中考英语作文详解

中考英语作文详解（精选7篇）

篇1：中考英语作文详解

中考英语作文详解

(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows：in the first place，___原因一_______.Furthermore，in the second place，___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People，however，differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view，on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand，____原因二_____. Therefore，there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned，I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________，but also because _________. The more _______，the more ________.

(2)利弊型的议论文

Nowadays，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact，there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking，it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly，___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes，“every coin has two sides”，__讨论议题______ is no exception，and in another word，it still has negative aspects. To begin with，___缺点一______. In addition，____缺点二______.

To sum up，we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play，and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case，we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart)，___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases)，significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart，iit goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand，________. On the other hand，_______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition，________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned，I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

 

篇2：中考英语作文详解

prefer是及物动词,意为更喜欢,更喜爱,相当于like...better。

1.prefersth.意为更喜欢。如:

Hepreferscountrylife.他更喜欢乡村生活。

2.preferdoing/todosth.意为更喜欢干。如:

Ipreferwatching/towatchTV.

我更喜欢看电视。

3.prefersb.todosth.意为宁愿某人做。如:

Ipreferyoutostayherealittlelonger.

我更喜欢你在这里多呆一会儿。

4.prefersth.tosth.意为比起更喜欢。如:

SheprefersEnglishtoChinese.

比起语文来她更喜欢英语。

5.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.=prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.意为喜欢做而不喜欢做,宁愿做而不愿做。如:

Ipreferdoingtotalking.

我喜欢做事,不喜欢空谈。

Childrenprefertostayathomeratherthangooutwithyou.

孩子们宁愿呆在家里而不愿和你一起出去。

篇3：英语“Therebe结构”详解

一、There be结构的基本认识

(1) 含义。表示某时或某处有 (指存在, 而不是占有) 某人或某物。

(2) 基本结构。表示“存在有”, 常用“There be+主语+状语”句型来表示。其中there是引导词, 本身无词义;be为谓语动词, be后面的名词是真正的主语。Be与后面的主语必须在单复数上保持一致。There be结构其实也是一种倒装句的具体运用。而状语则常由表示时间或地点的介词短语来表示。

(3) 具体表现形式。a/an+单数名词+时间/地点状语。There is+不可数名词+时间/地点状语。There are+可数名词复数+时间/地点状语。

(4) 拓展用法。

(1) There be+主语+doing sth.+介词短语。某时/某地有某人正在干……例如:There is a woman talking on the phone.有一个妇女正在电话上交谈。

(2) There be+主语+to do sth.+介词短语。某时/某地有人将要干某事。例如:There is no time to think.没有时间想了。There are many people to study at home on computer.有许多人会在家里的电脑上学习。

(3) 就近原则的运用。There be句型中, 当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时, be动词的单复数形式要与其紧跟后面的一项的名词单复数保持一致。如:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔, 两本书和许多铅笔。There are two boys, a girl and a dog in front of the house.房屋的前面有两个男孩, 一个女孩和一只狗。

(5) 另外, 在陈述句中为了强调地点或时间, 也可将介词短语提置句首。如:In the tree there are five birds.树上有五只鸟。

二、There be结构的各种句型转换

(1) 变成否定句。There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样, 在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词, no是形容词。如果句中有some, 一般要改为any.

句型:There be+not (any) (或+no) +主语…表示“没有…”

例如:There are some pictures on the wall.→

There are not any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图片

There is a bird in the tree.→

There isn’t a bird in the tree.树上没有一只鸟

(2) 变成一般疑问句。There be句型的一般疑问句的变化是将be动词提到there前, 首字母大写, 句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is/are;否定答语为No, there isn't/aren't。

句型:Be+there+ (any) +主语…?

例如:There is some water in the glass.→

Is there any water in the glass?玻璃杯里有水吗?

Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.是的, 有。/不, 没有。

There are twenty men in the club.→

Are there twenty men in the club?俱乐部里有20个男人吗?

Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.是的, 有。/不, 没有。

(3) 变成特殊疑问句。句型:疑问词 (+名词) +be+there+状语?

例如:There are three bikes under the tree.→How many bikes are there under the tree?树下有多少辆自行车?

There will be a lecture in our school tomorrow.→When will there be a lecture in our school?我们学校什么时候将有一场讲座?

