过英美文学选读范文

第一篇：过英美文学选读范文

英美文学选读总结

英国文学选读

乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)坎特伯雷故事集 The Canterbury Tales 英雄双韵体(压头韵，每两行押韵)

逼真的描述了当时英国社会的全貌，作品中的人物几乎包括了当时英国社会的各阶层人士，展现出一幅富有生活气息和时代特征的画卷。作品内容反映了当时英国新型的市民阶层的生活理想和追求，同时以幽默和讽刺笔法揭示了种种人性，揭露了宗教的腐朽堕落、贵族的奢侈糜烂等当时社会中的丑陋现象，表达了英国人民对中世纪的封建思想和习俗的反叛，洋溢着人文主义精神的光辉。 意义：规范了中古英语。

威廉 莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)历史剧：亨利四世(Henry IV) 十四行诗(sonnet)

威廉 布莱克(William Blake)代表作：天真之歌(Songs of Innocence)经验之歌(Songs of Experience)

威廉 华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)

在是个创作上摒弃了18世纪诗歌风格上的因袭和滥调，采用民间朴素、生动的语言来直接表达感情。他特别擅长歌颂优雅恬静的自然景物，喜爱描绘在大自然中活动的普通人形象。他的诗歌格调清新、形象生动、语言质朴，对英国试探的变革产生了深远的影响，享有“自然诗人”的美誉。

波西 比希 雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)解放的普罗米修斯(Prometheus

4. 5.

The publication of Lyrical ballads marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement of England.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Mark Twain’s masterpieces. Twain’s novels are written in a language described as “colloquial speech”

6. Ezra Pound is famous for his development of imagism. The image presented “an intellectual and emotional” complex in an instant of time

7. 8. 9.

Toni Morrison’s novel Beloves became a Critical success. Eimly Bronte wrote only one novel entitled Wuthering Heights The first settlers who became the founding father of the American nation were quite a few of the Puritans, who wished to purify religious beliefs and practices.

10. The theme of Pride and Prejudice are love and marriage. Naturallism:

An extreme form of realism. Naturalistic writer usually depict the sordid side of life and show characters who are severely, if not hopelessly, limited by their environment or heredity. Imagism:

It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S flourished form 1909 to 1917. The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing ”and the economy of wording .The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell. Iceberg Theory

It is a term used to describe the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. The meaning of a pieces is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. 英国文学选读第14页的诗： 回答下列问题：

The poem is a Sonnetwritten by William Shakespearewith a rhyming pattern of _ababcdcdefefgg_

Which is the poet’s answer to the question in the first line of the poem? Explain you points in Complete sentences with reference to the poem?

Why did the poet say that “thy eternal” summer shall not fade”? Explain your points in complete sentences with reference to poem.

以下题目三选一 1. 2. 3.

Analysis symbolism in Moby Dick?

Explain the theme and symbols in The Great Gatsby?

What are Edgar Allan Poe’s principles for the short story? Demonstrate the principles with the detail from his short story The

Unbound)西风颂(“Ods to the West Wind”)

西风颂中流传最远的句子是：If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind? 约翰 济慈(John Keats)希腊古瓮颂(”Ods on a Grecian Urn”) 希腊古瓮颂流传最远的句子：Beauty is truth，truth is beatuty，-that is all 查尔斯 狄更斯(Clarles Dickens)

作品有：匹克威克外传The Posthumous Papers of Pickwick Club 雾都孤儿 Oliver Twist 老古玩店The Old Curiosity Shop 董贝父子Dombey and

Son 大卫科波菲尔 David Copperfield 荒凉山庄 Bleak House 双城记 A Tale of Two Cities 远大前程 Great Expectations 以及hardtime。 托马斯 哈代(Thomas Hardly)德伯家的苔丝Tess of the D’Urbervilles 无名的裘德Jude the Odscure

奥斯卡 王尔德(Oscar Wilde)认真的重要性(The Important of Being

Earnest)

