曼德拉的英文励志诗

曼德拉的英文励志诗（精选6篇）

篇1：曼德拉的英文励志诗

【前南非总统曼德拉励志演讲稿(中英文)】

I Am Prepared to Die for an Ideal

为理想我愿献出生命

February 11,1990

1990年2月11日

I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to see realized. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

我反对白人统治，也反对黑人统治。我珍视民主和自由社会的理想，在这个社会中，人人和睦相处，机会均等。我希望为这个理想而生，并希望能实现这个理想。但是如果需要，为理想我愿献出生命。

My friends, comrades, and fellow South Africans: I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy, and freedom for all. I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people. Your tireless and heroic sacrifices have made it possible for me to be here today. I therefore have placed the remaining years of my life in your , I extend my sincere and warmest gratitude to the millions of my compatriots and those in every corner of the globe who have campaigned tirelessly for my release. I extend special greetings to the people of Cape Town, the city through which — which has been my home for three decades. Your mass marches and other forms of struggle have served as a constant source of strength to all political . It has fulfilled our every expectation in its role as leader of the great march to , Comrade Oliver Tambo, for leading the ANC even under the most difficult circumstances.

我的朋友们、同志们和南非同胞们： 我以和平、民主和全人类自由的名义，向你们大家致意。今天我站在你们面前，不是作为一名预言家，而是作为人民的谦卑公仆。你们不懈的奋斗和英勇的牺牲才使我今天有可能站在这里，因此，我要把余生献给你们。在我获释的今天，我要向千百万同胞，向世界各地为我的获释作出过不懈努力的人们，致以真诚的、最热烈的感谢。 我要特别感谢开普敦的人民，我以开普敦为家住了30年。你们大规模的游行示威和其他形式的斗争一直是所有政治犯们的力量源泉。我向非国大会议致敬。作为一个领导我们奔向自由的政党，它实现了我们对它的所有期望。我向我们的主席——奥利弗·坦博同志致敬，他在最艰难的环境下领导着非国大。

I salute the rankandfile members of the ANC: You have sacrificed life and limb in the pursuit of the noble cause of our , like Solomon Mahlangu and Ashley Kriel, who have paid the ultimate price for the freedom of all South Africans. I salute the South African Communist Party for its sterling contribution to the struggle for democracy. You have survived 40 years of unrelenting persecution. The memory of great communists like Moses Kotane, Yusuf Dadoo, Bram Fischer, and Moses Mabhida will be cherished for generations to come. I salute General Secretary Joe Slovo, one of our finest patriots. We are heartened by the fact that the alliance between ourselves and the Party remains as strong as it — it always , the National Education Crisis Committee, the South African Youth Congress, the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, and COSATU, and the many other formations of the Mass Democratic Movement. I also salute the Black Sash and the National Union of South African Students. We note with pride that you have looked — that you have acted as the conscience of white South Africa. Even during the darkest days in the history of our struggle you held the flag of liberty high. The largescale mass mobilization of the past few years is one of the key factors which led to the opening of the final chapter of our — Your organized strength is the pride of our movement. You remain the most dependable force in the struggle to end exploitation and oppression.

我向非国大的普通党员们致敬：你们在争取自由的伟大事业中赴汤蹈火英勇献身。我向“民族之矛”的战士们——如所罗门·马赫兰古和艾希莉·柯瑞尔——致敬，他们为了全体南非人的自由而流尽了最后一滴血。我向南非共产党致敬，它为南非的民主斗争作出了非凡的贡献。你们经受了40年的无情迫害而坚持了下来。南非世世代代的人民都将怀念摩西·科达恩、余素夫·达都、布莱姆·费舍尔以及摩西·马西达等伟大的共产主义者。我向秘书长乔·斯洛沃致敬，他是我们最杰出的爱国者之一。一个鼓舞人心的事实是，我们和共产党的联盟依然一如既往地坚不可摧。我向统一民主阵线、国民教育危机处理委员会、南非青年会、liuxue86.com德兰士瓦省及纳塔尔印度人大会、南非贸易联合会以及其他各种形式的群众民主运动组织致敬。我还要向“黑肩带”妇女协会以及南非学生国民联合会致敬。我们骄傲地看到你们的言行代表了南非白人的良知。即便在我们斗争史上最黑暗的岁月里，你们也高举着民主自由的大旗。过去几年里，大规模的群众动员是揭开我们斗争最后 篇章的主要因素之一。我要向我们国家的劳动阶级致敬。你们团结起来的力量是我们争取自由运动的骄傲。你们依然是我们反剥削反压迫斗争中最可依赖的力量。

I pay tribute — I pay tribute to the many religious communities who carried the campaign for justice forward when the organizations of our people were silenced. I greet the traditional leaders of our country — many among you continue to walk in the footsteps of great heroes like Hintsa and , you, the young lions. You, the young lions, have energized our entire struggle. I pay tribute to the mothers and wives and sisters of our nation. You are the rockhard foundation of our struggle. Apartheid has inflicted more pain on you than on anyone , we thank the world — we thank the world community for their great contribution to the antiapartheid struggle. Without your support our struggle would not have reached this advanced stage. The sacrifice of the frontline states will be remembered by South Africans , black and white, recognize that apartheid has no future. It has to be ended by our own decisive mass action in order to build peace and security.

我向众多宗教团体致敬，在我们的组织被压制得鸦雀无声时，他们挺身而出，展开争取正义的运动。我向我国过去的领导者们致敬，你们中的很多人继续沿着亨萨、瑟库库内等伟大英雄们的足迹前进。我向年轻的英雄主义者们致敬，你们是年轻的雄狮。你们——年轻的雄狮们，给我们整个斗争中注入了活力。我向我们国家里的母亲们、妻子们、姐妹们致敬。你们是我们进行斗争的坚强基石。种族隔离烙在你们身心上的伤痕比任何人的都多。在这个时刻，我们感谢世界——我们感谢世界这个大团体在反对种族隔离的斗争中所作出的伟大贡献。没有你们的支持，我们的斗争不会到达这个新阶段。那些走在斗争前列的国家所付出的牺牲将会被南非人民永远铭记。如果不向我深爱的妻子和家人表示深深的感激，那么我的致敬将是残缺不全的。在我漫长而孤独的铁窗生涯中，他们给了我力量。我相信你们经受的痛苦和苦难远远超过了我自己。在我进一步演讲之前，我愿意阐明我的观点，就是在当前阶段，我只打算对一些问题做初步的评论。等到我有机会和我的同志们深入切磋之后，我将发表一个更加全面的声明。今天，无论是黑人还是白人，大多数南非人都已认识到种族隔离制度已经走到尽头。我们必须果敢地采取我们自己的群众运动来确保国家的和平与安全。

【延伸阅读：曼德拉的一生】

纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela)197月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格。曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。于1994年至间任南非总统，是首位黑人总统，被尊称为南非国父。liuxue86.com

在任职总统前，曼德拉是积极的反种族隔离人士，同时也是非洲国民大会的武装组织民族之矛的领袖。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非法院以密谋推翻政府等罪名将他定罪。依据判决，曼德拉在牢中服刑了27年。1990年出狱后，转而支持调解与协商，并在推动多元族群民主的过渡期挺身领导南非。自种族隔离制度终结以来，曼德拉受到了来自各界的赞许，包括从前的反对者。

曼德拉在40年来获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显着的便是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。，其被选为最伟大的南非人。

