保护濒危动物调查问卷

第一篇：保护濒危动物调查问卷

保护濒危动物英语演讲稿

保护动物倡议书

称呼：

野生动物是人类的朋友，是自然生态系统的重要组成部分，是大自然赋予人类的宝贵自然资源。保护野生动物，维护自然生态平衡，不仅关系到人类的生存与发展，也是衡量一个国家、一个民族、一个城市文明进步的重要标志。

我国是一个野生动物资源非常丰富的国家，但是由於生态环境的恶化、野生动物栖息地的人为破坏，致使我国野生动物的数量、分布范围正日益缩小，许多种类已处於濒临灭绝的状态。近几年，滥食野生动物的现象屡禁不止，使得许多已经处於濒临灭绝的野生动物的处境更加艰难。最近，我报进行的采访调查表明：我市滥食野生动物的现象还十分严重;滥食野生动物的行为也正受到越来越多人们的谴责。要彻底改变滥食野生动物这种不文明的行为，需要社会各界的共同努力。

为此，我们倡议：加大《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》的普法力度，媒体和社会各有关部门，要进一步加强对保护野生动物的普法、宣传教育工作，使《野生动物保护法》的宣传家喻户晓、深入人心。

我们倡议：保护野生动物是全社会共同的责任。林业、工商、卫生检疫、公安、交通等有关部门认真履行职责，相互配合，坚决打击非法盗猎、非法运输、非法经营野生动物的违法行为。全社会也要积极行动起来，举报并协助执法部门，坚决与各种破坏野生动物的违法行为作斗争。 我们倡议：为了保护港城的生态环境，为了保护野生动物资源，为了我们的身心健康，不食野生动物，树立饮食新观念，摒弃不良饮食陋习，保护野生动物从餐桌做起，争做文明、守法、有爱心的公民。

朋友们，为了人类共同的生存环境，为了让港城成为更加美好的家园，让我们共同努力，一起行动起来，从我做起，从小事做起;让大地处处充满生命的绿色;让野生动物与我们在同一片蓝天下平安地生活。

让我们携手共创21世纪人类与野生动物和谐共存的美好家园!篇二：保护动物的英语作文

animals need protecting animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. hundreds more are on the danger list today. about 170 kinds in the united states alone are considered in danger. why should people care? because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. they are more than just a source of food. every animal has its place in the balance of nature. destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. for example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. why? because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly. luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. and they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. quite a few countries have passed laws. these laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 中文: 动物需要保护

动物是自然资源，在整个历史过程中，人类一直在糟蹋着这种资源。人们杀死动物，获得它们的皮毛，把它们当作食物或运动方式，或者只是因为它们碍事。成千上万种动物已经从这个地球上永远地消失了。现在另外上百种动物也上了濒危动物名单。仅荚国大概就有170种被认为处于危险当中。

为什么人们应该感到担忧呢?因为我们需要动物，因为它们一旦消失，就永远不会再出现。动物不仅仅是漂亮或有趣。它们不仅仅是人类的食物来

源。在维持自然平衡中，每种动物都有其作用。毁灭某种动物会导致许多问题。比如，农民们如果杀死为数众多的鹰，他们谷物和粮食的仓库就会受到老鼠和田鼠的破坏。 为什么?因为鹰吃鼠类，没有鹰控制它们的数量，鼠类就会迅速繁殖。

幸运的是，有些人正在努力帮助拯救这些动物。有些组织筹钱以便人们了解这一问题。他们也努力使政府通过保护濒危动物的法律。很多国家已经通过了法律。这些法律禁止杀害濒危名单上的动植物。某些濒危动物的数目正在慢慢地不断上升。篇三：反对虐待动物大学英语演讲稿 class：7 name：马伟凡

