四级经典作文范文

2022-05-31

第一篇：四级经典作文范文

经典四级话题作文

话题：1

莫言获诺贝尔文学奖

(1)我国作家莫言获诺贝尔文学奖。

(2)此次获奖的重大意义。

范文：

Several months ago, a good news that Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature. After this bigevent, Mo Yan, the first Chinese resident to win the prize, has been the atourist attraction because of his popularity. For his award, Chinese mediaoverwhelming report this exciting news. People are rushing to the bookstores tobuy his famous book and some are even out of stock.Generally speaking, his award means a lot to China,especially Chinese literature. The Nobel Prize for literature is a dream ofChinese literary field and all Chinese people. However, as a large culturalcountry that owns countless classic works, China had no winner of the NobelPrize for literature which had become a great pity. Therefore, this prizefinishes Chinese people. In addition, although we have agreat number of great works, very few people can read a book carefully andtranquilly in the impetuous society. I think this exciting news willtowards literature, which is a great motivation to thedevelopment of

literature. This is what we are happy to see.

几个月前，一个好消息，席卷中国，莫言获2012届诺贝尔文学奖。在这bigevent，莫言，中国第一个居民赢得奖金，一直在中国松脆的炸鸡肉。在山东省高密县成为来观光吸引力因为他的受欢迎。他的奖，中国mediaoverwhelming报道这个令人兴奋的消息。人们冲到书店买他的著名的书和一些甚至脱销。

一般来说，他的奖励意味着很多中国，尤其是中国文学。诺贝尔文学奖是一个梦想中国文学领域和所有的中国人民。然而，作为一个大culturalcountry拥有无数的经典作品，中国没有诺贝尔奖得主的文学已成为一大遗憾。因此，这prizefinishes一桩心愿中国人民。此外，虽然我们有一大批的优秀作品，很少人能仔细地读一本书andtranquilly在浮躁的社会。我觉得这令人兴奋的消息将inspirepeople积极性的文学，这是一个伟大的动机发展文学。这就是我们很高兴看到。

第二篇：四级英语作文备考经典句型

英语四级作文备考经典句型

1. "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。

The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.

2."many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many

as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well…as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。

One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

3. "so…that, such…that"是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。

The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.

4. "by doing…"结构。这个结构的意思是"通过(做)……"，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。

5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of"

"something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of"，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"."much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无".something like译为"有点像，略似。"

They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.

6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲".

Those pigs of girls eat so much. 7. as…as…can(may)be

It is as plain as plain can be.

8. "It is in(with)…as in(with)"

It is in life as in a journey.

9. "when"引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候"，它还有许多种译法。

Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.

10. "not…because…"，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。

In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.

11."to make…of"的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)

I will make a scientist of my son.

12. oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式

She is too angry to speak.

英语四级作文备考经典句型

13. only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so 和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。

You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

14. "no more …than…"句型

A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

15. "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……".而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可译为"甚至……还没有".

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

16. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。

Nothing is more precious than time.

17. "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"."not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等。

You cannot be too careful.

18. "否定+but "结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等。 Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

19. "否定+until (till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的 "until/ till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。

Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

20. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。 He is not so sick but he can come to school.

21. "疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。

Who should write it but himself?

22. "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。

Who knows but (that) he may go?

23. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you.

第三篇：大学英语四级作文万能经典句子必背

英语作文万能句子

英语四级作文万能句子精选

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______

英语作文万能句子

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.

第四篇：大学英语四级作文句型四六级常用句型万能句经典句型

英语四级,英语六级作文常用句型突破

一，开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 2.It goes without saying that... 3.It can be said with certainty that... 4.As the proverb says 5.It has to be noticed that... 6.It`s generally recognized that... 7.It`s likely that 8.It`s hardly that... It`s hardly too much to say that... What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是 There`s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认 Nothing is more important than the fact that... what`s far more important is that... 二，衔接句型

A case in point is ... As is often the case... As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以„„ But it`s a pity that... For all that...In spite of the fact that... Further, we hold opinion that... However , the difficult lies in... Similarly, we should pay attention to... not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present situation.鉴于目前形势 As has been mentioned above... In this respect, we many as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说 However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即三，结尾句型

I will conclude by saying... Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that... Therefore, in my opinion, it`s more advisable... It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来„„也许更好四。万能句型

Let`s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

eg:let`s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this. It`s remains to be further studied... There`s question is how... so that,so...that... 正式的英文写作.切忌不要使用“I”“You”“We”等等主观的称谓!

第五篇：英语专业四级经典语法练习题

英语专业四级语法练习题 Mary is _______ than Alice.