12月6日(南非时间5日)，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。南非为曼德拉举行国葬，全国降半旗。

生平简介

早年曼德拉

曼德拉是家族中唯一上过学的成员，小学启蒙教师给他取名纳尔逊。当曼德拉9岁的时候，他父亲死于肺结核。部落中的摄政王成为他的监护人，曼德拉于是就到离开父亲王宫不远的韦斯里安教会学校上课。按照腾布的习惯，他从16岁开始受业。曼德拉用了2年完成了惯常需要3年完成的初中学业。因为父亲的地位，他被指定为王朝的继任者。

曼德拉在福特哈尔大学上学时，遇到了一生的好朋友、好同事——奥利弗·坦波。并在曼德拉大学生涯第一年中，他卷入了学生会抵制学校不合理政策的活动。他被勒令退学，并被告知除非接受学生会的选举结果，不然不能再回到学校。此后，曼德拉在监狱时才获得了伦敦大学的函授法学学位。

离开福特哈尔不久，曼德拉就安排和腾布家族的继承人一起结婚。但他选择逃避，离开了家乡来到了约翰内斯堡。刚到约翰内斯堡后，他就在煤矿坑找到了一份保安的工作。不过，当矿场老板发现曼德拉是逃亡的贵族后就迅速解雇了他。曼德拉随后在约翰内斯堡的一家律师事务所找到了文书工作，在此期间于南非大学通过函授修完了他的学士学位，此后，他开始在约翰内斯堡金山大学学习法律。曼德拉在金山大学读书期间住在位于约翰内斯堡北部的亚力克山德拉镇，并遇到了他此后反种族隔离时的同事——乔斯洛沃、哈里斯沃兹以及鲁斯福斯特。

曼德拉投身政治

1944年参加主张非暴力斗争的南非非洲人国民大会(简称非国大)。

1948年，由布尔人当政的南非国民党取得了大选的胜利，由于这个党派支持种族隔离政策，曼德拉开始积极地投身政治，他在1952年的非国大反抗运动和1955年的人民议会中起到了领导作用，这些运动的基础就是自由宪章。与此同时，曼德拉和他的律师所同事奥利弗坦波开设了曼德拉坦波律师事务所，为请不起辩护律师的黑人提供免费或者低价的法律咨询服务，并先后任非国大执委、德兰士瓦省主席、全国副主席。1952年年底，他成功地组织并领导了“蔑视不公正法令运动”，赢得了全体黑人的尊敬。为此，南非当局曾两次发出不准他参加公众集会的禁令。

1958年9月2日，亨德里克·弗伦施·维沃尔德出任南非首相，其于执政期间出台了“班图斯坦法”，此举将1000余万非洲黑人仅仅限制在12.5%的南非国土中，并且同时在国内实行强化通行证制度，此举激化了南非黑人与白人的冲突，最终导致了沙佩韦尔惨案的发生。

1960年3月21日，南非军警在沙佩维尔向正在进行示威游行的五千名抗议示威者射击，惨案共导致了69人死亡，180人受伤，曼德拉也因此被捕入狱，但是最后通过在法庭辩论上为自己的辩护，而无罪释放。

1961年，他领导罢工运动，抗议和抵制白人种族主义者成立的“南非共和国”;此后转入地下武装斗争。曼德拉创建了非国大军事组织：“民族之矛”(Umkhonto we Sizwe)并任总司令。他曾秘密赴国外访问，并出席在亚的斯亚贝巴召开的反非自由运动大会，呼吁对南非实行经济制裁。

曼德拉被捕入狱

1962年8月，在美国中情局的帮助之下，曼德拉被南非种族隔离政权逮捕入狱，当时政府以“煽动”罪和“非法越境”罪判处曼德拉5年监禁，自此，曼德拉开始了他长达27年的“监狱生涯”。

1962年10月15日，曼德拉被关押到比勒陀利亚地方监狱。在那里，曼德拉为了争取自身利益而遭到单独关押，关押时间一日长达23小时，每天只有上午和下午各半个小时的活动时间。在单独关押室中没有自然光线，没有任何书写物品，一切与外部隔绝。最终，曼德拉放弃了自己的一些权利，他希望能够与他人交流。

1964年6月，南非政府以“企图以暴力推翻政府”罪判处正在服刑的曼德拉终生监禁，当年他被转移到罗本岛上。罗本岛是1960年代中期到1991年那段时间内南非最大的秘密监狱，岛上曾关押过大批黑人政治犯。曼德拉在罗本岛的狱室只有4.5平方米，在这里他受到了非人的待遇。罗本岛上的囚犯被狱卒们逼迫到岛上的采石场做苦工。在岛上，曼德拉希望监狱方面同意他在监狱的院子里开辟出一块菜园，监狱方面多次拒绝，但是最终还是同意了曼德拉的要求。在岛上，曼德拉依然坚持着身体锻炼，例如在牢房中跑步，做俯卧撑进行锻炼。

1982年，曼德拉离开了罗本岛，他被转移到波尔斯摩尔监狱。自此，曼德拉结束了自己在罗本岛长达18年的囚禁。他在这里也开辟了一片菜园，并且种了将近900株植物。

1984年5月，官方允许曼德拉与其夫人进行“接触性”探视，当他的夫人听到这个消息时认为曼德拉可能生病了，当两人进行探视时，他们互相拥抱在一起，曼德拉说：“这么多年以来，这是我第一次吻抱我的妻子。算起来，我已经有没有碰过我夫人的手了。”

曼德拉重获自由

南非在实行种族隔离后期那段时间内，受到了国际社会的严厉制裁，这一切最终导致南非于1990年解除隔离，实现民族和解。

1990年2月10日，南非总统德克勒克宣布无条件释放曼德拉，1990年2月11日，在监狱中度过了27年的曼德拉终于重获自由。出狱当日，他前往了索韦托足球场，向12万人发表了他着名的“出狱演说”。[5]1990年3月，他被非国大全国执委任命为副主席、代行主席职务。

曼德拉担任总统

1994年4月，非国大在南非首次不分种族的大选中获胜。5月9日，在南非首次的多种族大选结果揭晓后，曼德拉成为南非历史上首位黑人总统。

12月，曼德拉辞去非国大主席一职，并表示不再参加196月的总统竞选。[5]

年3月12日，被欧洲着名学府莱顿大学授予荣誉博士学位。5月，曼德拉总统应邀访华，他是首位访华的南非国家元首。6月正式去职。

曼德拉离开

203月南非前总统纳尔逊·曼德拉由于肺部感染复发，于27日午夜再次入院接受治疗，这是自12月以来，曼德拉第三次入院，也是他在3月份的第二次住院。在西方的复活节到来的时刻，南非人民纷纷前往教堂，为曼德拉祈福。

年6月8日，曼德拉因肺部感染复发被送往比勒陀利亚医院治疗。年6月12日，曼德拉孙子曼迪拉发布声明称曼德拉的病情已出现好转，曼迪拉向南非和全世界为曼德拉送上祝福的人表示感谢。6月23日，曼德拉病情开始恶化。医疗小组汇报说，在过去24小时里，曼德拉的病情“危急”。

2013年9月1日，南非总统府称，前总统曼德拉已经离开医院，回到位于约翰内斯堡的家中继续接受重症监护，但其病情仍然非常严重，健康状况有时也不稳定。

2013年12月6日(南非时间5日)，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。南非为曼德拉举行国葬，全国降半旗。