protection of animals-no fur 2013 is a significant year for american anti-fur campaign.from september that year,west hollywood has became the first city to ban the sale of fur clothing.so far,there are 339 enterprises have promised not to sell fur products. recently,in a film, which is shot by usa humanitarian association against using animal’s fur in the fashion. the hollystar woody harrelson as a narrator to call for a refusal to wear fur.“it is a difficult thing for people to let them face the behaviors of abusing animals directly,because no one wants to find the truth that how to get animal’s fur.”he said .the video is so impactful ,which will help you know the cost of wearing fur clothes.i really hope fashion designers and costumers can think twice before using and wearing animal’s fur. in the usa,buying fur is considered one of the typical “ politically incorrect”behavious.hilly clinton has suffered losses because of it.at that time,tailoring helped clinton made a mink coat and told the thing to news media. so the ethical treatment of animals was angry. as a result,the peta called on people to stop this “outrage”.finally.cliton admitted that she had a 25-year-old mink coat,she replaced it with a new pieces and gave way to people. according to the international animal protection organization statistics,there are 8 million animal’fur are traded around the world and feeding more than 30 million animals for the purpose of getting their fur. gandi once said：one recognizes the greatness and the moral growth of a country by it treats the animals.”china is the major exporter of fur in the word. its 95% of fur products for export.by now,more than 100 countries have enacted the laws about baning abusing animals. but china just start to do it. as far as i am concerned,something must to be done to stop this outrage.we believe “no buying,no killing” ,if you can agree with that,we must make concerning laws to protect animals.in this way,we can build a harmonious society.篇四：保护动物的英语作文(整理) should animals be trained to help humans? nowadays,many people try to train animals to work for humans.they try to teach them to do many things such as guide dogs,police dogs ，circus animals and so on。a guide dog is trained to help the people with eye illness to live like other people。a police dog is trained to help the police 。and circus animals are trained ust for people to have fun。some people think it is ok，but some don‘t ，like me。 i dont think that animals should be trained to amuse human beings, because animals are our friends. is there anybody will train their friend to amuse themselves?of course not. animals also have minds,feeling just like human beings, so i hope that everyone would treat animals really their friend but not by mouth.people should respect the animals and protect them ，i think。

其他人写的 of course ,i dont agree with that. the animals are humans friends.we should take care of them,but not hurt them.if there is no animal ,the eco-system of the world will be damaged seriously. we should adopt series of practial meansures to improve the current situation. firstly,it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially.some, known as keystone species, play a role in ecosystems that seems out of proportion to their number, such that even small changes in their abundance may have great impacts on the ecosystems in which they live. purchases wildlife under special state protection or the products thereof, and if the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime of speculation or smuggling, he shall be prosecuted for criminal responsibility according to the relevant provisions of the criminal law. all relevant depatments must strictly abide by the laws. i think animals should be trained to help humans. there are many people who are alone and lonly in the world. i think they will be very happy if there is a dog who can help them in their daily life. many people who are blind and deaf usually have a difficult life. if the dog can be trained to know some of the simple instructions,such as opening the door, carring the books ect, then those people wont suffer a lot from the life. i once read many stories about the leading dog that help people in the foreign countries. i just think it is necessary to train animals to help people, especially the dogs. i think the dogs are the kindest animals in the world. they can not only protect you but also give you much help if they are well trained. though some people think it will be cruel to train animals and we should respect the rights of animals. i still believe animals should be trained to help people. and i also believe animals will be happy too if they can do as much as they can to help humans. should animals be trained to help humans? depends on it we live in a colorful world. plants、animals grow up around us. we can’t live without them. long long ago, someone found that we could train animals to help humans. the first one is pig, people fed them for eating. but the most useful animal should be dog. dog, which called people’s best friend, helps humans much. it can give you fun, plays with you, catch target or protect us. thanks to the dog, it has been a part of our society. i say that isn’t means animals should be trained to do things just for us. it’s inhuman. animals have its freedom, the gift sent by god. we can’t regard the world as our toys. people just can live harmoniously(和谐地) with natural. nobody can change it. who do the stupid things which destroy the balance will be destroyed too. for us, use something to help humans is ok. but, we should think carefully of the gauge. if we put all the animals in zoos, or trained them to make fun, it’s unacceptable. i think, for some necessary reasons, like eating, we should trained some animals. but not the all. should animals be trained to help humans? nowadays, animal housekeeper and animal guarder are not news. animal training has begun almost in every country, but should animals be trained to help humans? in my opinion, the answer is yes. because we need animals help. in some area, there are many things are beyond humans ability, but animals are able to do then. throughout history, humans have relied on animals traits to get certain job done. for example, we make use of dogs’ sensitive sense of smell to track down odors to help us in finding things which is difficult for humans to do. we also train sea lions to carry video cameras on their backs to record the natural behavior of whales. because humans could never dive to the depths at which whales swim but sea lions can. during our daily life, we also need animals to help us to do some things that are not necessary to do by ourselves. for example, we train monkeys to take care of the quadriplegics, train dogs to lead the blinder as guiders and so on. in a word, we need animals’ help; animals should be trained to help humans. but animals also have emotions, so when we train them to help us, we shouldn’t regard them as slaves, but friends. animals need protecting animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. hundreds more are on the danger list today. about 170 kinds in the united states alone are considered in danger. why should people care? because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. they are more than just a source of food. every animal has its place in the balance of nature. destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. for example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. why? because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly. luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. and they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. quite a few countries have passed laws. these laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 中文: 动物需要保护 动物是自然资源，在整个历史过程中，人类一直在糟蹋着这种资源。人们杀死动物，获得它们的皮毛，把它们当作食物或运动方式，或者只是因为它们碍事。成千上万种动物已经从这个地球上永远地消失了。现在另外上百种动物也上了濒危动物名单。仅荚国大概就有170种被认为处于危险当中。 为什么人们应该感到担忧呢?因为我们需要动物，因为它们一旦消失，就永远不会再出现。动物不仅仅是漂亮或有趣。它们不仅仅是人类的食物来源。在维持自然平衡中，每种动物都有其作用。毁灭某种动物会导致许多问题。比如，农民们如果杀死为数众多的鹰，他们谷物和粮食的仓库就会受到老鼠和田鼠的破坏。 为什么?因为鹰吃鼠类，没有鹰控制它们的数量，鼠类就会迅速繁殖。

