叹岁月流逝太快，转眼间便到了年底，一年的辛苦工作中，我们留下了太多的难忘时刻，也在不断的工作积累中，成长为更好的自己。为了记录这一年的工作成长，我们需要写一份总结，以下是小编收集整理的《英美文学选读考点总结》相关资料，欢迎阅读！
第一篇：英美文学选读考点总结
英美文学选读总结
英国文学选读
乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)坎特伯雷故事集 The Canterbury Tales 英雄双韵体(压头韵，每两行押韵)
逼真的描述了当时英国社会的全貌，作品中的人物几乎包括了当时英国社会的各阶层人士，展现出一幅富有生活气息和时代特征的画卷。作品内容反映了当时英国新型的市民阶层的生活理想和追求，同时以幽默和讽刺笔法揭示了种种人性，揭露了宗教的腐朽堕落、贵族的奢侈糜烂等当时社会中的丑陋现象，表达了英国人民对中世纪的封建思想和习俗的反叛，洋溢着人文主义精神的光辉。 意义：规范了中古英语。
威廉 莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)历史剧：亨利四世(Henry IV) 十四行诗(sonnet)
威廉 布莱克(William Blake)代表作：天真之歌(Songs of Innocence)经验之歌(Songs of Experience)
威廉 华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)
在是个创作上摒弃了18世纪诗歌风格上的因袭和滥调，采用民间朴素、生动的语言来直接表达感情。他特别擅长歌颂优雅恬静的自然景物，喜爱描绘在大自然中活动的普通人形象。他的诗歌格调清新、形象生动、语言质朴，对英国试探的变革产生了深远的影响，享有“自然诗人”的美誉。
波西 比希 雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)解放的普罗米修斯(Prometheus
4. 5.
The publication of Lyrical ballads marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement of England.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Mark Twain’s masterpieces. Twain’s novels are written in a language described as “colloquial speech”
6. Ezra Pound is famous for his development of imagism. The image presented “an intellectual and emotional” complex in an instant of time
7. 8. 9.
Toni Morrison’s novel Beloves became a Critical success. Eimly Bronte wrote only one novel entitled Wuthering Heights The first settlers who became the founding father of the American nation were quite a few of the Puritans, who wished to purify religious beliefs and practices.
10. The theme of Pride and Prejudice are love and marriage. Naturallism:
An extreme form of realism. Naturalistic writer usually depict the sordid side of life and show characters who are severely, if not hopelessly, limited by their environment or heredity. Imagism:
It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S flourished form 1909 to 1917. The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing ”and the economy of wording .The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell. Iceberg Theory
It is a term used to describe the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. The meaning of a pieces is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. 英国文学选读第14页的诗： 回答下列问题：
The poem is a Sonnetwritten by William Shakespearewith a rhyming pattern of _ababcdcdefefgg_
Which is the poet’s answer to the question in the first line of the poem? Explain you points in Complete sentences with reference to the poem?
Why did the poet say that “thy eternal” summer shall not fade”? Explain your points in complete sentences with reference to poem.
以下题目三选一 1. 2. 3.
Analysis symbolism in Moby Dick?
Explain the theme and symbols in The Great Gatsby?
What are Edgar Allan Poe’s principles for the short story? Demonstrate the principles with the detail from his short story The
Unbound)西风颂(“Ods to the West Wind”)
西风颂中流传最远的句子是：If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind? 约翰 济慈(John Keats)希腊古瓮颂(”Ods on a Grecian Urn”) 希腊古瓮颂流传最远的句子：Beauty is truth，truth is beatuty，-that is all 查尔斯 狄更斯(Clarles Dickens)
作品有：匹克威克外传The Posthumous Papers of Pickwick Club 雾都孤儿 Oliver Twist 老古玩店The Old Curiosity Shop 董贝父子Dombey and
Son 大卫科波菲尔 David Copperfield 荒凉山庄 Bleak House 双城记 A Tale of Two Cities 远大前程 Great Expectations 以及hardtime。 托马斯 哈代(Thomas Hardly)德伯家的苔丝Tess of the D’Urbervilles 无名的裘德Jude the Odscure
奥斯卡 王尔德(Oscar Wilde)认真的重要性(The Important of Being
Earnest)
乔治 萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)皮革马利翁Pygmalion 约瑟夫 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)黑暗的心Heart of Darkness T.S.艾略特(T.S.Eliot)荒原The Waste Land
威廉 巴特勒 叶芝(William Butler Yeats)塔 The Tower
詹姆斯 乔伊斯(James Joyce)都柏林人Dubliners里面的Araby尤利西斯
Ulysses
弗吉妮娅 伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)达罗卫夫人Mrs. Dalloway D.H劳伦斯(D.H.Lawrence)儿子与情人Sons and Lovers E.M.福斯特(E.M.Foster)印度之行 A Passage to India 美国文学选读
本杰明 富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)自传The Autobiography 拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)超验主义哲学的主要倡导者(Transcendentallism)
纳撒尼尔 霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)红字The Scarlet Letter 赫尔曼 梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)白鲸(Moby Dick)
白鲸中出现的人物:船长(ISHMAEL)白鲸(Moby Dick)生还者(Ahab) 沃尔特 惠特曼(Walt Whitman)草叶集 Leaves of Grass 埃米莉 狄金森(Emily Dickinson)女诗人 female poet
马克 吐温(Mark Twain)哈克贝利费恩历险记 The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn
斯蒂芬 克莱恩(Stephen Crane)海上扁舟The open Boat自然主义 弗斯科特菲茨杰拉德(F.Scott Fitzgerald)了不起的盖茨比The Great
Gatsby
尤金 格拉斯通 奥尼尔(Eugene Glastone O’Neill)榆树下的欲望Desire
Cask of Amontillado?
