考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

2024-04-08

考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略(精选8篇)

篇1:考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

考研英语小作文要求考生根据所给情景写作约100次(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。认为小作文重点是信函,信函主要有:求职信、投诉信、邀请信、订购信、询问信、感谢信、道歉信、推荐信等八种,专家提醒考生而在这八种信函中前五种是重点。

英语小作文写作格式(资料来源 思睿厦大考研网)

英语小作文的一般都可分为三段,同学们在写作的时候要注意开头和结尾。从第一段中就可得知是何种类型的小作文,说的什么问题。在称呼上,如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如,DearSirorMadam;如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如,DearMr.xx或DearMs.xx;对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名。

正文格式一般格式为首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行;现在流行的格式,每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。考生在格式方面可以根据自己的习惯进行选择。只要让阅卷人看得舒服,且完全符合应用文要求的文体就可以。

最有一段一般是回应第一段,或者再次表达感谢,期待回复等。简练在特别注意的。最后一段不需要含有很多的信息点,侧重固定词语的运用。

英语小作文写作策略

1,求职信首先要标明信息来源,说明自己的写作意图,然后介绍自己的工作经历,学习经历,以及自己对该职业的看法和规划等,并证明自己能够胜任该职位。

2,投诉信主要写明自己投诉的原因,并展开论述该问题的具体情况和对自己造成的损失,最后表达对上述问题需要及时得到解决的强烈愿望。

3,邀请信开篇表明写作意图,向某人发出邀请。然后说明邀请的具体原因,邀请的内容。最后表明强烈的期盼,并希望尽快得到答复。

4,订购信开篇点出写信的目的,定购你要的东西。接着详细说明你订购货物的规格、大小、颜色、尺寸等。最后表示对方回函以便确认。

5.询问信首先明确写信的目的,说明写这封信的目的是寻求某信息或帮助。然后询问具体问题,强调所需信息的重要性。最后表达获取信息的强烈愿望,提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系,并对有关人员表示感谢。

同学们在写小作文的时候还要注意简化描述语言。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候,应该检查、修改,以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。

篇2:考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

英语小作文的一般都可分为三段,同学们在写作的时候要注意开头和结尾。从第一段中就可得知是何种类型的小作文,说的什么问题。在称呼上,如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如,DearSirorMadam;如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如,DearMr.xx或DearMs.xx;对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名。

正文格式一般格式为首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行;现在流行的格式,每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。考生在格式方面可以根据自己的习惯进行选择。只要让阅卷人看得舒服,且完全符合应用文要求的文体就可以。

最有一段一般是回应第一段,或者再次表达感谢,期待回复等。简练在特别注意的。最后一段不需要含有很多的信息点,侧重固定词语的运用。

篇3:考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

近几年来,从学生高考作文得分来看,平均分提高不大,高分甚少。造成这个现象的主要原因是,虽然大部分高三学生在高三第二轮复习之后,基本上能够准确地表达出作文中的要点,但只会“基础写作”,不会“高级写作”;所以笔者在本文要提倡的就是让学生学会“高级写作”——要求使用高级词汇和复杂句型来改进、提升作文。针对学生在写作中存在的一些常见问题,如:缺乏高级词汇,语法结构单一,不能灵活使用复合句、固定句式等来表达相关联的信息点等,进行对症下药的诊疗。

为了提升作文分数,首先要让学生知道近几年高考英语书面表达的评分标准中第五档的要求:“覆盖了所有内容要点;应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些错误,但为了尽量使用较复杂句型或较高级词汇所致;有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑;完全达到了预期的目的。”从上述第五档要求中我们可以看出复杂句型或较高级词汇的运用是提高书面表达档次的重要标志。而且新出台的书面表达评分标准,鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇,并对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度,即如果学生注意到并且做到这点要求,则将很容易地从“基础写作”过渡到“高级写作”,也就是说,能提高文章档次,大大提高作文成绩。

笔者以自身上课过程作为一个案例,采用“温二模”学生作文为载体,有针对地对该载体中属于常见的问题进行剖析,并加以改进、提升,通过讲练结合,灵活应用演绎和归纳,让学生学以致用,从而使学生具有尽量使用较高级词汇和复杂句型的意识和能力。

二、案例描述与剖析

1. Lead-in

T:Today,we'll talk something about writing.Atfirst,let's have a look at this passage.Are you familiar with it?What do you think of it?Which level can it belong to,according to the requirements?Right,it can’t belong to the 5th level?Why?What needs improving?

Conserving Energy in Daily Life(温二模某一位学生的作文)

From the chart,we learn that 45%of the students havethe habit of saving electricity and 35%of them use paper well.Fewest students realize that water is a very serious problem.Only 20%of the students care about saving water.From the figures,the students’awareness of conserving energy is rather low.

I think,energy is very limited.We can’t afford to waste it.We should prevent water from running when we are brushing teeth or taking a bath.Besides,we should turn off lights and electrical appliances before we are leaving.Finally,it,s important to recycle every piece of paper for further use.We can protect our home only in this way.

