淡雅美文范文

2022-05-16

第一篇：淡雅美文范文

纯洁美丽幽静淡雅

纯洁美丽

幽静淡雅

刘淑敏沛县县委组织部

周日阳光明媚，春风和煦，我和友人驱车来到丰县百年梨树园观赏梨花。早就听说这里的梨花节享誉盛名，我们今天也算是慕名前来，一享视觉盛宴。

走近大门，抬头就可看到写有“百年梨树”四个大字的牌匾，踏入梨园，道路两边有人书写艺术字，有人叫卖相思豆，充满着浓浓的民俗和文艺气息。

来此处不在梨树王下留影就算没有真正来过丰县梨园，满树梨花如繁星点点，苍老虬劲的枝干向上蜿蜒，梨树王见证了百年历史，经历了风雨沧桑。树上系满了红丝带，承载着众生的祥和祈福与美好祝愿。

阵阵微风把梨花吹落一地，那景象如同下雪一般，美丽壮观。我不禁想到两句诗词：落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花;零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故。两句话都描写落花，然而意境大不相同，第一句的格调较为积极，有一种不屈不挠的精神，即使生命逝去，仍要化作泥土培育下一代;第二句的气息较为伤感，花儿凋落，什么也没留下，只有曾经的香味还在鼻端萦绕，充满了对逝去事物无可挽回的叹息以及对往昔的感伤怀念。

郁郁葱葱的枝叶，洁白无瑕的花朵，梨园竟是这般素雅。梨花没有月季那般艳丽张扬，也没有牡丹那般雍容华贵，更

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第二篇：淡雅A8-卷烟品牌营销策划[1].

淡雅A8,青年人的健康品味

B市烟草公司A8品牌卷烟新品上市营销策划方案 ——HH烟草公司BB

一、背景和市场分析 (一策划背景

A卷烟品牌是S工业企业旗下的一个中高档全国知名品牌,销量与销售收入均排名全国前十五名。A8品牌是S工业企业在国家局“

532、461”品牌发展规划的指导下,进一步向高端提升的又一战略品牌,其“低焦油、低危害”的产品特点,符合国家局“降焦减害”战略趋势。S工业企业为了在B市将A8替换A2品牌卷烟,决定与B 市烟草公司开展协同营销活动,并制定本营销策划方案。

(二A8市场需求发展空间分析

1、B市属于北方中心城市,经济发展水平较高,消费能力强,卷烟结构在北方城市处于中高水平,且零售180元/条卷烟在该市消费比重不断增长;

2、B市是S工业企业重要战略性市场,A品牌在B市有一定的销售基础,消费者忠诚度和美誉度比较高;

3、B市青年消费群体喜欢淡雅口味香烟,且越来越注重健康,对低焦油、低危害卷烟需求日益增加。

(三A8目标消费群体定位分析

A8品牌卷烟在B市的主要目标消费群体应定位在青年消费者; 特别是那些在城市中生活、工作,学历高、收入较高、追求科技、健康生活的青年消费者。原因是这部分消费者的文化程度决定了其消费的高品位,收入水平又决定了其消费的高档次,且追求健康的生活方式,正好符合A8产品的综合特色。

(四A8渠道分析

A8品牌卷烟渠道选择可分为两部分:

1、从A8品牌卷烟的价格方面分析,其为一款中高端卷烟,销售渠道应以一些传统销售渠道分销,如:商场,超市,便利店,食杂店等业态;

2、从A8品牌卷烟的产品特点分析,其又是一款更适合青年人消费的个性卷烟,销售渠道还应进一步扩展到年轻人喜欢的烟酒店、娱乐服务等业态; 另外,针对消费中高端卷烟的青年消费者多数为白领阶层,或中层管理人员这一特点,可以重点选择一些商务会所、写字楼附近的卷烟销售终端。

(五A8传播分析

通过上述材料可以看出,A2卷烟的传播途径并不理想;零售客户不会主动推介,且陈列效果也不是很好。A8品牌卷烟上市后,可以选择三种传播途径:

1、传统的店销式传播:如客户推介宣传,柜台美观陈列,宣传品综合展示等;

