Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)

2024-04-30

Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)(共5篇)

篇1:Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)

1.I think that vegetables are healthy food because they contain lots of vitamins.

我认为蔬菜是不错的食品,因为它们含有大量维生素。

contain用作及物动词,意为“包含;包括;容纳(不用进行时);控制,抑制”。如:

What does the medicine contain, mum? 妈妈,这药含有什么成分?

Sea water contains salt. 海水含有盐分。

The hall can contain five hundred people. 大厅可容纳500人。(=hold)

She couldn’t contain herself for joy. 她高兴地难以自制。

contain与include辨析

contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。

include侧重于作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。

How much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子能装多少?

Books contain knowledge. 书籍蕴含知识。

Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people. 这里所有的人,包括老人,都参加了抗洪斗争。

Everybody had something to say, me included. 所有的人,包括我在内,都有些话要说。

2.What’s wrong with Mike? 麦克怎么了?

本句中的wrong也可换成the matter或the trouble,意为“麻烦事,毛病,差错”,常与介词with连用。如:

What’s wrong/ the matter/ the trouble with your leg?

你的腿怎么啦?

相关句式

There’s nothing wrong/ the matter with the machine. 这机器没毛病。

Something must have gone wrong with your watch. 你的表肯定有毛病了。

注意:在宾语从句中,what’s wrong/ the matter的语序不能改。如:

I asked him what was wrong/ the matter.

3.Which side of Mike’s stomach hurts? 麦克的胃部哪边痛?

hurt在本句中用作不及物动词,意为“疼”。如:

My arm hurts. 我胳膊疼。

Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗?

hurt还可作为及物动词。如:

The wound still hurts him. 他仍然感到伤口疼。

hurt, harm, wound与injure的辨析

hurt常指精神上或肉体上的伤害,含有强烈的疼痛。

harm指对人或事物造成危害,这种危害不一定直接的,也不一定有痛楚。

wound通常指外界暴力造成创伤,多指枪、刀伤害,也可指感情上的伤害。

injure着重指健康、机能、外貌的伤害或损害,多指意外或事故造成伤害。

His words hurt me/ my feelings. 他的话伤了我/我的感情。

He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下来伤了腿。

Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重伤害了他的健康。

He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤。

Several children were injured in the accident. 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。

4.I’ve got a pain here. 我这儿疼。

pain的用法

①表示身体某部位的疼时,为可数名词。如:

She has a pain in her back/ leg/ head. 她背(腿、头)疼。

②表示由损伤或疾疾引起的痛苦、疼痛时,为不可数名词。如:

Her back causes her a lot of pain. 她的背使她很疼。

③表示精神上的痛苦时,为不可数名词。如:

His harsh words caused her much pain. 他尖刻的话使她很痛苦。

④表示“努力、辛苦、操心”时,只用复数形式。如:

She takes great pains with her work. 她在工作上煞费苦心。

5.For lunch I had noodles, salad and later a peach. I didn’t have any supper because I didn’t feel very well.

午饭我吃了面条、沙拉,然后又吃了一个桃子。我因为感到不舒服所以晚饭没吃东西。

①for lunch中的for是介词,构成固定结构have…for…如:

What did you have for breakfast?

He had nothing for supper.

②feel very well中的well不是副词,而是形容词,意为“健康的”。如:

She is well in health. 她身体很健康。

6.Was the peach ripe or green? You ought to be careful with fruit.

桃子熟不熟?吃水果你该小心。

①句子中的green作“没有成熟的”解,是ripe(成熟的)反义词。例如:

The cherries are still too green to pick. 这些樱桃还太生,不能摘。

另外,green还可以表示“对环境无害的”,如阅读材料中第3段第6行的句子:…(who)have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods(尽量使用绿色干净的方式制作食品)。

green也可意为“无经验的,没有受过训练的”。如:

He is still green at this job. 他对这件工作还很生疏。

②be careful with fruit = be careful in eating fruit意为“吃水果时小心”。

7.It was a bit green. 它有点生。

①a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级,可以换用。表示“一点儿”。如:

The speaker spoke up a bit/ a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点,以便使别人听得清楚。

②a bit和a little在否定句中,意思正好相反。

not a bit=not at all

not a little=very much

试比较:I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。

I’m not a little tired. 我非常累。

③a little可直接作名词的定语,而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语,二者都只能修饰不可数名词。如:

There’s only a little/ a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。

注意:a bit of的复数是bits of,而a little不能变复数。

8.And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in the future.

我建议你将来不要吃不熟的水果。

1)advise意为“建议,忠告,劝告”,常用于下面五种结构:

①advise+n./ pron.

②advise sb.(not)to do sth.

③advise doing sth.

④advise sb. against(doing)sth.

⑤advise sb. +that sb.(should)do sth. (从句中用should do的虚拟语气)

The doctor advises a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。

The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生建议我多做运动。

We advised waiting till the proper time. 我们建议等待适当的时机。

His parents advised him against (doing) wrong. 他父母告诫他不要做坏事。

I advised him that he (should) attend the meeting. 我劝他参加这次会议。

advice是advise的名词形式,它是一个不可数名词。常用于:give(some)

advice on sth./ how to do…;ask for advice; follow/ take sb’s advice等。

2)in the future作“将来”(in time yet to come)解。

试比较in future作“今后”(from now on)解。例如:

You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后你最好不要单独外出。

No one knows what will happen in the future. 没人知道将来会发生什么事情。

9.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.

选择吃什么东西不再像以前那么容易了。

What to do是疑问词+不定式的结构,在句中作宾语,另外这一结构也可作主语、表语、定语等。如:

①what to do next hasn’t been decided yet.(主语)

②I don’t know whether to answer it.(宾语)

③The question is how to put it into practice.(表语)

问题是如何把它付诸实践。

④They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.

关于应当选谁的问题,他们交换了意见。(介词短语)

⑤The key with which to open the door has been lost.

开这扇门的钥匙不见了。(定语)

注意:这种结构含有情态意义,它相当于一个带should的从句。如第②题I don’t know whether I should answer it.

10.Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.

像我们的生活方式一样,我们的饮食习惯已发生了变化,我们身体所需要的燃料也不同了。

as在句中引起方式状语从句,此处采用了省略形式,并且是倒装结构,若改用正常语序则为as our way of life has changed。

as引起的方式状语从句中一般采用正常语序,但在正式语体中,也可采用倒装语序。如:

She plays the piano, as does her mother. 她和她母亲一样,会弹钢琴。

She looks forward, as does her secretary, to the completion of the building. 她像她秘书那样盼望大楼竣工。

11.Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st century person.

对于21世纪的人来说,传统饮食常常含有太多的脂肪和太多的卡路里。

①diet与food的区别:diet和food都可作“食物”解。但diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物,特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物,如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般的词语,凡能吃喝的东西都可称为food。如:

The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。

Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.

Milk is the natural food for young babies.

②too much与too many的区别

too much可以作形容词,修饰不可数名词,也可用作副词,修饰动词。例如:

There is too much rain here in spring. 春天这里的雨水太多。

She talked too much at the meeting. 她在会上讲得太多了。

too many可作形容词,修饰可数名词。

③calorie=calory卡路里或卡,指食物所产生的热量,也可以作热量单位。例如:

One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一薄片面包有九十卡路里的热量。

12.If you want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.

要是我们想跟上现代生活的快节奏,我们最好在吃的东西和吃的方式上学会做出合适的选择。

keep up with意为“跟上,不落后于”,表示并肩前进,并驾齐驱。如:

John finds it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class in maths.

约翰发现在数学方面很难跟上班里的其他同学。

Can you walk a little slower? I can’t keep up with you.

你能走慢一点吗?我跟不上你。

catch up with 是指在已经落后的情况下“追上,赶上”。如:

He was behind in his studies because of illness, but he is catching up with the others now.

