初中英语名词用法小结

2022-10-27

总结是记录某个时期的学习或工作情况，通过系统性分析的方式，编写出详细的书面报告，通过这份报告的内容，可让我们更加了解工作情况。那如何写出科学合理的总结呢？以下是小编整理的《初中英语名词用法小结》的相关内容，希望能给你带来帮助!

第一篇：初中英语名词用法小结

初中英语被动语态用法小结

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am/is/are+spoken

一般过去时：was/were+spoken

一般将来时：will/shall be+spoken

现在进行时：am/is/are being+spoken

过去进行时：was/were being+spoken

现在完成时：have/has been+spoken

过去完成时：had been + spoken

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

A tree was cut down by him.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once.

六、特殊情况

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

被动语态同步达标练习】

Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)

( )1 .The medicine______in a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市中考题)

A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep

( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must______down too many trees . (2001年安徽省中考题)

A .stop to out B .stop from cutting

C .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting

( )5 .The key ______ for locking the classroom door . (2001年广西省中考题)

A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use

( )6 .A new school______over there in two years . (2001年四川省中考题)

A .may build B .may be built C .is built

( )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can______sending e-mail .(电子邮件) (2001年苏州市中考题)

A .use for B .be used of C .be used for D .use of

( )9 .—What a nice garden !

—It______every day . (2000年武汉市中考题 )

A .is cleaning B .has cleaned C .must clean D .is cleaned

( )10 .This work ______next week . (2000年广西省中考题)

A .may finish B .finish C .finishes D .may be finished

( )11 .My house______in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years . (2000年广西省中考题)

A .was built B .has built C .is built D .were built

( )12 .The lost boy______early this morning . (2000年四川省中考题)

A .found B .was founded C .was found D .founded

( )13 .That white building______two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000年河北省中考题)

A .built B .was built C .is built D .builds

( )14 .The big tree______by my mother ten years ago .(2000年甘肃省中考题)

A .was planted B .planted C .has planted D .was planting【综合能力训练】 Ⅱ .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。

1 .English______widely______(use) in the world .

2 .These pictures must (keep) well .

3 .She______(fall) ill last night ,and she______(take) to the hospital at once . 4 .Now rice and wheat______(grow) in my hometown ,too .Look !The

crops__________(grow) fast in the fields .

5 .The Great Wall (know) all over the world .

6 .______the street lights usually ______(turn) on at seven in summer evening ? 7 . ______this kind of car______(produce) in Wuhan ?

8 .______the doctor______(send) for last night ?

9 .We used a teapot before the thermos______(invent) .

10 .Three children______(take) good care of by the nurse .

11 .Some new houses______(build) by the villagers themselves .

12 .What language ______(speak) in Japan ?

13 .The black bike______(buy) in that shop three days ago .

14 .The doctor said Jim must ______(operate) on at once .

15 .The big tree______(blow) down in the storm last night .

【创新备考训练】

Ⅲ .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。

1 .You needn’t do it now .

2 .You must finish your homework now .

3 .We can do the work today .

8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .

9 .Yesterday we played football after school .

10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall . 11 .He often helps his brother .

第二篇：英语从句用法小结

一、主语从句

★ 定义：主语从句时名词性从句中的一种，指句中的主语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。

★ 连词：引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, 连接代词有who, what, which, 连接副词有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That she was able to come made us very happy.

Whether she will come or not is still a question. What we need is more time. Who will go makes no difference. Which team will win the match is still unknown. When they will start is not known yet. Where she has gone is a mystery. How this happened is not clear. Why he did that wasn’t. ★ 引导主语从句的that不作成分，但不能省略。 ★ 由it作形式主语，常用句型有：

It is +名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句

It is still a question whether she will come or not. It is strange that you should like him. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 此外，还有以下常用结构： It turned out that… 结果是… It has been found that…已经发现… It has been proved that…已经证明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…据说…

It is said/reported that…据说/据报道… It must be pointed out that…必须指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都没关系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫无区别

二、表语从句

★ 定义：表语是一个完整的句子。，由引导，有时可省略that. ★ 位置：从句位于系动词之后。

★ 连词：引导标语从句的连词有that，whether, as if, 代词who, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句：That fact is (that) she never liked him.

