机械专业英语中英

第一篇：机械专业英语中英

机械专业英语文章中英文对照

英语原文

NUMERICAL CONTROL

Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job. When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.

There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools：point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running. Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring.

The N/C system consists of the following components：data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment.

Data input, also called “man—to—control link”, may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means. Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs. Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors. These are located on a console near the machine. Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer. In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices. Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation. It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases.

In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape. Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems. The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks. Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two. The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks. Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film. Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop. Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling. In this case, the operator simply loads and1

unloads the parts. Punched tapes ale prepared on type writers with special tape—punching attachments or in tape punching units connected directly to a computer system. Tape production is rarely error-free. Errors may be initially caused by the part programmer, in card punching or compilation, or as a result of physical damage to the tape during handling, etc. Several trial runs are often necessary to remove all errors and produce an acceptable working tape.

While the data on the tape is fed automatically, the actual programming steps ale done manually. Before the coded tape may be prepared, the programmer, often working with a planner or a process engineer, must select the appropriate N/C machine tool, determine the kind of material to be machined, calculate the speeds and feeds, and decide upon the type of tooling needed. The dimensions on the part print are closely examined to determine a suitable zero reference point from which to start the program. A program manuscript is then written which gives coded numerical instructions describing the sequence of operations that the machine tool is required to follow to cut the part to the drawing specifications.

The control unit receives and stores all coded data until a complete block of information has been accumulated. It then interprets the coded instruction and directs the machine tool through the required motions.

The function of the control unit may be better understood by comparing it to the action of a dial telephone, where, as each digit is dialed, it is stored. When the entire number has been dialed, the equipment becomes activated and the call is completed.

Silicon photo diodes, located in the tape reader head on the control unit, detect light as it passes through the holes in the moving tape. The light beams are converted to electrical energy, which is amplified to further strengthen the signal. The signals are then sent to registers in the control unit, where actuation signals are relayed to the machine tool drives.

Some photoelectric devices are capable of reading at rates up to 1000 characters per second. High reading rates are necessary to maintain continuous machine—tool motion;otherwise dwell marks may be generated by the cutter on the part during contouring operations. The reading device must be capable of reading data blocks at a rate faster than the control system can process the data.

A feedback device is a safeguard used on some N/C installations to constantly compensate for errors between the commanded position and the actual location of the moving slides of the machine tool. An N/C machine equipped with this kind of a direct feedback checking device has what is known as a closed-loop system. Positioning control is accomplished by a sensor which, during the actual operation, records the position of the slides and relays this information back to the control unit. Signals thus received ale compared to input signals on the tape, and any discrepancy between them is automatically rectified.

In an alternative system, called an open—loop system, the machine is positioned solely by stepping motor drives in response to commands by a controllers. There is one basic type of NC motions. Point-to-point or Positional Control In point-to-point control the machine tool elements (tools, table, etc.) are moved to programmed locations and the machining operations performed

after the motions are completed. The path or speed of movement between locations is unimportant; only the coordinates of the end points of the motions are accurately controlled. This type of control is suitable for drill presses and some boring machines, where drilling, tapping, or boring operations must be performed at various locations on the work piece. Straight-Line or Linear Control Straight-Line control systems are able to move the cutting tool parallel to one of the major axes of the machine tool at a controlled rate suitable for machining. It is normally only possible to move in one direction at a time, so angular cuts on the work piece are not possible, consequently, for milling machines, only rectangular configurations can be machined or for lathes only surfaces parallel or perpendicular to the spindle axis can be machined. This type of controlled motion is often referred to as linear control or a half-axis of control. Machines with this form of control are also capable of point-to-point control.

The original N/C used the closed—loop system. Of the two systems, closed and open loop, closed loop is more accurate and, as a consequence, is generally more expensive. Initially, open—loop systems were used almost entirely for light-duty applications because of inherent power limitations previously associated with conventional electric stepping motors. Recent advances in the development of electro hydraulic stepping motors have led to increasingly heavier machine load applications.中文译文

数控技术

数控是可编程自动化技术的一种形式,通过数字、字母和其他符号来控制加工设备。数字、字母和符号用适当的格式编码为一个特定工件定义指令程序。当工件改变时,指令程序就改变。这种改变程序的能力使数控适合于中、小批量生产,写一段新程序远比对加工设备做大的改动容易得多。