Remember that every little contribution counts!

输入:这是笔者在高三二轮复习备考会上的一节公开课,由于此时学生刚刚经历温二模考试,对于作文比较有体会,所以笔者引导学生对一篇温二模作文按高考作文评分要求进行档次评判,此时可以介绍高考作文评分标准。让学生知道最高评分档次的要求,让学生了解,想让文章写好,写完美,使文章耐人寻味,有深度、上档次。他们不仅要准确使用语法和词汇,而且要使用一定的高级句型和词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。如何才能做到?自然过渡到下个环节。

2. In put

T:According to the requirement of the 5th level,weshould learn to use advanced phrases and good sentence patterns.How?Would you read the passage again and find out some phrases or sentences that need improving?(让学生自己先找找。)

T:I have found some.Let’s improve them together.(老师再呈现需要改进的句子。)

输入:笔者以温二模某一位学生作文为载体,根据学生在写作中常见的问题——总结为以下五点,以高考作文评分标准为指导,进行一一改进,讲练结合,让学生学以致用。

1)短语替词,使用高级词汇。

T:Let's come to the first sentence.Could you pleasereplace the underlined word with a phrase?Which one is better?So what should we do to improve our writing?(让学生自己去发现、总结。)

S:To use the advanced phrases.

T:Let’s see more examples.(通过“真题再现”这个环节,呈现2009、2010全国满分作文中部分例句,让学生更深刻地体会:在写作中要尽量使用高级词汇。)

笔者针对学生在写作中经常使用自己比较熟悉的、低级的词汇这个现象,根据高考评分标准,鼓励考生尽量使用较高级词汇,让学生在对比中,自己去发现、总结出:尽量使用较高级词汇,如短语替词:用make full use of代替use sth.well;用be of great importance代替be important。一方面使文章生动,另一方面则会展示学生实力,这会使阅卷老师刮目相看,从而提高文章的档次。

2)用with、非谓语短语,使语法结构多样化。

T:Could you please fill in blanks?Which one is better?Why?What should we do to improve our writing?(给学生足够例子,让学生自己发现、总结。)

笔者针对学生作文中语法结构单一这个常见问题,根据高考评分标准,鼓励学生使用多样的、较复杂的语法结构。笔者灵活地设计了填空、改错、翻译等多种有梯度的练习,从而降低了答题的难度,这样学生就更容易感受并学会使用with复合结构、非谓语短语来简化句子,使语法结构多样化。当然,这些都是笔者在设计时就考虑到的问题。

3)选择倒装句、强调句,使句式多样化。

T:Could you improve the sentence by changing the or-der of the sentence?“We can protect our home only in this way.”

S:Only in this way can we protect our home.

T:Good.What could we do to make our sentences bet-ter?

S:…

T:Could you please give me more examples?

笔者针对学生作文中,学生总是喜欢用陈述语序的句子,导致作文中句子形式非常单调这个现象。根据高考评分标准,鼓励学生使用多样的,较复杂的句型。笔者通过讲练结合,使学生感受并学会选择倒装句、强调句,使句式多样化,从而让文章不同凡响、耐人寻味。

4)使用复合句、固定句式等来表达相关联的信息点。

T:Could you please combine the two sentences?Whichone is better?Why?

S:…(让学生自己发现、总结。)

T:We should learn to use some special structures toexpress the related information.More examples?

S:such as:so…that;not only…but also;…(笔者便利用契机,向学生展示更多不同的表达方式。同时也为最后的输出做了铺垫。)

笔者针对学生总是喜欢用简单句来表达一个个的信息点,从而忽视了信息点之间的关联这一问题,如Energy is very limited.We can’t afford to waste it.通过这个环节,学生可以学会去发现信息点之间的关联之处,并使用复合句、固定句式等来表达相关联的信息点(如,用so…that…来连接等等)。此时笔者要鼓励学生用不同的表达方式。

5)引用谚语、寻求亮点。

T:Could you please pay attention to the last sentence?It’s a proverb.Could you give me more examples?

S:…

T:Great!Let's learn more.

(和汉语一样,英语中也有大量谚语。若能在写作中恰当使用,会给文章增色,加强文章的感染力,从而引人入胜。)

T:Now let's have a look at the passage that has im-proved.What do you think of it now?

S:Better!

T:How many marks can it get?Then what should we do to improve our writing to get more marks?

总结:笔者把修改后的文章再次呈现到学生面前,让学生重新对其进行评分,并让学生自己总结这堂写作课所学到的五个写作技巧。如果不完整,老师可以帮助学生一起总结,并把重点写在黑板上。接着就顺利转入最后的输出环节,即对真实的一篇文章按以上要求进行润色。

Conserving Energy in Daily Life(下划线的句子是修改后的。)

From the chart,we learn that 45%of the students havethe habit of sa ring electricity and 35%of them make full use of paper.With fewest students realizing that water is a very serious problem,only 20%of the students care about saving water.From the figures,the students'awareness of conserving energy is rather low.