2、新型的图文式传播:可以在客户柜台处摆放宣传品,利用A8 新品上市的宣传画报、刊物,向消费者全面展示A8卷烟的特色。

3、高效的口碑式传播:消费者购买后,可赠送打火机等小礼品,让消费者对A8品牌产生好感,愿意购买并主动向其他人宣传。

二、方案总体思路

A8品牌在B市的市场基础较好,产品特色基本符合B市青年消费群体的喜好,渠道选择性广阔,价位也能够顺应B市经济发展和卷烟消费趋势。针对上述特点,B市烟草公司决定与S工业企业开展协同营销活动,在确定目标消费群体及重点销售渠道后,开展一系列的有针对性的营销措施,确保A8品牌卷烟的市场份额、上柜率、知晓率等指标达到预期水平,促使A8品牌在B市快速、健康成长。

三、具体目标

1、通过半年时间培育,A8在同价位卷烟市场份额达到30%以上;

2、为确保A8品牌卷烟快速、顺利进入市场,半年内上柜率要达到50%以上;

3、为提高A8品牌与同价位品牌的竞争优势,半年内消费者知晓率要达到60%以上;

4、为确保其价格平稳,客户利润合理,上柜卷烟的明码实价率要达到90%以上;

5、与工业企业充分协商,保证货源供应,满足率达到90%以上;

6、积极引导客户向消费者推介,两个月内再购率要达到60%以上。

四、针对性营销措施 (一确定目标消费群体

1、确定目标消费者为青年消费群体;

2、对青年消费群体进一步细分为:具有高学历、高收入,追求健康生活的白领阶层和中层管理人员的青年卷烟消费者,绝大多数用于自吸。

(二选择重点销售渠道

1、传统渠道:商场、超市、便利店、食杂店等传统业态;

2、青年人热衷选择的渠道:烟酒店、娱乐服务业等业态;

3、其他类型渠道:如商务会所,机场,高速服务区等适合青年人进行商务活动时消费的地点渠道。

(三确定产品宣传主题

1、宣传主题:淡雅A8,青年人的健康品味

2、主题意义:凸显A8品牌的淡雅、低焦油特点,同时明确青年人作为消费主体。

(四提升上柜率

1、通过网上订货平台发布新品上市通告,利用图文展示A8卷烟的特点,吸引消费者上柜;

2、工商两支队伍协同拜访客户,在对A8品牌上市进行宣传推介同时,向重点客户发放宣传物料,如POP展架、宣传海报、烟模等, 促使零售客户积极上柜;

3、A8品牌卷烟相对毛利较高,单条获利可达到25元,可通过计算利差的方式,推动客户进行上柜

4、开展新品推介会

(1会议时间:2011年9月10日 (2会议地点:B市烟草公司会议室

(3参加人员:S工业企业B市辖区负责人,B市烟草公司主管销售领导,工商营销队伍;同时,邀请180元/条价位卷烟销售较好的零售客户代表100名参会。

(4会议内容:由工商双方负责人分别做动员性讲话,并邀请与会人员品吸A8卷烟;观看A8品牌卷烟新品介绍宣传片,重点了解其生产工艺特色;请两位零售客户代表发言,表示愿意配合工商双方做好新品上柜工作。

(5组织人员:工商营销团队; (6相关费用:品吸烟费用2000元;礼品费用20000元,合计22000元。

(五提升陈列水平

1、对上柜卷烟进行“凸显”陈列,将A8品牌放在柜台最显眼位置;

2、进行生动化陈列,如“品”字型陈列、“梯塔”型陈列、花样陈列等,吸引消费者;

3、利用宣传品配合陈列,如将POP展架、宣传海报等放在柜台

附近，用烟托将卷烟突出等;

4、利用爆炸签标注“店主推荐” “全国重点骨干品牌”字样;

5、有陈列条件的客户可在货架做“梯形”陈列。

(六)引导客户主动向消费者推介

1、营销人员站柜服务，通过营销人员现场演示，和面对面交流，指导客户向消费者推介 A8 卷烟;

2、实施买赠活动，向客户发放打火机等宣传品，在消费者购买卷烟是赠送，可以有效提高客户推介卷烟的积极性和信心;