It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming. 这可能是此处的冰层覆盖对全球变暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task. ★ 注意：用because引导的标语从句仅限于以下一个句型 This/That/It is because (that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much. 主语是reason是，表语从句不能用why或because引导，只能用that.

One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people. 表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。 He looked as if he was going to cry.

三、同位语从句

★ 定义：同位语是一个名词，表示与前面名词相同的人或物，如“my friend John”中，John 是friend的同位语， the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中，river 是Yangtze的同位语。同位语从句即表示同位语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步uom该名词的具体内容，或对该名词作进一步解释。

★ 可接同位语从句的名词一般是具有一定内容含义的名词：conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 连词：that(不能用which)，连接副词when, how, why, whether, 连接代词what. ★ 例句： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. The news that our team has won the match is true. She asked the reason why there was a delay. The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved. He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.

四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

★ 从意义上看，同位语从句是名词性从句，是对一个名词加以补充说明，而定语从句是形容词性的，是对一个名词加以修饰和限定。

★ 从结构上看，同位语从句是由连接词引导，连接词虽在从句中那个不充当任何成分，但不可省略。而定语从句中的关系代词代替先行词，并在句中充当成分(主语或宾语)，充当宾语时常可省略。

★ 例句：The news (that) he told me is really encouraging. 定语从句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging. 同位语从句

五、宾语从句

★ 定义：句中及物动词或介词的宾语是一个完整的句子。

★ 连词：连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether, if, 连接代词有 who，whose, what, which 以及连接副词有when, where, how, why。 ★ 结构：

主语+谓语+(连接词)+宾语从句(用陈述句语序)

Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 主语+谓语+it+宾补+that+宾语从句

用于这一结构的及物动词有consider, find, make, regard, see, take, think。 We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day. He always take it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.

第三篇：初中课本中use用法小结

一、作及物动词，发音为/ ju:z /。

1. 译为“用，使用”。例如：

We can use the lift to go up and down. 2. 译为“发挥，行使”。例如：

He promised to use his influence. 3. 译为“消耗，用尽”。例如：

They have used money up. 4. 译为“利用”。例如：

He was used by a stranger. 5. 译为“对待，相当于treat”。例如：

He used his friends worse than ever.

二、作名词，常与of 连用，发音为/ ju:s /。

1. 译为“用法，应用，使用，用途”。例如：

He makes good use of his time. 2. 译为“使用权，使用能力”。例如：

He gave me the use of his bike. 3. 译为“效用，益处，价值”。例如：

What’s the use of worrying?

4. in use译为“使用之中，使用着”。例如：

The lab is in use.

三、几种变化。

1. use (名词) → use (动词)

2. use (动词)→ used (形容词) used cars 二手车

3. use (动词) → useful(形容词) 有用的

4. useful (形容词) → usefulness (名词)有用，用处

5. use (名词) → useless (形容词)无用的

6. use (名词) → user (名词) 使用者，用户

四、构成的短语词组。

1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。(现在不做了)例如：

My father used to be a teacher. He used to have long hair. 其否定形式常用didn’t use to 或 used not to。例如：

She didn’t use to / used not to wear a skirt.

2. be used to sth / doing sth.习惯于某事或者习惯做某事，其中to为介词，其后跟名词，代词或形容词。例如：

I am used to getting up early. I wasn’t used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.

3. be used to do sth = be used for sth / doing sth. 被用来做……，是被动语态，其中to 为不定式符号。例如：

A knife can be used to cut things. Seal’s fur can be used for coats.