As far as I am concerned,energy is so limited that wecan't afford to waste it.We should prevent water from running when brushing teeth or taking a bath.Besides,we should turn off lights and electrical appliances before leaving.Finally,it’s of great importance to recycle every piece of paper for further use.Only in this way can we protect our home.

Remember that every little contribution counts!

3. Out put

T:Great!It,s your turn to improve the following pas-sage by using what you have learnt today.

输出:这是学习本课的最终目标:结合所学的五个写作方面的要求,来修改2009年湖南真题的一篇作文,让学生把所学的知识落实到笔头,对这堂课所学到的技巧进一步巩固,使学生从“基础写作”过渡到“高级写作”。

由于笔者在输入部分已经为学生作了充分的铺垫,所以学生们完成的效果相当令人满意。

真题再现(2009年湖南)

Dear Wang Lin,

I can't wait to tell you my experience of my first classas a teacher.

After I greeted my new students,I began to introducemyself.Suddenly,all the students were staring at me.I felt very nervous at that time.You know,I was very nervous.I couldn’t keep myself calm.However,all the eyes made me nervous.All the eyes also spread encouragement to me.The encouragement made me continue my class.This class,I think,is successful in general.

Practicing more is better,so I believe I can do it well inthe future.What's more,I have decided to devote myself to the education,to the lovely children.

I’m expecting to share your experience.

yours ever,

Li Hong

三、案例反思

这是笔者在高三二轮复习备考会上的一节公开课。课堂效果以及气氛都很好。而从这一堂课上笔者也得到了不少的启示:作文课要富有针对性和目的性,这样才更有效。

针对性:改进、完善一篇文章,要注意很多方面,如字迹端正、卷面整洁、文章内容准确地表达作文中的要点、较多地使用高级词汇和复杂句型、恰当地使用关联词等等。而一堂课是不能面面俱到的。要使课堂更有效就要做到有针对性。而在这堂作文课中笔者主要是针对学生在写作中常见的问题(如:缺乏高级词汇,语法结构单一,不能灵活使用复合句、固定句式等来表达相关联的信息点,等等),并以高考作文评分标准为指导,进行一一改进,讲练结合,让学生学以致用。从学生写作中常见的问题出发,来设计教学活动,使学生的学习更具有明确的目标,则更有效。

篇4:高三英语写作冲刺教学策略

一、规范基础。高三学生经过了高一、高二的训练,写作方面有了一定的基础,但高三阶段由于训练时压缩时

间、注重提高,可能基础上有些松懈。比如书写潦草难认,标点单一随意,甚至拼写笔误不少;至于文章的条理性、连贯性,也可能出现问题;少数学生甚至词汇贫乏,语法误用,多用汉化句子。其实,高考英语的写作有一定的指示性和限定性,这些指示和限定恰恰又在一定程度上降低了难度,提供了思路。因此,规范基础是写作赢得高分的关键,也是全面提高能力的必要环节。

书写工整是全员能达标的要求,选取班级书写潦草的学生,专门安排一定的时间练习誊抄英文单词和短文,既是练字又是积累词汇和材料。词汇贫乏或者多拼写错误,在引导学生加强记忆,做记忆方法指导的同时,要引导学生善于转换思路,用同义或近义的词语代替,不能感觉不对仍存侥幸心理。平时多练习用学过的单词、词组来解释新词或旧词——先让学生把单词翻译成汉语,然后根据汉语用单词、词组解释,用这种几乎归类、比较的方法拓展词汇量,同时也训练学生的英语思维能力,减少写作时的汉化语句,为英语写作打下坚实的基础。这样,考试时想表达一个意思又不会写单词时,就可以用解释的方式来代替,比如,不会写“cinch”,就可以用“to make certain of”来代替。这似乎有简单问题复杂化之嫌,但作为一种补救措施,还是很有效的。当然,平时加强复查,练习互相批改,养成复查的习惯也是很重要的。

句子是连缀单词成篇的关键,不少学生按题目的提示逐一翻译或者句式严重汉化,都是对英语基本句型的不熟练,高三英语写作必须抓住难点和关键:以动词为中心的各种句子结构。英语属于结构语言,它的五种句型几乎可以变化成所有的英语句型:①S+V(主+谓)。②S+V+O(主+谓+宾)。③S+V+O+O(主+谓+宾+宾)。④S+V+P(主+谓或系动词+表)。⑤S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾语补足语)。反复操练这五种句型的同时,要抓住英语动词和单复句的变化,加强英语谓语动词在时态、语态、语气等变化方面的练习,学生在构句成段时就能得心应手,游刃有余。

二、拓展教材。教材是学习的蓝本,高三增加训练的题量是有必要,但不能离开教材任意漂流,有必要用好高中三年的教材。词汇教学自不必说,就是课文中一般细节上的语法、修辞、标点的推敲,及整体材料、框架结构的理解等,对培养学生的应试技巧、语用意识和语篇建构能力都具有重要的意义。