There is a wallet on the floor.→What’s on the floor?地板上有什么?

(4) 变成反意疑问句。句型:There be…, be (not) there?

例如:There is some milk in the bottle, isn’t there?瓶子里有一些牛奶, 是吗?

There are two teachers listening to the music, aren’t there?有两位老师在听音乐, 是吗?

三、There be结构的时态变化

There be结构中的be主要表现在以下不同的时态:

(1) 一般现在时。

There is a post office near the bank.银行附近有一家邮局。

There aren’t any good ways to the mountain.没有好的通往那座山的路线。

(2) 一般将来时。

There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。

There will be many robots in the future.未来将会有许多机器人。

There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。

(3) 一般过去时。

There was a knock at the door.有人敲过门。

There were two old bridges here many years ago.许多年前这里有两座旧桥。

(4) 现在完成时。

There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。

此外, There be结构的be还有助动词、情态动词的习惯用法, 也很重要

There used to be….There must/may/can….

如:There used to be a building here.过去这儿有一座楼房。

There must be something wrong.一定有问题。

四、There be结构与have的用法区别

There be与have都表示“有”, 但两者在用法和意义上都不同。have前须有主语, 它讲的是“某人/某物拥有……”即指的是所有关系。而There be则是一种特殊结构, 主语在be之后, 意义上表示存在关系, 它讲的是“某地或某时有……”

如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前有一棵树。

I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的书。

The chair has three legs.这把椅子有三条腿。

Have与there be结构的用法区别, 还常体现在这样的单项选择试题中。

(1) There () a football game next week:A.is going to have、B.is、C.have、D.is going to be

(2) There______more cars in our city in five years:A.will have、B.have、C.will be、D.be

篇4：中考英语高频考点错误分类详解

I.“蛇足”类错误例析

“蛇足”类错误就是“画蛇添足”，在句中出现一些不应有或本应省略的成分。反之，一些应有的成分也不能省略。

例1.

Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. ( ×)

Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (√)

Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money. (√)

例2.

Because he was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. ( ×)

Because he was ill yesterday, he didnt go to work. (√)

He was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. (√)

【析】 用though, but表示“虽然……但是…… ”或用because, so 表示“因为……所以……”时，though和but及because和so 都只能择一而用，不能两者同时使用。

例3.

More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.

( ×)

More than three hundred people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003. (√)

【析】 hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词修饰用来表示“确数”时，无论数词大小，hundred等词都要用单数形式。

例4.

My English teacher is a 38years old man. ( ×)

My English teacher is a 38yearold man. (√)

【析】 句中的38yearold是由数词、名词和形容词一起构成的复合形容词，在句中充当定语，修饰名词man。复合形容词作定语时, 其中的名词要用单数形式, 且各词之间要有连字符“‘”。

例5.

The Smiths have moved Beijing. ( ×)

The Smiths have moved to Beijing. (√)

【析】 不及物动词后接名词或代词作宾语时，要在动词之后加上适当的介词；但不及物动词后接home, here, there等副词作宾语时，动词之后不必加任何介词。

例6.

The box is too heavy for him to carry it.

( ×)

The box is too heavy for him to carry. (√)

【析】 the box既是这句话的主语, 也是不定式to carry的逻辑宾语，若句末再加上it，就和the box重复了。

II. “主谓不一致”类错误例析

主谓不一致类错误指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上不一致而形成的错误。

例1.

Each of the boys have a pen. ( ×)

Each of the boys has a pen. (√)

【析】 复数名词前有表个体的each of, one of, every，either of等修饰，或有表否定的neither of, none of 等词组修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例2.

Neither he nor you is good at English. ( ×)Neither he nor you are good at English. (√)

【析】 either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but also... 等词组连接句子的两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”, 即由靠近谓语的那个主语决定谓语的人称和数用何种形式。

例3.

Two months are quite a long time. ( ×)

Two months is quite a long time. (√)

【析】 当时间、体积、距离、重量等名词作句子主语时，常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例4.

Ten minus three are seven. ( ×)

Ten minus three is seven. (√)

【析】 用英语表示加（plus）、减(minus)等数学运算时，谓语动词也用单数形式。

例5.

Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. ( ×)

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (√)

【析】 不定式、ving形式充当句子主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例6.