3、开展“淡雅 A8”推广标兵评比活动： (1)活动时间：2011 年 10 月 1 日-10 月 31 日 (2)活动范围：9 月份上柜客户; (3)组织人员：工商协同营销团队 (4)活动内容及方式：由辖区客户经理用手机将客户宣传 A8 品牌的过程进行录像，并拍照其柜台展示照片，回公司统一汇总，由工商双方领导，及营销人员对宣传场景进行评分并排名;调取这些客户在 10 月份的销售数据并进行排名，按照录像排名占 60%权重，销量排名占 40%权重进行最终评比排名。 (5)评选结果：1-10 名，烟草公司颁发“淡雅 A8”推广标兵证书，并给予物质奖励;11-30 名，颁发“淡雅 A8”推广能手证书，并给予物质奖励;31-60 名，颁发“淡雅 A8”推广助手证书，并给予物质奖励; (6)后期工作：制作活动简报，面向全体零售客户发放，以起

到“比、学、赶、超”效果;

(七)对零售客户开展产品知识培训

1、培训时间：2011 年 11 月 5 日，半天时间

2、培训地点：B 市烟草公司会议室

3、培训对象： “淡雅 A8”推广标兵评比活动获奖客户，及 9 月、 10 月两个月累计进货达到 10 条以上客户;

4、培训目标：提高零售客户对 A8 品牌卷烟的推销技巧;

5、培训内容：卷烟营销技巧，A8 产品知识介绍。

6、培训师资：B 市烟草公司内训师。

(八)针对目标消费者的宣传促销

1、开展消费者品吸活动 (1)活动时间：9 月份每个星期日 (2)活动地点：B 市大型商场门前(选取三个) (3)活动主题： “淡雅 A8，青年人的健康品味” (4)组织人员：工商协同营销队伍 (5)活

动方式：在商场门前设置彩虹门、POP 展架、烟模地堆、宣传海报等物料，向青年消费者免费发放品吸烟，并进行“卷烟品吸问卷调查”对愿意接受调查的消费者赠送精美打火机、小型烟模等; (6)接触人员：聘请大学生发放品吸烟，由工商协同营销人员进行问卷调查; (7)相关费用：十万元。

2、与品吸活动同时进行有奖促销活动

(1)活动时间、地点、主题、组织人员与上述品吸活动同步 (2)活动方式：凡在品吸活动现场的商场内购买 A08 卷烟一条 (10 包) ，即可凭商场销售票据到品吸活动现场进行抽奖一次，多购买可以多次抽奖; (3)奖品设置：奖券 1000 张，其中一等奖三个，价值 10000 元的数码相机一台;二等奖 10 个，价值 5000 元的笔记本电脑一台;三等奖 20 个，价值 1000 元的时尚手机一部;纪念奖 100 个，S 工业公司提供的价值 100 元的精美茶杯; 未抽到奖的可获得 S 工业公司提供的价值 20 元的精美打火机一个。 (上述奖品均适合青年人使用) (4)组织人员：商场相关人员，工商营销人员 (5)预计费用：十万元。

(九)其他合理的针对性措施设置 A8 品牌免费体验区

1、业态选取：烟酒店、娱乐服务业态;

2、选取数量：各 5 家

3、体验区规模：2-3 平米

4、物料设置：书刊架一个，宣传报刊、册、画，消费者问卷若干;小型时尚茶几一个，小型休闲椅两个;品吸烟若干;打火机、烟灰缸、纸抽各两个;门市外侧挂“体验区”标识灯箱一个;

5、活动时间范围：2011 年 10 月 1 日-2002 年 2 月 28 日

6、体验方式：消费者可以到烟酒店体验区免费品吸 A8 卷烟;

7、相关费用：50000 元

五、方案实施控制和效果评估

(一)密切关注 A8 品牌卷烟的市场价格情况，客户经理在拜访过程中了解零售客户的库存情况，同时，通过收集消费者调查问卷，直接向零售客户了解等方式，关注消费者和零售客户对 A8 品牌卷烟的评价信息，并及时向工、商主管领导反馈。

(二) 成立由工、商双方领导共同组成的监督考评小组，建立《A8 品牌营销管理考核办法》，定期对方案的完成进度情况和实施效果进行评估，查找存在问题，并针对所发现问题，督导营销人员进行改进。

(三)建立《A8 品牌营销紧急预案》，设置安全库存，对 A8 品牌的销售波动进行密切关注，一旦发生销量突然高位增长，导致断货，立即启动紧急预

案，并协调工业企业尽快补充货源。

(四)成立工商协同营销工作组，并按照“四个协同”开展营销工作：

1、信息协同是前提：实现地市级烟草公司于工业企业的信息互通，步伐一致;