幸运的是，有些人正在努力帮助拯救这些动物。有些组织筹钱以便人们了解这一问题。他们也努力使政府通过保护濒危动物的法律。很多国家已经通过了法律。这些法律禁止杀害濒危名单上的动植物。某些濒危动物的数目正在慢慢地不断上升。 writing (图画提纲式议论文)篇五：濒危动物 英文 siberian tiger siberian tiger, its english name: siberian tiger known as siberian tigers, originated in northeast asia, namely russia, siberia, korea and northeast china, there are three million years evolutionary history. siberian tiger is the largest existing cats colla kinds of weight, in which the male can reach 2.8 meters in length about 1 meter long tail and weighing nearly 350 kg or so, brown hair color summer and winter hair yellow. on the back and side of the body with multiple narrow black bar stripe, usually around 2 was willow-like. big head, round forehead on a few black stripes and is often collusion between the feeding frenzy, king character, and therefore, king of the jungle is laudatory, the northeast china tiger is a protected species and are included in the grade ⅰ endangered species of wild convention on international trade fauna and flora (cites) appendix. 东北虎，英文名: siberian tiger 又称西伯利亚虎，起源于亚洲东北部，即俄罗斯西伯利亚地区、朝鲜和中国东北地区，有三百万年进化史。东北虎是现存体重最大的猫科亚种，其中雄性体长可达2.8米左右，尾长约1米，体重接近350公斤左右，体色夏毛棕黄色，冬毛淡黄色。背部和体侧具有多条横列黑色窄条纹，通常2条靠近呈柳叶状。头大而圆，前额上的数条黑色横纹，中间常被串通，极似“王”字，故有“丛林之王”之美称，东北虎属中国ⅰ级保护动物并被列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(cites)附录。 arctic wolf this is only the wolfs head to just 3 feet high, long, much like a only a gentlemanly dog. that the color red wolf, gray, white and black. arctic wolves eat moose, fish, other types of wolves, polar bears, lemmings, walrus and rabbits. it also attacks humans and other animals. other types of wolves and humans are the enemy of the arctic wolf, arctic wolf to drink cold water. they use the woods of gray, green and brown as a cover, the arctic wolf has a thick layer of hair, their teeth are very sharp, which helps them to kill their prey. arctic wolf on average every year a mother give birth to 14 coyotes. they usually born in caves, has pure white hair. arctic wolves generally live in the arctic forest. living in the labrador region from canada to the british columbia area, they do not migrate or hibernate. however, due to trees due to human harvesting, pollution and waste, they have lost their place to live. every year at least 196 died arctic wolf. 北极狼