The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000. ( ×)

The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000. (√)

【析】 the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式； anumber of的意思是“若干”或“许多”，相当于some或a lot of，和复数名词连用，谓语动词用复数形式。

III. “词序”、“语序”类错误例析

词序、语序类错误指的是单词或句子在排列顺序上不正确，也表现为该用陈述句语序的用了疑问句语序，或该用疑问句语序的用了陈述句语序等情况。

例1.

Hello! I have important something to tell you. ( ×)

Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√)

【析】 形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词作定语时，修饰成分要置于不定代词之后。

例2.

His son is enough old to go to school. ( ×)

His son is old enough to go to school. (√)

【析】 enough作形容词修饰名词时，可以放在名词前，也可放在名词后；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能放在形容词或副词之后。

例3.

Here is your sweater. Put away it. （×）

Here is your sweater. Put it away. (√)

【析】 put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时，代词只能放在动词和副词之间。

例4.

I dont know where is he going. （×）

I dont know where he is going. (√)

【析】 在含宾语从句的复合句中，从句要用陈述句语序。

例5.

Look! Here the bus comes. ( ×)

Look! Here comes the bus. （√）

【析】 在以here, there引起的陈述句中，若句子的主语是名词，要用倒装语序，即用“Here/ There+动词+名词”结构；但主语若是代词时，则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/ There +代词+动词”结构。

例6. I do well in playing football,_____________. (我妹妹也是。)

A. so my sister does ( ×)

B. so does my sister （√）

例7. —Li Lei is really a football fan.

—_____________. (确实这样。)

A. So is he ( ×)

B. So he is（√）

【析】 “so+be动词/助动词+主语”的倒装结构表示前面所述情况也适用于后者，意为“……也是这样”；“so+主语+be动词/助动词”的陈述结构表示对前述情况的肯定，意为“……确实如此”。

IV. “逻辑”类错误例析

逻辑类错误是指用英语表达某一思想时，犯了逻辑推理错误，导致句子语法成分不全，句意表达上前后矛盾等方面的失误。

例1. 重庆比中国的其他城市都大。

Chongqing is larger than any city in China. ( ×)

Chongqing is larger than any other city in China. (√)

【析】 “any city in China”包括了重庆这座城市, 同一事物自己与自己不能作比较，只有在city 前加上other才能表示重庆和中国的其他城市比较大小。

例2. 广州的天气比北京的天气更暖和。

The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing. ( ×)

The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing . (√)

【析】 表示比较时，句子中的两个比较对象必须一致，不同类的比较对象不能作比较。错误句的比较对象分别为the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing，这两个不同类的事物之间不能作比较。

V. “受汉语思维方式影响”类错误例析

受汉语思维方式影响类错误是指用英语表达某个意思时，受了汉语表达的影响而导致犯错。

例1.

Mr Wu teaches our English. ( ×)

Mr Wu teaches us English. (√)

【析】 “teach sb sth”句式中的sb和 sth是teach的双宾语，因此teach后的人称代词要用宾格，而不能受汉语影响使用形容词性物主代词。

例2.

His sister married with a teacher last summer.( ×)

His sister married a teacher last summer. (√)

【析】 表达“A和B结婚”，要用A married/will marryB。这时务必要避免受汉语影响使用A married/will marry with B。

例3.

There is going to have a film tonigh. ( ×)

There is going to be a film tonight. (√)

【析】 一般将来时用在 There be 句式中时，be going to或will之后的动词原形只能用be,也就是说要用There is /are going to be...； There will be...。

例4.

Ill go hiking if it wont rain next Sunday. ( ×)

Ill go hiking if it doesnt rain next Sunday. (√)

【析】 习惯上在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词用了一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。

例5.

Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun.( ×)

Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun.(√)

【析】 习惯上在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句的谓语动词用了一般过去时，从句的谓语动词要用过去的某种时态。但如果从句表述的是一客观事实或客观真理时，则不受主句时态的影响，而用一般现在时。

例6.

All the balls are not round. 翻译成汉语：

所有的球都不是圆的。( ×)

并不是所有的球都是圆的。(√)

【析】 all, every, both等词和not连用时，若not放在all, every, both的后面，则表示部分否定，意为“并非……都……”。

例7.

Do you know the way of the park? ( ×)

Do you know the way to the park? (√)

【析】 习惯上表示无生命名词的所有格常用“... of...”； 但表示“通往……的路”要用“the way to...”, 而不能用“the way of...”。类似的结构还有 the key to the lock (这把锁的钥匙), the answer to this question(这个问题的答案), the ticket to the concert (音乐会的票)等。

例8.

