能够落后于其他的国家，新的能源将会带来更多的就业，我们必须保住我们承诺，这将会加强我们经济的活力，可以使我们应对更多的挑战，获得新的能源来源，这也是我们保护我们的地球的方法，这将会使我们先辈所创建国土的一个承诺之一，我们美国人民仍然相信加强安全和持续的和平将会减少战争的发生。

我们勇敢的士兵参与到前线的战斗，他们的勇气是无可比拟的，我们的公民心中仍然记得那些牺牲的士兵，他们知道自由的代价是什么，我们所做出的这些牺牲将会使我们永远非常警惕那些企图伤害我们的人们，但是我们寻求的不是战争而是和平，我们要把这些教训带入到现在这个时代，我们会捍卫我们的人民和我们的原则，要通过法治的手段达到这样的目的。我们要和平的实现我的目标，并不是说我们非常天真地应对所面对的挑战。

美国永远是全球加强盟友关系的前锋，我们要应对国内和国外的挑战，使我们成为捍卫和平世界和最强大国家的捍卫者。在中东方面，我们的利益，这也是我们的利

益所在，我们将会为中东的人民争取自由和和平，我们将会保护那些弱者，因为在和平的年代，需要我们不断的延伸我们的价值和原则，为人们争取机遇和他们的尊严。

我们美国人民今天宣布最明显的事实就是我们所有的人都生来平等，这是一直捍卫我们的一个原则，这也是一直指引我们的明星，无论是在这里，还是在世界的任何角落，就像马丁·路德·金所宣布的那样，所有的人都生来平等，都有着共同的梦想。现在是我们这一代人应该持续这些原则的时候，因为我们的路程并没有结束，必须要保证每一个人都生来平等。我们的路程还没有结束，每一个人在法律面前都应该平等，因为这样才能够保证我们认证的生来平等。我们的路程还没有结束，要保证每一个人都有平等选举的权利。我们的路程还没有结束，让我们的移民能够在美国实现他们的梦想，年轻人能够进入到我们的工作队伍当中为我们的国家做出贡献。我们的路程还远没有结束，我们所有的孩子们，从底特律到纽敦，这些孩子都知道他们是我们的宝贝，会获得我们的照顾，会获得安全的环境，这是我们这一代人的任务，是这些权利、这些价值、这些自由和追求幸福的能力，这些都需要我们的行动。我们不可能就每一项事情都达成共识，我们也不可能用同样的方式争取自由，不可能走同样的道路，我们要取得进展，不可能结束持续了上百年的争议，但是我们这一个时代需要我们现在就采取行动。

现在我们必须要做出决定，我们不能够再拖延。我们不能够再做出原则上的妥协，现在我们应该做出合理的讨论，我们现在除了讨论之外还必须做出行动，我们要知道我们的工作也许并不完美，也许我们现在的胜利只是部分的胜利，我们是在这里待四年的时间，但是展望未来的一百年，我们必须承担着祖辈给我们的能量。作为美国民众，今天我在大家面前所做出的宣誓就好像历任总统一样，实现我们国家做出的承诺，我们必须在我们的任期内做出捍卫宪法的工作。实际上我宣誓就职与我们的士兵宣誓入伍或者是移民，宣誓入籍一样，我们的誓言都是向我们头顶的国旗所做出的，以及向我们的内心所做出的，这是一个公民所做出的誓言，代表了我们最大的希望，每一个人、每一个公民都有权利设定我们国家的道路，你和我都是公民，有责任塑造我们目前的讨论，我们通过这样的讨论才能够加强我们持续几代人的承诺。现在我们必须承担我们神圣的责任，也是我们生来就富有的权利，我们要充满热情、充满坚定意志的响应历史的号召，捍卫我们的自由。

篇3：奥巴马就职演讲的批评话语分析

“批评性话语分析是旨在把语言和语言使用与其意识形态意义联系起来的一种分析。语言并非仅仅是一种客观的传播媒介, 也是一种社会实践;语言不仅反映社会现实, 也是社会过程的介入力量。” (The N ews Journal, 2003) 因此, 批评性话语分析本质上是对语篇特别是大众语篇和官方话语进行的一种社会分析, 以提高读者对语言的敏感程度, 使他们认识到语言和现代社会生活之间微妙的关系以及语言运用和不平等的社会权力关系之间错综复杂的联系, 促使读者实现批评阅读 (critical reading) , 增强他们对大众语篇的反控制意识。