他因为生病学习落后了,但现在正在奋起直追。

13.Calcium, which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy products, is good for our bones and teeth.

鸡蛋、牛奶及其他乳制品所含的钙对我们的骨骼和牙齿有好处。

①be good for意为“对……有好处”(反义短语为be bad for)如:

Walking is good for our health.

Milk is good for children. 牛奶对孩子有好处。

②product指任何体力劳动或脑力劳动所生产的东西,含义最广,是可数名词。

production指生产的动作或产量,也指生产的结果,还特指艺术作品。

produce作名词时,指农产品、天然产物或工业产品的总称,是不可数名词。

They must have new markets for their products. 他们的产品必须得有新市场。

The plan was the product of many hours of careful thought.

这个计划是经过数小时深思熟虑的产物。

The factory was built for the production of cars.

建造这家工厂是为了生产汽车。

Production is up this month. 这个月产量增长了。

Several new productions will appear on Broadway this month.

这个月要在百老汇上演好几部新作品。

The farmers brought their produce to town early each morning.

农民们每天清早把他们的农产品带到城里。

14.Many people today make choices about their eating habits based on what they believe.

今天,许多人基于他们自己的看法对饮食习惯做出选择。

based on what they believe是过去分词短语作状语,修饰主句谓语。如:

We’ll spend the night locked in your room.

我们要反锁在你的房间里度过这一夜。

15.Eating habits become part of who we are.

饮食习惯成为我们的一部分特征。

part of who we are表明饮食习惯在一定程度上反映出我们是什么样的人,也就是说,通过饮食习惯可以看出一个人的一些特点。

16.We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made: environmentally friendly foods, or “eco-foods”, are made by companies who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods.

我们也根据产品的种植与加工手段做出选择:绿色食品或“生态食品”是由那些尽量使用绿色或干净的办法生产出的。

①based on how the products are grown or made是过去分词短语作方式状语,how引起宾语从句,作介词on的宾语。who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods是定语从句修饰companies,此处who表示公司里的人,若用which则表示公司这一地方。

②foods表示各种各样的食品,所以用了复数,若单纯表示数量,则food是不可数名词。

17.Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat.

因为我们有这么多东西可以选择,许多公司和商店都对我们该吃什么提出建议。

to choose from是后置定语,修饰so much,构成动宾关系。

choose与choose from的辨析

choose意为“选中”,“选出”

choose from意为“从……中挑选”,from后接选择的范围

Have you chosen a hat yet? 你选了帽子了吗?

There’re different kinds of toys to choose from.

18.The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast.

有些公司建议我们用来快速减肥的“速成食疗”也是如此。

①go在本句中意为“行得通,起作用”。再如:

This truth goes everywhere. 这个真理到处适用。

go也可意为“流传;表达”。如:

As the saying goes, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

俗话说,双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

②some companies say是定语从句中的插入语,这种插入语应位于关系代词之后。如:

Choose the one answer which you think is correct in the following.

在下列句子里选择一个你认为正确的答案。

19.We ought to learn more about our body and the fuel it needs to keep fit. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.

对于我们的身体以及身体所需要的燃料我们应多加了解。只有这样我们才能做好充分准备,以应对生活中的挑战与机遇。

①it needs是定语从句,修饰fuel;so that引起目的状语从句。

②be well prepared for=be ready for意为“为……做好充分准备”,表示一种状态,be若换成get则表示动作,不延续。如:

We are well prepared for the exam now. 现在我们已为考试做好了充分准备。

Have you got prepared for the sports meet?

比较:be preparing for意为“在为……做准备”。如:

Bob is preparing for the exam. 鲍勃正为考试做准备。

When I’m preparing for my performance, I don’t like to be interrupted.

我正为表演做准备时,不喜欢被别人打扰。

③only后面跟介词短语,作状语时,引起部分倒装。

20.If our body is short of any of its kind, we will become sick.

如果我们的身体缺乏任何这一类物质,我们就会生病。

be short of作“缺乏,不足”解。例如:

They are short of nothing but time. 他们不缺任何东西只缺时间。

21.Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.

即使我们选择营养食品作为我们的主餐,我们有时可能仍需要补充燃料。

①even if=even though意为“即使”。如:

He will come even if he is ill. 即使病了,他也会来的。

Even if they offered to pay, I wouldn’t accept any money from them.

即使他们主动提出付款,我也不会收他们的钱的。

②now and then意为“有时(不时地),偶尔”,表示不经常发生(sometimes,but not often)如:

I see him now and then, but not often. 我偶尔看见他,但不常见。

I like to go to the opera now and then. 我有时喜欢去看歌剧。

22.We can give our body and brain more energy by eating snacks.

通过小吃我们可以给我们的身体和大脑提供更多的能量。

①brain表示“大脑、头脑”时,既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,如:

He’s nice, but hasn’t got much brain. 他人不错,但没大有头脑。

The man has a fine brain. 这人脑子很好用。

brain表示“头脑、智慧”时常用brains,此时为不可数名词。如:

Brains is more than just education. 有头脑不仅指受过教育。

He has much brains. 他很有头脑。

23.Best of all, they taste great!

最棒的是,它们味道好极了!

best of all意为“最好的是,最突出的是”。如:

Best of all, the medicine can help you sleep.

最佳的是,这药对你的睡眠有帮助作用。

24.Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are-all we have to do is clean or peel them.

多数水果本身就是甜的,我们可以不用加工就吃--所有要做的是就是洗净、去皮。

①the way they are中的they are是定语从句,the way后接定语从句时,一般用in which引导,也可以省略,也可换成that。如:

These are some of the ways in which they can be used.

He doesn’t speak the way (that) I do. 他说话方式不像我。

②all we have to do is clean and peel them中clean and peel是省去to的动词不定式,当主语部分含有实义动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。如:

The only thing I can do is lie in bed. 我唯一能做的就是躺在床上。

What you should have done was press the button.

你本该做到的就是按下这个按钮。

篇2:Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)

我认为蔬菜是不错的食品,因为它们含有大量维生素。

contain用作及物动词,意为“包含;包括;容纳(不用进行时);控制,抑制”。如:

What does the medicine contain, mum? 妈妈,这药含有什么成分?

Sea water contains salt. 海水含有盐分。

The hall can contain five hundred people. 大厅可容纳500人。(=hold)

She couldn’t contain herself for joy. 她高兴地难以自制。

contain与include辨析

contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。

include侧重于作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去。

How much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子能装多少?

Books contain knowledge. 书籍蕴含知识。

Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood, including old people. 这里所有的人,包括老人,都参加了抗洪斗争。

Everybody had something to say, me included. 所有的人,包括我在内,都有些话要说。

2.What’s wrong with Mike? 麦克怎么了?

本句中的wrong也可换成the matter或the trouble,意为“麻烦事,毛病,差错”,常与介词with连用。如:

What’s wrong/ the matter/ the trouble with your leg?

你的腿怎么啦?

相关句式

There’s nothing wrong/ the matter with the machine. 这机器没毛病。

Something must have gone wrong with your watch. 你的表肯定有毛病了。

注意:在宾语从句中,what’s wrong/ the matter的语序不能改。如:

I asked him what was wrong/ the matter.