2、计划协同是基础：共同制定市场营销计划、货源调运计划等;

3、营销协同是手段：工商双方一起走访市场，拜访客户，进行调研活动;

4、队伍协同是保障：两支队伍齐心合作，互补互助互利互赢。

第三篇：平凡的花朵，淡雅的芬芳——身边的普通人

在我们的身边，有许许多多虽不被人关注的，但默默地在自己平凡的岗位上辛勤工作的普通人，他们中有路边报亭的下岗工人，清扫大街的保洁工，辛苦劳作的建筑工人„„其中，给我印象最为深刻的还是我们学校的清洁工阿姨。校园清洁工这项工作虽是那么的不起眼，却又是那么的高尚，正是她们日复一日、年复一年地在这平凡的岗位上默默无闻的奉献，我们的校园才能如此清新亮丽，生机勃勃。

记得在那个炎热的夏日，我去上洗手间，正好撞见保洁阿姨正在弯着腰用力的拖地，她不仅头上脸上全是汗，连背上的汗水都湿透了衣衫。厕所里的空气毕竟不同寻常，所有的人洗完手都是匆匆离开，可是那位保洁阿姨却似乎完全不在乎环境的恶虐，她只是不停地用手背抹一把额头上的汗珠，依旧仔细而认真地一遍又一遍地拖，直到把地上的那些顽固污渍祛除干净了为止„„看着她的一举一动，我的鼻子酸酸的，多么敬业的保洁阿姨啊!

然而对于保洁阿姨来说，还有更辛苦的时候!每次碰到雨雪天气，便是她们最忙的时候：不仅要抽空清扫校园地面的积水，还要加倍地打理厕所里的地面，以防止孩子们走路或上厕所的时候摔倒。因为雨天，厕所里的地面总要比平时脏很多：同学们淋漓的鞋底总是把厕所里踩得到处都是泥脚印，刚刚被拖干净的地面可能转眼间又被同学们踩成了个“大花脸”。即便如此，保洁阿姨仍是不厌其烦的一遍又一遍的扫水拖地，还不时地叮嘱那些调皮地不好好走路的同学走慢些，注意脚下路滑，别摔倒„„

她们的每一天都是那么的平凡，她们没有亮丽的外表，没有令人羡慕的光环，可是正是有了平凡的她们任劳任怨的付出，才有了我们清新芬芳的读书环境，才有了美丽优雅的校园风光!每当我看到她们熟悉的背影，我的心中就不由得肃然起敬!

其实在这个世界上，有很多人都像这些保洁阿姨一样虽然身世普通，工作平凡，但她们以热诚的心对待着自己平凡的工作，不因环境的恶虐而抱怨自己的命运，以善良而美好的心灵去拥抱生活的每一天，并因此而满足而快乐!她们宛如开在路牙边的小花，总是在不经意间绽放出迷人的花朵，虽然渺小，但足以使每一个路人都感受到一抹亮丽与芬芳。

南京玄武长江路小学六年级：悦可宝贝

第四篇：英语美文赏析,初中美文,英语晨读

A Strange Present One day, when I was 14, my uncle sent me a pink T-shirt from ST. Louis, Missouri as my birthday present. On a beautiful Sunday morning, I wore this pink T-shirt and walked gently to the market. On the way, some boys whistled at me. I became very nervous, so I walked faster and more properly with more decorum, but more and more boy

[注释]：

whistle: a small wind instrument for making whistling sounds by means of the breath 口哨

properly: characterized by appropriateness or suitability; fitting 恰当的

decorum: the conventions of polite behavior 礼貌

agitated: 激动的，表现不安的

Vacations in Space Want a ride in a spaceship? It will cost you about 20 million US dollars. At least that’s what Dennis Tito recently paid for a trip to the International Space Station. What if you aren’t rich, but still want to travel in space? Don’t worry. Research supported by NASA might make your dream come true. Scientists are refining a process that, if successful, will enable rockets to take off from the back of an airplane. If people do end up taking vacations in space, don’t worry about finding somewhere to stay. Businessmen like British Richard Branson are already thinking about building hotels out there.