批评话语分析要求把语言作为一个多功能的系统, 因此, Halliday的系统功能语言学自然成了其主要的理论基础和方法来源。 (辛斌, 2005) 系统功能语法是一种比其他理论更适合于语篇分析的理论, 黄国文 (2001) 认为, 我们在分析语篇时完全可以用这种理论进行指导。Halliday将语言所能完成的具有无限可能性的功能抽象概括为三大语言元功能, 即概念功能 (ideational function) 、人际功能 (interpersonal function) 和语篇功能 (textual function) (徐珺, 2005) 。概念功能, 指语言用于表达说话者的内部经验, 世界及其各事物之间的逻辑关系的功能, 主要由及物 (transitivity) 系统来实现 (王冬梅, 2008) 。人际功能, 是指能表达作者 (讲话者) 的身份、地位、态度、动机以及他 (她) 对事物的推断的功能, 它直接与态度、观点等相关, 是一条展示意识形态作用的捷径。另外, 在语篇上, 名词化的过程隐藏了参与者和情态的成分, 减少了行为成分, 使客观性更强。修辞的应用也是政治演讲文本的一个重要特点, 不仅保证了政治演讲的流畅与生动, 还增加了文本的说服力。

本文将从及物性、人称代词的选择、情态系统, 语篇的修辞等方面, 对奥巴马就职演讲进行批评性话语分析。从中我们可以看到奥巴马是如何利用语言为其政治目的服务, 劝说美国的民众接受其宣扬的意识形态的。

2 奥巴马诺贝尔和平奖演讲分析

美国民主党总统候选人贝拉克·奥巴马在2008年11月4日举行的总统选举中击败共和党对手约翰·麦凯恩, 当选第56届美国总统。他是美国历史上首位非洲裔总统。本文以他的就职演说为语料, 在批评话语分析理论框架下, 根据语篇的具体特征, 选择性地分析及物性, 情态系统, 人称代词以及语篇修辞特点。

2.1 及物性

及物性 (transitivity) 是概念功能的一部分, 是以交代各种过程及其有关的参与者和环境成分来反映语言的概念功能, 其中物质过程、心理过程和关系过程是最常见的三种表示概念功能的过程。物质过程是表示做某件事的过程, 它有两个参与者:“动作者” (actor) 和“目标” (goal) ;心理过程是表示“感觉” (sensing) 的心理活动的过程, 一般有两个参与者:心理活动的主体“感觉者” (senser) 和客体即被感知的“现象” (phenomenon) ;关系过程是指反映事物之间处于任何关系的过程, 可分为“归属性关系过程” (attributive) 和“限定性关系过程” (descriptive) , 前者对事物进行描写, 后者对事物进行限定。

在演讲中, 奥巴马主要采用了物质过程和关系过程这两种及物性系统。在谈及如何重建美国经济和政治霸主的地位时, 奥巴马选择了对行为进行描述的物质过程:

(1) On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

(2) Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.以上各句中的动词, “proclaim”, “pick”, “dust”, “begin”属于物质动词, 表明了奥巴马的决心, 并表明他将和美国民众一起, 改善美国现有的政治管理制度, 重拾信心, 共建全新美国。而及物性系统中的关系过程是进行评价或判断最直接的方式 (Hodge & Kress, 1979) , 如以下各句中由系动词连接名词词组或形容词形成的关系过程。

(3) Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.

(4) Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

第三句中的“real”, “serious”, “many”是对于美国现在所面临的“challenges”的限定。第四句中的“sapping”, “nagging”则描述了美国民众所面临的信仰危机, 表明了当前局势的严重性。关系过程中一般现在时的使用增强了评价和界定的客观性。奥巴马选用这种概念过程和时态, 是想证明自己所言是普遍认可的事实, 并没有夹杂着个人的主观因素。从而, 让听众认识到美国目前所面临的问题是十分严峻的。

2.2 情态系统

系统功能语言学 (Halliday, 1994 /2000) 认为, 人们在交际过程中, 除了表达肯定和否定的两极之外, 还有介于两者之间的可能性, 即“中间状态”, 即“情态” (modality) 。情态是说话人对某个命题或提议的态度、看法, 表现了说话人的意愿或判断。全文共有单词2369个, 其中情态动词62个, 各种情态动词的使用频率如下:

但情态本身也有等级之分。情态量值分布最明显地体现在情态操作词上。通过对情态的高、中、低量值的区分, 可以看出说话者语气的轻重。当否定词在命题和情态之间转换时, 情态的高、低量值会发生逆转。要表达相对肯定的态度时采用的是高量值的情态词, 反之则使用低量值的情态词。情态词量值分布如下:

从统计数字可以看出, 奥巴马这篇演讲中用得最多的是中情态词, 共23个, 占全文情态动词的37%;高情态词, 共8个, 占全文情态动词的13%;低情态词, 共31个, 占全文情态动词的50%。这是就职演讲, 奥巴马不必使用太过激烈的情态, 只要表明自己的理念, 指出以后努力的方向。中, 低情态词的使用可以使自己的主张不带有强制的色彩, 使信息更容易被听众所接受, 从而增加了信息被听众认可的机会, 也可以避免遭受听众的批评和挑战。另外值得注意的是, 在中情态动词中, will又是演讲稿中用得最多的, 有19个之多, 占所有情态词的31%。will用于第一人称后表示决心。通过对will出现的语境的分析发现:will几乎都是刻画新总统对美国民众的承诺和未来工作的艰巨。这可以反映出奥巴马对前途所做出的主观判断, 以此来影响受众, 让他们感觉美国明天的任务很艰巨, 支持新总统的工作显得十分必要。低情态词中, 使用最多的是“can”。其大量使用使他在表达自己的执政决心和承诺时更加游刃有余。但奥巴马在这篇演讲中也使用了高情态动词“must”8次, 表示他的主观取向, 强调了美国可以而且必须取得成功, 以此来迎合美国民众的心理, 拉近与受众的距离。同时, “must”也传达出一种强制的态度, 这样总统话语权的权威化也表现得更加清楚了。

2.3 人称代词

语篇的人际元功能关注的是篇章作者和篇章意图中的读者的互动关系, 即说话人用语言表达自己的态度, 并影响听者的态度和行为。如对何人使用何种称谓, 体现着作者 (讲话者) 的态度。情态是人际功能的体现形式之一, 主观情态反映话语生成者与陈述的亲近性, 而客观情态则模糊了个体与团体的观点。在英语里, 除了情态动词、情态形容词和情态副词之外, 人称代词、实义动词、时态、直接、间接引语都可表达情态意义 (辛斌, 2005) 。政治家在演讲中非常善于运用第一人称和第二人称代词增强语言的感染力, 调节与受众之间的心理距离 (Maitland & Wilson, 1987) 。本文着重分析人际功能中的人称代词在奥巴马就职演讲中的使用。

人称代词在英语政治语篇中的应用很广泛。Beard (参见The News Journal, 2003) 指出, 政治家和他们的撰稿人对演讲中使用什么代词颇费脑汁;他们自己准备承担多大的责任;成功后他们愿意和同事分担多大的责任;他们有多大把握相信公众接受他们的观点;以及失败后他们自己准备承担多少责任。这些功能都要靠代词来实现。获胜演讲中使用的人称代词如下:

分析演讲稿我们不难发现, 在描述未来执政路上的艰难和总统的承诺的时候, 其大量使用“we” (共计61次) , “us” (22次) , “our” (67次) , “you”/“your” (共15次) , 使受众感觉到自己就是那个“you”, 不自觉地和新总统开始对话, 使受众更能体会未来的艰辛, 也增加了受众的主人翁意识, 受众和总统间的距离不自觉拉近了。奥巴马通过“we”与“I”的成功置换, 达到了“前面的路还很长很艰辛, 我需要你们的参与”的效果, 从而树立了一个锐意改革, 人民至上的新一代美国领导人形象。

2.4 修辞

“演讲者借助修辞获得支持, 最终获得政治权威 (political power) ” (郭秀梅, 1984) 。这里, “说服”将修辞与政治连在了一起, 因为政治语言的目的之一就是“说服”。因此, 演讲辞中的修辞功能不可忽视。在奥巴马的就职演讲中, 最常见的修辞形式就是排比:

(1) For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. (为了我们, 先辈们带着微薄的细软, 横渡大洋, 寻找新生活;为了我们, 先辈们忍辱负重, 用血汗浇铸工厂;为了我们, 先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作, 定居他乡;为了我们, 先辈们奔赴 (独立战争中的) 康科德城和葛底斯堡、 (二战中的) 诺曼底、 (越战中的) Khe Sahn, 他们征战、死去。)

(2) Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. (同危机初露端倪之时相比, 美国人民的生产力依然旺盛;与上周、上个月或者去年相比, 我们的头脑依然富于创造力, 我们的商品和服务依然很有市场, 我们的实力不曾削弱。)

排比句的使用, 显得演讲结构紧凑。在表达对先烈的敬意时, 慷慨激昂, 在传达对美国社会, 对民众的信心的时候, 语气坚定有力掷地有声。

参考文献

[1]黄国文.功能语篇分析纵横谈[J].外语与外语教学, 2001, (12) :1-4.

[2]郭秀梅.实用英语修辞学[M].南京:江苏人民出版社, 1984.

[3]王冬梅.批评性话语分析的理论来源及主要方法[J].重庆科技学院学报 (社会科学版) , 2008, (8) .