3.Which side of Mike’s stomach hurts? 麦克的胃部哪边痛?

hurt在本句中用作不及物动词,意为“疼”。如:

My arm hurts. 我胳膊疼。

Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗?

hurt还可作为及物动词。如:

The wound still hurts him. 他仍然感到伤口疼。

hurt, harm, wound与injure的辨析

hurt常指精神上或肉体上的伤害,含有强烈的疼痛。

harm指对人或事物造成危害,这种危害不一定直接的,也不一定有痛楚。

wound通常指外界暴力造成创伤,多指枪、刀伤害,也可指感情上的伤害。

injure着重指健康、机能、外貌的伤害或损害,多指意外或事故造成伤害。

His words hurt me/ my feelings. 他的话伤了我/我的感情。

He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下来伤了腿。

Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸烟严重伤害了他的健康。

He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤。

Several children were injured in the accident. 好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。

4.I’ve got a pain here. 我这儿疼。

pain的用法

①表示身体某部位的疼时,为可数名词。如:

She has a pain in her back/ leg/ head. 她背(腿、头)疼。

②表示由损伤或疾疾引起的痛苦、疼痛时,为不可数名词。如:

Her back causes her a lot of pain. 她的背使她很疼。

③表示精神上的痛苦时,为不可数名词。如:

His harsh words caused her much pain. 他尖刻的话使她很痛苦。

④表示“努力、辛苦、操心”时,只用复数形式。如:

She takes great pains with her work. 她在工作上煞费苦心。

5.For lunch I had noodles, salad and later a peach. I didn’t have any supper because I didn’t feel very well.

午饭我吃了面条、沙拉,然后又吃了一个桃子。我因为感到不舒服所以晚饭没吃东西。

①for lunch中的for是介词,构成固定结构have…for…如:

What did you have for breakfast?

He had nothing for supper.

②feel very well中的well不是副词,而是形容词,意为“健康的”。如:

She is well in health. 她身体很健康。

6.Was the peach ripe or green? You ought to be careful with fruit.

桃子熟不熟?吃水果你该小心。

①句子中的green作“没有成熟的”解,是ripe(成熟的)反义词。例如:

The cherries are still too green to pick. 这些樱桃还太生,不能摘。

另外,green还可以表示“对环境无害的”,如阅读材料中第3段第6行的句子:…(who)have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods(尽量使用绿色干净的方式制作食品)。

green也可意为“无经验的,没有受过训练的”。如:

He is still green at this job. 他对这件工作还很生疏。

②be careful with fruit = be careful in eating fruit意为“吃水果时小心”。

7.It was a bit green. 它有点生。

①a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级,可以换用。表示“一点儿”。如:

The speaker spoke up a bit/ a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点,以便使别人听得清楚。

②a bit和a little在否定句中,意思正好相反。

not a bit=not at all

not a little=very much

试比较:I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。

I’m not a little tired. 我非常累。

③a little可直接作名词的定语,而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语,二者都只能修饰不可数名词。如:

There’s only a little/ a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。

注意:a bit of的复数是bits of,而a little不能变复数。

8.And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in the future.

我建议你将来不要吃不熟的水果。

1)advise意为“建议,忠告,劝告”,常用于下面五种结构:

①advise+n./ pron.

②advise sb.(not)to do sth.

③advise doing sth.

④advise sb. against(doing)sth.

⑤advise sb. +that sb.(should)do sth. (从句中用should do的虚拟语气)

The doctor advises a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。

The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生建议我多做运动。

We advised waiting till the proper time. 我们建议等待适当的时机。

His parents advised him against (doing) wrong. 他父母告诫他不要做坏事。

I advised him that he (should) attend the meeting. 我劝他参加这次会议。

advice是advise的名词形式,它是一个不可数名词。常用于:give(some)

advice on sth./ how to do…;ask for advice; follow/ take sb’s advice等。

2)in the future作“将来”(in time yet to come)解。

试比较in future作“今后”(from now on)解。例如:

You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后你最好不要单独外出。

No one knows what will happen in the future. 没人知道将来会发生什么事情。

9.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.

选择吃什么东西不再像以前那么容易了。

What to do是疑问词+不定式的结构,在句中作宾语,另外这一结构也可作主语、表语、定语等。如:

①what to do next hasn’t been decided yet.(主语)

②I don’t know whether to answer it.(宾语)

③The question is how to put it into practice.(表语)

问题是如何把它付诸实践。

④They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.

关于应当选谁的问题,他们交换了意见。(介词短语)

⑤The key with which to open the door has been lost.

开这扇门的钥匙不见了。(定语)

注意:这种结构含有情态意义,它相当于一个带should的从句。如第②题I don’t know whether I should answer it.

10.Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.

像我们的生活方式一样,我们的饮食习惯已发生了变化,我们身体所需要的燃料也不同了。

as在句中引起方式状语从句,此处采用了省略形式,并且是倒装结构,若改用正常语序则为as our way of life has changed。

as引起的方式状语从句中一般采用正常语序,但在正式语体中,也可采用倒装语序。如:

She plays the piano, as does her mother. 她和她母亲一样,会弹钢琴。

She looks forward, as does her secretary, to the completion of the building. 她像她秘书那样盼望大楼竣工。

11.Traditional diets often have too much fat and too many calories for the 21st century person.

对于21世纪的人来说,传统饮食常常含有太多的脂肪和太多的卡路里。

①diet与food的区别:diet和food都可作“食物”解。但diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物,特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物,如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般的词语,凡能吃喝的东西都可称为food。如:

The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。

Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.

Milk is the natural food for young babies.

②too much与too many的区别

too much可以作形容词,修饰不可数名词,也可用作副词,修饰动词。例如:

There is too much rain here in spring. 春天这里的雨水太多。

She talked too much at the meeting. 她在会上讲得太多了。

too many可作形容词,修饰可数名词。

③calorie=calory卡路里或卡,指食物所产生的热量,也可以作热量单位。例如:

One thin piece of bread has 90 calories. 一薄片面包有九十卡路里的热量。

12.If you want to keep up with the high pace of modern life, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.

要是我们想跟上现代生活的快节奏,我们最好在吃的东西和吃的方式上学会做出合适的选择。

keep up with意为“跟上,不落后于”,表示并肩前进,并驾齐驱。如:

John finds it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class in maths.

约翰发现在数学方面很难跟上班里的其他同学。

Can you walk a little slower? I can’t keep up with you.

你能走慢一点吗?我跟不上你。

catch up with 是指在已经落后的情况下“追上,赶上”。如:

He was behind in his studies because of illness, but he is catching up with the others now.

他因为生病学习落后了,但现在正在奋起直追。

13.Calcium, which is found in eggs, milk and other dairy products, is good for our bones and teeth.

鸡蛋、牛奶及其他乳制品所含的钙对我们的骨骼和牙齿有好处。

①be good for意为“对……有好处”(反义短语为be bad for)如:

Walking is good for our health.

Milk is good for children. 牛奶对孩子有好处。

②product指任何体力劳动或脑力劳动所生产的东西,含义最广,是可数名词。

production指生产的动作或产量,也指生产的结果,还特指艺术作品。

produce作名词时,指农产品、天然产物或工业产品的总称,是不可数名词。

They must have new markets for their products. 他们的产品必须得有新市场。

The plan was the product of many hours of careful thought.

这个计划是经过数小时深思熟虑的产物。

The factory was built for the production of cars.

建造这家工厂是为了生产汽车。

Production is up this month. 这个月产量增长了。

Several new productions will appear on Broadway this month.

这个月要在百老汇上演好几部新作品。

The farmers brought their produce to town early each morning.

农民们每天清早把他们的农产品带到城里。

14.Many people today make choices about their eating habits based on what they believe.

今天,许多人基于他们自己的看法对饮食习惯做出选择。

based on what they believe是过去分词短语作状语,修饰主句谓语。如:

We’ll spend the night locked in your room.

我们要反锁在你的房间里度过这一夜。

15.Eating habits become part of who we are.

饮食习惯成为我们的一部分特征。

part of who we are表明饮食习惯在一定程度上反映出我们是什么样的人,也就是说,通过饮食习惯可以看出一个人的一些特点。

16.We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made: environmentally friendly foods, or “eco-foods”, are made by companies who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods.