“写是书面表达和传递信息的交际能力。”(《全日制中学英语大纲》)它是在读的基础上进行培养和提高,又能促进听、说、读。高中阶段,“写”贯穿始终,无论是书写、拼写,还是抄写、改写、听写、造句、翻译、写作等。可见,写作的能力需要在对教材的理解和拓展、模仿中得到提高。

指导学生就课文内容进行长句短写、短句长写的口头或笔头训练,熟悉英语中常用动词句子的结构变化,掌握常用的动词句子结构和词义区别,逐步在心理上树立用英语造句达意的信心和习惯。或者采用各种形式指导学生对课文进行改写、缩写,或选取段落由学生连词完成或填词完成。改写,不仅是对句子、段落的释义,还可以对整篇课文的体裁、人称或情节进行改写。如短剧“The Lost Necklace”就可以改成路瓦栽夫人晚年回忆的形式,用第一人称述说的记叙文。改写课文可培养学生语言表达的应变能力,掌握英语表达方法,可调动学习的积极性,促使其钻研、思考。而缩写课文时,限定字数,允许改动原意,但不能遗漏主要内容,提倡用自己的话,避免拼凑原文的词句,或者逐句、逐段改写。它能激励学生去钻研课文内容,加深理解,提高归纳总结和简要表达的能力。

三、針对训练。高三临近毕业,任务重、时间紧。高三英语写作的教学不仅要追求付出了时间就要有成效,还要争取省时增效,针对训练就是很好的途径。针对训练就是训练要紧密结合课程标准、考试、教学大纲,以及学生的突出问题,有条不紊,持之以恒,有的放矢。

高中英语课程标准对“写”的要求是:①能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要。②能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告。③能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文,叙述事情或表达观点和态度。④能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。中学英语教学大纲和高考说明都要求高三学生能写出100个单词左右的短文,意思表达正确,内容连贯,文理通顺,无严重语法或结构错误;能写简单的书信,便条和通知,填写简单个人履历表,书写、格式、行文及常用语等无严重错误。分析历年的高考试卷,发现高考常考的文体是:①简单叙述文,如介绍人物、活动、事情的经过,或者简单叙述图画内容等。②简单应用文,如书信、通知、日记等。③简单描写文,如描写人物的外貌、心理情景等。④简单说明文,如图表作文等。

英语写作是英语学习过程中一项重要的语言运用技能和一种基本的交际手段,也是学生的语言知识、思维品质和表达技能的综合体现。高三的英语写作教学,不必追求花样翻新,而应侧重实效,以上途径就能很好地促使学生勤复习、多思考,提高应试能力和实际使用语言的准确性。

篇5:考研英语作文冲刺备考策略和模版

钟方源

60分钟做完写作(20分钟小作文,40分钟大作文)

一般来说把左边一页写满就已经是最合适的了,正好差不多270。字数超了(超过350个字)会扣3分。

第一段的展开:

第一句:图画描述句:

As is shown above,in the middle of the picture stands a man(主系表倒装表系主),rushing to final(非谓语动词),which is defined another new start.(独立主格结构)

Step1:完全倒装(中心事物的位置)Step2:非谓;非限(中心事物的状态)Step3:独立主格

P.S.:……,with the caption reading that:

……,with a line going like this:

第二句:图画影响句

This picture has sparked a heated discussion on Wechat friend circle,the most attractive and influential social network form these day in China.第三句:图画意义句

The picture,at the first glimpse,seem to be simple,but only a penetrating sight can capture its essence.第二段的展开:

第一句:提出论点

重要主题:

1.The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with +重要主题 when it comes to the cultivation of individual characteristics.(个人)

2.The picture tells us that 重要主题 remains to be an integral(不可或缺)part in this ever papid(快速)changing modern society.(社会)

有害主题:

1.The picture does reveal that 有害主题 is not only harmful, but also damaging for the personal growth.(个人)

2.The picture does reveal that 有害主题 is in large measure(很大程度上)detrimental(有害的)not only to the personal life,but to the further development of the whole society.第二句:加强论点(附加句)

1,重要主题:

In no country other than China,is has been said,is this phenomenon more obvious.有害主题:

In no country other than China,is has been said,is this problem more urgent and serious.3.The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some policy being carried out,bringing some problems at the same time,with the above one being the foremost(首要的).第三句:公众态度 重要主题:

1.The public does attach due(适当的)attention to importance of the 重要主题 有害主题

2.The public fails to attach due attention to the bad effects brought by 有害主题

第四句:加强态度(附加句)

People form all over the world,governments and international organizations stress the fundamental role of 重要主题。

People form all over the world,governments and international organizations fail to notice the damaging consequences of 有害主题。

Individuals,enterprises,organizations and even the whole society stress the fundamental role of 重要主题。

Individuals,enterprises,organizations and even the whole society fail to notice the damaging consequences of 有害主题。

第五句:段落展开(为一个句群)第一种展开法:平行展开法

物质回报

句子:1.(主题)can offer people with not only delicious food but fashionable clothes and such benefits as comfortable dwelling and handsome automobiles.2.Individuals and organizations can make money,take profits and even obtain wealth by doing(主题)。