数控机床有两种基本形式：点位控制和连续控制(也称为轮廓控制)。点位控制机床采用异步电动机,因此,主轴的定位只能通过完成一个运动或一个电动机的转动来实现。这种机床主要用于直线切削或钻孔、镗孔等场合。

数控系统由下列组件组成：数据输入装置,带控制单元的磁带阅读机,反馈装置和切削机床或其他形式的数控设备。

数据输人装置,也称“人机联系装置”,可用人工或全自动方法向机床提供数据。人工方法作为输人数据唯一方法时,只限于少量输入。人工输入装置有键盘,拨号盘,按钮,开关或拨轮选择开关,这些都位于机床附近的一个控制台上。拨号盘通常连到一个同步解析器或电位计的模拟装置上。在大多数情况下,按钮、开关和其他类似的旋钮是数据输入元件。人工输入需要操作者控制每个操作,这是一个既慢又单调的过程,除了简单加工场合或特殊情况,已很少使用。

几乎所有情况下,信息都是通过卡片、穿孔纸带或磁带自动提供给控制单元。在传统的数控系统中,八信道穿孔纸带是最常用的数据输入形式,纸带上的编码指令由一系列称为程序块的穿孔组成。每一个程序块代表一种加工功能、一种操作或两者的组合。纸带上的整个数控程序由这些连续数据单元连接而成。带有程序的长带子像电影胶片一样绕在盘子上,相对较短的带子上的程序可通过将纸带两端连接形成一个循环而连续不断地重复使用。带子一旦安装好,就可反复使用而无需进一步处理。此时,操作者只是简单地上、下工件。穿孔纸带是在带有特制穿孔附件的打字机或直接连到计算机上的纸带穿孔装置上做成的。纸带制造很少不出错,错误可能由编程、卡片穿孔或编码、纸带穿孔时的物理损害等形成。通常,必须要试走几次来排除错误,才能得到一个可用的工作纸带。

虽然纸带上的数据是自动进给的,但实际编程却是手工完成的,在编码纸带做好前,编程者经常要和一个计划人员或工艺工程师一起工作,选择合适的数控机床,决定加工材料,计算切削速度和进给速度,决定所需刀具类型,仔细阅读零件图上尺寸,定下合适的程序开始的零参考点,然后写出程序清单,其上记载有描述加工顺序的编码数控指令,机床按顺序加工工件到图样要求。

控制单元接受和储存编码数据,直至形成一个完整的信息程序块,然后解释数控指令,并引导机床得到所需运动。

为更好理解控制单元的作用,可将它与拨号电话进行比较,即每拨一个数字,就储存一个,当整个数字拨好后,电话就被激活,也就完成了呼叫。

装在控制单元里的纸带阅读机,通过其内的硅光二极管,检测到穿过移动纸带上的孔漏

过的光线,将光束转变成电能,并通过放大来进一步加强信号,然后将信号送到控制单元里的寄存器,由它将动作信号传到机床驱动装置。

有些光电装置能以高达每秒1000个字节的速度阅读,这对保持机床连续动作是必须的,否则,在轮廓加工时,刀具可能在工件上产生划痕。阅读装置必须要能以比控制系统处理数据更快的速度来阅读数据程序块。

反馈装置是用在一些数控设备上的安全装置,它可连续补偿控制位置与机床运动滑台的实际位置之间的误差。装有这种直接反馈检查装置的数控机床有一个闭环系统装置。位置控制通过传感器实现,在实际工作时,记录下滑台的位置,并将这些信息送回控制单元。接受到的信号与纸带输入的信号相比较,它们之间的任何偏差都可得到纠正。