篇4：奥巴马第二次就职演讲

【关键词】竞选演讲 评价理论 态度 介入 级差

一、引言

评价理论是人际意义的重要组成部分，旨在探究描述如何运用语言评价解释和编排原文中的人际关系和人际地位，主要关注用于协调社会关系的语言资源和态度的表达。

政治演讲是演讲者针对目前的政治情况，阐明自己的立场、观点和政策而发表的演讲。它以口述的书面语的形式，运用显性或隐含的评价手段反映演讲者对语篇所传达的话语信息的价值判断。这些价值判断及其体现手段就构成了演讲语篇的评价资源，而评价资源又反映了演说者的立场、观点和态度。

二、评价理论

评价理论是Martin 在韩礼德系统功能语言学基础上提出的理论，是在语篇语义学层面表达人际意义的三个系统之一。该理论包括态度（attitude）、介入（engagement）以及级差（graduation）三大系统。态度系统是指人们参照情感反应或文化制约下的价值体系对参与者和过程进行主体间性评价的意义资源。介入系统关涉到言语进行人际或概念意义的协商方式，而级差系统则指态度的强弱。

三、奥巴马竞选演讲的人际语篇分析

1.态度系统。态度系统是三大系统中最重要的内容。其中的情感是指对事物的情感反应的表达。评判是根据一系列制度化的规范对人们的行为作出评价的意义资源，它分为社会许可和社会尊严。鉴赏则是对事物，产品的评价。其包括反应、组成和评估三大子范畴。

（1）情感。竞选演讲是极具说服力和表达自己内心情感的政治演讲。它需要演讲者通过丰富的感情表达来拉近与国民的距离，引起与群众的共鸣。在奥巴马第二次竞选成功的演讲中，有很多表达奥巴马情感的例子。如：Tonight， in this election， you， the American people， reminded us that while our road has been hard， while our journey has been long， we have picked ourselves up， we have fought our way back， and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America， the best is yet to come.这一段则表达了奥巴马对国家美好未来积极乐观的情感态度。道路虽然艰辛，但前途是光明的，奥巴马有信心带领人们去创造美好的未来。起到了鼓舞人心的作用。

（2）评判。判断系统是对人的道德伦理和行为的评价，它对应伦理语义范畴。可分为社会尊严（social esteem）和社会许可（social sanction）。社会尊严是对一个人社会尊严的评判。社会许可牵涉某些规定或规则。在奥巴马的就职演讲中有众多牵涉此方面的句子。如：Americas never been about what can be done for us； its about what can be done by us together， through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self government.该例子当中“can”一词为社会能力的积极评判，告诉国民政府就是为国民做事的。它表达了虽然可能困难重重，奥巴马有能力也有信心为国民做好一切。

（3）鉴别。别是评价产品和过程的系统。在奥巴马的竞选成功后的演讲中，正面的鉴赏一般涉及对国家所拥有的一切的赞美和对美好未来的憧憬，而负面的鉴赏一般是当前国家所面临的种种困难。如：We want to pass on a country thats safe and respected and admired around the world， a nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this…… 本段话中的“strongest”“best”等都是对美国现在拥有强有力军事和军队的赞誉。同时也给予了民众极大的自信。

2.介入系统。介入资源的目的是说明信息的来源和说话者对所说信息的确定程度和愿意承担多大的责任。该系统分为自言和借言。言辞来源于说话者本身的为自言，而具有多声性、对话性的称为借言。借言又分为缩约和扩展。

3.级差。级差来源于态度和介入的强弱。该系统包括语势和聚焦，表现为语势的增强/上扬或减弱/下降以及聚焦的明显或模糊实现。一般说来，在政治演讲中，语势资源的分布要广于聚焦资源的分布。而在语势资源中，语势的增强多于语势的减弱，以此，演讲者来表明自己的立场，树立自己的权威，增强了情感的表达，同时也增强了演讲的说服力。

本文是奥巴马竞选成功后发表的演讲，所以感情的表达一定是淋漓尽致的。同时作为一次政治演讲，强烈的感召力也是必不可少的。奥巴马旨在表明自己的观点，争取民心。文章运用了大量的强调词，表达了奥巴马对自己国家和人民的感情以及自己坚定的政治立场。

四、结语

本文从评价理论的态度，介入，级差三个方面对2012年奥巴马竞选成功后的演讲进行了语篇的分析，从而揭示了政治演讲的特征和其独特的魅力。从评价理论看：优秀的演讲的态度资源非常丰富，表现出丰富的情感，引起与群众的共鸣。通过分析奥巴马的演讲，本次研究将会给相关学者在研究评价理论方面一定的启示，但本文亦有不足之处，如缺乏一定的数据支持，需要进一步讨论和改正。

参考文献：

[1]常晨光.评价意义的韵律性分析[J].北京科技大学学报，2008， （3）.