[注释]：

NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (美国) 国家航空航天局;美国航天及太空总署

end up: 结束;告终

Keeping Pleasant In these grim times, weighed down with tension and pressure from the realities of life, many people have lost their sense of humor. They tend to keep a straight face all day long and fail to keep life in perspective. They forget how to smile and finally become physical and mental wrecks. They regard life as a burden, and tend to look on the dark side of things.Well goes a saying, “Laugh, and grow fat.” Laughter releases tension, and smiling helps create a pleasant social atmosphere. And, thus, in a way, a sense of humor is an elixir that helps cure mental diseases. Some patients even improve their physical and mental health by reading humorous stories or watching funny movies. This proves that a sense of humor helps us look at the world in a true and healthy light and makes our life worth living.

[注释]：

grim: rigid 无情的，严酷的

tension: uneasy suspense 紧张(状态)，不安

perspective: subjective evaluation of relative significance; a point of view 观点，评价; in dim bimbo 又笨又坏的女人

The Man I Respect Most My father is the man I respect most. Stern as he may be, he never fails to show his care and consideration. Once I broke a neighbor’s window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately. When Dad came home, he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what had happened.

I could only tell him the truth. Rather than scold me, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor. I learned from this episode that not only does Dad take care of our health but he also teaches us how to be good citizens. How lucky I am to have such a good father!

[注释]：

stern : severe, strict 严厉的

consideration : careful thought; deliberation 体谅，考虑

uneasiness : 不安

episode : an incident or event that is part of a progression or a larger sequence 插

My Time of Happiness Each Day As a student, most of my time is spent on school work and other school-related activities. Consequently, my time of happiness each day is very limited.

However, this is not to say that I am not happy every day. In fact, I really enjoy coming home from school each evening and having dinner with my family. After dinner, I read or watch some TV with my family. This is a happy time for me every day.

But my happiest time of a day is just before I fall asleep. Lying in bed, I think about all I achieved that day, and it makes me happy to know that the day was full.

[注释]：

consequently : therefore 从而，因此

achieve : to perform or carry out with success; accomplish 完成，达到

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 《风雪夜林边停》是一首著名的诗歌。写的是雪夜美景?写的是守诺如一?写的是人生不得不向前行?不同的读者会有完全不同的理解。这大概就是文学批评中所说的“接受美学”的观点吧。

Whose woods these are I think I know,

His house is in the village though.

He will not see me stopping here,

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer,

To stop without a farmhouse near,

Between the woods and frozen lake,

The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake,

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound’s the sweep,

英语晨读精华

87 Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

—— Robert Frost

[注释]：

queer : deviating from the expected or normal; strange 奇怪的

farmhouse : a dwelling on a farm 农舍，农家

harness : the gear or tackle, other than a yoke, with which a draft animal pulls a vehicle or an implement (全套)马具, 系在身上的绳子

downy : made of or covered with down 绒毛的，柔和的

flake : a flat, thin piece or layer; a chip 薄片;雪片 Robert Frost: 弗罗斯特·R.(1874—1963)美国诗人。生于旧金山，求学于哈佛大学。它的诗集《新罕布什尔》、《诗选》和《又一片牧场》均获得普利策奖，被公认为美国无冠的桂冠诗人。

Home—A Joy Forever Home means a lot to me. “Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.” I appreciate the warmth of my home, and regard it as one of the brightest and dearest spots on earth. It is the place where I can take refuge whenever I meet with difficulties, failures and even frustrations in my daily life. At home, my dear parents and brothers and sisters will comfort me and cheer me up. And with their concern and encouragement, I will regain my self-confidence and muster up all my strength and courage to face the stern realities of life. To me, home is forever a joy where I can always find love, understanding, care and help.

[注释]：

humble : low in rank, quality, or station; unpretentious or lowly 粗陋的

refuge : protection or shelter, as from danger or hardship 庇护，避难，避难所

frustration: the act of frustrating or an instance of being frustrated 挫败，挫折，受挫

muster : to call forth; summon up 鼓起(勇气等)，积聚

stern : hard, harsh, or severe in manner or character 严厉的，严酷的

Summer 夏日晨风，拂过我的脸庞，扰动我的梦想，飞扬在这青春读书的好时光。

I chanced to rise very early one particular morning this summer, and took a walk into the country to divert myself among the fields and meadows, while the green was new, and the flowers in their bloom. As at this season of the year every lane is a beautiful walk, and every hedge full of nosegays, I lost myself, with a great deal of pleasure, among several thickets and bushes that were filled with a great variety of birds, and an agreeable confusion of notes, which formed the pleasantest scene in the world to one who had passed a whole winter in noise and smoke. The freshness of the dews that lay upon everything about me, with the cool breath of the morning, which inspired the birds with so many delightful instincts, created in me the same kind of animal pleasure, and made my heart overflow with such secret emotions of joy and satisfaction as are not to be described or accounted for.