我们也根据产品的种植与加工手段做出选择:绿色食品或“生态食品”是由那些尽量使用绿色或干净的办法生产出的。

①based on how the products are grown or made是过去分词短语作方式状语,how引起宾语从句,作介词on的宾语。who have tried to use green and clean ways to make the foods是定语从句修饰companies,此处who表示公司里的人,若用which则表示公司这一地方。

②foods表示各种各样的食品,所以用了复数,若单纯表示数量,则food是不可数名词。

17.Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat.

因为我们有这么多东西可以选择,许多公司和商店都对我们该吃什么提出建议。

to choose from是后置定语,修饰so much,构成动宾关系。

choose与choose from的辨析

choose意为“选中”,“选出”

choose from意为“从……中挑选”,from后接选择的范围

Have you chosen a hat yet? 你选了帽子了吗?

There’re different kinds of toys to choose from.

18.The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast.

有些公司建议我们用来快速减肥的“速成食疗”也是如此。

①go在本句中意为“行得通,起作用”。再如:

This truth goes everywhere. 这个真理到处适用。

go也可意为“流传;表达”。如:

As the saying goes, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

俗话说,双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

②some companies say是定语从句中的插入语,这种插入语应位于关系代词之后。如:

Choose the one answer which you think is correct in the following.

在下列句子里选择一个你认为正确的答案。

19.We ought to learn more about our body and the fuel it needs to keep fit. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.

对于我们的身体以及身体所需要的燃料我们应多加了解。只有这样我们才能做好充分准备,以应对生活中的挑战与机遇。

①it needs是定语从句,修饰fuel;so that引起目的状语从句。

②be well prepared for=be ready for意为“为……做好充分准备”,表示一种状态,be若换成get则表示动作,不延续。如:

We are well prepared for the exam now. 现在我们已为考试做好了充分准备。

Have you got prepared for the sports meet?

比较:be preparing for意为“在为……做准备”。如:

Bob is preparing for the exam. 鲍勃正为考试做准备。

When I’m preparing for my performance, I don’t like to be interrupted.

我正为表演做准备时,不喜欢被别人打扰。

③only后面跟介词短语,作状语时,引起部分倒装。

20.If our body is short of any of its kind, we will become sick.

如果我们的身体缺乏任何这一类物质,我们就会生病。

be short of作“缺乏,不足”解。例如:

They are short of nothing but time. 他们不缺任何东西只缺时间。

21.Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.

即使我们选择营养食品作为我们的主餐,我们有时可能仍需要补充燃料。

①even if=even though意为“即使”。如:

He will come even if he is ill. 即使病了,他也会来的。

Even if they offered to pay, I wouldn’t accept any money from them.

即使他们主动提出付款,我也不会收他们的钱的。

②now and then意为“有时(不时地),偶尔”,表示不经常发生(sometimes,but not often)如:

I see him now and then, but not often. 我偶尔看见他,但不常见。

I like to go to the opera now and then. 我有时喜欢去看歌剧。

22.We can give our body and brain more energy by eating snacks.

通过小吃我们可以给我们的身体和大脑提供更多的能量。

①brain表示“大脑、头脑”时,既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,如:

He’s nice, but hasn’t got much brain. 他人不错,但没大有头脑。

The man has a fine brain. 这人脑子很好用。

brain表示“头脑、智慧”时常用brains,此时为不可数名词。如:

Brains is more than just education. 有头脑不仅指受过教育。

He has much brains. 他很有头脑。

23.Best of all, they taste great!

最棒的是,它们味道好极了!

best of all意为“最好的是,最突出的是”。如:

Best of all, the medicine can help you sleep.

最佳的是,这药对你的睡眠有帮助作用。

24.Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are-all we have to do is clean or peel them.

多数水果本身就是甜的,我们可以不用加工就吃--所有要做的是就是洗净、去皮。

①the way they are中的they are是定语从句,the way后接定语从句时,一般用in which引导,也可以省略,也可换成that。如:

These are some of the ways in which they can be used.

He doesn’t speak the way (that) I do. 他说话方式不像我。

②all we have to do is clean and peel them中clean and peel是省去to的动词不定式,当主语部分含有实义动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。如:

The only thing I can do is lie in bed. 我唯一能做的就是躺在床上。

What you should have done was press the button.

篇3:Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)

有效的教学设计是有效课堂教学的保证。笔者通过研究相关英语教学知识,并在教学中不断实践、总结,提出有效的英语阅读教学设计主要包括三个方面:首先,以学生为本,以学生的兴趣、经验为基础;其次,以提高学生综合语言运用能力为出发点;再次,层层递进,创设不同形式的任务和活动。

本文以一堂英语阅读教学研讨课为例,探讨阅读教学的有效设计。

一、教学设计案例

(一)教材分析

阅读材料选自人教版Go for it!九年级Unit 13We Are Trying to Save The Earth Section B部分的Rethink,Reuse和Recycle。文章主要介绍了三位在节能环保方面做出杰出贡献的人物,他们凭借灵感和创造性思维把生活中司空见惯的垃圾变成实用品或工艺品的故事。

(二)学情分析

学生原有的知识和经验:通过本单元前几课时的学习,学生对环保话题比较熟悉。本学期的劳技课中,学生参加了“变废为宝”的创意比赛,对废物回收利用有了独特理解。

能力和情感:通过前面几课时的学习,学生对文中的被动语态、某些相关词汇和表达基本理解,对文本内容和思想基本了解。根据学生的活动和学习经验,学生对文中提到的“变废为宝”的奇思妙想和创作有非常浓厚的兴趣,对通过灵感和才智来节能环保,拯救地球有认同感。

(三)教学目标分析

有效的阅读教学设计应以三维目标为指导,即通过阅读学习,积累语言知识,发展语言技能,掌握一定的阅读方法和阅读策略,在理解文本的同时体会文章所呈现的情感态度和价值观。以下是这次阅读课的具体阅读目标:

1. 通过阅读文章,学生能正确使用下列常用的词汇和表达:recycle,wooden,metal,bottle,throw...away,put sth.to good use,pull...down,upside down,bring back,能正确认读以下词汇:inspiration,iron,creativity。

2. 学生能借助文中的插图和标题,对文章内容进行合理的预测;能用略读的阅读方法,快速找出每段的段落大意;能用寻读的方法,找到文中的细节描述;能借助上下文和构词特征,猜测部分词汇的意思。

3. 通过阅读学习,学生能从中得到环保再生的灵感和启发。

(四)教学设计思路

以有效教学设计的要点为指导,在阅读的3个阶段(读前、读中、读后)设计符合学生认知的、感兴趣的、不同形式的任务和活动,引导学生运用多种阅读策略理解文本,理清文章脉络,形成对环保再生的积极态度。

学生在阅读学习过程中,通过预测、略读、寻读等阅读策略,完成文本结构的分析、段意的匹配、表格的填写、思维导图的填写、问题的回答、标题的深层剖析和小组讨论等一系列活动,深入理解文章。

二、教学过程

(一)读前活动

Activity 1:warming-up

上课前,教师准备一些实物:破牛仔裤、饮料瓶等。在课堂上,教师向学生提问:“What are they?How do you deal with these things?But after you see something you may change your mind.”然后,教师拿出另外两样实物,分别是用破牛仔裤做的包和饮料瓶做的花瓶,然后向学生提问:“这是用什么做成的?”