家庭成员

曼德拉的生命中留下了三个女人的痕迹。她们分别是：初恋情人伊夫琳、“黑人母亲”温妮和“晚年知己”格拉萨。

曼德拉一共有六个孩子，两男四女。

他与其首任夫人共生下两男两女，不过大女儿在出生后就夭折了。曼德拉的大儿子马迪巴·桑贝基勒于1969年死于车祸，而他的二儿子马克贾托·曼德拉于的1月6日死于爱滋病。

曼德拉与他的第二任妻子温妮生有两个女儿。

代表作品

《走向自由之路不会平坦》、《斗争就是生活》、《争取世界自由宣言》、自传《自由路漫漫》。

获得荣誉

1983年和1985年，曼德拉曾先后荣获联合国教科文组织授予的“西蒙·博利瓦国际奖”和第三世界社会经济研究基金会颁发的“第三世界奖”。1988年：曼德拉荣获由欧洲议会颁发的萨哈罗夫奖(全称为萨哈罗夫思想自由奖Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought)，以表彰他为扞卫人权所做的贡献。

1991年联合国教科文组织授予曼德拉“乌弗埃-博瓦尼争取和平奖”。

1992年10月首次访华，5日被北京大学授予名誉法学博士学位。

1993年10月，诺贝尔和平委员会授予他诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰他为废除南非种族歧视政策所作出的贡献。

同年，他还与当时的南非总统德克勒克一起被授予美国费城自由勋章。

9月曼德拉访美，获美国“国会金奖”，成为第一个获得美国这一最高奖项的非洲人。

8月被南部非洲发展共同体授予“卡马”勋章，以表彰他在领导南非人民争取自由的长期斗争中，在实现新旧南非的和平过渡阶段，以及担任南共体主席期间做出的杰出贡献。

203月底，高6米的曼德拉雕像在约翰内斯堡桑敦商务中心广场落成，此广场也更名为曼德拉广场204月曼德拉夫妇获得由世界各地数百万儿童选举产生的“全球之友奖”。

对曼德拉的评价

为了推翻南非白人种族主义统治，曼德拉进行了长达50年(1944—1994年)艰苦卓绝的斗争，铁窗面壁28年(1962—1990年)。最终，从阶下囚一跃成为南非第一任黑人总统，为新南非开创了一个民主统一的局面。南非终身名誉总统。因脸上常带有笑容，被南非人民称之为“微笑大使”。

纳尔逊·曼德拉是二十世纪九十年代非洲乃至世界政坛上一颗最耀眼的和平主义者。他领导的非国大在结束南非种族主义的斗争中发挥了极其重要的作用。1994年4月新南非诞生，标志着非洲大陆反帝、反殖、反对种族隔离的政治解放任务胜利完成。最终当选为南非历史上第一位黑人总统，享有崇高的声誉，被誉为“全球总统” 。

即使在狱中，曼德拉也多次成为全球焦点，他的号召力和影响力遍及全世界，全球53个国家的名市长为曼德拉的获释而签名请愿;英国78名议员发表联合声明，50多个城市市长在伦敦盛装游行，要求英国首相向南非施加压力，恢复曼德拉自由。

曼德拉是一个标志，他代表了历经千辛万苦、南非人民用生命作为代价所换来的政治转型。对于这个国家而言，他扮演了“国父”的角色。

篇2：曼德拉的英文励志诗

I Am Prepared to Die for an Ideal

为理想我愿献出生命

February 11,1990

1990年2月11日

I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to see realized. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

我反对白人统治，也反对黑人统治。我珍视民主和自由社会的理想，在这个社会中，人人和睦相处，机会均等。我希望为这个理想而生，并希望能实现这个理想。但是如果需要，为理想我愿献出生命。

My friends, comrades, and fellow South Africans: I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy, and freedom for all. I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people. Your tireless and heroic sacrifices have made it possible for me to be here today. I therefore have placed the remaining years of my life in your , I extend my sincere and warmest gratitude to the millions of my compatriots and those in every corner of the globe who have campaigned tirelessly for my release. I extend special greetings to the people of Cape Town, the city through which — which has been my home for three decades. Your mass marches and other forms of struggle have served as a constant source of strength to all political . It has fulfilled our every expectation in its role as leader of the great march to , Comrade Oliver Tambo, for leading the ANC even under the most difficult circumstances.

我的朋友们、同志们和南非同胞们： 我以和平、民主和全人类自由的名义，向你们大家致意。今天我站在你们面前，不是作为一名预言家，而是作为人民的谦卑公仆。你们不懈的奋斗和英勇的牺牲才使我今天有可能站在这里，因此，我要把余生献给你们。在我获释的今天，我要向千百万同胞，向世界各地为我的获释作出过不懈努力的人们，致以真诚的、最热烈的感谢。 我要特别感谢开普敦的人民，我以开普敦为家住了30年。你们大规模的 和其他形式的斗争一直是所有政治犯们的力量源泉。我向非国大会议致敬。作为一个领导我们奔向自由的政党，它实现了我们对它的所有期望。我向我们的主席——奥利弗·坦博同志致敬，他在最艰难的环境下领导着非国大。

I salute the rank?and?file members of the ANC: You have sacrificed life and limb in the pursuit of the noble cause of our , like Solomon Mahlangu and Ashley Kriel, who have paid the ultimate price for the freedom of all South Africans. I salute the South African Communist Party for its sterling contribution to the struggle for democracy. You have survived 40 years of unrelenting persecution. The memory of great communists like Moses Kotane, Yusuf Dadoo, Bram Fischer, and Moses Mabhida will be cherished for generations to come. I salute General Secretary Joe Slovo, one of our finest patriots. We are heartened by the fact that the alliance between ourselves and the Party remains as strong as it — it always , the National Education Crisis Committee, the South African Youth Congress, the Transvaal and Natal Indian Congresses, and COSATU, and the many other formations of the Mass Democratic Movement. I also salute the Black Sash and the National Union of South African Students. We note with pride that you have looked — that you have acted as the conscience of white South Africa. Even during the darkest days in the history of our struggle you held the flag of liberty high. The large?scale mass mobilization of the past few years is one of the key factors which led to the opening of the final chapter of our — Your organized strength is the pride of our movement. You remain the most dependable force in the struggle to end exploitation and oppression.

我向非国大的普通党员们致敬：你们在争取自由的伟大事业中赴汤蹈火英勇献身，

我向“民族之矛”的战士们——如所罗门·马赫兰古和艾希莉·柯瑞尔——致敬，他们为了全体南非人的自由而流尽了最后一滴血。我向南非共产党致敬，它为南非的民主斗争作出了非凡的贡献。你们经受了40年的无情迫害而坚持了下来。南非世世代代的.人民都将怀念摩西·科达恩、余素夫·达都、布莱姆·费舍尔以及摩西·马西达等伟大的共产主义者。我向秘书长乔·斯洛沃致敬，他是我们最杰出的爱国者之一。一个鼓舞人心的事实是，我们和共产党的联盟依然一如既往地坚不可摧。我向统一民主阵线、国民教育危机处理委员会、南非青年会、德兰士瓦省及纳塔尔印度人大会、南非贸易联合会以及其他各种形式的群众民主运动组织致敬。我还要向“黑肩带”妇女协会以及南非学生国民联合会致敬。我们骄傲地看到你们的言行代表了南非白人的良知。即便在我们斗争史上最黑暗的岁月里，你们也高举着民主自由的大旗。过去几年里，大规模的群众动员是揭开我们斗争最后篇章的主要因素之一。我要向我们国家的劳动阶级致敬。你们团结起来的力量是我们争取自由运动的骄傲。你们依然是我们反剥削反压迫斗争中最可依赖的力量。

篇3：曼德拉的英文励志诗

Robert Lee Frost(1874-1963)is an American poet,a lyrical poet,and an authentic painter of local landscape.He was the most popular American poet from 1914 to his death.He won the Pulitzer Prize four times,received commendations by the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the poetry society of America respectively in 1938 and 1941,received honorary degrees from forty-four colleges and universities and became the nation’s unofficial Poet laureate when he was invited to read“The Gift Outright”at the inauguration of President John F.Kennedy in 1961.