—Joseph Addison, Tulips

英语晨读精华

90 [注释]：

divert : to entertain by distracting the attention from worrisome thoughts or cares; amuse 消遣，通过把注意力从烦恼之事上转移开而娱乐

meadow : 草地

hedge : 树篱

nosegay : 花束

thicket : 灌木丛

animal pleasure：快感

instinct : 本能

overflow : to have a boundless supply and to be filled beyond capacity 溢出，充满

Joseph Addison 艾迪生·J. (1672—l 719)，英国随笔作家和诗人。生于威尔特郡，曾就读于牛津大学。曾任贸易和殖民地事务专员，1717 年被任命为国务大臣。同年他还创办《旁观者》杂志。本文选自他的《郁金香》。

Exploring the Oceans

洋世界到底有多少未知的秘密? Ever wonder what lives in the Earth’s waters? Some 300 scientists from 53 different countries are wondering the same thing. For the first time in history, scientists are trying to count how many species of fish, animals and plants live under water.

They are conducting a census of life in the world’s oceans, which cover 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface. The study began in 2000 and is expected to end in 2010, at a cost of US$1 billion. So far, scientists have counted more than 15,000 species of fish and around 200,000 species of animals and plants in the oceans. They expect to find at least another 5,000 species of fish.

Scientists believe that the animals and plants they’ve found so far represent just 10 per cent of the world’s total underwater population. That means that they expect to find almost 2 million species of animals and 英语晨读精华

103 plants by 2010. “Our goal by 2010 is to know as much about life in the oceans as we know about life on land now,” says a marine biologist who is working on the project.

The newly-discovered species are not all new species. Many of them have just never been recorded before. Scientists fear that the growing human population is decreasing the variety of species living in the ocean. They hope the census will help them learn how human activity, such as fishing and agriculture, is affecting the oceans.

[注释]：

species : 品种(单复数同形)

census : official counting of the information 普查，种群普查

conduct : to direct the course of; to manage or control 进行，主持

surface : the outer or the topmost boundary of an object 表面

represent : to stand for; to symbolize 代表 underwater : relating to, occurring, used, or performed beneath the surface of water 水中的

biologist : 生物学家

decrease : to grow or cause to grow gradually less or smaller, as in number, amount, or intensity 减少

variety : a group that is distinguished from other groups by a specific characteristic or set of characteristics 种类

Spring Song 布莱克的诗读起来朗朗上口，有音乐的美感，充满感性，喜欢的人很多。希望你也喜欢。

Spring is coming, spring is coming,

Birdies, build your nest;

Weave together straw and feather,

Doing each your best. Spring is coming, spring is coming,

Flowers are coming too:

Pansies, lilies, daffodillies

Now are coming through.

Spring is coming, spring is coming,

All around is fair,

Shimmer and quiver on the river,

Joy is everywhere.

—— William Blake

英语晨读精华

112 [注释]：

straw : a single stalk of threshed grain 稻草，麦秆

pansies, lilies, daffodillies: 三色紫罗兰、百合花、喇叭水仙花

sahimmer : to shine with a subdued, flickering light 微光

quiver : to shake with a slight, rapid, tremulous movement 颤抖，振动

William Blake，布莱克(1757—1827)，英国诗人，著有诗集《天真之歌》(1789)《经验之

歌》(1794)。他最重要的绘画有《坎特伯雷香客》和《雅各的梦》。

New Pictures of an Old Universe 这段科技文章看似复杂难懂，其实不难。读的同时不妨仔细分析这类文章的特点，这对于在考试中阅读理解同类文章一定有帮助。

For thousands of years humans have wondered how and when the universe first began. Now, thanks to some photographs taken by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), scientists are much closer to understanding, even seeing, the universe in its beginning years. This is all possible thanks to the WMAP satellite in orbit about one million miles above Earth. The satellite is specially designed to record one kind of cosmic energy: microwave radiation. It can use this radiation to show us what the universe looked like 13.3 billion years ago!