Under the Elms
托尼 莫里森(Toni Morrison)所罗门之歌Songs of Solomon 宠儿Beloved 1. 2. 3.
Bewolf fought against the Grendel and dragon The form of Medieval English literature is romanceGeoffrey Chaucer ,the father of English poetry
第二篇：湖北自考《英美文学选读》重点总结
上古及中世纪英国文学Old and Medieval English literature上古： 450 to 1066中世纪;1066-14世纪中叶 Celts
Old English poetry: the religious group and the secular oneChaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse.
The father of English poetryEnglish Homer In the medieval period ：use narrative verse of prose to tell stories of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.
第一章 文艺复兴时期
the Renaissance Period th 14th and mid-17Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Golden Age It started in Italy
Henry VIIIDefender of the Faith Bible in Englishancient Roman and Greekcultureclass strugglePetrarch
Christopher Marlowe ,William Shakespeare and 3威廉 莎士比亚William Shakespeare 1564-1616
Playwrights, dramatist,poets
1591-1611was in the prime of his dramatic career.
38plays 戏剧154sonnets 十四行诗2 long poems叙事诗 Stratford-on-Avon
”“an upstart crow”
:meditationeternal beautyorigin:Italy
“to be,or not to be-that is the question”
against Christians /Jews.
Two narrative poems
Juliet>
Six comedies: like it>
Romantic tragicomedies:<[eroc;es> Juliet> tragedy but optimistic 乐观spirit.
1 a play in the play
2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient myth.
3 several threads running through the play
4 combination of tragic and comic elements. Writing style: 1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(alliterateion头韵，simile明喻，metaphor暗喻) 3 use poetry in his play The theme of the sonnet:
1 express love and praise to a young man
2 immortalize beauty through verses 3friendship or betrayal of friendship
6约翰 弥尔顿John Milton 1608-1674
family天主教Latin blind.
失乐园 masterpiece. a story taken from “the old Testament” ,a long epic divided into 12 books ,taken from the Bible.the theme is “fall of man”
The main idea:to beg for mercy and worship his power were more shamefull and disgracefull than this downfall.
the most powerfull dramatic poem on the Greek model.
Three group:Athe early poetic worksBthe middle prose pamphlets
Cthe last great poems
The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton‟s creed.
第二章 新古典主义时期
the Neoclassical Period
1660-1798(18th century)
人社会动物industrial revolution 工业革命the RestorationGothic Novel:
1 content: magic, supernaturall elements, ghosts, monsters.
2setting: old castle, graveyard, dard forest
3atomsphere:horrible
The enlightenment movement(the age of reason )：启蒙运动
It was a progressive intellectuall 进步知道份子movement which flourished nd swept western Europe at the time. Its enlighten the whole world with the light of modern 哲学和艺术思想The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science,理性平等科学 and they also advocated universal 民普及教育
1约翰 班杨John Bunyan 1628-1688 18年坐牢，Christianity基督教
”the vanity fair”is the most successful religious allegory 宗教寓言in the English language.
search for spiritual salvation
Style: Moded after the Bible, language:e asy to read,colloquial, concrete and conciseform: allegorian form,reallystic,true to life.
3丹尼尔 笛福Daniel defoe 1660-1731
butcher‟s family 卖肉家庭English middle –class
masterpiece, Robinson is the empire builder,the pioneer colonist. The theme:
A man‟s strugglees against nature
B glorifyication of the bourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardship and determineation to improve his livelihood.
C glorifyication of labor(Robinson lives on his own hands)
笛福的创作特点：Defoe was a very good story-teller.he had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible可信 and fascinating神奇 .his sentences are sometimes short,crisp 短小干脆and plain,and sometimes long and rambling,which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration.his language is smooth,easy,colloquial口语 and mostly vernacular方言.there is nothing artificeial in his language: it is common English at its best.
4乔纳森 斯威夫特Jonathan Swift 1667-1745
the greatest satiric work
a greatest and bitterest satire.
Lilliputyahoosbitter satire
5亨利 菲尔丁Henry Fielding 1707-1754
Born of an old aristocratic family. 老贵族家庭“father of the English
“the third-person narration”第三人称叙述
“prose homer”散文荷马”
comic epic in prose”散文体喜剧史诗: 1 the descryiption in a grand style of classic epic.”classic epic”has:
A a great heroBcalls on MusesC give a list of names of godsD
compare small fights to great wars. 2 use verifyied language to narrate a small fight
3 different figure of speech .esp,irony讽刺,hyperbole夸张
费尔丁的语言特色：Fielding‟s language is easy, unlaboured and familiar,自然流畅通俗易懂but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic逻辑性 and rhythm,韵律性and his structure carefully planed towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively,dramatic dialogues 戏剧性对话and other theatrical devices such as suspendse,悬念coincidence巧合 and unexpectedness.出人意料
第三章 浪漫主义时期the
Romantic Period is an age of poetry.1798-1832
人的孤单状态
Passive , old and conservative :
“lake poets”William Words worthRobert Southey Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Active ,young and revolutionary: ByronShellyKeats
1威廉 布莱克William Blake 1757-1827
候看见过天使，他父亲死后他弟弟也死了，神秘主义。 An engraver 雕刻家
“fearful symmetry”可怕的匀称suggest the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation.
Childhood is central to Blake‟s concern in and The chimney sweeper.