Frost’s poetry is always a delightful experience to read.On the surface,his poems are very simple,but they are in fact profound and meaningful if considering them over and over,because most of his poems are endowed with philosophical meanings.Frost’s favorite subject matter was New England life and farming.But underneath the description of country life,there is often a deeper and wider meaning,some experience or truth about life itself.

2 Wisdom and Insights between Simple Lines

Frost was politically conservative,showing indifference to immediate political event either national or international,which left his verse unruffled.He stood aside from the literary movements of20th century since he showed little interest in experimentation in form.Yet he stood aloft among his contemporary poet,because of his modern thematic concern.In his poems he managed to construct a momentary stay against confusion.The New England landscape he portrayed in his poems reflects the fragmentation of modern society.The grotesque characters under his pen reveal the tension of modern life and alienation among modern people.He also wrote about something universal,about death and life,love and hate,war and peace,the good and the evil,for which his generally regarded as a poet of philosophy.

2.1 On human beings and nature

“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Night”is perhaps the bes known of all his poems.Louis Untermeyer,American critic and poet,says that such a poem once in the mind of a reader will never leave it.Another critic calls this poem the supreme example o“Mr.Frost’s ability to enter into the life of nature.”As one o Frost’s most important writings,this poem is mainly a picture or an episode set within the picture.In classic Chinese landscape poems,a picture within a poem or a poem within a picture is not only the pursuit of the poet but also interesting and enjoyable for the reader.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Night”is also a good example for comparing American with Chinese poems of this type.

The basic image of this poem is a snowy scene that the speaker views and a series of implicit questions that the scene causes“Woods”in this poem stands for nature.Not all readers who like this poem are aware that this poem suggests deep thought abou death and about life.The strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness o snow.The poem opens with the first question,who own the wood?The speaker seems uncertain about the owner,for he uses the linguistic hedge“I think”to moderate his statement“I know whose woods these are”.Symbolism is one of the techniques mos frequently used in Frost’s poetry.Some critics say that horse in this stanza stands for the animal world,symbolizing a king of life that does not understand man’s action.

The speaker begins the second stanza by mentioning that his horse is unaccustomed to stopping without a reason.Accordingly,another implicit question is raised:why does he stop?Or what attracts him?The hedge“must”in the first line indicates that the horse can really consider the man’s reason for stopping.It was not the horse but the man the was feeling“queer”,which is“saying one thing in terms of another”.

The third stanza continues the inquiry of the second one,and in a more direct way.The horse seems to“ask if there is some mistake”In this stanza the speaker emphasizes the stillness of the night,the isolation and privacy of the moment,It was so still that he could“hear”ever the“easy wind“flowing and the“downy flake”falling,Tension begins to build up in the speaker’s mind:though he seems to enjoy the still night,he also feels doubtful momentarily,as to what he is doing and what he is going to do.

The fourth stanza summarizes the implications of the details in the preceding stanzas.It seems that the speaker there answers the question why he stopped by the woods and by the snowy night.Three adjectives(lovely,dark and deep)in the first line of this stanza reinforce one another,not only do they present tow different aspects of nature,but they also reveal the speaker’s contradictory attitude towards nature.

This poem is well unified and coherent.It has a narrative quality in that the speaker accounts his moving,his stopping,his meditating,and his resolving to go on his journey.Another element of this poem’s coherence is its logic.The first three stanzas raise implicit questions and the final stanza gives the answer,though not so explicit.Thirdly,the regular rhythm and rhyme pattern help achieve coherence and cohesion,the rhyme pattern is not only a pleasure to ears but also a support to the poem’s meaning.In this poem a difficult rhyme scheme is used.Instead of using a-b-a-b,Frost uses a-a-b-a.He also picks up the unrhymed sound of each stanza(the third line)and links it with the rhyming sound of the stanza that follows it and become the main rhyme in the next stanza.In the final stanza,Frost uses d-d-d-d to replace d-d-e-d to terminate the rhyme scheme,which is the interlocking rhyme and in this way to suggest the end of the action in the poem as well as the end of life—death.The sense and the musical effect of the poem are also reinforced by the skillful use of alliteration and assonance.One thing must be pointed out:though the poem is regular in its iambic pentameter,Frost avoids metrical monotony by departing from the pattern slightly in the final stanza,and by his masterful control of tempo.The images in the poem can be divided into two kinds,visual images(e.g.woods house,village,Snow Lake,harness bell)and auditory images(e.g.shake of bells,the sweep of easy winds and downy flake).They correspond to the sensory feelings of the poet as well as the readers,and therefore create vividness.

The attraction of the beauty of nature makes the speaker stop in his journey.He finally turns away from it,with a certain weariness and yet with quiet determination to face the needs and demands of life.This stresses the central conflict of poem between man’s enjoyment of nature’s beauty and his responsibilities in society.Poems can have multiple themes and this poem is no exception.The theme here may be the necessity to face the responsibilities,inherent in adult or the seductiveness of death as an attractive way of escaping the weight of responsibility.This poem is about our lost connection with the natural world.Our ego bound activities take over our entire adult life.No time to appreciate the natural world.No time for activities that have no specific reason to admire nature.Even the horse senses there is wrong with stopping in these woods because the horse is trained by humans.“…..promises to keep……”is the abiding theme of all of our lives as urban dwellers.This poem may also tell us that duty and responsibility take precedence over beauty and pleasure.

2.2 On man and his internal world

“The Road Not Taken”is another one of his most importan philosophical poems.Some critics believe that the poem is set in some particular woods where the road diverges into two directions There is a little stream in western Canada where the Canadian Pacific Railway crosses the Continental Divide.The tourist trains all stop at that point,for the right hand branch of the stream flows into the Pacific Ocean,and the left hand branch into the Atlantic.Forks and crossroads are everywhere and confront everyone.We must make choices in front of them and take full responsibility for the consequences.By turning this concrete,common experience into poetry Frost raises this experience to a symbolic level of universal significance.With less colloquial speech rhythms than in“Mending Wall”,the poem is written in regular stanzas and rhyme schemes.

“And sorry I could not travel both.”is the second line o this poem.Here,a strong sense of regret is clearly demonstrated by the traveler before he makes a choice.In an attempt to make a decision,the traveler“looks down one as far as I could”.The road that will be chosen leads to the unknown,as does any choice in life As much he may strain his eyes to see as far the road stretches eventually it surpasses his vision and he can never see where it is going to lead.So,the future is a mystery,we cannot see it clearly but one choice must be made.Then he took the other,“as just as fair,and having perhaps the better claim.”What made“the other”has the better claim is that“it was grassy and wanted wear”which is mysterious and adventurous for the traveler.In this stanza the narrator took“the road less traveled by”exactly illustrates his personality and the kind of people the poet admires,that is,one who does not want to necessarily follow the crowd but do more o what has never been done,what is new and different.