Wait a minute ... how can this satellite show us a picture of the universe billions of years ago? The Big Bang created the universe in a huge explosion, and at the same time it created a specific field of radiation—called the cosmic microwave background, or CMB. This CMB still lingers in the universe today. What the satellite actually does is take pictures of the CMB.

So what did scientists learn from these new pictures? First, they learned that stars formed very soon— merely 200 million years— after the Big Bang. And they were able to confirm estimates of the universe’s age: it was born about 13.7 billion years ago. This is the age that 英语晨读精华

116 scientists long suspected to be true, but now they have the birthday pictures to prove it!

[注释]：

microwave: a high-frequency electromagnetic wave, one millimeter to one meter in wavelength, intermediate between infrared and short-wave radio wavelengths 微波

probe: an exploratory action, expedition, or device, especially one designed to investigate and obtain information on a remote or unknown region 探测(器、卫星、宇宙飞船)

satellite: a celestial body that orbits a planet; a moon 卫星

orbit: the path of a celestial body or an artificial satellite as it revolves around another body(运转)轨道

cosmic: of or relating to the universe, especially as distinct from Earth 宇宙的

radiation: energy radiated or transmitted in the form of rays, waves, or particles 辐射 explosion: a release of mechanical, chemical, or nuclear energy in a sudden and often violent manner with the generation of high temperature and usually with the release of gases 爆炸

specific: special, distinctive, or unique 特定的，明确的

linger: to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry 徘徊

suspect: to have doubts about; distrust 怀疑，猜测

Three Days to See 下面的文字摘选自海伦·凯勒的自传《假如给我三天光明》。海伦虽然自幼丧失了视力和听觉，但却是一个生活在黑暗中而给人类带来光明的女性。她在1904 年获得学位，成为优秀的讲师和作家。“我要把别人眼睛所看见的光明当作我的太阳，别人的耳朵听见的音乐当作我的乐曲，别人嘴角的微笑当作我的快乐。”她接受了命运的挑战，获得了超越自己的喜悦。我们为之感动的不仅是文字本身的优美和其中所含的真情，还包括字里行间所反映的那颗伟大心灵。

Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.„

I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they 英语晨读精华

126 see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed. “Nothing in particular,” she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such reposes, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.

How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine. In the spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep. I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open finger. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.

——Helen Keller

英语晨读精华

127 [注释]：

buoyant: having or marked by buoyancy 有浮力的，轻快的

unimaginable: 想不到的，不可思议的

vista: an awareness of a range of time, events, or subjects; a broad mental view 展望，回想

listless: lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic 倦怠的，冷漠的，情绪低落的

incredulous: expressive of disbelief 怀疑的，不轻信的

accustom: to familiarize, as by constant practice, use, or habit 使习惯于

symmetry: exact correspondence of form and constituent configuration on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane or about a center or an axis 对称，匀称

silver birch: 白桦树

shaggy: having a rough nap or surface, as a textile 表面粗糙的

delightful: greatly pleasing 令人愉快的，可喜的

velvety: suggestive of the texture of velvet; soft and smooth 像天鹅绒的，柔软的

remarkable : attracting notice as being unusual or extraordinary 不平常的，非凡的，值得注意的，显著的

convolution: a form or part that is folded or coiled 回旋，盘旋，卷绕

brook: 小溪

lush: having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation 青葱的，豪华的

luxurious : fond of or given to luxury 奢侈的，豪华的

pageant: 壮观

thrilling: 颤动的, 发抖的，令人振奋的

I Have a Dream (1929—1968)，美国黑人解放运动的著名领袖，1968 年被种族主义者刺杀。1963 年8 月28 日，美国首都华盛顿举行大觃模的黑人集会，为黑人争取自由、平等和就业。马丁·路德·金在会上发表本篇演说。

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor’s lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall 英语晨读精华

137 be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

——Martin Luther King

[注释]：

Alabama: a tribe of the Creek confederacy formerly inhabiting southern Alabama and now located in eastern Texas 阿拉巴马州(美国的一个州)

lip: either of two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth 嘴唇

drip: to let fall in or as if in drops (使)滴下

interposition: 异议

nullification: the state of being nullified 无效

transform: to subject (a construction) to a transformation 改变 exalt: 升高

crooked: having or marked by bends, curves, or angles 弯曲的

glory: a highly praiseworthy asset 荣誉，光荣

reveal: to make known (something concealed or secret) 显示，透露

jangling: 刺耳的