乔治 萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)皮革马利翁Pygmalion 约瑟夫 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)黑暗的心Heart of Darkness T.S.艾略特(T.S.Eliot)荒原The Waste Land

威廉 巴特勒 叶芝(William Butler Yeats)塔 The Tower

詹姆斯 乔伊斯(James Joyce)都柏林人Dubliners里面的Araby尤利西斯

Ulysses

弗吉妮娅 伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)达罗卫夫人Mrs. Dalloway D.H劳伦斯(D.H.Lawrence)儿子与情人Sons and Lovers E.M.福斯特(E.M.Foster)印度之行 A Passage to India 美国文学选读

本杰明 富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)自传The Autobiography 拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)超验主义哲学的主要倡导者(Transcendentallism)

纳撒尼尔 霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)红字The Scarlet Letter 赫尔曼 梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)白鲸(Moby Dick)

白鲸中出现的人物:船长(ISHMAEL)白鲸(Moby Dick)生还者(Ahab) 沃尔特 惠特曼(Walt Whitman)草叶集 Leaves of Grass 埃米莉 狄金森(Emily Dickinson)女诗人 female poet

马克 吐温(Mark Twain)哈克贝利费恩历险记 The Adventures of

Huckleberry Finn

斯蒂芬 克莱恩(Stephen Crane)海上扁舟The open Boat自然主义 弗斯科特菲茨杰拉德(F.Scott Fitzgerald)了不起的盖茨比The Great

Gatsby

尤金 格拉斯通 奥尼尔(Eugene Glastone O’Neill)榆树下的欲望Desire

Cask of Amontillado?

Under the Elms

托尼 莫里森(Toni Morrison)所罗门之歌Songs of Solomon 宠儿Beloved 1. 2. 3.

Bewolf fought against the Grendel and dragon The form of Medieval English literature is romanceGeoffrey Chaucer ,the father of English poetry

第二篇：英美文学选读Araby分析

Analysis

In “Araby,” the allure of new love and distant places mingles with the familiarity of everyday drudgery, with frustrating consequences. Mangan’s sister embodies this mingling, since she is part of the familiar surroundings of the narrator’s street as well as the exotic promise of the bazaar. She is a “brown figure” who both reflects the brown façades of the buildings that line the street and evokes the skin color of

romanticized images of Arabia that flood the narrator’s head. Like the bazaar that offers experiences that differ from everyday Dublin, Mangan’s sister intoxicates the narrator with new feelings of joy and elation. His love for her, however, must compete with the dullness of schoolwork, his uncle’s lateness, and the Dublin trains. Though he promises Mangan’s sister that he will go to Araby and purchase a gift for her, these mundane realities undermine his plans and ultimately thwart his desires. The narrator arrives at the bazaar only to encounter flowered teacups and English accents, not the freedom of the enchanting East. As the bazaar closes down, he realizes that Mangan’s sister will fail his expectations as well, and that his desire for her is actually only a vain wish for change.

The narrator’s change of heart concludes the story on a moment of epiphany, but not a positive one. Instead of reaffirming his love or realizing that he does not need gifts to express his feelings for Mangan’s sister, the narrator simply gives up. He seems to interpret his arrival at the bazaar as it fades into

darkness as a sign that his relationship with Mangan’s sister will also remain just a wishful idea and that his infatuation was as misguided as his fantasies about the bazaar. What might have been a story of happy, youthful love becomes a tragic story of defeat. Much like the disturbing, unfulfilling adventure in “An Encounter,” the narrator’s failure at the bazaar suggests that fulfillment and contentedness remain foreign to Dubliners, even in the most unusual events of the city like an annual bazaar.