A. more experienced a teacher

B. a more experienced teacher C. more an experienced teacher

D. more experienced teacher an experienced teacher, 比较级加在形容词前，因此B。 _______ the two, Bob is ________ student.

A. Of, more diligent

B. In, more diligent C. Of, the more diligent

D. In, the more diligent the +比较级+ of the two，因此C。

Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _______ Eastern Nebraska. A. in B. it receives in C. does D. it does in

(1992)

(1995)

(1996) 完整形式应该是：than Eastern Nebraska receives snow，省去了部分谓语，保留了主语和助动词，可以倒装，因此C。

The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _______.

(1998) A. is necessary B. being necessary C. to be necessary D. it is necessary 这个句子是一个由than引导的比较状语从句，既然是从句那么可以排除BC;than引导的从句中省略了的主语应该是the indoor swimming pool，为避免重复，一般省略，不需要用it来指代。A。

There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ______ in the public mind today.

(1999) A. exists B. exist C. existing

D. to exist 省略了的主语是anxiety，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数：A The experiment requires more money than _______.

(2002) A. have been put in

B. being put in

C. has been put in

D. to be put in than引导的从句中省略了的主语应该是money，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数，C。 The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _______ to the truck.

(2003) A. the greater stress is

B. greater is the stress C. the stress is greater

D. the greater the stress “地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车对地面的压强就越大。”A。as Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice _______ they did before their diet.(1993) A. more than B. as many as C. much than D. as much as D,“饭量是以前的两倍”。A是指“三倍”，不合常理。

Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor. (1998) A. as far as B. the same as C. as much as D. as long as C，as much as“达到与„„一样的程度”，完整的后半个句子应是：language belongs to the cleaner as much as it belong to the professor “语言属于社会的每个成员，既属于清洁工，也属于教授”;as far as“一直到某个程度”;the same as“与„„一样”;表示“清洁工和教授是一样的”，意思不妥;as long as“只要”。

She did her work ______ her manager had instructed.

(2002) A. as

B. until

C. when

D. though as可表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”;“她依照经理的指示办事。”A。

The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.

(2004) A. so much as B. rather than C. as

D. than A考点是not „ so much as句型，表示“与其说是，倒不如说是”、“更多的是，而不是”。“毫无疑问，那个喇叭手的号声吵死了，但与其说我烦他的声音大，倒不如说烦他没吹号的天分。”

His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.

(2005) A. so as to

B. such as to

C. such to

D. as much as to such as为固定搭配，意为“到如此程度以致”，又如：His illness is not such as to cause anxiety.他的病还没有严重到令人担心的地步。 Twelve is to three _______ four is to one.

(1998) A. what

B. as

C. that

D. like 水对鱼的关系就像空气对人的关系一样：Water is to fish what air is to man. A is to B what C is to D Intellect is to the mind ______ sight is to the body.

(2001) A. what

B. as

C. that

D. like 智力对于思想，犹如视力对于身体一样。 not + 比较级 + than, no + 比较级 + than John is _______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.

(1998) A. no less B. no more

C. not less

D. no so A，“约翰的用功绝不亚于他姐姐，可是这次考试他却没及格。”not less than只是比较约翰和他姐姐，没有强调约翰非常用功。

Fat cannot change into muscle _______ muscle changes into fat.

(1999) A. any more than B. no more than C. no less than D. much more than A，“脂肪不能转变为肌肉，就像肌肉不能转变为脂肪一样。”not „ any more than意思是“和„同样都不„”。 as / though / much as David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life.

(1993) A. who

B. if

C. while

D. though D，表示转折。答案C while只是表示同时并列的转折。如：While I understand your views, I can’t agree with you. ______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998) A. Much as

B. Much though C. As much D. Though much A, much as可看作是固定词组，作连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。如Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid you could not come. Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.

(2002) A. who

B. as

C. that

D. like B，有倒装，a./n. + as + 主语 + 助动词be，如：Patient as he is, he can’t bear it any longer. ______ I like economics, I like sociology much better.

(2003) A. As much as

B. So much C. How much D. Much as D, 同18题。 ______, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.

(2005) A. Although he is a socialist

B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist

D. Since he is a socialist 虽然韦尔斯先生是一个社会主义者，但他对工人阶级却没有什么同情心。表转折含义的只有A项。

定语从句

Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

(2003) A. where

B. of whose

C. whose D. which C，关系代词在从句中做定语。“树的上面是山，它的倒影忠实地映照在河面上。” Only take such clothes _______ really necessary.

(1994) A. as were

B. as they are

C. as they were D. as are D，as引导定语从句，先行词是clothes，as在从句中作主语，所以BC不对，因为they是多余的;A的时态与主句不搭配。

______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.

(1994) A. That

B. It

C. This

D. As D，as作关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，表达整个主句的意思。“正如一种新的观念产生时一样，人们总是做许多准备活动和积极的讨论，却拿不出具体的建议。”

This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996) A. which

B. where

C. whether D. what B，“公司现在提出了一项新政策，依照新政策，工资增长与工作业绩挂钩。”

The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.