《天堂与地狱的结合》marks his entry into maturity.成熟
2威廉 华兹华斯William Wordsworth1770-1850 Poet Laureate“桂冠诗人”，lake poets湖畔诗人，“大自然的膜拜者”Poet Laureate特点：孤独 自由 自然 His short poems „Subject:poems about nature 自然and poems about human life.人类生活
<我如行云独自游> simile明喻“inward eye”means human soul
The poet expresses his love for the daffodils.水仙花
<威斯敏斯特桥上有感>
<她住在人迹罕至的小路间》 <孤单的收割者>
5波 比 雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792-1822
与拜伦相比更进步一点，政治，经济的不公平，重视集体力量。自由。
西风颂
Shelly eulogyized the powerful west wing and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.
four-act poetic
7简 奥斯汀Jane Austen1775-1817 匿名发表anonymously
The major theme:Love and marriageconcern about human their personal relationships. 个人生活及人从她往下是写小说的，上面的是写诗的
处女作《理智与情感》
傲慢与偏见 =第一印象 ：Elizabeth 伊丽莎白
Darcy 达西Mrs.Bennet is a beautiful but empty-headed,snobbish势
力 and vulgar粗俗 woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich,handsome young men.
伊莉莎白的性格： A：Elizabeth is clever , alert, observant. She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizeing the characters of Bingley‟s sisters. She recognizes Mr.Collins‟character in his letter and after meeting him turns down firmly and with dignity his patronizing proposal. She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam,earning their respect and admiration.
B:Fearless and frank ,not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh ,she wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed. She is independent but not infallible in her judgment—taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham. She cannot be blamed for misjudgeing Darcy. C: She shows flexibility, discernment,and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy‟s defense in his letter and admits the justice of much of what h says. Thus beginning to lose her prejudice against him.
《爱玛》
第四章 维多利亚时期the
Victorian Period 1836-1901现实主义realistic 工业革命
Chartist movement (1836-1848)宪章运动
“art for art‟s sake‟
Victorian literaturediversity.文学多样化
Darwin‟s
1查尔斯 狄更斯Charles Dickens 批判现实主义作家he is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age.
作品特点：he is a master withhis characterized by a mingling of humor and p吸引读者，悲情大师，幽默与哀伤交汇
Child characters :oliver twist奥利弗，特维斯物,little nell小奈尔,david copperfield大卫科波菲尔,little dorrit小多利特.
雾都孤儿
“let it not be supposed by the enemies of „the system‟ that during the period of his solitary incarcerateon. Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the adventages of religious consolation.”
A:The sentence is a typical,example of irony.反语 What Dickens intends to say is just the opposite of the sentence‟s literal meaning.
B:for the “benefit” of exercise, Oliver was whipped鞭打 every morning in a stone yard, for the “pleasure"of society, he was carried every other day into the dining hall and flogged 鞭打as a public warning and example to the boys; and as for the “adventages”of religious consolation安慰, he was kicked into the same apartment every evening at prayer time and listened to the boy‟s prayer to be guarded against his sins and vices.罪恶行为
C:the ironic statement is ,in fact, a bitter denunciation 谴责and fierce attack at the brutal,inhuman treatment of the poor orphan孤儿by the workhouse济贫院 authority.权力
《老古玩店》 《皮克威克外传》 <>《大卫科波菲尔》
《董贝父子》 《双城记》 《荒凉山庄》 《小多利特》 《艰难时世》
《远大前程》 《我们共同的朋友》
2布朗蒂姐妹the Bronte sisters Charlotte bronte 1816-1855
《简爱》家庭教师governess heroine，represents middle-class working women.Mr.Rochester
简爱的性格特点：Jane Eyre is quick will,honesty, frankness,and shi has the spirit of independence and self-dignity. 《教授 》
Emilybronte:poet,193poems.呼啸山庄
Catherine凯瑟琳,Hindley辛德利,Edgar,Isabella,Heathcliff希斯克利夫 protagonist:Prufrock is neurotic神经
质,self-important,自以为是illogical不讲逻辑 and incapable of action.优柔寡断 The setting”polite society”彬的社会anti-romantic反浪漫主义
《荒原》433行5部分,spiritual breakup
《星期三的烟灰》 《四个四重奏》 Dramatists Prose writer:
“stream-of-consciousness’
5戴维 伯特 劳伦斯 David Herbert Lawrence 1885-1930
普通矿工家庭，作品被禁读，小说家，美国独立战争，Civil War 内战 鼓点
涉水的骑兵，a scene of the American civil war,美国内战景象the picture are frozen凝固,they come out of the watcher’s imagination.出于观察者的想像。 自我之歌 =”poem of walt Whitman,an American”=”walt Whitman”
Two beliefs:the theory of universality普遍性信仰and the belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value.个别性和平等性
Language characteristic:
use oral English口语,vocabulary is amazing词汇惊人,rarely-use words罕见词, foreign origin words外国第一个按国际标准考虑自己职业的美国作家。
1915年入英国籍，羡慕欧洲文明。 Henry james concerned with the”inner world”of man.
He is also concerned with the International terms 国际方面
His language is simple and colloquial.口语
三个时期：
1早期in the first period 1865-1882international theme
《美国人》 《黛西 米勒》中篇 the free spirit of the new world美国精神的代表。温特伯恩说“黛西是我所见到的最漂亮最和蔼„„最天真的姑娘”
Anne Bronte
6托马斯 哈代Thomas hardy
“Wessex”sympatheticnostalgic怀旧fatepessimistsDarwin’s “survival of the fittestconflict with the environment
第五章 现代时期the
modern period19世纪末—20世纪初
Modernism rose out of skepticism怀疑论 and disillusion of capitalism. French symbolsm ,appearing in the late 19 century healed modernism. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted,and ill relationships between man and nature,man and society,man and man,and man and himself.
Modernism is,in many aspects,a reaction against realism.
The 1930s witnessesd great economic depressions,mass unemployment,and was known as “the red thirtyes”
The first “angry young man”:愤怒青年Osborne奥斯伯恩
The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is SamuelBeckett,his first play
He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare. 没有受过高等教育的人反对资本主义剥削，相信共产主义。
He is considered to be the best-known english since Shakespeare. 的
plays 问题剧only one passion: indignation唯一愤怒的情感 卡歇尔 拜伦的职业
《鳏夫的房产》slum贫民窟 landlordism租房制度 the oppression/exploitation剥削压迫 of women.