The tedious events that delay the narrator’s trip indicate that no room exists for love in the daily lives of Dubliners, and the absence of love renders the characters in the story almost anonymous. Though the narrator might imagine himself to be carrying thoughts of Mangan’s sister through his day as a priest would carry a Eucharistic chalice to an altar, the minutes tick away through school, dinner, and his uncle’s boring poetic recitation. Time does not adhere to the narrator’s visions of his relationship. The story presents this frustration as universal: the narrator is nameless, the girl is always “Mangan’s sister” as though she is any girl next door, and the story closes with the narrator imagining himself as a creature. In “Araby,” Joyce suggests that all people experience frustrated desire for love and new experiences.

第三篇：英美文学及选读二作业

班级：英本一班姓名：陈改英学号：14001094031成绩

Analysis of Rip Van Winkle

Rip Van Winkle tells a story about a kindhearted farmer Rip Van Winkle who helped a stranger distribute wine on a mountain slope. He drank a little and soon fall asleep, when he woke and went back to the village, it was 20 years later .Everything had changed. The most important change was the war of independence had been won and the portrait of King George of Britain was replaced by American President of George Washington.

Theme of the Rip Van Winkle

The main theme is the revolution .Rip here is used as a metaphor, In America, the group of letters always appears in funerals, means “rest in peace”, which is short for rip. As to the war, revolution, death and politic, Rip is just rest in peace for 20 years. At the same time , we know that the author was born just the year when England officially recognized the new nation, and the victory of the war and American Independence brought American people a new freedom .And yet, this hard-wonFreedom become a new anxiety gradually , for it was hard for the first generation of American to find their own identity , they were lost, uncertain of what to do with the freedom .

There is strong resemblance between Rip Van Winkle and the American people. Dame Van Winkle and the English Government.. Before the revolution , Rip was a meek man who would rather die on a penny than work for a pound ,because he refuse to do any kind of profitable labor .he couldn’t live in peace for the existence of his wife ,she would taught him lessons in every possible. The American people were also trying to live a peaceful life, and the rule of the British government made it impossible.The Americans suffered the oppression for a long time. After the war, Rip returned to his village only to find great changes in the small village. Which is sample of the change of America, No one recognized him, people talked about hot issues, he had no interest in. Dame Van Winkle was gone and he was free now. However he had no idea what he should do .The past had past forever ,despotism was gone , No one was going to tell Rip what he should do .No one was going to force him to do anything . The American people is free to choose now , but they had no idea of what to chose , they were led into a new kind of life to which they strangers ,they were groping in the dark for the way ahead.

From this it revels the conservative attitude towards revolution .but it doesn’t mean the attitude against the revolution but his bewilderment after the revolution..

Characters of Rip Van Winkle

The characters of the hero in the story Rip Van Winkle is a good natured Dutch American farmer and a hen-pecked husband , he is glad to help others , so he is a great favorite among all good wives of the village , let alone the children . but the misablething is that he failed to managed his own farm , not because he was busy , but because he didn’t like all kinds of profitable labor . the character of Rip is flexible .enough to turn his misfortune into an advantage . on one hand , he escapes 20 years of scolding by sleeping in the mountain ;on the other hand , he makes great success as a man neither –minds his own business or maintain his reputation as a hard a worker

第四篇：英美文学选读 傲慢与偏见

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《傲慢与偏见》的女性

叙事视角解读

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《傲慢与偏见》的女性叙事视角解读

摘要:奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中，通过在全知视角下具有限制性的叙述模式向我们展示了灰姑娘的浪漫爱情故事，描绘出作者所处时代的社会道德风貌，表达了作者的女性抗争意识及对当时社会婚姻观的批判。