(1997) A. I think which is B. that I think is C. which I think is D. which I think it is C，I think是插入语，which在从句中就是主语，D中it是多余的。 I have never been to London, but that is the city ______.

(1997) A. where I like to visit most

B. I’d most like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly

D. where I’d like most to visit B, 首先排除A，因为the city在从句中作宾语，不能用where引导;C中mostly表示“通常，大部分”，意思不通顺;表示“最想”，用most like,不是like most, most是much的最高级，much一般不修饰不定式，多用于修饰分词。He was much pleased. She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98) A. which

B. before

C. that

D. when D，从句有自己的主语和宾语，因此不选AC，when引导定语从句在句中作时间状语。B项不合语法，因为主句的时态是一般过去时，从句却是过去完成时。 I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______.

(1999) A. I’d most like to visit

B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit

D. I’d like much to visit A，同27。

Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.

(2000) A. whose

B. as

C. what

D. that D，that在从句中作主语。使用电脑操作的工厂已经发现可以大大减少质检员工的数量。 We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make great differences in our life next summer.

(2002) A. which

B. what

C. that

D. they A，指代前面的整个句子。

They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected.

(2003) A. which

B. it

C. that

D. what A，同上。“他们克服一切困难，提前两个月完成了工程，这是我们没有料到的事。” 名词性从句

We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy.

(1994) A. whomever

B. who

C. whom

D. whoever D，介词to后面是个宾语从句，从句缺主语;whom和whomever虽然可以接宾语从句，但它们不能在从句中作主语，AC不对;whoever语义比who强烈，更贴切。 The team can handle whatever _____.

(1997) A. that needs handling

B. which needs handling C. it needs handling

D. needs to be handled D，whatever引导的分句作handle的宾语，又在从句中作主语，因此不需要再加任何其他主语，ABC都有多余的主语成分。

After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (99) A. that

B. there

C. what

D. it C，after在句中时介词还是连词?如果是连词，从句中的时态通常为完成体，所以排除连词的可能性。既然after是介词，那么后面必定是宾语从句，后面的从句缺主语，只有what既引导宾语从句，又在宾语从句中作主语;BD都不能引导宾语从句。A虽然可以引导宾语从句，但不在从句中充当任何语法成分。

Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?

(2002) A. by which

B. that

C. in where D. where B，situation后的从句是对situation作出具体的解释，因此是同位语从句。非限定动词(不定式、动名词、分词) ____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.

(2001) A. To be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall D.AC不对是因为动词不定式和动名词的否定结构形式应为not to do, not doing;B动词不定式短语作主语通常表示特定的具体的行为，特别是表示将来的或一次性的行为，To skate on real ice is his dream. D动名词作主语表示抽象一般的概念。Skating on real ice is great fun. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____ in Africa.

(1996) A. hunted

B. hunting

C. that hunted D. are hunted A，完整结构应为：the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals (from being) hunted in Africa;“此举也许既能保护非洲的其他动物不被猎杀，又能使大象免受灭族之灾” The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ______.

(1998) A. to stay

B. is to stay C. to stay at D. is for staying C，stay是不及物动词，必须接介词才能跟宾语。

In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid _____.

(1996) A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to be beaten B，avoid后接动名词做宾语。被动，因此B。“避免被对手打败” He resented _____ to wait. He expected the minister _____ him at once.

(1995) A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to see C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeing B，resent后接动名词，expect后接不定式。

I never regretted _____ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. A. not to accept

B. not having accepted C. having not accepted

D. not accepting

(1993) D, regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”，事情已经发生了，常用动名词的一般形式表示动作已经发生了。

He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _____ out and three men climbing down it.

(1995) A. throwing

B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown B，see可与现在分词或不定式连用，平行结构，后面用了现在分词，这里也用分词;绳梯是被扔出飞机，因此要用被动结构，排除AC;see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe,等词一般不跟分词的完成形式连用。

Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (99) A. having made

B. making C. to have made D. to make C，主语补足语的动作在谓语动词之前发生，用完成时。

AIDS is said _____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.

(2002) A. being

B. to be

C. to have been D. having been C, 同上。

The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (04) A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think B，“人们认为财政部长正在考虑通过征收新税来增加政府的额外税入。”B“正在考虑” The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.

(1999) A. had been captured

B. being always captured C. only to be captured

D. unfortunately captured C，“这三人多次企图偷偷越过边界进入邻国，不料每次都被警察抓住。”only to表示出乎意料，通常是不愉快的结果。

This missile is designed so that once ______ nothing can be done to retrieve it, (1995) A. fired

B. being fired C. they fire

D. having fired A，once连词，一旦，被动，所以A。This missile is designed so that once it is fired „ ______ , he can now only watch it on TV at home.