— He didnt go to school yesterday, did he?

—__________, though he didnt feel very well.

A. No, he didnt ( ×)

B. Yes, he did(√)

例9.

—Dont you usually come to school by bike?

—__________. But I sometimes walk.

A. No, I dont ( ×) B. Yes, I do (√)

【析】 习惯上英语中的yes意为“是的”，no意为“不”，但在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句或否定疑问句中，yes意为“不”，no意为“是的”。

篇5：中考英语语法详解六：动词

实义动词也叫行为动词，是四类动词中唯一能独立作谓语的一类动词。根据其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1、及物动词

及物动词本身意义不够完整，需要后接宾语才能使其意思完整。

1)动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型。

例如：Could you please clean the blackboard? 请你擦黑板好吗?

We learn English every day. 我们每天学习英语。

2)动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 / 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，构成主谓双宾句型。有的动词必须在后面带表示人的间接宾语和表示物的直接宾语，即两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。

例如：Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?

Please pass me the book.= Please pass the book to me.请把那本书递给我。

My mother bought me a snow globe on my birthday.

= My mother bought a snow globe for me on my birthday.

我过生日时我妈买给我一个雪球。

常见的带双宾语的动词有：pass, give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, cook, teach, tell, write, read, return, ask, show等。

3)动词+宾语+宾语补足语，构成主谓复宾句型。有的动词必须在宾语后再加上形容词、副词、名词、不定式、-ing形式、介词短语等做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，句子意思才能够表达完整。

例如：Please keep the door open. 请让门开着。(形容词open做宾补)

I often see the children play in the park。我经常看见孩子们在公园里玩。(不带to的不定式play做宾补)。

You can call me Mrs Jones.你们可以称呼我琼斯夫人。(名词Mrs Jones做宾补)

动词see, hear, watch, make, let, have, notice, find等经常以动词不定式或-ing形式做宾补。

2、不及物动词

1)不及物动词自身意思完整，无需再接宾语。

例如：Horses run fast。马儿跑得快。

He sings well. 他唱得好。

2)很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词，还有的不及物动词后带上某个介词就成了带宾语的及物动词。

例如：They are reading. 他们在朗读。(read为不及物动词)

They are reading English. 他们在朗读英语。(read为及物动词)

He is waiting at the bus stop.他在公交车站等。(wait为不及物动词)

He is waiting for me at the bus stop.他在公交车站等我。(wait for为及物动词，带me做宾语)

三、连系动词

连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其后面的表语一起构成合成谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。

常见的连系动词有be， become(变得、成为)， get(变得)， look(看起来)，seem(似乎、好像)，turn(变得)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)等。除be以外的连系动词大多数时候是实义动词，他们用作连系动词时多数没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。

例如：He is angry.他生气了。

He got angry at the news.听到这个消息他生气了。

That sounds good.那听起来不错。

Trees turn green when spring comes.春天来临，树叶转绿。

China is getting stronger and stronger.中国正变得越来越强大。

四、助动词

助动词本身没有词义或意思不完整，不能单独作谓语。它们的主要作用是帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句或否定句等。

1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were)

1) be+doing(现在分词)， 构成进行时

例如：They are listening to music.他们在听音乐。(be的现在时形式帮助构成现在进行时)

They were walking down the street when the UFO landed.(be的过去时形式帮助构成过去进行时)

2)be+done(及物动词的过去分词)， 构成被动语态

例如：The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.电灯泡是由托马斯。爱迪生发明的。(be的过去时形式帮助构成过去时的被动语态)

The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打扫。(be的现在时形式帮助构成现在时的被动语态)

The problem will be solved next week.这个问题将在下周得到解决。(be的将来时形式帮助构成将来时的被动语态)

2、have (has, had)

1)have/has/had+done(动词的过去分词)，构成完成时态。

例如：They have already done their homework.他们已经完成作业。(have+过去分词构成现在完成时)

He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。(has+过去分词构成现在完成时)

The bus had gone when I got to the bus stop.我到达车站时公交车已经离开。(had+过去分词构成过去完成时)

2)have/has/had+been+doing(动词的现在分词)，构成完成进行时态。

例如：How long have you been collecting shells?你收集贝壳有多长时间了?