“And both that morning equally lay in leaves no step had trodden black.”The leaves had covered the ground and since the time they had fallen no one had yet to pass by on this road.Perhaps Frost does this because each time a person comes to the poin where they have to make a choice,it is new to them,somewhere they have never been and they tend to feel as though no one else had ever been there either.“I kept the first for another day!”The desire to travel down both paths is expressed and it is not unusual but“knowing how way leads on to way”,the speaker of this poem realizes that the decision is not just a temporary one and he“doubted if I should ever come back.”This is his common sense speaking and acknowledging that what he chooses now will affec every other choice he makes afterward.

Once again,the regret hangs over the traveler like a heavy cloud about to burst at the end of the poem.He realizes that at the end of his life,“somewhere ages and ages hence”,he will have regrets about having never gone back and traveling down the roads he did not take.Yet he remains proud of his decision and he recognizes that it was this path that he chose that made him turn out the way and he did and lives his life the way in which he lived.“I took the road less traveled by and that had made all the difference.”To this man,what was most important,what really made the difference is that he did what he wanted.If he hadn’t,he wouldn’t be the same man he is now.

The poem seems to be about the poet,walking in the woods and coming upon a fork in the road,he feels sorry that he could no take both roads and he has to choose which road he should follow on his walk.In reality,it concerns the important decisions which one must make in life.Usually we are confronted with this dilemma and can not have thing worked in our own ideal way.But choices must be made and our decisions prove irrevocable,one must give up one desirable thing in order to possess another.Whatever the outcome,one must accept the consequences of one’s choice for i is impossible to go back and have another chance to choose differently.Everyone is a traveler,choosing the roads to follow on the map of their journey,life.There is never a straight path that leaves one with but a sole direction in which to head.Regardless of the original message that Robert Frost had intended to convey,his poem,“The Road Not Taken”,has left its readers with many different interpretations.In any case,however,this poem clearly demonstrates Frost’s belief,that is,the road one chooses to travel tha makes him the man who he is.

2.3 On the relation of human beings

Since literature is the reflection of the social life,in Frost’s volumes,what he displays is just the encyclopedic epitome of the society,which shows all aspects in New England,so the relationship between man and man would be an unavoidable topic.In Frost’s poems,a part of simple conversation or monologue often reflects some kind of phenomenon in the society,so to some extent,the meanings of his poems are usually thoughtful and profound.The environment where he lives in greatly influenced his creation of poems,therefore the people there and the relationship between them always inspired Frost.“Home Burial”is his masterpiece on dealing with the relationships among human beings.“Home Burial”is a poem discloses the relationship between husbands and wives the sweetest and most intimate one in the social relationship.

From the title,the relationship between the couple and their neighbors could be found.Subjectively they bear their own ideas about his or her spouse.In our common sense,no matter when the death happens,the people alive would get together to discuss how to deal with the funeral.At the same time,they would send the unfortunate news to their relatives,their acquaintances to be presen at the funeral.For the rich family,they would hold decent funerals to bury the deceased,even for the poor;they would get their relatives or neighbors,friends together to help them.But the title of the poem“Home Burial”implies that the couple finishes the funera by themselves.Although they live in a country,some of the villagers should have assisted them.

In this poem,the main stage is merely designed in the couple’s house.It shows that the husband and the wife quarreled resentfully on the day when the man buries their little son,who died a few days ago.The wife,Amy,stands by the window discerns the whole process of the burial.His coming is out of her expectation and his commanding interrogation makes her seethe the rage in the deep heart.She feels depressed for her husband’s attitude towards their son’s death.So she warns her husband not to mention the death in front of her for fear of breaking her heart,all her warnings are in vain.On the contrary,he mentions it over and over again.A last,she makes the determination to leave the house.Seeing this the husband tries to persuade her to stay,but his consolation is absolutely wrong.His pretext to stop her from leaving is that the quarrel between them may be overheard by passers-by.By and by,the smoldered rage bursts out like the erupting volcano.She departs her husband and rushes out.

By analyzing this poem,Frost’s opinion about the relation o human beings is exposed.He thought,between man and man,especially for modern people,there is always a kind of barrier existing in their hearts.No matter whom,the couple,friends or neighbors this kind of phenomenon would be found.It seems that there aren’t any true or pure emotions but the barriers,the contradictions and the suspects in their souls.When something unhappy happens though they have established very well-built relationship before they begin to build walls in their hearts and refuse to communicate with others;moreover,they stop others from approaching or getting in their lives.

3 Conclusion

In Robert Frost,the American people found their poet,their singer and their seer.Frost is a philosophical poet as well as a poe of profound simplicity.In the ripeness of his years,Robert Fros was acclaimed as few artists have been during their lifetime:his government officially recognized his greatness as man and poet,and critics hailed his poems as modern classics.Frost deliberately tries to make his blank verse smooth,easy,informal,and as much like common speech as possible,which can be understood by the average person.Frost holds that the idea should unfold as the poem progresses.Readers may discover that many of his poems begin as a seemingly simple narration of a seemingly simple incident,but end by suggesting meanings far beyond anything specifically referred to in the narrative.All of these things illustrate Frost’s belief that a poem begins in delight and ends in wisdom.His poems are shining stars in the sky of literature and philosophy which can arouse people’s enthusiasm to love the nature and illuminate modern peo-ple’s lives,though they are simple.

摘要：如果从20世纪美国推出一位民族诗人的话,那就是罗伯特·弗罗斯特。该文从语言、风格以及主题对他的几首哲理诗进行了简要分析,旨在展示其诗中蕴含的真理、智慧以及对现代生活的启示。

关键词：罗伯特·弗罗斯特,诗歌,哲理,智慧,寓深刻于简单

参考文献

[1]Cunliffe,Marcus.The Literature of Untied States[M].New York:Penguin,1986.

[2]Isaacs J.The Background of Modern Poetry[M].New York:E.P.Dutton,1992.

[3]程爱民.美国文学选读[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2004.

[4]金莉,张剑.文学原理教程[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004.

篇4：英文图像诗及其发展的三大历程

【关键词】听觉 视觉 图像 图像诗一、听觉时代的英文图像诗

诗歌的本质是语言的艺术，语言经历了口头语言和文字语言两个阶段。最初的诗歌都是巫师代神立言之“言”，尔后的民间诗歌也是口耳相传的，不管是任何民族的诗歌最初都是如此，概莫能外。语言的本质是听觉，诗歌也就是诉诸听觉的。

图像诗（concrete poetry）即用字母或单词排列成图案来表达思想感情的图案式有形诗体很显然是文字之后的产物，当人类创造了文字并用文字记录或写作诗歌时，诗歌就有了视觉维度。西方有研究者也指出，“诗最早是以纯粹的口头传播模式存在的，但是当诗人们将听到的诗用文字记录下来时，他们就对语言的视觉成分有了兴趣。”（王珂，2008）

从古希腊时代开始，就有诗人把文字符号组成各种图案的诗，如祭坛、沙漏、金字塔等，但其中大多数与诗的内容没有联系。西方第一个使用图形诗（figure poet）的据说是西米亚斯（Sinias），他以斧子、翅膀和鸡蛋为造型来写诗，这种习惯在中世纪偶尔也会出现。准确地说，这个时期的图像诗还是偏向于某种几何造型的pattern poetry。pattern poetry， also called figure poem， shaped verse， or carmen figuratum verse in which the typography or lines are arranged in an unusual configuration， usually to convey or extend the emotional content of the words. Of ancient （probably Eastern） origin， pattern poems are found in the Greek Anthology， which includes the works composed between the 7th century and the early 11th century.