萧伯纳的作品人物塑造特点：
A:One feature of shaw‟s characterizehe makes the trick of showing up展示 one character vividly at the expense of 贬低损害another.
B:another feature is that Shaw‟s characters are the和角色发生倒转错位is also used in character portrayal to achieve comic effects.
4TS埃略特Thomas Stearns Eliot1888-1965
出生美国，后1927成为英国公民
《JA布鲁富劳克的情歌》
长诗 it presents the meditateion 沉思of an aging young man 上了年纪over the businesss of proposing marriage求婚问题.dramatic monologue, 戏剧独白the
母亲是上流社会 psychological exploration心理透析 Proficient poet 多产诗人
劳伦斯三部曲：”the lawrence trilogy”
1矿工的周五夜晚
2儿媳
3守寡的霍尔罗伊德夫人
儿子与情人autobiographyical novel Mrs.Morel
白孔雀 过客
虹is a story about the three generations of the Brangwen family on the Marsh farm.
恋爱中的女人to be a better-structured/more profoundly ordered novel.
Chatterley’s lover>查泰莱夫人的情人
劳伦斯的诗分三类：
1satirial and comic poems
3poems about nature
mechanical civilizationis responsible for the development of human personalities,the perversion of love and the failure of human fulfillment in marital relationships 劳伦斯艺术特色：
A：Lawrence‟s artistic tendency is mainly realism,which combines dramatic scenes with an authoritative可靠权威 commentary评论
B:his language is simplicity 简单and directness直接
C:Lawrence makes use of poetic imagination and symbolism in his writing.
第二部份 美国文学
第一章 浪漫主义时期 the
romantic period18世纪末到内战爆发前before the American civil war(美国的文艺复兴)
New England Transcendentalism 超验主义
3纳撒尼尔 霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864
怀疑心理，矛盾心理ambivalent writer， 双重,不讲犯罪过程puritan family
Hawthorne‟s intellectuals 知识份子rae usually villains.恶棍
红字heroine:Hester allegorist讽喻家symbolism象征 小伙子布朗 尽人皆知的故事 古屋青苔 雪的形象
有七个尖角阁的房子
玉石雕像
4华尔特 惠特曼walt Whitman 1819-1892
有个向前走的孩子
草叶集 monumental work,歌颂整个美国和自我。American democratic ideals美国民主思想 the Revolutionary War
词 ,wrong words错词,free-flowing ,simple and crude质朴野味,without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.没有固定的节奏和韵律
“free verse”自由体诗， Mark by theUse of poetic”I”诗用第一人称，家常随意不讲究死规矩sexual love topic,性爱作品。
5赫尔曼 麦尔维尔Herman Melville学霍桑 怀疑主义
is regarded as first American prose epic.美国第一部散文体史诗
Moby dick symbolize: 1 mystery of the universe 2power of the great nature 3evil of the world
泰比 奥穆 玛地
雷得本 白外衣 皮埃尔
探索信仰的矛盾
“bartleby,the scrivener”is a short story.短篇
“benito cereno”is a novella.中篇
第二章 现实主义时期the
realistic period 1865-1914
Darwin达尔文 influence on literary naturalism.自然主义
1马克 吐温Mark Twain 笔名 1835-1910
原名：samuel Langhorne Clemens 萨缪尔 朗荷恩 克莱门斯
小说家 儿童 humor诙谐 幽默American folk humor
从乐观主义向悲观主义转变 “damned human race”可恨的人类，language is simple,direct, lucid,and faithful to “vernacular方言土语”local color 乡土气息
H.L Mencken said he is “the true father of our national literature”门肯说他是“我们真正的民族文学之父” 《加拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙第一部幽默小说
《傻瓜出国记》 《含辛如苦》
密西西比河上的生活
《汤姆 索亚历险记》
《哈克贝里。芬》”all modern American literature comes”所有现代美国文学之源
《镀金时代》
《亚瑟王宫庭中的美国佬》 《败坏哈德莱堡的人》 《神秘的陌生人》
2亨利 詹姆斯 Henry jame 1843-1916
The forerunner of the 20th ”els and the, the founder of
《欧洲人》
画像》
different themes and forms in his middle period不同的主题和形式
《波士顿人》 《卡撒玛西玛公主》
《私生活》短篇小说 《狮之死》 《中年》
《螺丝在拧紧》
《丛林猛兽》
3 后期in his last and major period
《梅西所知道的》中短篇
《鸽翼》 《专使》 《金碗》
Literary criticism文学批评：注重形式又注重价值concern with form and devoted to human values.
《小说的艺术》：to aim to present life小说的目的是现实生活
Henry james‟ fiction is characterized by:highly refined 高雅language.
James is not so easy to understand.heis often highly refined and insightfull.with a large vocabulary,he is always accurate in toexpression for his literary imagination. 他的语言不易读懂，高雅而富有见解，词语丰富，措辞准
He also advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him, even the disagreeable异端,the ugly 丑的and the 普通
3艾米利 狄金森Emily Dickinson1830-1886
1755首诗，500多首关于自然的。 诗无题 首名引用，用词简洁，直率，平易，拟人的手法
破折号：韵律节奏 大写：强调
tylove andnature 宗教死亡不朽爱情和自然
这是我给世界的信
死亡的：
如果郎君秋日来
盛夏有一日
不得与君同住
我是妻，那时已做完
4西奥多 德莱塞Theodore Dreiser1871-1945
Naturalist自然主义代表，no money no friendin power,no formal education worthy of mention,on family tradition in letters.只是在创作上更具讽刺意味，更加悲观pessimists Prolific writer多产作家
嘉莉妹妹Hurstwood赫斯伍德物质 性 金钱查尔斯 德鲁埃
“trilogy of Desire‟《欲望》三部曲：
<.the financeier>《金融家》 《巨头》 《斯多葛》
《天才》一个被“误解的艺术家”的故事
《美国悲剧》the greatest work克莱德Clyde‟s tragedy is a tragedy that depends upon the Ameican sociall system which encouraged people to pursue the”dream of success”at all costs.