He has been studying English since five years ago.他从5年前开始就一直在学习英语。

3、助动词do/ does/ did

助动词do/ does/ did主要帮助构成疑问句，也可用于倒装句、强调句或代替上文提到过的行为等。他们的否定式don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t帮助构成否定句。

例如：Does he often play sports after school?他经常放学后做运动吗?

We don’t speak Japanese.我们不说日语。

Did they visit the Palace Museum on their last day off?他们上个休息日参观故宫了吗?

She didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.她昨晚上没看电视。

4、助动词will, shall, would, should

助动词will, shall主要用于构成一般将来时，其中will可用于各人称，而shall一般只用于第一人称。would，should是will，shall的过去式，可以用于构成过去将来时，但很多时候被用作情态动词。

例如：There will be more trees and less pollution in the future.将来会有更多的树木，更少的污染。(帮助构成一般将来时)

Shall we go to the park on the weekend?我们周末去公园好吗?(一般将来时，用于提出建议)

They said they would come the next day.他们说他们第二天来。(帮助构成过去将来时)

Would you mind my turning down the radio?你介意我关小收音机吗?(用于礼貌地提出建议)

You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。(用于提供建议)

5、情态动词can, may, must, might, could等

篇6：中考英语语法详解：冠词和数词

冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。

A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。

1. 不定冠词的用法

(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：

John is a student.

Mary is an English teacher.

(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如：

A steel worker makes steel.

Pass me an apple, please.

(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：

A student wants to see you.

A girl is waiting for you outside.

(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：

Take the medicine three times a day.

They go to see their parents once a week.

2.定冠词用法

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如：

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.

Beijing is the capital of China.

(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：

Open the door, please.

Jack is in the library.

(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：

Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.

(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

January is the first month of the year.

(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：

The nurse is kind to the sick.

We should take good care of the old.

(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：

the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：

the Browns, the whites等。

3.不用冠词的情况

(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：

China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

(2)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：

That is my cap.

I have some questions.

Go down this street.

(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。

They are workers.

We are students.

(4)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：

I don’t feel well today, Mother.

Bush was made president of the U.S.

(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：

I have lunch at home.

He often plays football after class.

We have English and maths every day.

(6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：

篇7：中考英语作文详解

一、形容词

1、形容词概述

形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。大部分形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征，有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的，beautiful美丽的。有的形容词只能作表语，没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：afraid害怕的，asleep睡着的。

2、形容词的用法

1)作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前面。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为词尾的词语即复合不定代词时，要放在这些词之后。

例如：What an interesting movie it is! 多有趣的一部电影啊!

There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸没有什么有趣的内容。

2)作表语放在系动词后面。

例如：The food smells delicious. 食物闻起来很香。

3)位于宾语后做宾语补足语。

例如：You must keep your classroom clean and tidy.你们必须保持教室干净整洁。

4)少数形容词只能作表语，如：afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, well(健康的)，ill，sorry，glad，sure，pleased等。

例如：He is alone in the classroom.他独自在教室。

She has been asleep for three hours.她睡了三个小时了。

5)某些形容词之前加上冠词the表示一类人，如 the rich, the poor, the young, the old, the deaf, the blind, the living, the dead, the hungry等。

例如：The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。

The young should be polite to the old.年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。

二、副词

1、副词概述

副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或句子。

2、副词的分类和用法

1) 时间副词：如now，today，yesterday，soon等，在句子中担任时间状语，是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。

例如：There is going to be a class meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个班会。

They visited the aquarium yesterday. 他们昨天参观了水族馆。

2) 频度副词：如sometimes，often, always, usually等，在句子中担任时间状语，是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。

例如：They have never seen each other before.他们以前从未见过面。

What do you usually do on weekends?你们周末通常做什么?

3) 地点副词：如here, there, home, somewhere, anywhere，outside等，在句子中担任地点状语。

例如：I have looked for my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.我到处找了我的钢笔，但哪儿都没看见。

4) 方式副词：如slowly, quickly, fast, luckily, easily等，在句子中担任方式状语。这类副词大都由“形容词+ly”构成。

例如：Please speak more slowly so that we can hear you clearly.请慢点说以便我们能够听清楚你说的内容。

5) 程度副词：如very, quite, rather, too, much, so等，在句子中修饰形容词或其他副词，作状语。

例如：It’s much too hot in Changsha these days.这些天长沙太热了。

The little boy can play the guitar very well.这小男孩吉他弹得非常好。

6) 疑问副词：如when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far，how old等，放在句首构成特殊疑问句。

例如：How soon will your father be back home? 你爸过多久回到家?