[2]房红梅.论评价理论对系统功能语言学的发展[J].现代外语，2014，（3）.

篇5：奥巴马第二任就职演讲译文

Vice President Biden, Mr.Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:

拜登副总统，首席大法官先生，美国国会的议员们，尊贵的嘉宾们，公民们：

Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution.We affirm the promise of our democracy.We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names.What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:

每一次我们聚聚在这里目睹一个总统就职，我们都见证了我们的宪法的持久强大。我们恪守了民主的承诺。我们回顾了统一我们这个国家的纽带不是我们的肤色或我们信仰的教义或我们名字的起源。使我们独一无二的—使我们成为美国人的—是我们对两百多年前的独立宣言中阐述的一个理想的忠诚：

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”

“我们坚信这些真理是不言而喻的，即人人平等，他们被造物主赋予了特有的不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生活、自由和追求幸福的权利。”

Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time.For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing;that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth.The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob.They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.今天我们继续一个永无止境的旅途，在这些箴言的内涵和我们时代的现实之间架起一座桥梁。因为历史告诉我们尽管这些真理是不言而喻的，但是他们也从来不是自动执行；尽管自由是上帝的恩赐，它只能由他的世俗子民来捍卫。1776年的爱国者们不是为了取代一个少数人拥有特权或对暴民管制的专制君王而战斗。他们给予我们一个共和国，一个民有、民治、民享的政府，这个政府代代依靠人民维护我们的立国之本。

For more than two hundred years, we have.在我们过去的两百多年里。

Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free.We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.通过皮鞭棍棒的伤痕和刀光剑影的血泊，我们得知我们建立在自由和平等的基础上的联邦不能在一半是奴隶制一半是自由社会的状态下生存。我们自我更新，共同前进。

Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce;schools and colleges to train our workers.我们共同确立了一个信念，现代经济需要铁路和高速公路来为旅行和商业提速；需要学校和大学培养我们的劳动者。

Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.我们共同发现了一个真理，市场经济只能在保护竞争和公平竞赛的一系列规则下繁荣。

Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune.我们共同许下一个诺言，伟大的国家必须关爱弱势群体，保护她的人民度过生活中最恶劣的灾难和厄运。

Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone.Our celebration of initiative and enterprise;our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.经历了所有这些，我们出来没有放弃对中央集权的质疑，也没有屈从于所有社会顽疾都可以有政府自己解决的幻想。我们对主动性和进取心的推崇；我们对勤奋工作和匹夫有责的坚持是我们不变的秉性。

But we have always understood that when times change, so must we;that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges;that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action.For the American people can no more meet the demands of today’s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias.No single person can train all the math and science teachers we’ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores.Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people.但是我们永远牢记时代变迁，我们也要改变；对我们立国之本的忠诚要求我们面对新挑战采取新对策；维护我们个人的自由最终要求我们共同行动。因为美国人民如同美国军人能够战胜武装起来的法西斯主义或共产主义势力已及各种武装分子一样能够满足当今世界的要求。没有哪一个人能培养出我们需要的所有数学和科学老师来教育我们服务未来的孩子们，或建设道路和网络和实验室，把新的就业岗位和新企业带回我国。现在，我们比以往任何时候都需要作为一个国家，一个民族，共同合作来完成这些。

This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience.A decade of war is now ending.An economic recovery has begun.America’s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive;diversity and openness;an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention.My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.我们这一代美国人已经经受了一系列危机的考验，这些危机锤炼了我们的决心，证明了我们的坚韧。耗时十年的战争即将结束。经济复兴已经开始。美国的可能是无限的，因为我们拥有这个世界需要的放之四海而皆准的所有素质：年轻自强；多元开放；无限的应对危机的能力和自我更新的天赋。同胞们，我们为了这个机会而生，我们要抓住它—只要我们共同抓住它。

For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it.We believe that America’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class.We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work;when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship.We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own.因为我们—人民，我们深知我们的国家不可能在日益减少的少数人富得流油而日益增长的多数人仅仅维持生计的前提下成功。我们相信美国的繁荣必须建立在日益增长的中产阶级的宽阔肩膀上。我们知道美国因每个人都能在他们的工作中找到独立和骄傲而兴旺；因诚实的劳动者的工资能使他们的家庭摆脱艰难困苦而兴旺。我们忠于我们的信条，这个信条让一个出生在赤贫家庭的女孩相信她有与其他人相同的成功机会，因为她是美国人，她自由，她平等，不仅是在上帝的眼里，而是在我们自己的眼里。