4. make use of sth. 利用，使用某物。其中use也是名词，可用 good、full、more、little等形容词修饰。例如：

We must make good use of time to study. 5. use one’s head 动脑筋，仔细考虑。例如：

Use your head and you’ll find a way.

第四篇：英语中主动表被动用法小结

主动表被动：指形式无被动结构而含被动意义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动意思。小结如下：

一、谓语动词用主动表被动的六种情形

(1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词没有被动语态形式： That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。

Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。

My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。

(2)某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g. ①This kind of book sells well. ②The pen writes smoothly. ③ The cloth washes well. ④The poem reads smoothly. ⑤The table doesn’t clean easily. ⑥This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind. ⑦ That door shuts well. (3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：

When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?

The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

(4)一些不及物动词或短语是不用被动的，如：happen , take place ,come about , break out , date back to 等

Great changes have taken place in the village recently. Two world wars broke out last century. A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night. Can you tell me how the accident came about? The story happened in 2003.

A car accident happened to her this morning? (5) 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映? My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。

Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。

(6)当need/want/require三动词是需要的意思且主语与这些动词后的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系,则这三动词后的动词用v-ing形式,用主动结构表被动意思,相当于to be done, e.g. 1 ①My watch needs repairing(=to be repaired). ②The house wants painting (=to be painted).

二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的七种情形

(1) 不定式to blame, to let, to seek用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢?

He shouldn’t be to blame for the accident. 他不该为此次事故负责。

The house is to let. 此屋出租。

A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法。

(2) 某些“名(代)be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。

Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。

Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? He is easy to get along with. 他很好相处。【注】①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。

这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。

② 有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： It’s a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。

It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。

③ 有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可：

The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。 The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。 ④在该结构中，不定式动词必须是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，需加上适当的介词。例如： The chair is comfortable to sit in. 这椅子坐起来很舒服。

(3) 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义： I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。 I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。 I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西看。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have something to type.

2 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed.

我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字) (4) 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： Give me some magazines to read.

给我几本杂志看。

He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较： He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。

He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room. 他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。但有时两者区别不大。如：

Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。

(5) 不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式，有时含义差不多。如：

There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。

但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb)。如：

There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意) There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了) There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看) There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看) (6) be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。如： In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。

This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。

【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义。如：

This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。 (7) 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。如： The plants want watering every day.

这些花草得天天浇水。

This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了。

【注】① 以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义。如： This sentence needs explaining [to be explained]. 这个句子需要解释。 ② 它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义。如： It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。 This plan requires careful consideration.

3 这项计划需要仔细考虑。

三、介词短语用主动表被动的四种情形： (1). “in+名词”短语：

Is the machine still in action?

机器仍在运转吗?

When was paper money in use in China?

中国什么时候开始使用纸币?

Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress. 上课时请勿进教室。

【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有

in sight(看得见)，in (good) repair(维修良好的)，in store(贮藏着)等。 (2). “in course of+名词”短语：

The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。

The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。【注】有些类似的短语有the表被动，无the表主动： in charge of 负责

in the charge of 由„负责 in possession of 拥有

in the possession of 被„拥有

The factory is in the charge of my brother. Mary is in charge of the children. 玛丽负责照顾这些孩子。

A single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. 一个拥有可观财产的单身汉，必然可望要一个妻子。

We are in possession of your opinion.

我们了解你的意见了。

This car is in the possession of Mr. Smith. 这辆车为Mr. Smith 所拥有。

(3).“on+名词”短语：

The building is on fire. 那幢房子正在燃烧。

Every article on view will be on sale. 每件展品都将出售。

【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有on trial(在试用)，on display(在展出)，on show(在展出)，on exhibition(在展出)等。 (4).“under+名词”短语：

The new music hall is under construction. 新的音乐大厅正在修建中。 Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。【注】这类短语的名词前不用冠词，类似的还有under arrest(被逮捕)，under attack(受到袭击)，under discussion(在讨论中)， under examination(在检查或调查中)，under medical treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在修缮中)，under review(在检查中)，under study(在研究中)。