在听觉为主导的时期，英文图像诗曾经历一个小高潮时期，虽然西方人早已经发明了文字，甚至15世纪，古登堡发明了印刷术，但当时听觉依然是诗歌的主导性感官。

二、视觉时代的英文图像诗

从文艺复兴时期开始，西方人的感知系统发生了重大转向，从中世纪以前以倾听神的话语转向对视觉的张扬。著名哲学家罗兰·巴尔特说：“在中世纪，最精微的、纯粹知觉的、那与世界建立起最为丰富接触的感官是听觉：视觉在触觉之后，只能列在第三位。然后，发生了一种反转：眼睛成为知觉的最高级器官。”（耿幼壮，2005）在诗歌领域，诗歌除了保留自身的听觉维度以外，视觉维度不断得到强化。到了17世纪，图形诗一度非常流行，特别是巴洛克艺术时期。巴洛克时期正是一个张扬视觉的时期。在此期间，印刷术的发明使得诗歌的传播转向书籍性的视觉传播。

象征主义诗歌的一个重要特征就是强调诗歌的视觉性，代表性诗人是前象征派诗人兰波（Arthur Rimbaud，1854—1891）。在兰波的《彩色十四行诗》（1871）问世后，“象征主义的象征”——马拉美（Stéphane Mallarmé，1842—1898）于1897发表了另一首奇诗：《骰子的一掷》（A Throw of Dice）。他把书页看成一个空白的世界，词语写上纸页就像打破沉默的声音颗粒，词语打破了纸页的沉默，就像声音打破沉默，词语占据一定的空间，但没有占领的空间同样重要，甚至更重要。具体就是运用字母的印刷技巧，充分发挥字母在印刷排版上的艺术功能，“把大小字母不等的词语有意地间隔、分散在空白的纸页上，以造成意念浮沉、思绪起伏与自然应和的神秘效果，目的是要引起机敏读者的深思和遐想，从而使诗的自我宇宙展现一种空濛境界并可以同真的宇宙争高下。”（葛雷、梁栋，1997）正如麦克卢汉说，“由于电力时代在19世纪晚期开始扎根，整个语言艺术世界开始追求诗歌的触觉图像特征和感知的相互影响。”（马歇尔·麦克卢汉，2000） 虽然视觉诗还不是完全意义上的图像诗，但对于英文图像诗的推动意义重大。

三、图像时代的英文图像诗

图像时代是视觉时代的强化，即人们感知的许多东西都要通过转换成图像来进行接受。准确地说，这时的英文图像诗应该叫“具像诗”：“poetry in which the poets intent is conveyed by graphic patterns of letters， words， or symbols rather than by the meaning of words in conventional arrangement.在20世纪，英文图像诗迎来了真正的繁荣和高峰，这就是“画诗”（poempicture）。“poempicture”是美国诗人E.E卡明斯用来指称自己诗作时提出的，以强调他诗作的绘画性，后来又有评论家用来评论米罗等画家的画作，以指出他们绘画的诗性。它是一种带有图画性质的诗歌，但是这种造型始终只是用词语来像绘画一样造型，它所造的“型”始终只是通过词语在想象中构造出来，而“画诗”则不同，“画诗”中的造型直接像绘画中用画笔画出来的造型，不通过词语的想象，直接通过眼睛就看到这个具体的型，它的视觉感更强。

卡明斯“画诗”几乎都是在打字机上进行印刷排版，他有时把两个以上的单词联在一起不留间隔以表示一种连续的运动或加速度；或把一个词用冒号、分号等打断以表达一种新的感受，甚至是捏造新词；或者把一个单词的自身的间隔和与其他单词的间隔拉大以表达一种时间滞留和空白感；大小写不分以打破常规；或干脆在诗的结尾不用句号以留下想象，如此等等，不一而足。他名传一时的诗作（《孤》，1958，注：标题被作者有意小写）就是试图把诗歌的“无形”变为“有形”，把看不见的“孤独”变成可以看见：

l（a孤

le （一

af 片

fa 树

ll 叶

s） 落

one下）

l 零

iness零

此诗曾使读者莫名其妙，但全诗的文字恢复原状为： loneliness a leaf falls，意为孤独像一片树叶的飘零。从诗意上来看，诗中将“一片树叶”的“落下”/“a leaf falls”穿插在“孤零零”/“loneliness”中，树叶在数量上的“一”片与“孤零零”以及落叶暗示出来的秋天的冷清与“孤零零”都达到了重叠暗合；从视觉效果上来看，单词字母从上垂直排列下来，模拟了树叶飘零而落的形态，与诗歌的意义又达到了重叠暗合。有研究者甚至拟想了字母与落叶相互协调的动态过程：树叶在风中落下“l（a”，叶片在旋转“le”，正面“af”，反面“fa”，随风直下“ll”，大幅度旋转“s”，被风平托着“one”，直落“l”，着地后横躺之状“iness”，即落在单词“孤独”“loneliness”上。（沈谦，1999）这不失一种诗意的解读，也是该诗的魅力所在。

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如果说《孤》这首诗的“有形”还不完全是视觉的刺激的话，他的其他诗就具有完全的视觉效果了。《蚱蜢》（r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r），标题本身首先就被毕加索立体画式的拆解了，grasshopper被拆解为r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r，中间的“-”使字母之间有一种跳跃感。在诗中，还被继续拆解为PPEGORHRASS和gRrEaPsPhOs，不仅秩序错乱，大小写混杂，读者在这些字母中去重组该单词，这就是毕加索那句名言“绘画是破坏的集成”的诗学应用。这样的排列又并非完全无意义的文字游戏，它的诗意为：蚱蜢在我们向上看时攒足劲儿跳跃，最终成为一个不同寻常的蚂蚱（As we look up now， r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r-who， gathering into a /the leap（s） and arriving become rearrangingly grasshopper）。该诗的诗性在于，它模拟了一只蚱蜢跳跃的瞬间，蚱蜢的跳跃使蚱蜢不失为一只蚱蜢。诗歌对“看”的兴趣明显大过了过去对“听”的追求。有好事者甚至将该诗置于线条的勾勒之中，复活了一只蚱蜢的形态：

此类诗歌就像是一种诗歌的图像化游戏，是对诗歌视觉化的一个产物。对事物呈现于纸上的热烈渴求必然会出现以下这样的诗作：

该诗是对一只“蜂鸟”的摹写，字母作大体对称的摹写，试图呈现一只蜂鸟张开双翼飞翔的姿态。蜂鸟是世界上最小的鸟，也是唯一能够向后飞的鸟，诗中写的是一种北美洲特有的“红喉北蜂鸟”（rubythroat），因其喉部长着一块红宝石（ruby）一样的羽毛而得名，诗人在诗中表达了他对蜂鸟的惊奇。如此这样的诗作还很多，诸如 “mOOn Over tOwns mOOn”（“小镇上明月高悬”） 这样诗句，就是利用大写印刷的“O”来拟写圆月，六个“O”给人以满眼明月之感。运用字母印刷来进行诗歌创作，在卡明斯之前的未来主义创始人马里涅蒂（F.T.Marinetti）那里就有过，他在《赞坦坦》（1912）中就曾以“ssssssssiii ssiissii ssiissssiiii”的字样来表达火车喷气而驰的状态。在卡明斯之后，这样试验的诗人依然很多，但都逐渐为形式而形式，受到先入为主的图像的束缚。