在另一个称为开环的系统中,机床仅由响应控制器命令的步进电动机驱动定位,工件的精度几乎完全取决于丝杠的精度和机床结构的刚度。有几个理由可以说明步进电机是一个自动化申请的非常有用的驱动装置。对于一件事物,它被不连续直流电压脉冲驱使,是来自数传计算机和其他的自动化的非常方便的输出控制系统。当多数是索引或其他的自动化申请所必备者的时候,步进电机对运行一个精确的有角进步也是理想的。因为控制系统不需要监听就提供特定的输出指令而且期待系统适当地反应的公开- 环操作造成一个回应环,步进电机是理想的。 一些工业的机械手使用高抬腿运步的马乘汽车驾驶员,而且步进电机是有用的在数字受约束的工作母机中。 这些申请的大部分是公开- 环 ,但是雇用回应环检测受到驱策的成份位置是可能的。 环的一个分析者把真实的位置与需要的位置作比较,而且不同是考虑过的错误。 那然后驾驶员能发行对步进电机的电脉冲,直到错误被减少对准零位。在这个系统中,没有信息反馈到控制单元的自矫正过程。出现误动作时,控制单元继续发出电脉冲。比如,一台数控铣床的工作台突然过载,阻力矩超过电机转矩时,将没有响应信号送回到控制器。因为,步进电机对载荷变化不敏感,所以许多数控系统设计允许电机停转。然而,尽管有可能损坏机床结构或机械传动系统,也有使用带有特高转矩步进电机的其他系统,此时,电动机有足够能力来应付系统中任何偶然事故。

最初的数控系统采用开环系统。在开、闭环两种系统中,闭环更精确,一般说来更昂贵。起初,因为原先传统的步进电动机的功率限制,开环系统几乎全部用于轻加工场合,最近出现的电液步进电动机已越来越多地用于较重的加工领域。

第二篇：机械类专业课程名称中英文对照

机械制图 Mechanical Drawing

可编程序控制技术 Controlling Technique for Programming

金工实习 Metal Working Practice

毕业实习 Graduation Practice理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics

材料力学 Material Mechanics

数字电子电路 Fundamental Digital Circuit

机械控制工程 Mechanical Control Engineering

可靠性工程 Reliability Engineering

机械工程测试技术 Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering

计算机控制系统 Computer Control System

机器人技术基础 Fundamentals of Robot Techniques

最优化技术 Techniques of Optimum

工程测试与信号处理 Engineering Testing & Signal Processing

金属工艺及设计 Metal Technics & Design

机械工业企业管理 Mechanic Industrial Enterprise Management

机械零件课程设计 Course Design of Machinery Elements

投资经济学 Investment Economics

现代企业管理 Modern Enterprise Administration

市场营销学 Market Selling生产实习 Production Practice

课程设计 Course Exercise

有限元法 FInite Element

金工实习 Metalworking Practice

液压传动 Hydraulic Transmission微机原理及接口技术 Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer微机原理及接口技术 Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer

数控技术 Digit Control Technique活塞膨胀机 Piston Expander

活塞式制冷压缩机 Piston Refrigerant Compreessor

活塞式压缩机 Piston Compressor

活塞式压缩机基础设计 Basic Design of Piston Compressor

活塞压缩机结构强度 Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor

活赛压机气流脉动 Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor

货币银行学 Currency Banking

基本电路理论 Basis Theory of Circuit

基础写作 Fundamental Course of Composition

机床电路 Machine Tool Circuit

机床电器 Machine Tool Electric Appliance

机床电气控制 Electrical Control of Machinery Tools

机床动力学 Machine Tool Dynamics

机床设计 Machine Tool design

机床数字控制 Digital Control of Machine Tool

机床液压传动 Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission

机电传动 Mechanical & Electrical Transmission

机电传动控制 Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control

机电耦合系统 Mechanical & Electrical Combination System

机电系统计算机仿真 Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems

机电一体化 Mechanical & Electrical Integration

机构学 Structuring

机器人 Robot

机器人控制技术 Robot Control Technology

机械产品学 Mechanic Products

机械产品造型设计 Shape Design of Mechanical Products

机械工程控制基础 Basic Mechanic Engineering Control

机械加工自动化 Automation in Mechanical Working

机械可靠性 Mechanical Reliability

机械零件 Mechanical Elements

机械零件设计 Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design

机械零件设计基础 Basis of Machinery Elements Design

机械设计 Mechanical Designing

机械设计基础 Basis of Mechanical Designing

机械设计课程设计 Course Exercise in Mechanical Design

机械设计原理 Principle of Mechanical Designing

机械式信息传输机构 Mechanical Information Transmission Device

机械原理 Principle of Mechanics

机械原理和机械零件 Mechanism & Machinery

机械原理及机械设计 Mechanical Designing

机械原理及应用 Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications

机械原理课程设计 Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle

机械原理与机械零件 Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements

机械原理与机械设计 Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design

机械噪声控制 Control of Mechanical Noise

机械制造概论 Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture

机械制造工艺学 Technology of Mechanical Manufacture

机械制造基础 Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture

机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta

机械制造系统自动化 Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System

机械制造中计算机控制 Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture

互换性与技术测量 Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement焊接方法 Welding Method