这种狼仅仅只会长到3英尺高,长的很象一只有绅士风度的狗.这种狼的颜色有红色、灰色、白色和黑色。 北极狼吃驼鹿、鱼类、其它种类的狼、北极熊、旅鼠、海象和兔子。它也进攻人类和其他的动物。

其它种类的狼和人类是北极狼的敌人，北极狼喝冷水。它们用林子里的灰色、绿色和褐色作为掩护，北极狼有着一层厚厚的毛，它们的牙齿非常尖利，这有助于它们捕杀猎物。每年一头母北极狼平均会产14头小狼。它们一般诞生在洞穴里，有着纯净的 白色的毛。

北极狼一般生活在北极地区的森林里。生活在从加拿大的拉布拉多地区到英国的哥伦比亚地区，它们不迁徙，也不冬眠。但是由于由于人类的采伐树木、污染和垃圾，它们失去了它们居住的地方。每年至少有196只北极狼死去。 alligator 扬子鳄

是我国特产动物，已频临灭绝。我国已经把它列为国家一级保护动物。扬子鳄身长约2米，像条大蜥蜴。嘴长，里面长着锋利的牙齿。背部暗褐色，有的呈深绿色，腹部灰色，皮肤上覆盖着大鳞片，像全副武装了一样。它四肢粗壮，尾巴特长，其长甚至超过了头和身体长度的总和。人们把扬子鳄称为“活化石”，是因为它在两亿年前的恐龙时代就存在了，由于环境的变化，恐龙等爬行动物灭绝了，而扬子鳄却一直延续到今天。在扬子鳄身上，至今还可以找到恐龙等爬行动物的许多特征。现在，人们研究恐龙时，除了根据恐龙化石以外，也常常以扬子鳄去推断恐龙的生活习性。因此，扬子鳄对于人们研究古代爬行动物的兴衰和研究古地质学的生物进化，都有重要意义。

第二篇：考研英语作文范文:保护濒危动物的重要性

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important that saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

In the past, there have been many endangered animals. Now they are extinct. Does it matter? Has our environment been affected by their absence? Has the quality of our own life been changed? The answer to these questions is “Yes.”

Yes. It does matter if we destroy an endangered species habitat to develop more farmland, housing or industrial parks. There is a delicate balance of nature. If one small part is removed, it will effect all the other parts. For example, if certain trees are cut down, bats will have no place to roost. If they cannot roost, they cannot breed. If there are no bats, there will be no animal, or bird to eat certain insects that plague our crops.

Yes. Our environment has been affected by the absence of certain animals. Certain flowers are pollinated by butterflies, which migrate from Canada to Mexico. Some of the breeding grounds of these butterflies were destroyed. Now these flowers are disappearing from certain areas. We will no longer be able to enjoy their beauty.Yes. The quality of our life has been changed America used to be covered with giant trees. Now we have to visit them in one small park. Rain forests around the world are being cut down to make room for humans. We will never be able to see or study this fragile ecosystem.

I would encourage us humans to look for other alternatives for our farmlands, housing, and industries. We have alternatives; the animals do not.

第三篇：动物保护知识调查问卷

“让人与动物共享生命之美”调查问卷

随着社会的发展，人们的生活水平不断提高，无论是从装饰家居，还是对“华贵”的皮草要求，一部分稀有物种所制成的动物制品充斥在市场上。与此同时，由于人类的发展对环境的破坏使得越来越多的野生动物流离失所，对一双双即将消失，无辜而又清澈的双眼，身为大学生，应对野生动物保护问题保持足够的关注和了解。

(一)个人信息

院系______年级________性别______年龄______

(二)问题

1、领导大象家族是___?

A、母象B、公象

2、以下哪个国家还允许猎杀海豹?

A、美国B、加拿大C、中国D、意大利

3、作为老虎发源地的中国，野生虎的数量有多少?

A、不足50头B、不足100头C、不足500头D，不足1000头

4、目前，中国仍有___头亚洲黑熊被关在熊场里以供活体取胆?

A、超过100头 B、超过660头C、超过1000头D、超过12000头

5、列哪种鸟类不是猛禽?