就“画诗”的发展来看，它可能不会走得太远。因为，当诗人心中已经先入为主地有一个要去创作的“图像”模块时，他就给自己预设了一个“语言的牢笼”（詹姆逊），会为“形式”而牺牲创作的自由，牺牲诗歌的自由表达。这种“画诗”不是诗歌的本质性品格，它是诗歌在追求绘画式的“图像”表达时出现的一个变异体，诗歌的本质是语言，不是图画的艺术。

【参考文献】

［1］王珂. 诗体学散论——中外诗体生成流变研究[M]. 上海：上海三联书店，2008：246.

［2］耿幼壮.破碎的痕迹——重读西方艺术史[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005：113.

［3］葛雷，梁栋.现代法国诗歌美学描述[M].北京：北京大学出版社，1997：112.

［4］[加]马歇尔·麦克卢汉.理解媒介——论人的延伸[M].何道宽译.北京：商务印书馆，2000： 307.

［5］沈谦.试论图像诗的体式结构作用[J]. 四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版），1999（01）.

篇5：英文励志诗

Try Try Again by T.H.Palmer

‘Tis a lesson you should heed，记住曾经的每一个教训

If at first you don’t succeed，如果一开始你没有成功

Try,try again;

再试一试！

Then your courage should appear,然后你就会更有勇气

For if you will persevere，因为如果你坚持下去

You will conquer,never fear

你就会征服它，不再恐惧

Once or twice,though you should fail,一次，两次，尽管会失败，Try,try again;

再试一试！

If you would at last prevail，如果你最终获胜

Try,try again;

再试一试！

If we strive,tis no disgrace

如果我们努力了，Though we do not win the race;

尽管我们没有赢得比赛，那也不丢脸

What should you do in the case?

在这种情况下你该怎么办？

Try,try again

再试一试！

If you find your task is hard，如果你发现你的任务艰巨，Time will bring you your reward,时间会带来你的回报的！

Try,try again

再试一试！

All that other folks can do，所有别人能做到的，Why,with patience,should not you?

为什么有如此毅力的你不能呢？

Only keep this rule in view:

只要把这条规则记住：

Try,try again.再试一试！

篇6：曼德拉就职演讲英文

我们最大的恐惧，不是我们的不足；

我们最大的恐惧，是我们有无穷的力量。

是我们的光芒不是我们的黑暗让我们惶恐。

我们会问：我是谁能配得上拥有这样非凡的才智、惊人的艳丽？ 其实，你为什么不可以？

你是神的孩子，你故作卑微，不足以服务这个世界；

你的畏缩，不能引领他人，让你周边的人感到安慰。我们出生是为了彰显上帝在我们心里面的荣耀，这份荣耀不是在某些人心里面，它是在每个人的心中； 当我们让自己光芒四射时，我们就不经意地容许他人做同样的事； 当我们从自己的恐惧中释放出来时，我们的存在也自动地解放了其他人。篇二：1994年南非总统尼尔森曼德拉就职演讲

1994年南非总统尼尔森曼德拉就职演讲 our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate.our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.we ask ourselves, who am i to be ？brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous? actually, who are you not to be? we were born to make manifest the glory of god that is within us.and as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same.from nelson mandela inauguration speech, 1994 我们最深的恐惧不是能力不够，我们最深的恐惧是能力超越了界限。扪心自问，我们想成为什么样的人？智者，天才，名人，伟人，事实上，哪一样你不能做到呢？我们生来就是为了证明上帝赋予了我们荣光，而我们让自己发出光芒，在不知不觉中，也感染了他人。(此版本为cctv6播放的中文配音版本的对应台词)我们最恐惧的不是我们做不到，我们最恐惧的是我们的能力无法估量，我们扪心自问，我是不是聪明的慷慨的，才华横溢和出类拔萃的？事实上你为什么不能这样呢？我们生来就是为了证明，上帝的光芒在我们身上，而我们让自己发出光芒，我们不知不觉中也赋予别人这样做的权利。篇三：纳尔逊·曼德拉语录 i have fought against white domination, and i have fought against black domination.i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live together in harmony with equal opportunities.it is an ideal which i hope to live for, and to see realised.but my lord, if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die.”

“我已经把我的一生奉献给了非洲人民的斗争，我为反对白人种族统治进行斗争，我也为反对黑人专制而斗争。我怀有一个建立民主和自由社会的美好理想，在这样的社会里，所有人都和睦相处，有着平等的机会。我希望为这一理想而活着，并去实现它。但如果需要的话，我也准备为它献出生命。”

——1964年，曼德拉被判终身监禁时的声明 我们通往自由之路是不可逆转的，我们不能让恐惧挡住道路，非种族化、团结民主的南非的普选权是和平及种族和谐的唯一途径。

——1990年2月11日，曼德拉出狱演讲 we enter into a covenant that we shall build the society in which all south africans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall, without any fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienable right to human dignity--a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world.我们立下誓约，要建立一个让所有南非人，不论是黑人还是白人，都可以昂首阔步的社会。他们心中不再有恐惧，他们可以肯定自己拥有不可剥夺的人类尊严——这是一个在国内及与其他各国之间都保持和平的美好国度。

——1994年的曼德拉总统就职演说

“death is something inevitable.when a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his country, he can rest in peace.i believe i have made that effort and that is, therefore, why i will sleep for the eternity.”

人固有一死。当一个人已经完成他对人民和国家的应尽义务之后，他便能安息。我已尽我所能，正因如此，我也能够安然长眠。

——1994年的曼德拉纪录片采访

“i was called a terrorist yesterday, but when i came out of jail, many people embraced me, including my enemies, and that is what i normally tell other people who say those who are struggling for liberation in their country are terrorists.i tell them that i was also a terrorist yesterday, but, today, i am admired by the very people who said i was one.”

我曾被叫做恐怖分子，但当我出狱之时，许多人拥抱我，包括我的敌人。我常常如此告诉那些把为自己国家的解放而奋斗者称作恐怖分子的人，我也曾被称为恐怖分子，但如今，那些称我为恐怖分子的人尊重我。

——2000年5月16日在电视节目“拉里?金沟通现场”上的讲话

“what counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived.it is what difference we have made to the lives of others that will determine the significance of the life we lead.”

生命的意义不仅是活着，而是我们给别人的生命带来了何种不同，这决定了我们人生的意义。——2002年5月18日于南非约翰内斯堡庆祝90岁生日演说

“education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

教育是最强有力的武器，你能用它来改变世界。

——2003年在南非威特沃特斯兰德大学的讲话

“for to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.”