关键词: 全知视角;有限视角

在奥斯丁的著作中，《傲慢与偏见》一直深受读者的喜爱，并经受住了时间的考验，成为文学史上不休的名著。剖析其原因，发现这与奥斯丁高超的叙事技巧是分不开的。自小说发表以来，其叙述技巧引起了广泛的评论，纵观其评论，发现对其独特的女性视角分析还是不够。在这部小说中，奥斯丁颠覆了以往男权统治下的话语权，采用了全知视角下，从女性的有限视角展示故事，从女性的角度来描写生活，并首次让小说中的女性形象第一次成为真正意义上的主角，让女性有了话语权。因而，从女性视角这一角度对小说进行解读，对于理解和把握作品具有重要的意义。申丹曾指出：叙事者的性别不同，往往会对叙事模式及其意义产生影响。把性别和视角结合在一起的女性视角是指从性别入手来审视人类的文化遗产和文化创造的一种批评观念和批评角度。本文将从女性叙事视角对小说进行解读，发掘其对于展现女性意识的意义。

叙事视角，在文学作品中是指作品叙述者或者人物从什么角度观

察故事。从小说的整体来说，奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中选择了全知视角，如在交代故事背景，人物首次出场以及在每章节中奥斯丁看似无意的评述。例如：小说的第一章第一句话就是通过贝内特太太总括式的议论“有钱的单身汉总是要娶位太太，这是一条公认的真理。”使读者顷刻间就能识别人物形象。贝内特太太在全知叙述视角下，是作为被叙述对象而存在，她的那句总括式议论，与作者的价值信念是完全不同的，因而造成了读者与她的距离，读者高高在上地评判着贝内特太太，笑她的迂腐和无知。但是正是这一人物形象，却揭露了当时社会上普遍流行的婚姻价值观，正是因为当时流行的婚恋观所以贝内特太太才把嫁女儿当作自己的人生大事，读者在嘲讽贝内特太太的同时也了解了整个社会背景，实际上读者对贝内特太太的疏离也拉近了读者和隐含作者的距离，从而拉近了读者和女主人公的距离。在全知视角的应用方面还可以从小说的第二十二章中，作者那一段心酸讽刺的话语评价了夏绿蒂的婚姻看出。“大凡家境不好而又受过相当教育的青年女子，总是把结婚当作仅有的一条体面的退路。尽管结婚并不一定会叫人幸福，但总算给自己安排了一条最可靠的储藏室，日后可以不致挨冻受饥。”这句话揭示出了当时女子在婚姻方面的被动局面，在男权社会里，女性一直处于附属地位，婚姻是两个门当户对家庭的结合，爱情的有无处于次要地位。对于女性来说，她在婚姻市场的卖点取决于她能够带来的嫁妆，像夏绿蒂这样没有嫁妆的女性，在当时只有两条路可走，一条是做家庭教师，另一条就是抓住婚姻，所以当迂腐的柯林斯向她求婚时她爽快地答应了，这在夏绿蒂看来似乎

是最好的归宿了。奥斯丁一生未婚，在她27岁时曾拒绝了一位庄园主的求婚，也就是拒绝了日后有保障的生活。在《理智与情感》中，奥斯丁借玛丽安之口说出她当时心理“一个27岁的女子别指望再能感受爱情或激发爱情了”。由此可以看出，奥斯丁的理想婚姻模式是要以爱情为感情基础的。因此，对于夏绿蒂的选择，奥斯丁在这里既有对无奈的同情又有对当时社会婚姻观的讽刺。通过全知视角的插入议论，拉近了与读者的距离，引起了读者的同情从而让作者的批判更加有力。

《傲慢与偏见》向来以跌宕起伏的情节引人入胜，而情节的这种魅力与奥斯丁独特的叙述视角分不开。根据里蒙-凯南的观点，文本的生存在很大程度上取决于文本本身的悬念能否引起读者的兴趣和好奇，而这直接取决于文本信息的呈现先方式，信息缺省无疑是手段之一，而这正是有限视角的功能所在。同时，这一有限视角又是女性，因此，读者会从女性的视角来理解阅读这部作品，凸出女性特有的心理特征。如果说小说的前十章，全知视角叙述明显，叙述者全方位的观照这时间与人物，但是作者越来越强调伊丽莎白。就在达西不自觉的爱上伊丽莎白后，小说的视角发生了转换，即有限视角开始淡入。伊丽莎白在后面的章节不仅成为了小说的中心和焦点，而且故事里的人物，时间主要由她去耳闻目睹和见证，转述的也都是她自外部接受的信息和产生的内心冲突。从读者反映论来看，由于视角的限制，叙述者可以忽视达西和威克姆等人物的内心从而产生了很多的误解，造成了读者的阅读期待。