3.The industrious(勤劳)and insightful(有见地的)people will never fail to benefit from doing(主题).4.It can improve one’s living standards and make an easy and conforable life.5.It can bring people fresh air,clean water,bright sunshine ,clean food and comfortable dwelling.时间角度saves time/takes up little time/occupies little time.句子

(节约时间)

(主题,e.g.Confidence)saves people a great deal of time by eliminating hours spent on hesitation, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their meaningful work.(浪费时间)

As is well known,the days of youth should not be idled away and time should be cherished,but(主题,e.g.star worship)wastes hours,lavishes days and even squanders(浪费)years,which leads us to say it kills and even murders youngster’s prime time.效率角度

(主题,e.g.Star worship/Addiction to the internet)makes people weary(疲惫)of other important things,discourages him to learn more.身心健康

句子:(主题)can relieve not noly pressure but also anxiety and such problem as depression,stress,isolation and solitude(孤独).有助成长和成功

It can promote communication between people,rid of barriers between people and bridge gaps between people.People who treat others with love,sincerity,sympathy,enthusiasm,hospitality or generosity always win respect from others.社会宏观角度

It means that people can have equal opportunity to college education,employments,self realizetion,and pursuit of material wealth.第二种展开法:科学论据法

1.According to a survey conducted by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),……

According to a survey conducted by Chinese Academy of social Sciences(CASS),……

According to a survey conducted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD),……

结论:Those who worship stars are more likely to squander time,compared with those who do not.Those who are of cooperation are more likely to establish the career,compared with those who are not.2.China Daily interviewed four people from four prefessions——a surgeon(外科医生),a white collar worker,a carpenter(木匠)and a farmer.the survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that+主题重要或有害。

第三种展开法:举例法(尽量只举例不展开)

1.Nowadays,our society has been filled with a variety of example of sth,with Sb being the foremost(主要的).2.Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.Take sb.for example,but for 主题,sb could not have done sth,let alone doing sth.3.Take sb for example, without 主题,how can sb do sth? Without 主题,how can sb do sth?Withou 主题,how can sb do sth?

[人物词积累:Shakespeare,Barack Obama, George Washington]

最后一句

虚拟语气结尾:

Were there no something, never would we do something.Were the situation to continue as it is, we would pay the high price.第三段的展开:(评论后举例也可以举例后评论)可能用到的表达:

Form my perspective,…… 我认为……

正面话题:

第一句:取其精华

It is imperative(必要)that the essence(本质)be absorbed(吸收)and the drawbacks(缺点)be neglected(忽略),during this process, especially in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news, facts, opinions even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.第二句:全面考虑

In view of the importance and the complexity(复杂)of such an phenomenon,we must treat it socially, economically and culturally.第三句:只管面对

In a sense, it is not why sth exists in today’s world but what we should do to cope with it.第四句:展望未来

Only in a reasonable, prosperous(繁荣)and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost(最大限度).负面话题:

第一句:情况很危急

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to……

第二句:立法很重要

It is imperative that corresponding(相应的)laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to harness and curb this urgent problem.第三句:公众教育

The general(普通的)public is supposed to enhance their awareness of the harmful effects of 主题.第四句:专家想对策

In this issue, researchers, scholars and experts are expected to work out up-to-date solutions to sth.第五句:展望未来

With a proper(适当)law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.常见主题词:

顺境与逆境(Favorable Circumstances and adverse Circumstances)勤奋(diligence;painstaking work)

谨慎和坚毅(prudence and determination)热情和乐观(, enthusiasm and optimism)

博学和求知(learnedness and seeking knowledge/pursuit of knowledge)绝望和坚持(Frustration and perseverance)独立性问(independence)感恩(gratitude)创新(creation and innovation)鼓励(encouragement)自满和谦逊(self-satisfied and modest)合作(cooperation)诱惑(temptations)

常见的话题:

1. 资源保护(Energy and Resource Saving)环境保护(Environmental protection)低碳环保(low-carbon life)

2. 人口增长(The growth of China’s population)3. 社会保障问题(Social security fund)4. 假冒伪劣产品问题(Counterfeits and unqualified products)食品安全(food safety)5. 消费者权益保护问题(The protection of consumers rights and interests)6. 社会诚信的缺失(Honest is the best policy.It pays to be honest.)7.知识产权保护问题(Intellectual Property protection.No plagiarizing)8. 微博和微信的强势崛起(The rise of the WeiBo, Wechat)9. 传统文化的传播(traditional Chinese culture)孝敬父母(caring parents)(filial piety)10. 提高学生的身体素质(physical exercise build a strong body and relieve pressure and keep a pleasant mood)

11. 大学生的就业(sticking to our own choice of following our parent’s arrangement)12. 大学城的建造(the construction of university town)

书信作文

Dear sir/Madam, Sincerely,投诉信

开头:I am writing to make a complaint about……

结尾:I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.建议信

开头:You have asked me for some advice on how to improve……I will try to give some useful suggestions.结尾:I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision-making anyway.道歉信

开头:I am writing to apologize for……

结尾:I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.辞职信

开头:I am writing to inform you about my decision of resignation.结尾:I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.求职信

开头:I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of senior accountant you have advertised in……

结尾:I have enclosed my resume that outline in detail my qualifications and experience.推荐信

开头:With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend……as an ideal candidate.结尾:Please do not hesitate to contact me if necessary.感谢信

开头:I am writing this letter to thank you for…… 结尾:I must thank you again for your generous help.祝贺信

开头:Please accept my sincere congratulations on ……

结尾:Every good wish to you for much health, happiness, and prosperity!