【评析】课前几分钟的预热让学生很快进入学习最佳状态。通过两类实物的对比,为学生进入话题埋下伏笔,这样的设计符合学生的认知。同时,实物给学生直观的视觉冲击,创造了真实的语境。在真实的情景中处理部分词汇和表达,如rubbish,iron,bottle,throw away,put...in good use,bring back to life等。

Activity 2:predicting

在这个环节中,学生通过读标题和看图片(见图1、图2、图3)来预测阅读内容。教师提问:

1. What does the title“Rethink,Reuse,Recycle”mean in literally?

2. What do you think might be talked about in the article after reading the three pictures?

【评析】通过上一个活动的铺垫,学生利用标题和插图进一步预测文章,这一任务的设计符合活动的递进性。预测和推断文本也是通过阅读教学对学生的阅读策略进行培养的目标之一,学生根据构词法通过re前缀猜测词意。

(二)读中活动

Activity 3:Choosing after Skimming

学生通过预测和略读(Skimming)的方法,检验文章的主要内容是否与预测相符。教师给出两个小任务。

1. Please choose the way in which the passage is organized.

A.(1)—(2)(3)(4)B.(1)(2)—(3)(4)

2. Please find the topic sentence.

【评析】教师通过自上而下的方式处理文本,有利于学生从宏观的角度把握文章的组织结构,训练学生用略读(Skimming)策略了解文章结构布局和topic sentence。文章的“总—分”结构相对明显,学生能够顺利完成第一个任务。学生了解文章的“总—分”结构后,能快速地从总起段找到中心句:Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.

Activity 4:Matching

教师要求学生运用略读和寻读的技巧,对文章的主体部分进行快速阅读,并对以下信息进行匹配。

【评析】此任务的设计是让学生进一步理解文章的主体结构和主要内容。文章通过三个杰出人物的例子进一步围绕主题句展开探讨。在配对的活动中,学生的寻读和略读技巧得到了运用,同时引导学生学习文章主体部分是如何围绕中心段展开叙述的。

Activity 5:Fill in the table after careful reading

细读第一个例子,完成表1,并提醒学生关注Amy Hayes的环保再生创作,同时品读文章的细节描述。

【评析】学生通过表1了解作者是如何对环保作品做具体描述和介绍的,并体会创作者的灵感。这一活动训练了学生寻读的技能,有助于把握和整理细节。同时,从前一个任务的整体感知到此任务的具体分析,符合学生从整体到局部的认知规律,体现了任务设计的层层递进性。

Activity 6:Finish the mind-map after careful reading

教师要求学生细读第3段,完成下面的思维导图。在完成思维导图的同时,关注动词不定时to do这一语言结构。

【评析】此项活动是对文章局部信息的理解。在阅读中,学生关注频繁出现的语言结构to do这一不定式,使学生在语用中感知语言,真正做到在用中学。

Activity 7:Answer the questions after careful reading

教师要求学生阅读最后一个例子,并完成以下四个问题:

1.Wang Tao is known for_________________.

2.He_______makes larger pieces that look like animals and humans______small pieces that can be put at home.

3. Why does he hope to set up a“metal art”theme park?

4. What can art bring according to the last sen-tence?

【评析】此次任务虽然还是聚焦细节的阅读,但并不是简单的重复寻读的任务,在任务的形式上采用问答的方式,比起前两个任务的难度有所增加。学生在理解细节后,需要概括并用自己的语言进行回答。在问题2中,教师应提醒学生关注文中的连词。

(三)读后活动

Activity 8:Rethinking the meaning of the title

教师要求学生在通篇理解文章后,再次对文章标题进行挖掘和剖析。教师说:“Let’s return to the title and rethink the meaning of the title.Would you like to talk about your understanding after reading the whole passage?”引导学生对阅读做更深层次的解读,使学生对文本的理解不再局限于字面意思,鼓励学生欣赏文本的文艺性和所要传达的充满正能量的价值观,达到提升文本内涵,升华学生情感的目的。

根据学生的回答,教师以图片的形式进行最后总结(见图4)。Rethink:think again in one’s mind.Reuse:use again in one’s action.Recycle:cycle something again to get a positive result.即先有想法,然后付诸实践,最后达到良性循环,从而拯救环境,保护地球。

【评析】学生通过深度解读文本,不仅获得了文字表面信息,而且有利于关注文本的人文性。同时,此任务与预测标题的任务达到了前后呼应的效果。

Activity 9:discussion

这个任务链中包括三个小任务:学生在小组内讨论生活中有哪些垃圾可以被回收、如何将回收的垃圾变废为宝、模仿阅读文本写出有关垃圾再利用的创意。

【评析】该任务为开放性讨论,小组成员可以集思广益,交流和谈论各自的创作,在完成任务的过程中自然地运用所学的目标语言,内化语言学习知识。

三、有效阅读教学设计要点

有效英语阅读教学设计必须坚持以学生为中心,以“可理解的语言输入(comprehensive input:克拉申i+1公式)”为出发点,根据学生现有的语言认知水平和生活经验(i),设计略高于现有水平的课堂教学活动(1),让学生获得最佳的学习效果(刘玉屏、孙晓明2010)。案例中的活动设计充分考虑了学生在不同阶段的认知水平和经验,设置学生“跳一跳”就能够得着的任务。比如,任务Activity 2的设计既对学生有挑战性,又不超出学生的认知水平。

有效英语阅读课堂设计,要挖掘文本的工具性和人文性,制订综合的三维教学目标,即知识能力、方法策略、情感态度和价值观(教育部2012)。案例中的每个活动都有明确的目标,且各有侧重。如Activity 4的设计既训练了学生寻读的阅读技能,又强调了学生对语言知识点的学习;Activity 8的设计凸显了文本所要传递的情感和价值观。

有效英语阅读课,应设计层层递进的任务链,在循序渐进的语言运用中自觉获得语言能力(龚亚夫、罗少茜2003)。在案例中,阅读的9个任务贯穿于3个环节的真实语境中,难度从低到高,层层递进。

参考文献

龚亚夫,罗少茜.2003.任务型语言教学[M].北京:人民教育出版.

教育部.2012.义务教育课程标准(2011年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社.

篇4:Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)

1.To be, or not to be -that is the question.

生还是死--这是个问题。

这句话是莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》中的一个名句。意为“To live or not to live-that is the question.对于这种名句名言类的,在平时写作中可以采用仿似的修辞手法,给人印象深刻。根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语,临时更换其中的某个部分,造成新的成语或谚语;或者根据古今名言警句,在保持其原句不变的情况下,更换其中部分词语,这种修辞方式叫仿似。

eg. To lie or not to lie-the doctor’s dilemma.

撒谎还是不撒谎--医生的难题。

To do it or not to do it is not the only question.

做还是不做这事不是唯一的问题。

2.Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.

戴王冠的头是不能安于他的枕席的。

①本句表语uneasy放到句首,引起完全倒装,这主要是因为主语过长,为了句子平衡,我们常常把形容词放于句首。

eg. Gone are the days when we used “foreign oil”.

我们用“洋油”的时代过去了。

Present at the meeting were the scientists, who came from different countries.

出席会议的是科学家,他们来自不同国家。

②(lie在此用作系动词,表示“处于某种状态”,它的过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain.)

eg. The machine lay idle all week.这机器整整一周没有开动。

The dust has lain undisturbed for years. 尘土积在那儿很多年了。

③wear表示“穿着”指状态,可以用进行时;宾语除衣服鞋帽外,还可以是首饰,服饰,发型等。

eg. He’s wearing a new coat. 他穿着一件新大衣。

Does your brother wear glasses?你的弟弟戴眼镜吗?

He wears his hair very short.他留着短发。

She wears a string of pearls around her neck.