A、隼B、雕C、鹫D、鹞E、鵟F、鹃

6、大象需要每天花多少时间进食?

A、6小时B、12小时C、14小时D、18小时

7、的身体总共不到650块肌肉，大象的鼻子有___块肌肉?

A、几百块B、几千块C、几万块D、几千万块

8、禽面临的威胁有哪些?(多选)

A、缺少栖息地与生存空间

B、非法饲养导致营养不良，丧失野外生存能力甚至失去生命

C、误入或撞击建筑遭受外伤

D、非法贸易刺激下遭到滥捕、盗猎

E、中毒

F、缺乏救助常识，例如不当救助雏、幼鸟

9、个世纪不到五十年，以下哪种老虎已经彻底灭绝?(多选)

A、东北虎B、里海虎C、孟加拉虎D、华南虎

E、爪哇虎F、印度-支那虎G、苏门答腊虎

H、巴厘虎I、白孟加拉虎

10、熊取胆对熊有什么影响?

A、没有影响B、对身体有较大危害

C、身体上和精神上都受到极大创伤，严重者永远不能回归自然。

谢谢您配合本次活动调查，祝您学业顺利，身体健康。

第四篇：濒危动物研究性报告

关于濒危动物的研究型报告

项目所属学科

生物

选题背景

10年前，美国环境法律师凯茜·西格尔和加利福尼亚州约书亚树村生物多样性研究中心的布伦丹·卡明斯一道，试图找到一种由于气候变化导致栖息地不断消失的“典型”物种，通过申请将其列入濒危物种名单，引起公众关注全球气候变暖带来的威胁。

几经权衡，西格尔最终将选定北极熊。在她看来，北极熊在公众中“知名度”较高，加之它的生存与冰密不可分，全球气候变暖、海冰消融势必对其造成影响。此外，西格尔还希望借此达到促使政府制定措施，减少温室气体排放的目的。

根据西格尔的设想，一旦北极熊被列为濒危物种，美国政府将按照《濒危物种法》相关规定，采取措施保护其核心栖息地。而由于北极熊的栖息地受到全球气候变暖威胁，政府将被迫减排温室气体。基于这种想法，西格尔于2005年2月16日，即《京都议定书》生效当天提出申请，要求将北极熊列为濒危物种。

美国《新闻周刊》9日报道，全球现有北极熊2万只到2.5万只。据美国地质勘探局阿拉斯加科学中心北极熊研究专家史蒂文·阿姆施特鲁普介绍，北极熊主要依靠海冰猎食海豹。但随着海冰不断消融，开阔水域不断增多，北极熊可栖息的海冰距离海岸越来越远。然而，由于海豹更喜欢在靠近海岸的较浅水域出没，北极熊的猎食活动因此受到影响。目前，1岁大的北极熊的存活率已从20年前的60%到65%降至40%左右。《美国地质勘探》报道，如果海冰保持现有速度继续消融，北极熊种群数量到本世纪中期将减少三分之二。

今年，即西格尔提出申请后的第3年，美国内政部部长德克·肯普索恩宣布将北极熊列为生存“受威胁”物种。这意味着美国政府将依照《濒危物种法》规定，划定北极熊核心栖息地并加以保护，制定“恢复计划”逐渐增加其种群数量。

北极熊被列为“受威胁”物种后，前往加拿大猎熊的美国人将无法把“战利品”带回国。但是，美国内政部并没有将北极熊列为可获最高级别保护的“濒危”物种，这意味着美国政府今后采取何种级别的措施，保护这片油气资源丰富的北极熊栖息地仍有商量余地。

项目条件 野生动物是大自然中对生态环境变化最敏感的生物类群,随着工业化进程的加快,越来越多的野生动物失去了栖息地,成为濒危动物。如何有效保护野生动物日益受到人类社会的关注。

研究目的

了解目前生物濒临灭绝的状况，唤醒人们对濒危物种的重视。

主要研究方法

访谈法、上网查资料法等。 研究的基本思路

在系统学习生物基础上，利用图书资料和网络，在老师的帮助下，本组通过理论和实践的探索，找出保护濒危动物的最优方法。

研究的科学性先进性实用性--

未来的世界自然遗产将是一些具有重要科学意义的、具有全球保护价值的特有物种及其生境

研究的基本过程

通过收集资料，问卷调查和访谈，收集相关信息，进行整合。

研究心得

动物与我们一起在地球上生活了这么多年，他们在地球上都担当者重要的位置，维持着自然界微妙的平衡。人类的肆意改造地球，已严重威胁到地球上的各种生命。人类如此妄为无异于自掘坟墓，保护濒危动物，是我们人类义不容辞的事。