邀请信: 开头:I am writing to invite you to……

结尾:I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.咨询信

开头:I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding…… 结尾:Your immediate response is enthusiastically expected.告示

要写标题:Notice或者Announcement。不要写抬头(如dear sir),不仅多余而且错误。落款如Postgraduate’s Association

篇6:考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

万学海文

距离最后的考试已经不到两个月的时间,最后的冲刺序幕正式拉开。英语复习到这个阶段,最重要的就是作文。要想在最后的考试成绩中脱颖而出,现阶段就必须要把精力放在分值占在30分的写作上。

考研英语中大作文的要求是内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式多变和语言规范。小作文考察点在信息点的覆盖、语言的准确性、文章组织的连贯性上。

其中小作文占10分,分为求职信、祝贺信、道歉信、询问信、推荐信、感谢信、邀请信、辞职信等等二十多种应用文。每个类别都有相对固定的语言模式,都有固定词语要求。

慰问信:是对某些单位或个人的突出工作,或遭到什么不幸表示慰问、问候、致意而写的一种书信。

注意:慰问信应写得真切,注意措辞,对轻病或者小损失,慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反,对严重病情或重大损失,信就应该写得深沉一些。范文解析:

Directions: Xu Hong, one of your friends, failed in the last CET-6 and is upset.Write a letter to him to

1)espress your pity, point out the reason for his failure,2)encourage him, and suggest a better way to prepare the exam.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2、Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “ Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Xu Hong,I am so sorry to learn of the unfortunate news that you failed in the last CET-6.I hope you won’t feel too discouraged by the result.You know you could have done better had you not been sick during the test day, and you know there will always be another chance to take CET-6.You are just a sophomore now, and you still have plenty of time to prepare for it.For now, just forget about the test and cheer up.You have more important things to do, such as term paper and final examinations.If there is anything I can do.Please tell me.Yours,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、We are very sorry to learn of„

我们非常遗憾地获悉„„

2、I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of your illness.得知你生病的消息我非常难过。

3、In the next few days I think you should have a good rest and take the doctor’s advice.在接下来的几天内,你要好好休息,牢记医嘱。

4、With the best wishes for your quick and complete recovery.希望你早日康复。

5、If there is anything I can do, give me a call.如果有我能帮忙的,请打电话通知我。

倡议信“写作三步曲”:

自我介绍以及倡议或呼吁的内容→进一步解释你所阐述的内容,比如介绍你倡议或呼吁的行为有什么好处以及不好的影响→再一次的呼吁或倡议。范文解析:

Directions: As a volunteer of environmental protection, write a letter to advocate bus-taking.In your letter, you should

1)state the aim of your writing,2)introduce the advantage(s)of bus-taking.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER WHEET 2.Dot sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Wang Hua” instead.Do not write the address.Dear Sir or Madam,I, the undersigned, am a senior of Shandong University.As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to advocate bus-taking.We can see that bus-taking has many advantages.In terms of

environmental protection, it reduces waste-gas emission from private cars.Besides, it helps cut down the energy consumption.Most importantly, this method can ease traffic jam and lower our transportation, this method can ease traffic jam and lower our transportation fee.Generally speaking, bus-taking helps promote the harmony between human beings and nature.Let’s make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment.Your cooperation would be much appreciated.Yours sincerely,Wang Hua

◆常用句式:

1、I, the undersigned, am„ ,and I write to„ 我,下面签名的人,是„„,我写信倡导„„

2、As a „I am writing to„

作为一名„„,我写信倡导„„

3、Therefore, let’s take immediate action so as to „ 因此,让我们立即采取措施以„„

4、Let’s make our joint efforts to„

让我们为了„„共同努力。

篇7:高考冲刺英语作文写作方法

比较(comparison)主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的共同点或相似点(similarities),如人物、事物、地点、思想、观点等。对照(contrast)主要是指它们的不同点(difference)。在大学英语中,比较和对照法往往同时使用。写作时,首先应考虑要比较和对照的两个或两个以上的事物, 然后列一个表,发现这些事物的最主要特征,相同的或类似的特征可以比较,不同的特征可以组成对照。例如:

例1.Punctuality is the main constituent of good character.Aperson,who is always in time for his appointment,shows real considerationfor others.On the other hand,a person who is always lateshows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy tobe friend with.(本段对守时(in time)与不能守时(late)的两种不同的人进行了对照, 用表示对照的连接词“On the otherhand”进行了很好的连接。)。