We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time.We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, reach higher.But while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American.That is what this moment requires.That is what will give real meaning to our creed.我们深知过时的项目不能满足我们时代的需要。我们必须吸纳新思想和新技术来重建我们的政府，完善我们的税法，改革我们的学校，给我们的公民们更加努力工作，学习和达到更高境界所需要的技能。尽管方法日新月异，但是我们的目的始终如一：一个鼓励每个美国人的决心和努力的国家。这是这个时刻要求的。这赋予我们的信条实际意义。

We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity.We must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit.But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future.For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn.We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few.We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm.The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative;they strengthen us.They do not make us a nation of takers;they free us to take the risks that make this country great.我们—人民，仍然相信每个公民应该得到基本的安全和尊严。我们必须做出减少医保成本和赤字规模的艰难决定。但是我们绝不相信美国必须在关爱建设这个国家的一代与投资于建设这个国家的未来的一代之间取舍。因为我们牢记过去的教训，多少黑暗的年景在贫困中度过，多少带着一个孩子的残疾父母不知道明天如何过。我们不相信在这个国家，自由只属于幸运儿，或幸福只属于少数人。我们认识到不管我们如何负责任地生活，我们中的每个人，在任何时候，都可能面对失业，或突然生病，或一场风暴之后家产灰飞烟灭。我们给每个人的承诺是—通过医保，医疗救助，已经社保—这些东西不会蚕食我们的主动性；它们使我们更强。它们没有把我们变成一个索取的国家；它们让我们自由地应对危机使这个国家更伟大。

We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity.We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations.Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms.The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult.But America cannot resist this transition;we must lead it.We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries – we must claim its promise.That’s how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure – our forests and waterways;our croplands and snowcapped peaks.That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God.That’s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared.我们—人民，仍然相信我们作为美国人不仅仅对自己有责任，而是对所有子孙有责任。我们将应对气候变化的危险，因为我们深知不这样我们就辜负了我们的子孙后代。有些人可能仍然不相信这个压倒性科学判断，但是谁也不能对暴虐的大火，恼人的干旱和越来越凶猛的风暴。通往能源可持续的道路必将漫长崎岖。但是美国不能阻挠这个转变；我们必须引领这个转变。我们不能把助推新工作和新行业的技术领域拱手让给其它国家—我们必须抢占希望的高地。我们将这样维系我们经济的活力和我们国家的财富—我们的深林和航路；我们的耕地和雪山。我们将这样保护我们的地球，得到上帝的厚爱。这将是我们赋予我们父辈宣称的信条的意义。

We, the people, still believe that enduring security and lasting peace do not require perpetual war.Our brave men and women in uniform, tempered by the flames of battle, are unmatched in skill and courage.Our citizens, seared by the memory of those we have lost, know too well the price that is paid for liberty.The knowledge of their sacrifice will keep us forever vigilant against those who would do us harm.But we are also heirs to those who won the peace and not just the war, who turned sworn enemies into the surest of friends, and we must carry those lessons into this time as well.我们—人民，仍然相信持久的太平盛世不需要连年征战。我们勇敢的男女军人们经历了战火的砺炼，其战技和勇气雄冠全球。我们的公民，经历了失去亲人的记忆的煎熬，太理解我们为了自由付出的代价了。对他们的牺牲的缅怀使我们永远警惕那些企图危害我们的家伙们。但是我们还是赢得了和平而不仅是战争的人民的后代，把我们的穷凶极恶的敌人变成推心置腹的朋友的人们的后代，我们还必须把这些教训传给当代。

We will defend our people and uphold our values through strength of arms and rule of law.We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other nations peacefully – not because we are naive about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more durably lift suspicion and fear.America will remain the anchor of strong alliances in every corner of the globe;and we will renew those institutions that extend our capacity to manage crisis abroad, for no one has a greater stake in a peaceful world than its most powerful nation.We will support democracy from Asia to Africa;from the Americas to the Middle East, because our interests and our conscience compel us to act on behalf of those who long for freedom.And we must be a source of hope to the poor, the sick, the marginalized, the victims of prejudice – not out of mere charity, but because peace in our time requires the constant advance of those principles that our common creed describes: tolerance and opportunity;human dignity and justice.我们将依靠我们武力的强大法律的规范来保卫我们的人民和维系我们的价值。我们将彰显我们与其它国家和平合作应对和解决我们的困难的勇气—不是因为我们对我们面对的危险麻木不仁，而是因为团结一心可以永远驱除怀疑和恐惧。美国将永远是世界上每个角落的强大联盟的中流砥柱；我们将更新扩展我们应对境外危机的能力的法规，因为一个国家在一个和平的世界的利害关系与在其强大的国内的利害关系是相同的。我们将支持从亚洲到非洲；从美洲到中东的民主国家，因为我们的志趣和我们的良知驱使我们为那些一直渴望自由的人们的利益而挺身而出。我们必须成为穷人、病人、被边缘化的人们和偏见受害者们的希望之源—不仅仅是出于慈悲，而是我们时代的和平要求我们的共同信条规划的原则发扬光大：宽容和机会；人类尊严和公正。