焊接方法及设备 Welding Method & Equipment

焊接检验 Welding Testing

焊接结构 Welding Structure

焊接金相 Welding Fractography

焊接金相分析 Welding Fractography Analysis

焊接冶金 Welding Metallurgy

焊接原理 Fundamentals of Welding

焊接原理及工艺 Fundamentals of Welding & Technology

焊接自动化 Automation of Welding工程材料的力学性能测试 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials

工程材料及热处理 Engineering Material and Heat Treatment

工程材料学 Engineering Materials

工程测量 Engineering Surveying

工程测试技术 Engineering Testing Technique

工程测试实验 Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息 Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学 Engineering Dynamics

工程概论 Introduction to Engineering

工程概预算 Project Budget

工程经济学 Engineering Economics

工程静力学 Engineering Statics

工程力学 Engineering Mechanics

工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynamics

工程项目评估 Engineering Project Evaluation

工程优化方法 Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学 Engineering Kinematics

工程造价管理 Engineering Cost Management

工程制图 Graphing of Engineering电机学 Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机 Electrical Machinery Control & Technology

第三篇：英语专业中英文课程描述

英语专业课程描述

Course Description for the Specialty of English

1、 基本信息

姓名：

学号：

学院：

专业

I. Basic information

Name:

Students No.:

College: Department of foreign languages

Specialty: English (Orientation to international trade)

2、 教学安排

修业年限：4年(2009.9——2013.7)

拟授学位：文学学士

教学计划：公共基础课15.5学分，专业课23 学分，实践必修课 8.5

学分，选修课2.5学分 共 49.5学分

II. Teaching arrangements

Duration of studying: Four years (From September 2009 to July 2013)Academic degree to be conferred: Bachelor’s degree of arts

Teaching plan: The required credits have totaled 49.5, in which 15.5 credits

are for public elementary courses; 23 credits for specialized courses; 8.5 credits for practical obligatory courses; 2.5 credits for optional courses.

3、2009.9-2010.7已修课程描述

III. Description of the courses which have been completed from September 2009

to July 2010

1、 基础英语Fundamental English(6学分)

本课程是面向英语专业学生的必修课。它的总体目标是为学生打好语言基础、优化学习方法、增加文化积累、拓展逻辑思维能力，为其毕业后事业的发展提供有力的支持。本课程系统传授基础知识(常用词汇、实用方法、篇章结构、语言功能等)，进行全面的基本技能训练，注重全球经济环境下交际能力的培养，使学生的听、说、读、写的能力得到有效的提高。

1. Fundamental English (6 Credits )

The course is an obligatory course orientated to the students majoring in English. Its overall target is to supply strong support for the students’ career development after graduation by laying a good language foundation, optimizing the studying methods, increasing cultural accumulation and developing the ability of logic thinking. Through the course, the students have been taught fundamental knowledge (Common vocabulary, practical methods,1

text structure, language function and so on) in a systematic way and accepted the overall trainings of basic skills. More attention has been paid to the cultivation of communicative ability under the environment of global economy so as to effectively improve the abilities of the students in listening, speaking, reading and writing.2、 英语听力 Listening Comprehension(2学分)

本课程是面向英语专业学生的必修课。采用国外先进的语言教学软件，利用多媒体设备以学生自学为主、教师指导为辅的形式，强化训练英语的听力技能及其它相关技能，为口语等专业课程学习打下坚实的基础。

2. Listening Comprehension (2 credits)

The course is an obligatory course orientated to the students majoring in English. By adopting foreign advanced language teaching software, making use of multi-media equipment, relying mainly on the students’ self-study while teacher’s guidance is only subsidiary, intensifying the training of English listening skills and other relevant skills so as to lay a solid foundation for the students to learn the specialized courses including oral language..3、 英语泛读Extensive English Reading(2学分)

本课程是面向英语专业学生的必修课。本课程通过全面系统的阅读训练，使学生掌握细读、略读、寻读等方法，培养假设能力、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力，提高阅读速度和理解力，增强英语国家文化背景知识，提高语言鉴赏能力。

3. Extensive English Reading (2 credits)

The course is an obligatory course orientated to the students majoring in English. Through overall and systematic reading training offered in the course, the students can master the methods including intensive reading, skimming and scanning, cultivate their logic thinking abilities such as assumption ability, induction analysis and reasoning inspection, improve their reading speed and understanding, enhance their background and culture knowledge about English-speaking countries and improve their ability of language appreciation.