从女性视角来说，作者选择伊丽莎白作为叙述视角是又其特殊意义的。

首先，伊丽莎白是一个受过良好教育的淑女，但是由于没有遗产可以继承，因此，在婚姻上她的命运比夏绿蒂好不到哪里去。尽管对自己妹妹的学究态度极尽嘲讽，但是她自己也是对于当时要求淑女的各种技艺样样精通，而这些技艺其实并非出自淑女们的喜欢，只是讨好以后自己的丈夫的手段罢了。从这一点上伊丽莎白并没有完全摈弃所谓的淑女练习，只不过她对于婚姻另有自己的看法。这一点从伊丽莎白拒绝柯林斯的求婚时说的话就可以理解“你不能使我幸福，而且我相信，我也决不能使你幸福”。这反映了伊丽莎白以爱情为基础的婚恋观，读者可以看出伊丽莎白和奥斯丁有着相似之处。对于达西的偏见以及对威克姆的轻信都来自于她对于自己的自尊和自爱，以及她对于婚姻必须以感情为基础的追求。其二，伊丽莎白在作者的层层铺垫之下逐步拉近了读者的距离，并获得了好感，因而，采用她的视角描写更有助于产生共鸣，让读者跟随伊丽莎白随着误会的升级逐步了解了事情的来龙去脉，从而也让故事情节更加曲折。比如当达西和威克姆第一次共同出现时，读者跟伊丽莎白一样只是看到了他们面面相觑的神情，在伊丽莎白想弄明白达西和威克姆的关系时，达西一味隐瞒，而威克姆尽情欺骗。至此，读者和伊丽莎白一样把误会推向了顶点，对达西的为人更加痛恨。作者对于这一进程没有任何干涉，只是让伊丽莎白通过自己的眼睛来展示着故事情节，让读者从伊丽莎白这一点出发，了解伊丽莎白的单纯可爱，让伊丽莎白这一形象更加丰满

可爱。但是当读到达西的信，读者同伊丽莎白一样明白了事情的原委，而正是通过达西的信，读者跟伊丽莎白一样明白了达西尽量改变了以往的傲慢态度。所以伊丽莎白为自己的轻信而“啊”出了自己的懊悔之情时，读者也恍然大悟，并且开始期待达西和伊丽莎白能成眷属。不出所料，小说的结尾，伊丽莎白这个灰姑娘终于通过重重曲折找到了自己的白马王子。

奥斯丁一反传统文学中女性的被叙述，被符号化的命运，在《傲慢与偏见》中采用了女性视角，将女性作为主体来描绘，凸显了女性意识。在小说中，女性自身的语言和话语方式的出现显示出了颠覆的力量，解构了男权社会，小说的男主人公是在女主人公的反击下改掉了自己的傲慢时才赢得了自己的爱情。

参考文献

①(英)奥斯丁著。王科一译。上海译文出版社，1980.

②吴卫华。《傲慢与偏见》的叙述视角和写作意义。域外视野。③朱虹编。奥斯丁研究。中国文联出版社，1985.

④秦岚。试析《傲慢与偏见》的修辞技巧。唐山师范学院学报。

第五篇：2011.07月英美文学选读真题

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试

I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)

Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.

1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.

A. Bleak House

C. Great ExpectationsB. Hard Times D. A Tale of Two Cities

2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.

A. The Return of the Native

C. Tess of the D’UrbervillesB. The Mayor of Casterbridge D. Jude the Obscure

3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.

A. Getting Married

C. Widowers’ HousesB. Too True to Be Good D. The Apple Cart

4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as a

prominent novelist.