通过这次研究性学习活动，我深刻地意识到人类与自然界关系正趋于不协调。要知道，生命是平等的，我们和自然界是整体。如果生态平衡被破坏，那么，人类最终会毁掉自己。所以我们要拯救那些濒危的动物，爱护身边的动物，爱他们就是爱自己。

进一步完善的建议和设想

我国刑法没有规定残害、虐待珍贵、濒危野生动物罪，而在现实生活中，残害、虐待珍贵、濒危野生动物的案件时常发生，有的案件在社会上还造成严重后果，引起人们强烈反响。笔者认为，应当尽快在我国刑法中增设残害、虐待珍贵、濒危野生动物罪，以适应目前生态建设和环境保护的形势。

摘要中文--

你是否知道地球上动物种类正在急剧减少,一个接一个,一种接一种都消失了.地球上的生物原本自然形成食物链而互相依存.有人问如果这世界上只剩下人类,人类还能支撑多久?请看令人忧心的近年动物灭绝记载:渡渡鸟(印度,1781),蓝马羚(南非,1799),马里恩象龟(舌塞尔,1800),大海雀(大西洋,1844),欧洲野马(欧洲,1876),斑驴(亚洲,1883),白臀叶猴(中国,1893),旅鸽(北美,1914),佛罗里达猴(北美,1917),卡罗莱那鹦鹉(北美,1918),中国犀牛(中国,1922),高加索野牛(欧洲,1925),巴厘虎(印尼,1937),红鸭(印度,1942),普氏野马(中国,1947),袋狼(澳洲,1948),冠麻鸭(亚洲,1964), 爪哇虎(印尼,1972)……也有材料谈到我国频临灭绝的动物如:糜鹿(全世界3*!000头),华南虎(50头),雪豹(1*!000～2*!000 头),扬子鳄(1*!500只),白暨豚(100只),大熊猫(1*!000只),黑犀牛(3*!500头)指猴(9只),绒毛蛛猴(100只),滇金丝猴(1*!000只),野金丝猴(700只),白眉长臂猴(70只).

关键词

濒危|遗传|保护

罗列研究资料

《中国濒危动物红皮书》、《濒危动物遗传多样性研究》及部分网上资料等。 研究结果

现在已经清楚的知道，为了成功的保护物种，除了要保护其栖息地外，还必须保护其遗传多样性。遗传多样性频发的物种，在环境变化中将十分脆弱，因而其进化前景黯淡。

研究结果分析

对于濒危物种的保护，由于受难度、代价等各种因素的限制，不可能对所有个体和生存环境同时进行保护。必须要知道哪些群体首先应该被保护。

研究建议

应该加强实践考察

第五篇：濒危物种保护

濒危物种保护 吕凤凤

(东北师范大学生命科学学院，吉林，长春 130024)

[摘要]在当今经济全球化迅速发展的进程中，市场的力量导致世界各地生物的多样性遭受到一定程度的破坏，生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，生物多样性一旦遭到破坏，可能引起物种数量的大量减少，甚至灭绝。物种的灭绝是环境破坏最严重的后果，该物种的DNA所蕴藏的特有的遗传信息和其所拥有的特征组合将永不复存在。因此，保护濒危物种已成为迫在眉睫的议题，而它们的保护则要分析濒危动物的现状，以及濒危的原因，从其数量，生活环境，遗传因素，经济价值，地理分布，现状等综合考虑，并制定最合适的保护政策。

[关键词]濒危 破坏 保护 原因

一 引言 近年来，物种灭绝的速度加剧，遗传多样性的减少，以及生态系统的大规模破坏，生物的生存和发展面临着严重的挑战。濒危动物的保护日益受到人们的重视。当今，如何保护濒危物种已成为急迫和具有现实意义的研究。 11濒危动物的现状