4、 英语口语 Oral English(2学分)

本课程是英语专业学生必修课。旨在训练学生的语音、语调口语会话能力等基本语言技能，培养和提高学生跨文化交际能力，包括语言能力、语用能力、交际策略能力和对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和进行灵活处理的能力。使学生能用英语传递信息、建立和维持社会关系。学生通过第一学年课程的学习和训练，应能对一般日常生活和某些话题进行简单会话和讨论。

4. Oral English (2 credits)

The course is an obligatory course for the students majoring in English. It aims at training the students in basic language skills such as phonetics, tone and oral conversation ability, cultivating and improving the students in cross-cultural communication ability, including language ability, pragmatic ability, communicative strategic ability, sensitiveness to cultural difference and tolerance as well as the ability to flexible treatment so that the students can pass on the information in English, establish and maintain a kind of social relationship. The student can conduct simple conversations and dialogues with respect to common daily life and other issues through the studying and training of the 1st academic year.5、 文科数学 Mathematics (Arts)(3学分)

讲授微积分的基本知识。内容包括：定积分、定积分的应用，多元函数微分学、无穷级数的敛散性、常微分方程及上述知识在经济学中的应用习。通过教学逐步提高学生分析问题和解决实际问题的能力，为继续学习专业知识和继续深造做好充分的准备。

5. Mathematics (Arts) (3 credits)

The course has taught fundamental knowledge about infinitesimal calculus, including definite integral and its application, multivariate function, differential calculus, the convergence of infinite series，ordinary differential equation as well as the application of the above-mentioned knowledge in economics. Through teaching, the students can gradually improve their abilities in analyzing problems and solving practical problems so as to make sufficient preparation for further studying.6、 毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论An Introduction to Mao’s Thoughts & Socialism with Chinese Characteristics(4学分)本课程是面向所有专业本科生的基础课程。该门课程主要介绍马克思主义中国化的历史进程及其理论成果，主要包括毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系两大理论成果。介绍理论成果的形成背景、主要内容及其对实践的指导作用。

6. An Introduction to Mao’s Thoughts & Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (4 credits)

The course is an elementary course oriented to the undergraduate of the specialties. The course mainly introduces the historical process of the Marxism with Chinese characteristics and its theoretical achievement. It mainly includes two theoretical achievements, that is, Mao Zedong Thoughts and the theoretical system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. It introduces the background of the theoretical achievements, formation, main contents and their guiding role in practices.7、 思想品德修养与法律基础 Fundamental Morality & Laws(2学分)本课程是根据《中共中央宣传部教育部关于进一步加强和改进高等学校思想政治理论课的意见》设置的一门新课，以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观为指导，对大学生进行思想道德教育和社会主义法制教育的一门思想政治理论课。通过学习，使学生了解我国社会主义宪法和有关法律基础知识，增强社会主义法制观念和法律意识，树立为人民服务为核心、以集体主义为原则的社会主义思想道德，树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观，将学生培养成为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义公民。

7. Fundamental Morality & Laws (2 credits)

The course is a new course offered in accordance with the Opinion of the Ministry of Publicity of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Education on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Political Theory Course in the Institutions of Higher Education, taking as guidance Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Important Thoughts of “Three Represents” and the Scientific Outlook on Development, it is an ideological and political theory course through which

college students can have the educations in ideological morality and socialism legality. Through studying it, the students can understand the Socialist Constitution of our country and relevant basic legal knowledge, enhance their concept about socialism legality and legal consciousness, establish a socialist ideological morality by focusing upon serving the people and taking the collectivism as its principle and set up scientific outlooks on world, life and value so that the students can be cultivated into a socialist citizen with lofty ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline.8、 计算机应用基础 Fundamental Computer Application(3.5学分)本课程是一门以介绍计算机基础知识和计算机基本操作为主，理论与实际紧密结合，具有较强操作技能和实践性的计算机基础课程。内容包括:计算机硬件和软件的基础知识;计算机网络与Internet基础知识;Windows操作系统的使用;Word文字处理软件和PowerPoint演示文稿软件的使用。通过教学和上机实践使学生