We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths – that all of us are created equal – is the star that guides us still;just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall;just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone;to hear a King proclaim that our individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth.我们—人民，今天宣布那个最不言而喻的真理—我们人人平等—是仍然指引我们的北斗星；如同它指引我们的先辈走过Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall;如同它指引所有这些男男女女们，知名的和默默无闻的，在这个庄严的大厅留下他们的足迹，聆听一个传教士疾呼我们不能单打独斗；聆听马丁路德金宣布我们的自由与地球上每个人的自由都有千丝万缕的联系。

It is now our generation’s task to carry on what those pioneers began.For our journey is not complete until our wives, our mothers, and daughters can earn a living equal to their efforts.Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well.Our journey is not complete until no citizen is forced to wait for hours to exercise the right to vote.Our journey is not complete until we find a better way to welcome the striving, hopeful immigrants who still see America as a land of opportunity;until bright young students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce rather than expelled from our country.Our journey is not complete until all our children, from the streets of Detroit to the hills of Appalachia to the quiet lanes of Newtown, know that they are cared for, and cherished, and always safe from harm.现在传承我们的先辈开启的事业成了我们这一代的使命。因为只要我们的妻子们，我们的母亲们，我们的女儿们还没有获得与她们的努力相称的收入，我们的旅程就不能结束。只要我们的同性恋兄弟姐妹还没有被法律与其他人同等对待我们的旅程就不能结束—因为如果我们人人平等，我们互相倾注的爱就应该也平等。只要还有公民被迫等待几个小时才能履行他们的选举权我们的旅程就不能结束。只要我们还没有找到更好的方法欢迎那些视美国为机会的乐土的勤奋的、充满希望的移民，只要那些朝气蓬勃的青年学生和工程师还没有被录用而是被驱逐出境，我们的旅程就不能结束。只要我们的所有孩子们，从底特律的大街到Appalachia的山麓到纽顿城寂静的小巷，还没有感到他们受到关爱，珍惜和远离危险，我们的旅程就不能结束。

That is our generation’s task – to make these words, these rights, these values – of Life, and Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – real for every American.Being true to our founding documents does not require us to agree on every contour of life;it does not mean we all define liberty in exactly the same way, or follow the same precise path to happiness.Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time – but it does require us to act in our time.把这些关于生活、自由和追求幸福的权利的箴言、权利和价值变成每个美国人的现实成了我们这一代的使命。忠于我们的立国宪法不总是要求我们符合生活的轨迹；它不意味着我们把自由都按同一模式定义，或许沿袭同一条通往幸福的康庄大道。进步不强迫我们永远解决几个世纪以来的关于政府职能的争论—但是它的确要求我们在我们的时代有所作为。

For now decisions are upon us, and we cannot afford delay.We cannot mistake absolutism for principle, or substitute spectacle for politics, or treat name-calling as reasoned debate.We must act, we must act knowing that our work will be imperfect.We must act, knowing that today’s victories will be only partial, and that it will be up to those who stand here in four years, and forty years, and four hundred years hence to advance the timeless spirit once conferred to us in a spare Philadelphia hall.现在决策大任落到了我们头上，我们不能再等待了。我们不能误把绝对主义当做原则，或用投机取代政策，或把骂人当做理性争论。我们必须行动，我们必须行动而且必须认识到我们的工作不可能完美无缺。我们必须行动，而且认识到今天的胜利仅仅是我们历史长河的一部分，今后将由站在这里四年，四十年，四百年的人们推进那在费城大厅赋予我们的超越时代的精神。

My fellow Americans, the oath I have sworn before you today, like the one recited by others who serve in this Capitol, was an oath to God and country, not party or faction – and we must faithfully execute that pledge during the duration of our service.But the words I spoke today are not so different from the oath that is taken each time a soldier signs up for duty, or an immigrant realizes her dream.My oath is not so different from the pledge we all make to the flag that waves above and that fills our hearts with pride.我的同胞们，我今天在你们面前许下的誓言，如同其他在帝国大厦里尽职的其他人的一样，是上帝和国家的誓言，不是政党和派别的誓言—我们必须在我们的任期内忠实地履行这个誓言。但是我今天许下的誓言与每次士兵报名参战时，或一个移民实现了她的梦想时许下的誓言没什么不同。我的誓言与我们对着带给我们骄傲的高高飘扬的国旗许下的誓言没什么不同。