她的脖子上戴着一串珍珠项链。

wear还可作“(面容等)显露,呈现;磨损,磨破”讲

eg. She wore an angry expression.她面带笑容。

I have worn my socks into holes.我的袜子已磨出洞来了。

3. “Romeo, Romeo, why are you Romeo? Deny your father, and refuse your name”

罗密欧,罗密欧,为什么你叫罗密欧?与你的父亲断绝关系,不要你这个名字了吧

deny(denied, denied, denying)作为及物动词,表示“否认,不承认;不给,不准;(正式)抛弃,背弃”讲。它后面可接名词,动名词和宾语从句。

eg. Can you deny the truth of his statement?

你能否认他的声明的真实性吗?

He denied telling me/that he had told me.

他否认告诉过我。

I was denied the chance of going to college.

不给我上大学的机会。

He has denied his country and his principles!

他背弃了他的国家和他的原则!

4.What must Antonio give Shylock if he can’t pay back the debt?

如果安东尼奥不能偿还夏洛克的借款,他必须给夏洛克什么?

Pay back意为“还钱给某人”,主要句型有pay sb. back(sth) 和pay sth back.例如:

I’ll pay him back with all my heart. 我将用我的生命向他偿还。

Have you paid me back the money you owe me yet?

你向我借的钱还我了吗?

Pay back还表示“惩罚,报复”。例如:

I’ll pay him back for the trick he played on me.

他对我使坏,我得治治他。

与pay搭配的常见短语有:

pay for sth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚

pay off带来好结果

pay sb off付清工资予以解雇;贿赂某人

pay sth. off全部偿还

pay sth. out(按时)为某事付巨款

pay up付清全部欠款

eg. The home team paid dearly for their defensive errors.

主队因防守错误而大吃苦头。

The gamble paid off.赌赢了。

pay off the crew of a ship 付清全部船员工资并予以解雇

pay off one’s debts, a loan, a mortgage还清债务、贷款、抵押款

I had to pay out £200 to get my car repaired!

我得花200英镑修理汽车!

We’re paying out £300 a month on our mortgage.

我们每月要付300英镑抵押贷款。

I’ll take you to court unless you pay up immediately.

除非马上还请欠款,否则我和你打官司。

5.What makes a play a masterpiece is that the ideas behind the play are about problems which are still important to people of different ages in modern times.

一部戏剧要成为不朽之作。剧中所反映的问题就应该对现代不同年龄层次的人仍然有重要的意义。

①句中what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句,which引导定语从句。

②people of different ages 表示所属关系“属于的”;

a girl of ten十岁的女孩儿

a child of strange appearance 外貌奇特的孩子

an item of value一件值钱的物品

③in modern times指“当代”。time 表示“时期,时代”常用复数。

in ancient times 在古代;in the time of Queen Victoria 在维多利亚女王时代

6.But when the roles are turned around, it is Shylock who must beg the Duke to save his life.

但是当角色被转变的时候,夏洛克一定请求公爵饶他一命。

①turn around在这里指“(方针、立场等)转变”。

②“it is shylock who”为强调句式,本句强调的是主语部分。注意强调句的特点是去掉It is/was和that,剩余部分经过整理后整个句子仍然成立。

③beg sb. to do sth.意为“恳求或祈求某人做某事物”。例如:

I beg you not to take any risks.我恳求你不要冒险。

7.What would you do if you had your worst enemy in your power?

①如果你最坏的敌人处于你的掌握之中,你将会怎么做?

②in one’s power意为“在某人的掌握之中,任由某人摆布”

The enemy is in our power.

敌人在我们的控制之中。

8.We can find several such ideas in Shakespeare’s play.

我们可以在莎士比亚的戏剧中找到一些这种观点。

在ideas这个中心名词前有两个限定词修饰。限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。限定词包括:①冠词 ②形容词性物主代词 ③名词所有格 ④形容词性指示代词 ⑤所有格关系代词 ⑥所有格疑问代词 ⑦形容词性不定代词 ⑧基数词和序数词 ⑨倍数词和分数词 ⑩量词。限定词可分为:①前位限定词②中位限定词 ③后位限定词。个别限定词有跨类现象,如本句such既属予前位限定词,又可归入后位限定词。当与冠词a, an连用时属于前位限定词,例如:such a suit; 当与some, any, all, few, another, other, many, several, one, two等词搭配时属于后位限定词,即such要放在这些词之后,例如:many such books, no such car。

9.Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock.

夏洛克,对安东尼奥会仁慈一点吧。

句中mercy为不可数名词,意为“仁慈,宽恕”。常见的短语有:

①have mercy on/upon sb./sth.=show mercy to sb/sth表示“对表示同情;对有怜悯之心”

②at the mercy of sb./sth任由某人或某事摆布

③throw oneself on sb’s mercy恳求某人宽恕/善待

eg. She has mercy on little animals. 她怜悯小动物。

They showed little mercy to their enemies.他们对敌人毫不仁慈。

His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke.

他的生命将由公爵处置。

The ship was at the mercy of the storm.

那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。

He threw himself on my mercy.他求我宽恕他。

10.I’ve promised to take my pound of flesh.

我已经许诺割下我的一磅肉。

①promise作为及物动词,常接的结构有promise to do sth; promise sb. to do sth; promise后接双宾语和promise接从句。

eg. I never promised to obey her commands.

我从未答应过要服从她的命令。

His pareats promised him to buy a new bike.

他父母答应给他买辆新车。

She promised me a gift for my birthday.

她答应送我一件生日礼物。

He promised that he would come.

他答应来。

②flesh与meat的辨析

flesh通常指人或动物身上的肉,也可指供食用的兽类的肉(区别于鱼或禽的肉)。meat 指供食用的肉类的总称,通常不包括鱼和家禽的肉。

eg. You’re losing flesh.你瘦了。

Lions are flesh-eating animals. 狮子是肉食动物。

I like meat while my sister likes fish.

我喜欢吃肉而我妹妹喜欢吃鱼。

注意:meat 是供食用的肉类的总称,猪肉、牛肉、羊肉等各有其专门名称,即pork, beef, mutton

11. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.

尽力与夏洛克争论是没有用的。

It’s useless doing= It’s no use doing表示“做没有用处”

由it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动名词。例如:

It is no use learning without thinking.学而不思则罔。

It’s no good crying over spilt mick.覆水难收。

12.You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.

你还不如站在海滩上跟大海讲理去。

①might as well表示给人提出建议时的常见的短语,意为“不妨好,还是好。”

I might as well tell you the truth.

我还是告诉你事实真相的好。

②go stand upon sth.表示“去站在上面”。例如:

Would you please go stand upon that board?

你愿意去站在那块板上吗?

He dare not go stand upon that high tower.

他不敢去站在那座高塔上。

13. Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants.

对我宣判吧,把夏洛克想要得到的东西给他吧。

pass judgment on sb.表示“对某人宣判”。

eg. When will the judge pass judgement on that woman?

法官什么时候对那个女子审判?

The court will not pass judgement on him until next Sunday.

直到下周日法庭才会对他宣判。

14. If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.

即使你愿意给我六倍个刚才你提出的那个钱数,我还是要拿回我应得的那一磅肉。

①本句为虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反。

②offer即可作动词又可以作名词,表示主动提出,提供(一种东西或一项建议);还表示出价,与介词for连用

eg. The young man offered the old man his own seat.(offer sb. sth.)

那位年轻人主动将自己的座位让给了老大爷。

I offered him fifty thousand dollars for the house.(offer sb. money for sth.)

我向他出价5万美金买这栋房子。

He offered to lend me some books.(offer to do)

他主动提出借一些书给我。

③times(n.)在此处用来表示倍数。用times表示“甲是乙的几倍大(高、长、宽等)”。

(1)“甲比乙大(高、长、宽等)几倍”,可以用下列句型:

A is three times the size(height, length, width, etc) of the old one.

The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四位高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍]了)

This street is four times the length(the width) of that one.