8. Fundamental Computer Application (3.5 credits)

The course has mainly touched on fundamental computer knowledge and basic computer operating. In closely combination with theory and practices, it is a basic computer course with stronger operating skills and practices. It mainly includes fundamental knowledge of computer hardware and software, fundamental knowledge of computer networks and Internet; use of Windows operating system and use of Word processing software and PowerPoint presentation software. Through teaching and operating, the students can master fundamental knowledge of computer and basic operating skills so as to be equipped with the ultimate fundamental skills to use computer.9、 VB程序设计 VB Programming(3.5学分)

本课程能够帮助学生建立程序设计的思想，理解日常软件是怎样形成的，以及软件的开发过程和设计思想。使得学生初步具备应用一种高级语言进行程序设计的能力，是一实践性、应用性较强的课程。

9. VB programming (3.5 credits)

The course can help the student establish the thought of programming and understand how common software comes into being as well as development of software and design thought. By doing so, the student can have a basic ability for programming in advanced language. It is a practical course with stronger application.10、 网页编程基础 Fundamental Webpage Programming (2学分)

HTML这门基础的标识语言是一门实践性很高的课程，它旨在培养学生熟练掌握其操作，灵活的使用，将理论学习的知识不断的应用于实践中，创造出富有特色的网页，发挥学生的创造性。网页编程主要分为客户端和服务器编程，客户端的编程主要是Javascript编程，服务器端的编程目前主要是3P技术，即：ASP、PHP和JSP。

掌握计算机的基本知识和基本操作技能，从而具备使用计算机的最基本能力。

10. Fundamental Webpage Programming (2 credits)

HTML, as basic markup language, is a more practical course. It aims at

cultivating the students to master its operation skillfully and use it flexibly, apply the theoretical knowledge which the students have learned continually into the practice, create the distinctive webpage and bring the students’ originality into full display. Webpage programming is mainly divided into client side programming and server side programming. The client side programming is mainly Java-script programming while the server side programming mainly refers to 3P technology, that is, ASP, PHP and JSP.11、 体育 Physical Education(1学分)

我校一年级开设公共理论课。通过二个学期的体育课教学，向学生传授体育的基本理论和基本知识与基本技术，提高学生的体育运动能力，发展学生的身体素质。增强体质，促进健康，全面提高学生的身体素质。熟练掌握基本技术，初步形成持战术能力。为二年级的选修课打下良好的基础。

11. Physical Education (1 credit)

It is a public theoretical course offered for the freshmen. Through two semesters of physical education teaching, the students have been taught fundamental theories, fundamental knowledge and fundamental technologies so as to improve their sportive abilities, develop their physical quality, raise their physical endowments, promote their health and improved their overall physical quality. The students can skillfully master basic technologies and form initiative ability in special tactics so as to lay a good foundation for the optional courses offered in the 2nd academic year.12、 英语语音 English Pronunciation(1学分)

本课是对英语专业本科一年级学生开设的必修课。旨在通过对学生进行关于英语语音、语调知识的系统传授和训练，培养学生掌握正确的发音要领和流畅的语调，增强学生在口头表达中对语音语调的驾驭能力，从而全面提高英语口语表达的能力。

12. English pronunciations (1 credit)

The course is an obligatory course offered for the freshmen majoring in English. It aims at cultivating the students to master the essentials of correct pronunciation and smooth tone by teaching and training the students in English pronunciation and tone knowledge, and enhancing their ability in using pronunciation and tone in oral expression so as to improve their ability in oral English expressions in an overall way.13、 英语实用写作 Practical English Writing(1学分)

本课程属于选修课。目的在于培养学生英语写作能力，教授应用性写作基本方法。内容包括：研究生入学介绍信、求职信、辞职信、意见信函、雅思小作文写作。教学内容的安排从如何用词和句子结构入手，要求学生根据提示作文，或模仿范文写作，或根据一定的情景进行串写，进而过渡到掌握段落写作技巧、篇章布局和短文写作。