(1998) A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match

B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match C，分词短语的动作在主句动作之前发生，用分词的完成形式。 Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there.

(1994) A. a lot of people were

B. he found a lot of people C. a lot of people

D. people were found B，空处的逻辑主语与arrive保持一致。 _____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.

(1994) A. Not received B. Since receiving

C. Having received D. Not having received D，receive的主语是she，因此应是主动，A不对;receive的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，所以要用分词的完成形式，否定应是not having done. __B__ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.

(2000) A. Looking

B. Looked

C. Having looked D. To look There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2000) A. to be

B. to have been C. being

D. be C.前面分句构成独立主格结构。

_____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room.

(1996) A. There was B. Since

C. Being

D. There being D.C中的现在分词短语的逻辑主语不是主句的主语。

The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _____ the most important of these.

(1994) A. have been B. are

C. being

D. are being C.ABD都会使后半部分构成完整的句子，但句中用的是逗号，不能是完整句子。

Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop.

(2003) A. is

B. been

C. be

D. being D，同上。“农业是这个国家的主要财源，目前小麦是谷物中产量最大的。”

If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.

(2004) A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated B，If (Jack is) not treated„“如果没有受到他觉得应得的尊敬，杰克的脾气就会变得很坏，并且不停地抱怨。”

Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.

(2003) A. permit

B. permitting

C. permitted

D. permits B，“时间允许的话，庆祝活动将按计划进行”。time和permit是主动关系。虚拟语气

_____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

(2002) A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not

D. Were it not A，前半句是与过去事实相反的推测。If it had not been „倒装

If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to write letters in English.

(1999) A. should be

B. were

C. must be

D. are B，it’s about time that sb. did sth. _____, I’ll marry him all the same.

(2004) A. Was he rich or poor

B. Whether rich or poor C. were he rich or poor

D. Be he rich or poor D=whether he is rich or poor If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (98) A. shall need

B. should need

C. would need D. will need B，与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，“如果你的车在一年内有任何问题，可送到获得授权的经销商那儿去” It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time.

(2004) A. hand in

B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in A，学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。

If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.

(2005) A. would be

B. will have been

C. was

D. were A，if从句是对现在情况的假设。情态动词

You ______ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.

(2004) A. needn’t have told B. needn’t tell C. mustn’t have told D. mustn’t tell A，needn’t have done表示本不必做而做了。没有mustn’t have done的形式，但可以说can’t have done，表示不大可能。

He ______ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.

(1994) A. couldn’t have caught

B. ought to have caught C. shouldn’t have caught

D. must not have caught A，couldn’t have done表示不可能做了某事。

He _____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.

(1999) A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act A，may have done表示过去可能做过某事，B表示一定做过，推测的可能性很大。时态

How can I ever concentrate if you _____ continually ____ me with silly questions?

(97) A. have … interrupted

B. had … interrupted

C. are … interrupting

D. were … interrupting

C，现在进行时与always, continually, constantly连用表示某种带有感情色彩，经常发生的动作。本句暗含责备之义。

Come and see me whenever ______.

(97) A. you are convenient

B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you

D. it will be convenient to you C，whenvever引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来;convenient一词只能说it is convenient to sb. For some time now, world leaders __ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. (02) A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed B，现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始延续到现在，并可能继续。

Jack _____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (03) A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed A，同上。“杰克离家两天(到现在还没回)，我开始担心他的安全。” _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.

(05) A. I was and always will be

B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be

D. I have been and always will be D， ABC三项前后两个时态不一致，只有D项中现在完成时与将来时搭配一致。倒装

So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.

(94) A. did he injure B. injured him C. was he injured D. he was injured C，倒装，将助动词提到主语前，被动。 He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.

(95) A. or the police have placed

B. or have the police placed C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placed D，AB中的or表示“否则”，与题意不符;nor放在句首要倒装。

___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in this region.

(04) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would A，only if表示“只有。。。才”，放在句首，句子要倒装;“只有双方都接受和约，永久的和平才有可能建立起来”。if only表示“要是。。。多好” 反意疑问句

A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____?

(92) A. need it

B. needn’t it

C. does it

D. doesn’t it C，need是实义动词不是情态动词，hardly是否定副词，因此前面的分句是否定句。 You and I could hardly understand, ______?

(95) A. could I

B. couldn’t you

C. couldn’t we

D. could we D，hardly的解释同上。

When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___? (97) A. do you

B. will you C. don’t you

D. won’t you B，前面句子是第二人称祈使句时，后面要用will (would) you或won’t you; 本题中，前面的句子是否定句，因此后面用肯定的。 Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you?