例2.Paintings and photographs have something in common.But there are also some differences between them.(这段很好地展示出本文将用比较与对照的方法进行写作。)

Paintings and photographs are visual art forms.They both cancapture a specific moment for all time.A painting reflects the skilland talent of a painter,likewise the quality of a photograph canrepresent the skill and talent of a photographer.(本段对paintingsand photographs两个不同的种类进行了分析, 用连接词(both)进行了很好的连接,用连接词(likewise)用同样的方式对它们的相同点(the skill and talent)进行了比较)。

Photographs are created by using film,a camera,and specialpaper.In contrast,paintings are created with paint,brushes,andcanvas.Photographs,like paintings,are often framed and displayedon walls in homes and galleries.Both can vary in size.However,photographs are usually small enough to keep in albumswhere they document family events. ( 本段比较和对照法同时使用)。In conclusion,although paintings and photographs are similarin some ways,there are also some differences between them.(本段对本文的比较与对照进行了小结)。

2.比较与对照的两种基本写作方法

2.1整体对比法(one-side-at-a-time method)

整体对比法:既先描述甲,再描述乙(A1,A2,A3,...B1,B2,B3,...)例 如大学英语作文“Where to live———In the City or inthe Countryside” 第一段可描述几点城市生活(A1,A2,A3,...),第二段可描述几点农村生活(B1,B2,B3,...),用整体对比法写作。

例3.Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city.

(A).The city has better transportation service and health care.Citydwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants,departmentstores and concert halls.They are well-informed about what is goingon at home and abroad,and have the access to better education,better jobs and more opportunities for business. (A1,A2,A3,...)But country life is also attractive. (B).Country people are inclose contact with nature.They breathe fresh air and listen to thesong of the birds.They make friends with crops and trees,cows andsheep.And they enjoy the peace and calm of the pastoral environment.(B1,B2,B3,...)

However,both the city and the country have their own disadvantages.The city,despite all its good points,may be a place toocrowded for people to live in.And urban citizens are often underpressure,worrying over such problems as pollution,crime and unemployment.(A1,A2,...).As for rural inhabitants,they are freefrom becoming layoffs all right,yet they may find life far from thecity less convenient,and sometimes not as colorful or full of vigor.

(B1,B2,...)

2.2逐项对比法(point-by-point method)逐项对比法: 既双方同时描述, 逐点进行比较(A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...)

例4.Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving acar.First,it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. (A1).In contrast,sitting in the car,one tends to gain weight.(B1).Besides,it ismuch more economical to ride a bike than drive a car.On the otherhand,the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is the annual tax.However,the annual fees for a car are costly. (A2,B2).On the otherhand,a bike needn’t be equipped with a parking lot,but a carmust.(A3,B3).Most important of all,it is beneficial to the environmentto ride a bicycle because the bike doesn’t consume petrol;itis a pollution -free transport.In contrast,the exhaust released bythe car is harmful to the environment.(A4,B4).

3.常用于比较与对照写作方法的过渡连接语

篇8:考研英语冲刺:英语小作文写作格式和策略

一、高中生英语写作能力薄弱的原因

(一)母语的影响

在学习英语单词时,学生就会受到母语“先入为主”的影响,致使学生在英语写作时同样会犯这方面的错误。现归纳分析如下。

1. 同义词、近义词混淆

同义词、近义词之间在语体意义、情感意义、搭配意义上都会有细微差别。由于表达同一个中文意思常有多个含义相同、相近的英语单词可选择,学生如果不掌握其间的微妙差异,就会在写作中造成选词不当,影响意思表达的准确性。

【错例1】My parents don’t agree that I makefriends with him.(我父母不同意我和他交朋友。)agree的意思侧重在“与什么一致”,用在“同意别人的观点”时是无可厚非的。但是此处是“批准,允许,同意”,所以应用approve。

有时,看似相同的两个搭配其实隐含着不同的意思,如:中文“反对”,其对应的英语习惯表达为goagainst而非fight against。所以学生在英语写作时要遵循英语的表达习惯及其固定搭配,地道的英语表达只有在平常多积累才能自然而然地在头脑中闪现。

【错例2】He spoke loud to get himself heard clear-ly.(他大声说话使自己被清楚地听到。)动词get搭配不当,是由中文思维臆造而来的,正确的应该用动词make与之搭配。此类错误还有make action、make notes等,正确搭配应是take action、take notes。

2. 词性误用

学生在习作中有时会忽略词性的差异,把名词误用为动词,形容词误用为名词或副词等。

【错例3】They felt astonish at the news.(他们对这个消息感到惊讶。)学生之所以将动词astonish替代形容词astonished,主要因为写作时没考虑不同词性的词在句中充当的成分以及句子中所需成分。

3. 中式英语

母语的影响在意义表达上较为明显,学生在写作时用中文思维,再译为英语,故形成的句子不符合英语的句法结构和表达方式。

【错例4】They don’t agree the viewpoint.(他们不同意这个观点。)正确的表达应为:“They don’t agreewith the viewpoint.”这一错误的出现主要是因为英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。在这句话中,agree是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语,要先接介词with再接宾语。而汉语中的动词则无及物动词与不及物动词之分。