这条街是那条街的四倍长(四倍宽)。

The size(The height) of the new building is four times that of the old one.

这座新楼的大小(高度)是那座旧楼的四倍。(由于句首已用了the size, the height, 所以在four times后面用代词that来代替,以避免重复。)

(2)A is three times as big(high, long, wide, etc) as B

Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。)

This box is three times as heavy as that one.

这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。

(3)A is three times bigger (higher, longer, wider)than B

The meeting-room is three times bigger than our office.

会议室比我们的办公室大三倍。

注意:用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice(adv.)或double(adj.)。例如:

The room is twice the size of that one.= This room is twice as big as that one.

这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。

Our total income of 2004 was double of 2000.

我们2004年的总收是2000年的两倍。

15.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?

如果你一点儿都不对别人表现仁慈,又怎么能希望自己得到仁慈?

①when 在此处引导一个条件状语从句

②hope不能直接跟宾语,它需要一个介词for。

eg. Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.

抱最好的希望,作最坏的准备。

We are hoping for better weather soon.

我们期待天气会很快好转。

16.I desire my pound of flesh.

desire 是及物动词,意为“渴望,要求,期望”。后面可接名词(代词)、动词不定式及从句作宾语。

eg. All of us desire better life and more education.

我们所有人都渴望更好的生活和更多的教育。

We always desire to live in peace with our neighbour.

我们总是渴望与邻国和平相处。

Mr Wang desires that you should go to the teacher’s office at once.

王老师希望你立刻到教师办公室去。

desire还可作名词,意为“渴望,要求”

eg. At the desire of the teacher, we should finish our homework on time.按照老师的要求,我们应该准时完成作业。

17. I do not envy you your job. This is a most troublesome case.

我不羡慕你的工作,这是一件是棘手的案件。

①envy sb. sth表示“羡慕某人,嫉妒某人”。

I envy you very much.我真羡慕你。

She envies me my good health.她羡慕我身体好。

②a most+adj.= a very + adj.表示“一个很的”。

the most+形容词最高级表示“最之意”,这时句末一定要有表达范围的介词of或in.

eg. Dalian is a most beautiful coastal city.

大连是一座很美的海滨城市。

This is a most enjoyable party.这是一次令人极为愉快的晚会。

She worked out the most difficult problem of the three.

她解出了这三道题中最难的一道。

Mary is the most beautiful girl in our class.

玛丽是我们班里最美的女孩。

18.What are you accused of ?你因什么而受到起诉?

accuse sb. of sth. 意为“因控告人,告发,指责人”

eg. The police accused him of theft.警方控告他偷窃。

He was accused of murder. 他被控谋杀。

She accused him of being late.她指责他迟到。

19.Let me tear up this paper.让我们这张借条撕了吧。

句中的tear up的意思是“撕毁”

eg. She tore up all the letters he had seut her.

她把他写来的信都撕了。

tear up可以引申为“不履行”。

eg. He accused his secretary of tearing up the agreement.

他控告他的助理不履行协议。

tear down意为“弄倒,拆除”。

eg. They are tearing down those old house to build a new office block.

他们拆除那些旧房子以便盖一座新办公楼。

20.Antonio, get ready and offer up your breast.

安东尼奥,准备好露出你的胸膛。

offer up 在本句中意为“奉献”,主要用于表示向上帝或神祭献某人或某物。例如:

She offered up a prayer to God for her husband’s safe return.

她向上帝祈讨保佑她丈夫平安回来。

21.I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you.

我宣布法庭允许你,法律判给你这一磅肉。

declare表示“正式宣布(某事);表明,郑重地说(某事)”。

eg. America declared war on Iraq last year.

去年美国向伊拉克宣战。

They declared him(to be) the winner.

他们宣布他为得胜者。

He declared that he had nothing to do with the matter.

他宣称自己与此事无关。

She was declared(to be) guilty. 已宣判她有罪。

22.He agreed to lend Antonio the money on one condition.

他同意借钱给安东尼奥,但有个条件。

condition在此处意为“条件”,需要识记的短语为:

on this/that condition在这种或那种情况下

on what condition 在什么情况下

on no condition无论什么情况都不

in condition健康良好

out of condition身体不佳

on condition that是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,意为“只有在条件下”(=only if),“条件是”。

eg. You may borrow this book on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.你可以借这本书,条件是不能再借给别人。

Ability and effort are conditions of success.

才能和努力是成功的条件。

On this condition you may go home earlier.

在这种情况下,你可以早一点回家。

On what condition will you agree with me?

什么条件下,你才能同意我?

He can’t climb the mountain because he is out of condition.

他不能爬山,因为他身体欠佳。

23.He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.他很年轻,但是我过

去从来不知道有这么年轻又如此聪明的人。

在一个名词词组中,不定冠词a/an通常用在形容词的前面。如a serious mistake。但是,如果形容词前面有so, too, how时,a/an 就该放在形容词后面,其结构是“so/too/how+adj+a/an+n.”。能够构成这种结构的名词必须是单数可数名词。

eg. Did you notice that you have made so serious a mistake?

你是否注意到你出了一个很严重的错?

It’s too difficult a book for beginners.

这本书对初学者是太难了。

How wonder ful a plan it would be! 那该是一个多么好的计划啊。

试比较:He is so good a teacher that we all like him.= He is such a good student that we all like him.

练一练:用so, such填空

1.__________ big a city 2._____________ a pretty girl

3.__________ good students 4._____________fine weather

5.__________many books 6._____________much water

7.__________ little food 8._____________ few oranges

答案:

1. so 2. such 3. such 4. such 5. so 6. so 7.so 8. so

24.You want justice, so you get justice, more than you wanted.

他要求公正,那么就让你得到公证,比你要求的还要多。

shall 在此处用于第二人称,表示说话人的允诺,意思是“可以”。

在本剧的最后还有:everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. One half of his money and his goods shall be givenand the other half shall be given两句中的shall用于第三人称,表示法令、规章等中的规定,意思是“必须”。shall 用于第二、三人称,还表示决心、命令、警告、要求、义务等。

eg. He shall answer for his misdeeds.他应当为他的错误行为负责。

You shall have a nice present for your birthday.

你过生日时将会得到一份精美的礼物。

Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.

什么也不能阻止我们实现这项计划。

shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方意见。

eg. Shall we go now?我们现在走可以吗?

She he come in?可以让他进来吗?

25.Therefore, go down on your knees and beg the Duke for mercy.

因此,跪下来请求公爵的宽恕吧。

①go down on one’s knees 的意思是“跪下”、“屈膝”。

They will never go down on their knees before the oppressors.

他们绝不向压迫者屈膝。

②beg for意为“乞求,请求”

He went down on his knees and begged for forgiveness.

他跪下来请求饶恕。

26.My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.

我的钱和财产对我就像生命一样宝贵。

dear 在此处的意思是“珍贵的”

He lost everything that was dear to him.

他表达了他所珍贵的一切。

goods在此处的意思的“动产”。

27.Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.

夏洛克必须答应在他死后把这笔钱给他的女儿和女婿。

①句中的upon 等于on,表示“就在某时或某场合之后。”例如:

Upon my arrival home I found there was something strange.

我一到家就发现不对劲。

On asking for information I was told I must wait.

我一打听,说我得等着。

②leave sth. to sb.表示“将某事物遗赠给某人;死后留下某物给某人”

leave all one’s money to charity把所有的钱遗赠给慈善事业。

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篇5:Unit 13 Healthy eating重点解释(人教版高二英语下册教案教学设计)

为什么学生在闻瓶中气味时要当心?

be careful doing的意思是“做某事仔细或小心”,be careful后面常跟with,in,about等介词短语,也可跟to do或从句。例如:

People should be more careful about the things they say.