13. Practical English Writing (1 credit)

The course is an optional course and aims at cultivating the students’ ability in English writing and teaching them basic methods of practical writing. It includes postgraduate’s letter of introduction, application letter, resignation letter, opinion letter and IELTS composition writing. With regard to arrangements of teaching, beginning with how to use words and sentence structures, the students are required to write a composition by imitating the model in accordance with the

reference or write a composition with scenes in a string way and then transfer to master the skills for paragraph writing, section and chapter layout and short article writing.14、 大学语文 University Chinese(2学分)

本课程是一门将现代大学语文课程的工具性与人文性特点相统一的课程。该课适应当代人文社会科学与自然科学交叉渗透的发展趋势，培养具有全面素养的高素质人才。旨在提高大学生的人文素质，建立对人类普世价值体系的认同，实现大学生的“精神成人”;使学生了解基本的应用写作理论知识，具备基本的应用文写作能力及文章分析与处理能力，为写毕业论文做好必要的知识准备。

14. University Chinese (2 credits)

The course is a course integrated with an instrument of modern university Chinese and the humanities. The course adapts to the trend toward the mutually-penetrating development of contemporary humanities and natural sciences so as to cultivate the high quality talents with overall attainment. It aims at enhancing the quality of the students in humanities, form an identity about the system of human universal values and realize the “spiritual adult” of college students; the students are required to understand fundamental theoretical knowledge about practical writing, and have basic ability of practical writing as well as the ability of article analysis and treatment so as to make necessary knowledge preparation for graduation thesis writing.15、 人才与创造 Talent & Creativity (1.5学分)

本课程属于选修课。旨在帮助学生提高创新智能、塑造创新人格。通过使学生了解如何具备与发掘创新与创造的必需因素，激发学生创新意识，培养创新思维。讨论创新人格在创新中的决定性作用，并掌握其优化方法认识创新精神和创新意识。

15. Talent & Creativity (1.5 credits)

The course is an optional course, which aims at helping the student improve their creative intellectual ability and build creative personality. It arouses the students’ creative consciousness by making the students understand how to have and tap necessary factors of innovation and creation. It has discussed the decisive role of creative personality in innovation and required the student to master its optimization methods and realize innovative spirit and innovation consciousness.

第四篇：会计专业英语感悟中英文

For accounting students, professional accounting English learning is not just a very important tool, and it makes us the opportunity to contact with deeper and broader expertise!Learning accounting professional English, let us recognize the basic accounting jargon to understand the deeper knowledge of professional content, and more importantly Wit

对于会计专业的学生来说，专业会计英语的学习不仅仅是一个非常重要的工具，而也会让我们有机会可接触更深更广的专业知识!学习会计专业英语，首先让我们认清最基本的会计专业术语，了解更深的专业内容知识，更重要的是随着学习的深入，我们更能学习到一些国际会计准则，更直接地接触世界会计，而不仅限于国内。而且，培养我们用英语处理日常会计业务的能力，同时在学习专业英语的同时，巩固平时学习的英语语法，扩展的词汇。在其他方面，更容易理解一些最新的国际财经新闻，在使用一些专业会计软件时，不会有障碍。所以，对于专业英语的学习是非常重要的。虽然，在我们现在的英语基础上，对于专业英语的学习是有些困难的，首先是专业术语的记忆，词汇量大且容易混淆，其次是专业英语的句式的语言层次多，语法复杂，最后就是中西方的会计处理的差异。所以，对于会计英语的学习，我们应该更加努力。

第五篇：自动化专业英语中英对照

自动化专业英语中英文对照 retarding torque 制动转矩

inductive component 感性(无功)分量 abscissa axis 横坐标

induction generator 感应发电机

synchronous generator 同步发电机automatic station 无人值守电站hydropower station 水电站

process of self – excitation 自励过程auxiliary motor 辅助电动机

technical specifications 技术条件voltage across the terminals 端电压steady – state condition 瞬态 暂态reactive in respect to 相对….呈感性active in respect to 相对….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步进相(调相)机

coincide in phase with 与….同相synchronous reactance 同步电抗algebraic 代数的algorithmic 算法的biphase 双相的

bilateral circuit 双向电路bimotored 双马达的corridor 通路

shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流

leakage 泄漏

lightning shielding 避雷harmonic 谐波的

insulator string 绝缘子串neutral 中性的

zero sequence current 零序电流sinusoidal 正弦的square 平方

corona 电晕,放电bypass 旁路

voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表micrometer 千分尺thermometer 温度计watt-hour meter 电度表wattmeter 电力表private line 专用线路diameter 直径centimeter 厘米