They are the words of citizens, and they represent our greatest hope.You and I, as citizens, have the power to set this country’s course.You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our time – not only with the votes we cast, but with the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enduring ideals.它们是公民们的心声，代表着我们的宏伟希望。我和你，作为公民，有权力决定这个国家的前进路线。

我和你，作为公民，有义务规范我们时代的辩论—不仅仅用我们的选票，而且还用我们维护我们的最悠久价值和最永恒的理想的声音。

Let each of us now embrace, with solemn duty and awesome joy, what is our lasting birthright.With common effort and common purpose, with passion and dedication, let us answer the call of history, and carry into an uncertain future that precious light of freedom.让我们每个人现在都带着庄严的使命和极大的喜悦，拥抱永恒的与生俱来的权利。带着共同的努力和目的，带着共同的激情和奉献，让我们相应历史的召唤，把自由的金色光芒带到未知的未来。

篇6：克林顿第二次就职演讲

At this last presidential inauguration of the 20th century, let us lift our eyes toward the challenges that await us in the next century.It is our great good fortune that time and chance have put us not only at the edge of a new century, in a new millennium, but on the edge of a bright new prospect in human affairs--a moment that will define our course, and our character, for decades to come.We must keep our old democracy forever young.Guided by the ancient vision of a promised land, let us set our sights upon a land of new promise.The promise of America was born in the 18th century out of the bold conviction that we are all created equal.It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the awful scourge of slavery.Then, in turmoil and triumph, that promise exploded onto the world stage to make this the American Century.And what a century it has been.America became the world s mightiest industrial power;saved the world from tyranny in two world wars and a long cold war;and time and again, reached out across the globe to millions who, like us, longed for the blessings of liberty.Along the way, Americans produced a great middle class and security in old age;built unrivaled centers of learning and opened public schools to all;split the atom and explored the heavens;invented the computer and the microchip;and deepened the wellspring of justice by making a revolution in civil rights for African Americans and all minorities, and extending the circle of citizenship, opportunity and dignity to women.Now, for the third time, a new century is upon us, and another time to choose.We began the 19th century with a choice, to spread our nation from coast to coast.We began the 20th century with a choice, to harness the Industrial Revolution to our values of free enterprise, conservation, and human decency.Those choices made all the difference.At the dawn of the 21st century a free people must now choose to shape the forces of the Information Age and the global society, to unleash the limitless potential of all our people, and, yes, to form a more perfect union.When last we gathered, our march to this new future seemed less certain than it does today.We vowed then to set a clear course to renew our nation.In these four years, we have been touched by tragedy, exhilarated by challenge, strengthened by achievement.America

stands alone as the world s in

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dispensable nation.Once again, our economy is the strongest on Earth.Once again, we are building stronger families, thriving communities, better educational opportunities, a cleaner environment.Problems that once seemed destined to deepen now bend to our efforts: our streets are safer and record numbers of our fellow citizens have moved from welfare to work.And once again, we have resolved for our time a great debate over the role of government.Today we can declare: Government is not the problem, and government is not the solution.We--the American people--we are the solution.(Applause.)Our founders understood that well and gave us a democracy strong enough to endure for centuries, flexible enough to face our common challenges and advance our common dreams in each new day.As times change, so government must change.We need a new government for a new century--humble enough not to try to solve all our problems for us, but strong enough to give us the tools to solve our problems for ourselves;a government that is smaller, lives within its means, and does more with less.Yet where it can stand up for our values and interests in the world, and where it can give Americans the power to make a real difference in their everyday lives, government should do more, not less.The preeminent mission of our new government is to give all Americans an opportunity--not a guarantee, but a real opportunity--to build better lives.(Applause.)

Beyond that, my fellow citizens, the future is up to us.Our founders taught us that the preservation of our liberty and our union depends upon responsible citizenship.And we need a new sense of responsibility for a new century.There is work to do, work that government alone cannot do: teaching children to read;hiring people off welfare rolls;coming out from behind locked doors and shuttered windows to help reclaim our streets from drugs and gangs and crime;taking time out of our own lives to serve others.Each and every one of us, in our own way, must assume personal

responsibility--not only for ourselves and our families, but for our neighbors and our nation.(Applause.)Our greatest responsibility is to embrace a new spirit of community for a new century.For any one of us to succeed, we must succeed as one

America.The challenge of our past remains the challenge of our future--will we be one nation, one people, with one common destiny, or not? Will we all come together, or come apart?