4. 结构残缺混乱

【错例5】The film very interesting. (这部电影很有趣。)This driver very careless. (这个司机很粗心)。这两个句子都漏掉了be动词is,因为在中文的表达中并没有体现is。

5. 话语滋生歧义

【错例6】She told my sister that she made a mis-take.(她告诉我妹妹,她自己犯了个错。)因“that”引导的从句中she指代不明,话语滋生了歧义,故需在she后面加herself。

(二)综合语言运用能力弱

综合语言运用能力的形成要建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。高中生听、说、读、写四方面的语言技能都较弱,语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题五个方面的语言知识学得也很不扎实,这与初中的英语学习基础密切相关,许多基础语法内容,如“主谓一致”、“动词时态”、“名词复数”、“冠词用法”等,学生虽在初中学过,但掌握得并不牢固,常常是“一看就懂,一放就忘,一做就错”。另外,学生因词汇量很有限,写作时句子简单,生怕出错,翻来覆去用那么几个词,那么几句话,给人一种干巴巴的感觉。

(三)写作练习太少

写作能力的提高并不能一蹴而就,而是一个日积月累、持之以恒的过程。高中学生由于面临高考的压力,或多或少都存在急功近利的心理,常把主要精力放在容易出成绩的地方,不愿意多化精力在英语写作练习上。再加上心理上惧怕写作,导致对英语写作产生抵触情绪,所以,写作训练的时间得不到保证,写作训练的效果就可想而知。

二、高中生英语写作能力提高的应对策略

1. 结合阅读教学来提高学生写作能力

学生在阅读地道的英语作文时就能产生借鉴、吸收的意识。因此在平时的教学中可以引导学生多阅读积累、多摘抄背诵地道的英语句型和范文来培养自己的吸收意识。英语新教材中,除Reading文章外,其他各版块中也有不同类型的阅读文章。在学习这些文章时,除了讲解语言点外还应引导学生感受其中优美的英语表达,摘抄和背诵一些好句子。例如,要表达“工作使我感到满足。”这句话时,一般不会用“Work makes me feelsatisfied.”而会用“Work is a source of satisfaction tome.”这种地道英语的表达就要靠平时的积累。可见,英语写作能力的提高要通过不断地借鉴、吸收、积累一些地道句型和习惯说法来实现。阅读和写作是两种紧密联系的能力,有效而广泛地阅读是提高英语写作能力的基础。

2. 加强写作练习

在平时的英语教学中,可从以下几方面加强练习:1听写。可选择一些浅显易懂、简短有趣的英语小故事录音磁带,让学生反复听几遍,在听懂大意后,尽量用自己的语句归纳故事梗概,这要比命题作文容易得多,一方面能训练学生的听力,另一方面能激发学生的写作兴趣,提高学生的写作意识。2仿写。在学习了某一句型后,教师可布置学生做仿句练习,既可巩固学到的语句知识,又可练习写作,积累一些常用的句型,作为写作时的素材。在仿写句子的基础上,可以进一步扩展到仿写或改写段落,最后,就可发展到仿写篇章,主要是仿照佳作的篇章结构和写作技巧。仿写练习如同临摹书法,靠的是持之以恒和日积月累,写作素材丰富了,写作思路顺畅了,就可得心应手地自由写作。3写应用文。平时可开发一些可自由发挥的写作练习资源,例如,写英语日记。日记的内容可以不拘一格,题材不限,想写啥就写啥,要轻松愉快地写,可以把每天的所见、所闻、所思和所做的记下来,也可以记记流水账、写写备忘录,每天写几句,每周写几篇,这对于巩固所学的词汇、句型和语法都有好处,更有利于表达能力的提高,如能持之以恒,定能在提高英语写作方面取得显著效果。此外,还可引导学生结合自己的实际情况尝试用英语写应用文,比如,写信、思想汇报、留言条、请假条、告示、通知等。这样,学生就能在英语写作中得心应手地表达自己的思想和情感,再不会觉得无话可说,并且还会对英语写作产生浓厚的兴趣。在新教材的task和project中也有不同类型的写作练习,教师可利用这两项内容引导学生写不同体裁的英语文章。

3. 排除母语思维差异对英文写作的消极干扰

在平时的英语教学中,教师应该经常结合案例分析英汉语思维的差异性,以培养学生英语写作中抗母语消极干扰的敏锐性,其关键还是在于丰富学生的英语词汇量、牢记一些规范的固定搭配和习惯用法,帮助学生避免语言交际中的文化误用现象。教师和学生都要充分认识英语思维训练的重要性,掌握英语表达的特点和风格,主动多用英语交流,加强课堂的师生互动和生生互动,在交际中提高英语表达的技巧与能力,以帮助学生逐渐养成良好的英语思维习惯,提高英语表达能力和写作能力。

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