How often do you go to the movie? 你们隔多久看一次电影?

7) 关系副词：如when, where, why, how等，用来引导相关从句。

例如：What were you doing when the UFO landed? UFO着陆时你在干什么?

I ‘d like to go somewhere where people are friendly. 我想去人们友好的地方。

3、副词的位置

总的来说，很多副词的位置比较灵活，在句子开头、中间、结尾都可以。但是请注意下面几点：

1)频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

例如：He is never late for school.他上学从不迟到。

He usually goes to see his grandparents on Saturday. 他通常周六去看望爷爷奶奶。

2)enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在被修饰词的后面。

例如：The little boy isn’t old enough to go to school. 小男孩没到上学的年龄。

He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得够快，抓住了小偷。

三、形容词和副词的比较等级

1、形容词和副词比较等级的构成

绝大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级(原形)、比较级和最高级，他们的构成规则大致相同。列表如下：

表一：规则变化

构成方法	原级	比较级	最高级
单音节 词和少 数双音 节词	一般直接在词尾加-er，-est	tall short	taller shorter	tallest shortest
以不发音的e结尾的加-er，-st	nice large	nicer larger	nicest largest
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，-est	heavy early	heavier earlier	heaviest earliest
以重读闭音节结尾、且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-est	thin big	thinner bigger	thinnest biggest
多音节词和部分双音节词（尤其是带词缀的双音节词）	在原级前加more，most	interesting important quickly	more interesting more important more quickly	most interesting most important most quickly

原级	比较级	最高级
good, well	better	best
many, much	more	most
bad,ill, badly	worse	worst
little	less	least
far	farther较远（字面意义） further进一步（引申意义）	farthest最远（字面意义） furthest最大限度（引申意义）
old	older年纪较大的（用于比较级） elder较年长的（只用作定语）	oldest年纪最大的（用于最高级） eldest最年长的（只用作定语）

2、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法

1)两者之间进行比较用比较级。其常见句子结构为：A +谓语动词+比较级+than+B。

例如：This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。

Lily has more friends than I. 莉莉比我朋友多。

Tom runs faster than Jim. 汤姆比吉姆跑得快。

注：可以用程度副词a little, a lot, a bit, much, even, still, far等修饰比较级，表示比较的程度差异。

例如：It is much hotter in Changsha than that in Beijing in summer.长沙的夏天比北京的夏天热得多。

He studies English a lot harder than the other students in his class.他学英语比班上其他同学努力得多。

2)在三者或三者以上的人或物之间进行比较时用最高级，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前the可加可不加，句子中常有in或of短语来表示比较的范围。其常见句子结构为：A+谓语动词+the+最高级+比较范围。

例如：Changjiang is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。

Rruce runs fastest of the three. 布鲁斯是三个人中跑得最快的。

3)表示A和B在某一方面相同或不及时用同级比较。其常见句型为：A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B。其否定结构为：A+谓语动词(not)+as/so+原级+as+B。

例如：English is as important as Chinese.英语和语文一样重要。

Math is not as interesting as History. 数学不如历史有趣味。

He speaks English as well as Chinese. 他英语和汉语说得一样好。

She doesn’t do her homework as carefully as her brother.她做作业不如她哥哥细心。

4)选择疑问句比较级和最高级的句型分别为：“疑问词+谓语动词+比较级，A or B?”和“疑问词+谓语动词+最高级，A，B or C?”

例如：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?太阳或地球，哪个更大?

Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球或月亮，哪个最大?

Who plays soccer better, David or Martin?戴维或马丁，谁足球踢得更好?

Who plays soccer best, David, Martin or Bill?戴维、马丁或比尔，谁足球踢得最好?

5)表示“越……就越……”时，其句型为“the +比较级，the+比较级”。

例如：The more trees, the better. 树木越多越好。

The harder you study, the better grades you will get. 学习越努力，成绩就越好。

6)表示“越来越……”时，用比较级的叠加形式，即：比较级+ and+比较级。

例如：It’s getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了。