Naturalism emphasized heredity andas important forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.强调遗传和环境人物在特定条件下的决定性力量。
A welter of inscrutable forces“一团高深莫测的各种力量的纠缠”
To him, life is “so sad,so strange ,so mysterious and so inexplicable”人类是各种力量交织在一起的受害者，这些力量人类是无法控制的。
Darwinist idea of “survival of the fittest”达尔文“适者生存”的思想影响
“kill or to be kill”“要么杀人，要么被杀”
For lack of concision,readers are sometimes burdened with massive detailed descriptions of characters and events,though the time sequence is clear and the plot straightforward,he has been always accused of being awkward in sentence structure,inept and occasionally flatly tion and meaning, and mixed and disorganized in voice and means of communication rather than 繁的描写之累，时间顺序清楚，情节简单，但句子结构不自然，用词不准确，在语态和语气上组织不严密。对他来说，语言只是传达思想，而非艺术形式。
第三章 现代主义时期
1914-1918第一次世界大战
美国现代主义的特点是反传统，求创新。
2罗伯特 弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost1874-1963
获奖最多，诗歌最好， 象征暗喻Pulitzer prize普利策文学奖，4次。serious poet 严肃诗人New England life 新英格兰
对人类生活的爱和地劳动后详和宁静的赞美，创作风格平易自然，但很优雅，诗的语言口语化，节奏上如谈家常，不紧不慢。半自由体或半传统诗体。
一个男孩的愿望，第一本书
波士顿以北人的一本书
新罕普什尔
理性假面具 怜惘假面具
摘苹果后 indifference不在乎在关心 to what he once desired
《未选择的路》meditateive poem 沉思the road symbolize life’s journey
第一次普利策奖雪夜林边停， 第二次诗集西流之溪
第三次《更远的境界》 第四次《证人树》收入《直率的礼物》约翰肯它迪总统就职吟诵
4司各特 菲兹杰拉德Scott Fitzgerald1896-1940
金钱的堕落，早期爵士时代 the Jazz Age，the upper-class young people.
of paradese>第一篇小说《人间天堂》获zelda sayre大奖 美国梦的破裂the bankruptcy of the amerian dream.gatsby is the last of the romantic heros.gatesby‟s failure magnifyies the end of the American dream.the detailed descryiptions of big parties to show emptiness of life.
Fitagerald‟s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the jazz age,especially the upper-class young people. He is a great stylist in literature,he follows the Jamesian tradition in using the scenic method in his chapters, each one of which consists of one or more dramatic scenes,leaving the tedious processs of transition to the readers‟ imagination. Moths are used metaphorically to refer to those people who are drawn to the party simply for its glamour,for the wealth of Galsby.Describe Gatsby „s extravagance.浪费
5欧内斯特 海明威Ernest ( Miller ) Hemingway1899-1961
Nobel Prize 1954年诺贝尔文学奖,出生医生家庭
简洁terseness口语colloquialism 乡土气息简短short清晰明了clearness以少胜多”less is more” “grace under pressure”在生活的重压下保持自尊is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had works.he depicts characters as brave and unjielded heroes.
The Style of colloquyialism口语体,full of acents and mannerisms and the use of short ,simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of clearness.
“则
“the dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.”冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面。Without any authorial comments,without conventionally emotive language,and with a bare minimum of adjectives and adverbs.
What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?
A they have seen the cold world and for one cause or another,the boldly and courageously face the reality;whatever the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. B almost all his heroes are”soldiers”either in a narrow or broad sense.they are out there to fight against nature or the world,or even themselves.but no matter where the battleground is and how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. C Hemingway himself is one of those Code heroes;some critics say his protagonists are autobiographyical,for they share something that is Hemingway.
D the code with the honesty, the discipleine,and the restraint. 在我们的时代
《印地安营地》Nick Adams尼克亚当斯 , the wound is a symbol . 受伤是一种象征Nick’s initiation into the pain and violence of birth and death.接触生和死的痛苦和粗暴it is an outward and visible sign of an inward and spirituall disgrace.受伤是精神世界推动尊严的外部表现。
太阳照样升起 永别了，武器 丧钟为谁敲响
老人与海 masterpiece
没有女人的男人
被击败的人 杀人者
五十个大人物
午后的死亡 美国的青山 开利吉普车扎若之雪
拥有与缺乏
6威廉 福克纳William Faulkner 1897-1962
Set in the American south, his emphasis on the southern subjects 以美国南方为背景，强调南方主题和南方意识。 Nortern Mississippi Yoknapatawpha county.
第一卷诗集 第一部小说 四部小说;
喧嚣与骚动 八月之光
摩西，走下去 《押沙龙，押沙龙》
我弥留之际 疯狂的手掌 小屋 寓言 小镇 大夏
给爱米丽的玫瑰 spinster 老处女is a symbol of the old south.旧南方的象征。Rose as a symbol of love.and also stand for the pity,sympathy.