A. The Trespasser

C. Sons and LoversB. The White Peacock D. The Rainbow

5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream

- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.

A. “Prufrock”

C. The Hollow MenB. “Gerontion” D. Lyrical Ballads

6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.

A. The Professor

C. VilletteB. Wuthering Heights D. Jane Eyre

7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his fourcentury novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

A. Thomas Gray

C. Jonathan SwiftB. Richard Brinsley Sheridan D. Henry Fielding

19. Shakespeare’s authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two long narrative poems: Venus and Adonis and____________.

A. Julius Caesar

C. The Rape of LucreceB. The Winter’s Tale D. The Two gentlemen of Verona

20. John Milton’s ____________ is probably his most memorable prose work, which is a great

plea for freedom of the press.

A. Paradise Lost

C. AreopagiticaB. Paradise regained D. Lycidas

21.D. H. Lawrence’s novels ____________ are generally regarded as his masterpieces.

A. The Rainbow; Women in Love

B. The Rainbow; Sons and Lovers

C. Sons and Lovers; Lady Chatterley’s Lover

D. Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover

22. The best representatives of the English humanists are Thomas More, Christopher Mar-lowe and____________.

A. William Shakespeare

C. Henry FieldingB. John Milton D. Jonathan Swift

23. Mark Twain’s particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,” a unique variation of American literary____________.

A. romanticism

C. modernismB. nationalism D. realism

24. As a poet with a strong sense of mission, Walt Whitman devoted all his life to the creation of the “single”

poem,____________.

A. Drum Taps

C. A Boy’s WillB. North of Boston D. Leaves of Grass

25. William Faulkner creates his own mythical kingdom that mirrors not only the decline of the ____________ society of America but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society.

A. Eastern

C. SouthernB. Western D. Northern

26. In his final years, Herman Melville turned again to prose fiction and wrote what is probably his second famous work, ____________ , which was published after his death.

A. Billy Budd

C. MobyDickD. Omoo

29. According to ____________ , the lifeTold Tales, a collection of ____________ which attracted critical attention.

C. essaysD. plays

39. William Faulkner set most of his works in the American ____________ , with his emphasis on the ________subjects and consciousness.

A. North... Northern

C. West... WesternB. East... Eastern D. South... Southern

40. The House of the Seven Gables was based on the tradition of a curse pronounced on ____________’s family when his great - grandfather was a judge in the Salem witchcraft trials.

A. Nathaniel Hawthorne

C. Ezra PoundB. Washington Irving D. Walt Whitman

PART TWO (60 POINTS)

II. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)

Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

41. “Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;

Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:

So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ”

Questions:

A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?

B. What does the word “this” in the last line refer to?

C. What idea do the quoted lines express?

42. “Never did sun more beautifully steep

In his first splendor, valley, rock or hill;

Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep !

The river glideth at his own sweet will:

Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;

And all that mighty heart is lying still!”

( From Wordsworth’s sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge)

Questions:

A. What does this sonnet describe?

B. What does the phrase “mighty heart” refer to?

C. The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form of sonnet?

43. “ The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep. ”

Questions:

A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?

B. What does the word “sleep” mean?

C. What idea do the four lines express?

44. “ I celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume,

For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loafe and invite my soul,

I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. ”

( From Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself)

Questions:

A. Who does “myself ” refer to?

B. How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul” ?

C. What does “a spear of summer grass” symbolize?

III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)

Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

45. What’s the theme of the poem Paradise Lost? What’s the author’s intention to create it and the implication that the poem expresses?

46. The Waste Land is T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem. What’s the theme of the poem?

47. In American literature, Emily Dickinson’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. What are the features of Dickinson’s poems?

48. What’s the theme of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby?

IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)

Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

49. Discuss Charles Dickens’ art of fiction: the setting, the character- portrayal, the language, etc. , based on his novel Oliver Twist.

50. Summarize Ernest Hemingway’s artistic features.