大家对自己说的话应该很谨慎。

Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.

要小心把药放在安全的地方,不要让小孩拿到。

Please be very careful with those plates! 那些盘子,要十分小心。

2.What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?

如果你眼睛里进了东西,该怎么办?

①“be+ to do”结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。例如:

We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在校门口碰头。(安排)

You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你得在10点钟前回来。(命令)

A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。(用途)

They were never to meet again.他们注定以后永远不再见面。(命中注定)

②不定式的被动式用于当逻辑主语是不定式动作的接受者。再如:

Do you want to be taught German? 你想让人教你德语吗?

3.More roads and trains mean more pollution.

更多的路和火车意味着更多的污染。

试比较:mean to do sth. 打算干某事 mean doing sth. 意味着…

I don’t mean to argue with you. 我不打算跟你吵架。

Passing the entrance exam means being admitted into college.

通过了高考意味着被大学录取。

4.It is fast and clean and it doesn’t make any noise as planes do.

它既快又清洁而不像飞机那样制造噪音。

①make a noise 吵闹、喧哗、制造噪音。例如:

Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.

Don’t make so much noise. 不要大声喧哗。

②as在这里作连词用,意思为“像……一样”,如:

She is a fine singer,as her mother used to.

像她妈妈过去一样,她是个很好的歌手。

5.We should make more use of this new technology.

我们应该更好地利用这种新技术。

make use of利用,use前不用冠词,但可以加上某些形容词。如:

make good use of好好利用

make full use of充分利用

make the best use of充分利用

make little use of 不充分利用

6.It is good for the economy、那对经济(发展)有好处。

be good for作“对……有好处”;“对……有益”。例如:

Milk is good for you. 牛奶对你健康有益。

It is not good for children to give them everything they want.

孩子要什么就给什么,这对他们并无益处。

比较:be good to sb.(对……友善)。例如:

This boss is good to his employees, especially when they are ill.

这位老板对他的雇员很好,尤其是当他们生病时。

be good at(擅长于)。例如:

The children is good at language study.这孩子擅长语言学习。

7.In the 18th century,Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.

十八世纪,本杰明弗兰克林做了一系列实验,以证明电是什么。

In June 1752,I wanted to show that lighting and electricity are the same.

1752年6月,我要证明闪电和电是一回事。

①一般来说,从句的动词时态与主句的动词时态保持一致,也就是说,如果主句中用过去时,从句一般也用过去范畴的时态。但是如果从句表达的是一种真理或客观事实,使用一般现在时。

②“做实验”的各种说法:

do an experiment

make an experiment

perform an experiment

conduct an experiment

carry out an experiment

③conduct作为及物动词,作“指导,引导;指挥(乐团、乐曲);经营,管理”。如

He conducted me around the museum. 他领我参观了博物馆。

He conducted the orchestra. 他指挥管弦乐团。

The manager conducted his business carefully.

这个经理谨慎地管理着他的业务。

④a number of表示“很多的,大量的”,后接可数名词的复数,谓语动词用复数形式。而the number of则表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

A number of children play games online. 很多孩子在网上玩游戏。

The number of cars is increasing year by year.

骄车的数量在逐年增长。

8.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.

意识到我能用风筝来吸引闪电,我决定做一个实验。

having realised是现在分词的完成式,在句中作状语,表示其动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前,相当于when I had realized that…,再如:

Having answered the letter,she went on to listen to the radio.

回完了信,她开始接着听收音机。

Having been praised at the meeting,the girl felt very happy.

在会上受到了表扬,这个女孩感到非常高兴。

9.The string was getting charged. 细线开始带电!

①charge作及物动词,作“使……充满,饱含”。如:

He’s charging a battery. 他正在为蓄电池充电。

②“get+过去分词”表示“被(受)……”。get用在表示动作的动词过去分词之前表被动语态,它强调该动作和其所造成主语状态的变化。如:

He got lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。

The audience got confused. 观众被搞糊涂了。

10.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.

当时我开始认为这项实验行不通。

①work的意思是“起作用;产生影响;行得通;奏效”。例如:

The medicine seems to be working. 药好像起作用了。

Will your method work? 你的方法行吗?

②比较begin to do与begin doing:

1)begin后跟to do或doing,含义上没有多少差异。如果谈论一个长期的习惯动作开始养成时,更加常用begin doing。例如:

How old were you when you first began playing the piano?

2)当begin后面跟的是understand,realize,see,know,think等动词时,用begin to do。例如:

She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.

经过重新考虑后,她开始认为她错了。

3)当begin用于进行时态时,其后跟to do。如:

Mary is beginning to do her homework.

4)当主语是物或用于描述天气变化时,其后跟to do如:

The water began to boil. 水开始开了。

It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不觉地天黑下来了。

11.This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.

这个实验证明闪电与电相同的。

prove作为及物动词,当“证明,证实”讲,如:

The facts prove that he is a brave fighter.(prove + that从句)

事实证明他是一个勇敢的战士。

He has proved his courage in the battle.(prove + n)

在战斗中已经证明了他的勇气。

He proved himself to be a capable general.(prove+宾语+宾补)

他证明自己是一位有能力的将军。

prove还可作系动词,后接形容词或名词作表语,意为“证明是……”。如:

The method proved(to be)effective. 这种办法证明是有效的。

He proved a successful manager. 他证明是一位成功的经理。

12.Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.

给风筝框上加上条尾巴并在中心架上系一条细线这样就能控制风筝了。

①add作为及物动词,意为“加,增加”如:

The fire is out,will you please add some wood?

火要灭了,请你添些木柴好吗?

②add…to…意为“在……放(加)……”如:

If you add some salt to the soup,it will taste better.

如果你在汤里放些盐,汤的味道会更好些。

③add to = increase增加,增添。如:

This visit will greatly add to our understanding of our country.

这次访问将大大增加我们对贵国的了解。

④add up to合计,总计。如:

His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.

他所受的学校教育加起来不到一年。

⑤tie…to…解释“把……绑在(系到)……上”。如:

The farmer tied the horse to a tree. 这个农夫把马拴在一棵树上。

13.Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.

注意不要让长线碰到墙壁或门。

take care常用于以下结构:

①take care of(爱护;照顾)。例如:

She urged me to take care of myself. 她力劝我保重自己。

She stayed at home to take care of the baby. 她留在家里照顾婴儿。

②take care that…(小心;注意)。例如:

Take care that you don’t spoil your clothes.

当心不要把衣服弄脏。

二、词语辨析

1.electric,electrical

这两个词都是“电的”意思。不同的是:electric指“由电产生的”或“带电的装置”;而“electrical”指“有关电学方面的”。

an electric clock/light/iron/wire

电子钟/电灯/电熨斗/电线

electrical engineering电工学

an electrical engineer 电力工程师

2.pull,draw,drag

①pull是个普通用语,意为“用力拉”,指使物体朝着发出力的方向移动,不强调移动的方式。

Mother pulled me by the hand. 妈妈拉着我的手。

Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把门拉开,别推。

②draw与pull意思接近,通常指“拖、拉”的动作比pull更均匀、平稳,从容

Out of the package he drew a paper and gave it to my father.

他从小包里抽出一份文件递给我父亲。

After some time,he began to draw the net in.

过了一些时候,他开始收网。

③drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”较笨重的东西,含“费力和用劲”之意。

He dragged himself along the street.

他拖着沉重的脚步沿街走着。

3.be made of;be made from;be made into

be made of指成品中可以看出原材料。

be made from指在成品中看不出原材料。

be made into其主语是原料,指某种原料可以制成(某种成品)

4.high,highly

high用作形容词时,其意思是“高的”,但常引电为“强烈的;高尚的;崇高的”。high还可用作副词,其意思是“高;显著的;强烈地”。

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