中国野生动物的濒危程度是严重的。人口数量的增长，导致人类对自然资源的需求大大增加。在最近的150年中，人口数量有1850年的10亿增加到2000年的65亿，与此相应的物种的灭绝速率也大大增加，在1600-1700年间，鸟类和受累兽类的灭绝速率大约是每10年1种，但在1850-1950年间却上升到每年1种[1]。在《断为野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(华盛顿公约)的附录Ⅰ和附录Ⅱ名单中，属于中国脊椎动物的种类和数量分别是79种和39种。许多以前是常见野生动物，现在也已被列入重点保护名录中.这说明野生动物受到的威胁是相当严重的。目前中国很多珍贵野生动物已经绝迹和濒临绝灭，跟据资料已经绝迹的动物有麋鹿、野马、高鼻羚羊等。白鳍豚也可能已经永远完成了它们的物种史，而野外生存的华南虎、东北虎、雪豹、野骆驼、鼹鹿、海南坡鹿、梅花鹿、野牛、黑长臂猿、自颊长臂猿、白眉长臂猿、白掌长臂猿、河理、野象、朱鹅、赤颈鹤、扬子鳄、瑶山鳄蜥等二十多种珍稀动物目前已濒临绝灭的边缘。[2] 类群 两栖类 爬行类 鸟类 哺乳类

大约的物种数

295 412 1258 500

濒危的物种数

29 96 182 133

濒危种数百分率

9.8% 23.3% 14.5% 26.6%

中国受威胁衍生动物物种数[3] 12物种濒危的原因 导致物种濒危的原因大致可分为自然和非自然两种类型。导致物种濒危与灭绝的自然原因就是自然界对物种的选择。一个物种无法适应生存环境的变化(宇宙演化所导致的变化)时，它将灭绝，恐龙就是一个绝好的例子。所谓非自然因素，主要是人类活动所导致的物种濒危的因素，包括了对栖息地的破坏和对物种的捕杀和过度采伐。随着人类对物种过度利用的减少，对栖息地的破坏成为当前导致物种濒危的首要原因。 121过度开发

人类独物种的过度开发是导致物种濒危的重要原因。在1958-1970年间。秘鲁鯷(Engraulidae ringens)的过分利用使其种群数量和捕获率均急剧的减少。亚洲的犀牛(Rhinoceros spp.)几经被捕杀到接近绝种的边缘。

[4]类似的事例不胜枚举。 122外来物种的入侵

盲目地引进外来物种，不加以区别地引入外来物种，会给当地的物种带来危害。例如，从北疆的额尔其斯河江河鲈引入南疆的博似腾湖而导致原分布于该湖的大头鱼灭绝;俄国和美国的皮毛商带来的狐狸，差一点叫阿拉斯加阿留申群岛上的加拿大鹅绝种。 123环境污染

当今工业化的时代杀虫剂的滥用，工业污水和生活污水的大量排泄。使生活在江河里的鱼虾、软体动物遭受到严重的侵害，使生态环境遭到污染，引起赤潮等一系列的污染。生活在该环境的部分生物数量大幅度减少甚至灭绝。当然人类的饮水、粮食和食品生产以及水上娱乐活动也离不开水，所以水的污染对人类同样造成危害。 124商业利益的驱动

在商业利益的驱动下，许多珍贵的稀有物种成为非法或过度捕捉、交易的热点，给这些物种的保护造成严重困难。 此外，有些动物，如熊、犀牛、老虎，在医学上有很高的价值。象牙和多种海龟也是人们心目中极其贵重的珍品。这些动物自然也成为交易对象。 13保护濒危物种的意义

濒危物种的保护具有特殊意义。生态系统和群落可以退化和缩小面积，但只要所有的原始物种能够幸存，群落仍然具有恢复的潜在能力。然而，一个物种一旦灭绝，其DNA所蕴藏的特有的遗传信息和所拥有的特征组合将永远消失，该种群所具有的对人类的潜在价值将永远不会被认识。并且，一些稀珍动物具有不可替代的科学价值。如，我国特有的裸子植物银杉和举世闻名的动物大熊猫，它们不仅具有极高的审美价值和象征意义，而且就物种进化过程中，适应性的发生，选择的条件等 问题的研究有着十分重要的科学价值。 2濒危物种的保护原理