restriking 电弧再触发magnitude 振幅oscillation 振荡auxiliary 辅助的

protective gap 保护性间隙放电receptacle 插座

lightning arrester 避雷装置bushing 套管trigger 起动装置stress 应力

deterioration 损坏,磨损spark gap 火花放电隙traveling-wave 行波

wye-connected 星形连接enclosure 设备外壳live conductor 带电导体fuse 熔断器

structural 结构上的out-of-step 不同步的resynchronize 再同步synchroscops 同步指示器

automatic oscillograph 自动示波器nominally 标称sampling 采样

potential transformer 电压互感器fraction 分数

switchyard 户外配电装置hazard 危险bushing 高压套contact 触点

energize 励磁trip coil 跳闸线圈

over-current relay 过电流继电器armature 衔铁

pickup current 始动电流release current 释放电流solenoid relay 螺管式继电器

induction-disc relay 感应圆盘式继电器cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘

ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金

inverse time relay 反时限继电器hydraulic 液力的dashpot 阻尼器pneumatic 气动的

permanent magnet 永磁体electrical stressing 电气应力mechanical stressing 机械应力deviation 偏差

third harmonic voltage 三次谐波电压induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流

right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率

induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子

induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位

exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽

lamination 叠片

laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕

performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率

revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电

per-unit value 标么值

breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修

wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数

speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动

synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数

locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机

inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗

line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载

Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损

complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励

armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的

waveguide 波导 波导管bandwidth 带宽

light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石 二氧化硅

regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的

high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的

Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导 传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器

Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅

Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控

tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的

two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机

polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压

time constant 时间常数

forward transfer function 正向传递函数

error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器

stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时

direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数

transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿

operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点

feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应

voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配

error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁

feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路

automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器

reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的

limiter 限幅器

manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区

potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器

air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路

load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线

polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件

circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池

energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体

heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流

time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池

e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势unidirectional current 单方向性电流circuit diagram 电路图

load characteristic 负载特性terminal voltage 端电压

external characteristic 外特性conductance 电导volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡ideal source 理想电源internal resistance 内阻

active (passive) circuit elements 有(无)源电路元件

leakage current 漏电流circuit branch 支路

P.D. = potential drop 电压降potential distribution 电位分布

r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值

effective values 有效值

steady direct current 恒稳直流电

sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数complex number 复数

Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系modulus 模real part 实部

imaginary part 虚部

displacement current 位移电流

trigonometric transformations 瞬时值epoch angle 初相角

phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信号放大器mid-frequency band 中频带

bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 双极性晶体管

field effect transistor (FET) 场效应管electrode 电极 电焊条polarity 极性gain 增益

isolation 隔离 分离 绝缘 隔振emitter 发射管 放射器 发射极collector 集电极base 基极

self-bias resistor 自偏置电阻triangular symbol 三角符号

phase reversal 反相

infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益feedback component 反馈元件differentiation 微分integration 积分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度

summing circuit 总和线路 反馈系统中的比较环节

Oscillation 振荡inverse 倒数admittance 导纳transformer 变压器turns ratio 变比 匝比ampere-turns 安匝(数)mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工频

capacitance effect 电容效应induction machine 感应电机shunt excited 并励series excited 串励separately excited 他励self excited 自励

field winding 磁场绕组 励磁绕组speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性

dynamic-state operation 动态运行salient poles 凸极excited by 励磁field coils 励磁线圈

air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布direct axis 直轴

armature coil 电枢线圈

rotating commutator 旋转(整流子)换向器

commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线

mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波Geometrical position 几何位置magnetic torque 电磁转矩spatial waveform 空间波形

sinusoidal – density wave 正弦磁密度

external armature circuit 电枢外电路instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率

instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率

effects of saturation 饱和效应reluctance 磁阻

power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 复励发电机rheostat 变阻器

self – excitation process 自励过程commutation condition 换向状况

cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机

operating condition 运行状态

equivalent T – circuit T型等值电路rotor (stator) winding 转子(定子绕组)winding loss 绕组(铜)损耗prime motor 原动机

active component 有功分量reactive component 无功分量electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