无人生来会因肤色、背景、宗教而憎恨他人，憎恨是人们后天习得的。如果人们能学会恨，他们也能被教会去爱。因为对于人的心灵来说，爱比恨来的更加自然。

要想与敌人求和平，就需与敌人合作，然后他就会变成你的伙伴。

“the brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”

勇者并非指那些不感到害怕的人，而是那些能克服自身恐惧的人。

——曼德拉自传《漫漫自由路》 after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.当我们爬上一座高山时，我们会发现更多的高山。2.education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.教育是你可以用来改变世界的最强大的武器。3.for to be free is not merely to cast off ones chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.拥有自由并不仅仅意味着摆脱自身的枷锁，而且还意味着以一种尊重和提升他人自由的方式生活。4.i learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.the brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.我认为拥有勇气并不代表没有恐惧，而是战胜恐惧。因此勇敢者并非没有畏惧心理的人，而是征服畏惧心理的人。5.if you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head.if you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.如果你以一种外语和一个人交流，你的话只是进入他的大脑；如果你以他的母语和他交流，你的话深入他的内心。

如果你想与你的敌人友好相处，你必须和他工作。然后他会成为你的伙伴。

在我的国家我们通常先坐牢然后当总统。8.let there be work, bread, water and salt for all.但愿普天下所有的人有工作、面包、水和盐。9.the greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.活着最大的荣耀不在于从不摔倒，而在于每一次绊倒后再爬起来。10.we must use time wisely and forever realize that the time is always ripe to do right.我们必须明智地利用时间，永远要认识到想做正义的事时间总是成熟的 money wont create success, the freedom to make it will.创造成功，靠的不是金钱，而是拥有创造成功的自由。nelson mandela never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another.这片美丽的土地将永远、永远、永远不会再经历人对人的压迫。nelson mandela only free men can negotiate;prisoners cannot enter into contracts.your freedom and mine cannot be separated.只有自由的人才能谈判，身陷牢笼的人没有谈判的资格。你们的自由和我的自由是不可分割的。nelson mandela there can be no keener revelation of a societys soul than the way in which it treats its children.知晓一个社会的灵魂，就看这个社会对待小孩的方式，除此以外，没有更好的办法。

nelson mandela there is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountaintop of our desires.自由之路从不平坦，我们中的许多人都不得不一次又一次地穿过死神笼罩的山谷，才能抵达愿望的顶峰。

nelson mandela there is no passion to be found playing small-in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.本来能过得更精彩的生活，却勉强接受现状，满足于个人的生活，这毫无激情可言。nelson mandela there is no such thing as part freedom.不存在部分自由之说。

nelson mandela there is nothing like returning to a place that remains unchanged to find the ways in which you yourself have altered.回到一个未曾改变的地方，发现自己已经改变，没有什么这更美妙。nelson mandela we must use time wisely and forever realize that the time is always ripe to do right.我们必须明智地利用时间，必须永远意识到，主持公平正义的时机已经成熟。nelson mandela when the water starts boiling it is foolish to turn off the heat.水刚煮沸就关火，这很愚蠢。nelson mandela篇四：奥巴马在纪念曼德拉的演讲 中英文

奥巴马在曼德拉追悼会上的演讲 thank you.(applause.)thank you so much.thank you.to gra?a machel and the mandela family;to president zuma and members of the government;to heads of states and government, past and present;distinguished guests--it is a singular honor to be with you today, to celebrate a life like no other.to the people of south africa--(applause)--people of every race and walk of life--the world thanks you for sharing nelson mandela with us.his struggle was your struggle.his triumph was your triumph.your dignity and your hope found expression in his life.and your freedom, your democracy is his cherished legacy.it is hard to eulogize any man--to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person--their private joys and sorrows;the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminate someone’s soul.how much harder to do so for a giant of history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world.“i am not a saint,” he said, “unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.” it was precisely because he could admit to imperfection--because he could be so full of good humor, even mischief, despite the heavy burdens he carried--that we loved him so.he was not a bust made of marble;he was a man of flesh and blood--a son and a husband, a father and a friend.and that’s why we learned so much from him, and that’s why we can learn from him still.for nothing he achieved was inevitable.in the arc of his life, we see a man who earned his place in history through struggle and shrewdness, and persistence and faith.he tells us what is possible not just in the pages of history books, but in our own lives as well.mandela showed us the power of action;of taking risks on behalf of our ideals.perhaps madiba was right that he inherited, “a proud rebelliousness, a stubborn sense of fairness” from his father.and we know he shared with millions of black and colored south africans the anger born of, “a thousand slights, a thousand indignities, a thousand unremembered moments?a desire to fight the system that imprisoned my people,”

he said.but like other early giants of the anc--the sisulus and tambos--madiba disciplined his anger and channeled his desire to fight into organization, and platforms, and strategies for action, so men and women could stand up for their god-given dignity.moreover, he accepted the consequences of his actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice carries a price.“i have fought against white domination and i have fought against black domination.i’ve cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and [with] equal opportunities.it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to achieve.but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die.”(applause.)mandela taught us the power of action, but he also taught us the power of ideas;the importance of reason and arguments;the need to study not only those who you agree with, but also those who you don’t agree with.he understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a sniper’s bullet.he turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and his passion, but also because of his training as an advocate.he used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement.and he learned the language and the customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depend upon his.(applause.)mandela demonstrated that action and ideas are not enough.no matter how right, they must be chiseled into law and institutions.he was practical, testing his beliefs against the hard surface of circumstance and history.on core principles he was unyielding, which is why he could rebuff offers of unconditional release, reminding the apartheid regime that “prisoners cannot enter into contracts.and finally, mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit.there is a word in south africa--ubuntu--(applause)--a word that captures mandela’s greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye;that there is a oneness to humanity;that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.we can never know how much of this sense was innate in him, or how much was shaped in a dark and solitary cell.but we remember the gestures, large and small--introducing his jailers as honored guests at his inauguration;taking a pitch in a springbok uniform;turning his family’s heartbreak into a call to confront hiv/aids--that revealed the depth of his empathy and his understanding.he not only embodied ubuntu, he taught millions to find that truth within themselves.it took a man like madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well--(applause)--to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you;to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth.he changed laws, but he also changed hearts.for the people of south africa, for those he inspired around the globe, madiba’s passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate a heroic life.but i believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection.with honesty, regardless of our station or our circumstance, we must ask: how well have i applied his lessons in my own life? it’s a question i ask myself, as a man and as a president.the struggles that follow the victory of formal equality or universal franchise may not be as filled with drama and moral clarity as those that came before, but they are no less important.for around the world today, we still see children suffering from hunger and disease.we still see run-down schools.we still see young people without prospects for the future.around the world today, men and women are still imprisoned for their political beliefs, and are still persecuted for what they look like, and how they worship, and who they love.that is happening today.(applause.)we will never see the likes of nelson mandela again.but let me say to the young people of africa and the young people around the world--you, too, can make his life’s work your own.over 30 years ago, while still a student, i learned of nelson mandela and the struggles taking place in this beautiful land, and it stirred something in me.it woke me up to my responsibilities to others and to myself, and it set me on an improbable journey that finds me here today.and while i will always fall short of madiba’s example, he makes me want to be a better man.(applause.)he speaks to what’s best inside us.what a magnificent soul it was.we will miss him deeply.may god bless the memory of nelson mandela.may god bless the people of south africa.(applause.)译文：

谢谢诸位。（掌声）多谢诸位。谢谢你们。格拉萨·马谢尔及曼德拉的家人；祖马（zuma）篇五：曼德拉的演讲稿 94年就职演说