“an dyesore among eyesores” is means the most unpleasant thing to look at. 1she refuses to accept the passage of time
2she is a prisoner of the past 3she is a symbol of the old south
爱米丽是一个不愿意接受由于时间变迁而一切都改变的古怪的人，她是为过去所束缚的旧南方的象征。 文体特点：his prose,marked by long and embedded sentences, complex syntax,and vague reference pronouns on the one hand and a variety of”Registers”of the English language on the other,is very difficult to read,it is not surpriseing to find in Faulkner’s writings his syntaxctical structures and verbals paralleled,negatives balanced against positives,compounded adjectives swelling his sentences,complex modifying elements placed after the nouns. In contrast,Faulkner could sound very casual or informal sometimes ,he captured the dialects of the Mississippi characters,includeing Negroes and the redneck,as well as more refined and educated narrators like Quentin.As to the symbols and imageries,they are most of them drawn from nature.句子长，用复合句子，指称模糊，用各种语体，读起来难懂，词语排比，肯定否定并用，复合式形容词，长串修饰，方言土语(密西西比河地区)象征源于自然。
William Shakespeare
A summer’s day:here it may refer to a period or the season of summer. Date:the period of a lease.
Untrimmed:striped of gay apparel Ow’st:ownest
Lines:such as the lines of this poem and other sonnets
Answer:have dealings with Qualify:limit Loose:abandon Enow:enough
Of force:of necessity
Offence:condition of being hurt in one’s feelings,displeasure Fretten:disturbed
Abject:wretched miserable Tainted wether:sick sheep Fleet:pass by quickly Ravenous:greedy
Cureless:unableto be cured Hard by:nearby
Difference:focus of the dispute Seasons:moderates Tenour:terms
On you charge:you are responsible for the expenses
What of that:it is not important Use:habit
A love:a bosom friend By:here ,present Scale:balance
At thy peril:at your own risk Rehears’d:referred to Recant:cancel withdraw Meet:appropriate
Slings and arrows:attacks Perchance:maybe
Give us pause:make us hesitate Contumely:contempt Fardels:burdens Grunt:groan Bourn:boundary
Conscience:consciousnesss Pith:significance,importantce
John Milton Study:pursuit
Doubted his empire:was afraid for his sovereignty
Empyreal:heavenly,sublime
Compeer:companyion,equal,peer Of force:perforce,necessaryily Suffice:satisly
In the gloomy deep:in Chaos Afflicted powers:stricken armies
Daniel defoe House-side:wall
Nothing near:in on way,not in the least
Optics:mechanicsms for seeing
In its place:in its proper place,that is,in the following account
Jonathan swift Desire liberty:beg leave or permission
Cut a caper:jump about in a joyfull manner
Summerset:somersault Courser:a swift horse Took:jump over Intelligence:news
The foot:the foot soldier,infantry Man-mountain:Gulliver
Express order:clearly-stated order Allowance:something provided regularly,provision
Henry fielding<>tom jones Occasioned:aroused Repaired to:went to
Missile weapons:things that can be thrown to hit people
Hinder head:back of the head Stour:a river
William blake
from songs of experience
Heath:uncultivated land covered with shrubs
Clothes of death:clothes in dark color
Aspire:have ambition for something Sinews:muscles
Lamb:symbol of peace and purity.
William wordsworth
A crowd/a host,of:a large number of Vacant:empty,thoughtless
Steep:means to bathe or shine on
Dove:the name of a river
Highland:refers to the northern part of Scotland
A melancholy strain:a sad tune Chaunt:chant
lay:a short lyrical poem meant to be sung
Percy bysshe shelley
Clarion:a high,shrill trumpet
Angels of rain and lightening: the clouds
第三篇：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版7
【美国】Chapter 2 The Realistic Period现实主义时期
1. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life.由于对现实生活产生了浓厚的兴趣，产生了新的创作灵感。
2. The three dominant figures of the period are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James.这一时期的三个代表作家是豪威尔斯，亨利.詹姆斯和马克.吐温。
3. In short, they set the example and charted the future course for the subjects, themes, techniques and styles of fiction we still call modern.总之，他们为后来的现实文学在题材，技巧和风格上都树立了典范。
4. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories.豪威尔斯讨论上升的中产阶级及其生活方式，而马克.吐温则喜欢把他自己家乡的人放在故事的最前沿。
5. In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.总之，自然主义产生现实主义，只是在创作上更富讽刺，更加悲观。自然主义只有另一种哲学途径的现实主义。
(I) Mark Twain马克.吐温
6. Mark Twain is considered as “the true father of American national literature.”马克.吐温被认为是“我们真正的民族文学之父”。
7. Two of the best books during this period are The adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The former is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys, while the latter, being a boy’s book specially written for the adults, is Twain’s most representative work, describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by two fugitives, Huck and Jim.这一期间他最伟大的作品是《汤姆.索亚历险记》和《哈克贝里.芬历险记》。前者是就儿童的恐惧和高兴的事儿写的一部儿童经典。而后者虽然是儿童故事，却为大人而写。这是马克.吐温最有代表性的小说，描写两个流浪儿童哈克和吉姆沿密西西比河而下历险的旅程。
8. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and, especially, its sequence Adventures of Huckleberry Finn proved themselves to be the mile stone in American literature. 《汤姆.索亚历险记》，尤其是《哈克贝里.芬历险记》是美国文学的里程碑。
9. The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of life in the pre-Civil War Mississippi valley and it has moved millions of people of different ages and conditions all over the world; and the books are noted for their unpretentious, colloquial yet poetic style, their wide-ranging humor, and their universally shared dream of perfect innocence and freedom. 汤姆.索亚和哈克.芬在密西西比河上度过的童年是内战前该条河谷生活方式的实录，感动了数以万计的各种年龄的人。书中的率直，口语化而又不失诗意的语言风格，广泛的幽默，天真和自由的梦想都是令人难忘的。
10. Hemingway once described the novel the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.” The profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature. 《哈克贝里.芬历险记》----海明威曾把该书看作是”所有现代美国文学之源”.。哈克贝里的深刻形象是该书给美国文学做出的又一贡献。
11. The climax arises with Huck’s inner struggle on the Mississippi, when Huck is polarized by the two opposing and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escapes哈克在密西西比河的内心争斗室小说的高潮。哈克在理想与现实，对吉姆的感情与社会反对奴隶逃跑的法律之间被抛到了巅峰。