物种濒危以及生物多样性丧失的原因是复杂的，如何采取有效的保护策略在理论和时间上都是一个巨大的挑战。就理论而言，除了从个体，种群水平研究小种群的保护策略外还必须考虑到自然生态系统的复杂性，包括遗传和系统发育的多样性，生态和进化过程等。 21濒危物种保护的遗传学原理 遗传学原理在野生动物中得到较为广泛的应用，如大熊猫犀牛红顶啄木鸟和太平洋鲑鱼等物种的保护。是定物种保护策略和措施最重要的一步是确定需要优先保护的类群或物种。迄今，在科学上被描述过的物种就有175万种，面对如此庞大的物种多样性和大量物种处于灭绝边缘这一事实，保护活动所能涉及的物种只是其中很小的一部分。因此，确定优先保护类群是保护遗传学要解决的重要问题之一。根据遗传学原理来制定保护策略的案例：弗洛里达黑豹的保护，就是先确定它为优先保护类群，使它的灭绝速率逐渐降低。所以，优先保护佛罗里达黑豹是保护它DNA所蕴藏的特有的遗传信息和特征组合的遗传学原理。 22物种保护的生态学原理

传统的物种保护工作重点在于濒危灭绝的物种，但对于其他物种特有基因的保护及生态系统的维持却很少予以关注，致使整体的保护的成效不佳。现在，人们越来越认识到生活环境和生态系统保护的重要性，可以说，保护完整的生物群落是保护生物多样性最有效的方法。例如，大熊猫的保护：20世纪80年代以来大熊猫的栖息地森林急剧减少，大熊猫对生活环境的耐受性是长期进化形成的，不可能改变。保护中我们能做的就是把因人类经济活动变成荒山或坡地的大熊猫原栖息地还给大熊猫，停止在大熊猫栖息地上的放牧，采伐，采药，严格禁止偷猎。只有这样，大熊猫的生活环境和生态系统的多样性的保护可以带来各个大熊猫种群数量和栖息地的扩大。所以，物种保护的生态学原理在濒危物种的保护上又十分重要的地位。

3濒危物种的保护 31建立自然保护区

建立自然保护区保护濒危动物的根本性措施就是保护其栖息地. 栖息地的保护就是保护濒危动物的生存环境、取食区域、繁殖条件、求偶或迁徙通道，是恢复濒危动物种群的重点工作。.通过建立自然保护区.不仅可以保护濒危动物及其栖息地.而且还可以使其他种类的野生动植物得到很好的保护.我国已建立了数百处濒危动物类型的自然保护区.使相当一部分濒危动物得到切实保护.野驴.野牛.亚洲象.白唇鹿.羚牛.马鹿.金丝猴.大鸨等的数量.已有明显增加.通过实践探索建立自然保护区。因此，建立自然保护区寻求保护濒危动物的最有效途径。目前，中国已经建立了保护对象为野生动物的自然保护区100多处。这些保护区的建立，对保护濒危动物种群起到了重要的作用。 32二.开展驯养繁殖驯养繁殖. 是保护.发展和合理利用濒危动物资源的一条有效途径.发展人工繁殖种群.既可防止或延缓有关物种的灭绝.又可满足人民的生产生活需要.减少对野生种群的猎捕压力.还可为实施再引进工程提供种源.重建或壮大有关物种的野生种群. 改革开放以前.动物园系统是我国驯 养繁殖濒危动物的主体.但其目的主要在于展览.改革开放以后.国家和地方建立了不少濒危动物繁育.救护中心.专门从事濒危动物的驯养繁殖和救护工作.如国家为拯救大熊猫.朱huan.扬子鳄.东北虎等极度濒危动物.投资设立了多处繁殖研究中心, 为实施野马.麋鹿再引进工程.建立了多处人工繁殖基地,为保护.发展濒危动物资源.成立了多处综合性的濒危动物驯养繁殖中心.各地为救护濒危动物.也相继建立或指定了一个或多个濒危动物救护中心.这些救护中心的职能之一就是驯养繁殖濒危动物.有关部门.单位或个人为生产建设需要.还建立了大量的养鹿场.养熊场.养猴场.养蛇场.龟鳖场.养鸟场.养麝场等.用于生产实验动物或者野生动物及其产品.