12. Huck’s final decision--- to follow his own good-hearted moral impulse rather than conventional village morality.哈克最后决定：遵循自己内心的良知，而非世俗的道德。
13. Twain is also known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on.马克.吐温善于描绘地方风物，包括地方任务，风光，风俗，方言和服饰等等。
14. Another fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simple, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken language.马克.吐温独特的另一个方面是他乡土气息的语言风格。他的用词口语化，具体可感，直率有力。句子结构简单，不合语法。
15. Mark Twain’s humor is remarkable.马克.吐温的幽默是突出的。
16. Twain’s works, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc., and some of them are actually tall tales.他的作品生动有趣，充盈着实用的笑话，喜剧情节，智慧的语言以及动听的故事。
17. His humor is a kind of artistic style used to criticize the social injustice and satirize the decayed romanticism.他的幽默是对社会不公正和沦丧的浪漫主义的讽刺和批判。
18. Adventures of Huckleberry: “Huck”, a typical American can Boy whom its creator described as a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. 《哈克贝里.芬历险记》---该小说最精彩的形象是哈克，他是被作者称为一个“有正常心理和畸形良知”的美国男孩。通过天真又叛逆的哈克的眼睛，我们看到内战的美国社会的真正面目，同时，通过马克.吐温对比性的描写，我们还看到了率真与世故，自然与文化，野蛮与文明的对立。
(II) Henry James亨利.詹姆斯
19. While Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, Henry James was an admirer of ancient European civilization.马克.吐温和豪威尔斯不时的讽刺欧洲传统，而詹姆斯却羡慕欧洲文明。
20. In the first period of his, James took great interest in international themes. James treated with great care the clashes between two different cultures and the emotional and moral problems of Americans in Europe, or Europeans in America. The works include “The American”, “Daisy miller”, “The Europeans”, “The Portrait of Lady”.在詹姆斯的早期作品中，他对国际主题很感兴趣。这一时期几乎他的每一部小说都有关欧美在文化，情感和道德方面的冲突，每篇作品都处理了重要的问题。著作有《美国人》，《黛西.米勒》，《欧洲人》，《贵妇人的画像》。
21. In his middle period, the works contain “The Bostonians”, “The Princess Casamassima”, and so on.中期创作包括《波士顿人》，《卡撒玛西玛公主》等等。
22. In his last and major period, James returned to his “international theme”.后期他又回到了“国际主题”。
23. These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cultures with two different groups of people representing two different value systems.(国际主题的小说)这些小说以国际，主要是欧美为大背景，集中表现两种人群的两种价值观在两种文化制度中的冲突。
24. The theme of his essay “The Art of Fiction” clearly indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life.《小说的艺术》一文明确指出，小说的目的是现实生活。
25. The artist should be able to “feel” the life, to understand human nature, and then to record them in his own art form.艺术家应能够“感受”生活，理解人性，然后忠实地将这些录入作品。
26. James’s realism is characterized by his psychological approach to his subject matter.詹姆斯的现实主义还具有分析方法的倾向。
27. One of James’s literary techniques innovated to cater for this psychological emphasis is his narrative “point of view”.詹姆斯文学创作技巧的一个方面就是强调这种心理分析，以叙述着的视角为线索。
28. As to his language, James is not so easy to understand. He is often highly refined and insightful.詹姆斯的文学语言不易读懂。
29. “Daisy Miller”: Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World.《黛西.米勒》---黛西.米勒从此成为在欧洲的美国姑娘的形象，是美国精神的代表。
(III). Emily Dickinson艾米莉.狄金森
30. Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experience, her sorrows and joys.狄金森的诗都是根据自己的经历和悲欢而创作的。
31. Within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature. In some of her poems she wrote about her double and belief about religious subjects. 在她的短篇抒情诗里所涉及到的问题却是有关人类的，包括宗教，死亡，不朽，爱情和自然。她的一些诗还怀疑宗教信仰。
32. Although she believed in God, she sometimes doubted His benevolence. Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning death and immortality, ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death.虽然她相信上帝但有时却怀疑它的善。狄金森与宗教有关的诗是关于死亡和不朽，包括身体，心理和情感三个方面。
33. One group of her love poems are clearly the reflection of her own unhappy experience.她的一组爱情诗明确地反映了她自己不幸的经历。
34. More than five hundred poems Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general skepticism about the relationship between man and nature is well-expressed.狄金森有500多首诗是关于自然的，诗中表达了作者对人与自然关系得怀疑。
35. her acute observations, her concern for precise details and her interest in nature are pervasive.她对自然的观察敏锐，描写细致，兴趣丰饶。
36. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern. eg. Capital letters as a means of emphasis. The form of her poetry is more or less like that of the hymns in community churches, familiar, communal, and sometimes, irregular.她的诗大多无题，常以首句引用，诗中节奏特别，例如用大写表示强调。她的诗形式上多少有点像教堂的圣歌，不讲规则，为人喜闻乐见。
37. Her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. 她用词简洁，直率，平易。
38. Dickinson’s poetry, despite its ostensible formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness.狄金森的诗虽然表面浅显，但内容多样化，微妙而又深刻。
(IV) Theodore Dreiser西奥多.德莱塞
39. In 1911, Jennie Gerhardt came out, followed by two volumes of his “Trilogy of Desire”, The Financier and The Titan, the third, The Stoic, being published posthumously in 1947.1911年，Jennie Gerhardt出版，随后他的《欲望》三部曲头两部《金融家》，《巨头》相继出版，第三部《斯多葛》是死后出版。
40. In his words, man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control”.用他的话来说，人类是“各种力量交织在一起得受害者，这些力量人类是无法控制的”。
41. From the first novel Sister Carrie on, Dreiser set himself to project the American values for what he had found them to be ---materialistic to the core.在第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》出版过后，德莱塞一直把美国的价值观推向彻底的物质享受主义。
42. For lack of concision, his writings appear more inclusive and less selective, and the readers are sometimes burdened with massive detailed descriptions of characters and events.由于不够简洁，他的作品包容有余，选择不足。读者深受他冗繁的描写之累。
43. His style is not polished but very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sough.他的写作风格虽显粗糙，但内容严肃，与表现主题十分相符。
第四篇：英美文学选读Araby分析
Analysis
In “Araby,” the allure of new love and distant places mingles with the familiarity of everyday drudgery, with frustrating consequences. Mangan’s sister embodies this mingling, since she is part of the familiar surroundings of the narrator’s street as well as the exotic promise of the bazaar. She is a “brown figure” who both reflects the brown façades of the buildings that line the street and evokes the skin color of
romanticized images of Arabia that flood the narrator’s head. Like the bazaar that offers experiences that differ from everyday Dublin, Mangan’s sister intoxicates the narrator with new feelings of joy and elation. His love for her, however, must compete with the dullness of schoolwork, his uncle’s lateness, and the Dublin trains. Though he promises Mangan’s sister that he will go to Araby and purchase a gift for her, these mundane realities undermine his plans and ultimately thwart his desires. The narrator arrives at the bazaar only to encounter flowered teacups and English accents, not the freedom of the enchanting East. As the bazaar closes down, he realizes that Mangan’s sister will fail his expectations as well, and that his desire for her is actually only a vain wish for change.
The narrator’s change of heart concludes the story on a moment of epiphany, but not a positive one. Instead of reaffirming his love or realizing that he does not need gifts to express his feelings for Mangan’s sister, the narrator simply gives up. He seems to interpret his arrival at the bazaar as it fades into
darkness as a sign that his relationship with Mangan’s sister will also remain just a wishful idea and that his infatuation was as misguided as his fantasies about the bazaar. What might have been a story of happy, youthful love becomes a tragic story of defeat. Much like the disturbing, unfulfilling adventure in “An Encounter,” the narrator’s failure at the bazaar suggests that fulfillment and contentedness remain foreign to Dubliners, even in the most unusual events of the city like an annual bazaar.
The tedious events that delay the narrator’s trip indicate that no room exists for love in the daily lives of Dubliners, and the absence of love renders the characters in the story almost anonymous. Though the narrator might imagine himself to be carrying thoughts of Mangan’s sister through his day as a priest would carry a Eucharistic chalice to an altar, the minutes tick away through school, dinner, and his uncle’s boring poetic recitation. Time does not adhere to the narrator’s visions of his relationship. The story presents this frustration as universal: the narrator is nameless, the girl is always “Mangan’s sister” as though she is any girl next door, and the story closes with the narrator imagining himself as a creature. In “Araby,” Joyce suggests that all people experience frustrated desire for love and new experiences.
第五篇：英美文学及选读二作业
班级：英本一班姓名：陈改英学号：14001094031成绩
Analysis of Rip Van Winkle
Rip Van Winkle tells a story about a kindhearted farmer Rip Van Winkle who helped a stranger distribute wine on a mountain slope. He drank a little and soon fall asleep, when he woke and went back to the village, it was 20 years later .Everything had changed. The most important change was the war of independence had been won and the portrait of King George of Britain was replaced by American President of George Washington.
Theme of the Rip Van Winkle
The main theme is the revolution .Rip here is used as a metaphor, In America, the group of letters always appears in funerals, means “rest in peace”, which is short for rip. As to the war, revolution, death and politic, Rip is just rest in peace for 20 years. At the same time , we know that the author was born just the year when England officially recognized the new nation, and the victory of the war and American Independence brought American people a new freedom .And yet, this hard-wonFreedom become a new anxiety gradually , for it was hard for the first generation of American to find their own identity , they were lost, uncertain of what to do with the freedom .
There is strong resemblance between Rip Van Winkle and the American people. Dame Van Winkle and the English Government.. Before the revolution , Rip was a meek man who would rather die on a penny than work for a pound ,because he refuse to do any kind of profitable labor .he couldn’t live in peace for the existence of his wife ,she would taught him lessons in every possible. The American people were also trying to live a peaceful life, and the rule of the British government made it impossible.The Americans suffered the oppression for a long time. After the war, Rip returned to his village only to find great changes in the small village. Which is sample of the change of America, No one recognized him, people talked about hot issues, he had no interest in. Dame Van Winkle was gone and he was free now. However he had no idea what he should do .The past had past forever ,despotism was gone , No one was going to tell Rip what he should do .No one was going to force him to do anything . The American people is free to choose now , but they had no idea of what to chose , they were led into a new kind of life to which they strangers ,they were groping in the dark for the way ahead.
From this it revels the conservative attitude towards revolution .but it doesn’t mean the attitude against the revolution but his bewilderment after the revolution..
Characters of Rip Van Winkle
The characters of the hero in the story Rip Van Winkle is a good natured Dutch American farmer and a hen-pecked husband , he is glad to help others , so he is a great favorite among all good wives of the village , let alone the children . but the misablething is that he failed to managed his own farm , not because he was busy , but because he didn’t like all kinds of profitable labor . the character of Rip is flexible .enough to turn his misfortune into an advantage . on one hand , he escapes 20 years of scolding by sleeping in the mountain ;on the other hand , he makes great success as a man neither –minds his own business or maintain his reputation as a hard a worker