毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信（共8篇）
篇1：毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信
Dear leaders:
From freshman year, I pay particular attention to conscientiously study courses at the same time, efforts to improve training quality and ability to make full use of spare time and broaden the horizons of knowledge and improve the knowledge structure.In an increasingly competitive today, I firmly believe that only multi-level, all-round development and to master the professional knowledge of personnel, they are to meet social development needs and the needs of employers in order to remain invincible.Through the efforts I have received a scholarship to study in learning the same time, I actively participated in the activities of institutions, organizations, and “negative youth Mo,” speech in a full-house by the third.In the three years of study and life, I forge ahead, always ready to help others in style and performance to win the leadership, teachers and students of the trust and praise.And Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital in practice patients and their families during the height of praise.To see their hard work and sweat to pay in return for the rehabilitation of patients with a smile, this is the best reward for me.Despite the large number of candidates, I may not necessarily be the best.But I still very confident.“Wai-ming to be sincere Lord, to be held by Mingjun On.” To beg I do not trust, only to seek confidence-building action.Your hospital is willing to give me the opportunity to work in an attempt to put their own potential space, I will of due diligence, the best of my ability, so your satisfaction with the hospital, so patient satisfaction.Sincerely，Salute
people put themselves forward: xxx
篇2：毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信
Respect for school leadership:
Hello
I am a South China Normal University Foreign Languages Institute graduates, I have loved the work of teachers, but also very much hope that can work to your school.In XX, I have a xx by xx in the province entered the South China Normal University Department of Russian, I in the early high school when the school is English, so when entering the university in?
During the study at the university, it is not enough to just do a good job of learning, should develop their own multi-ability, I have students work in the department, which presided over?
Heavy academic universities I did not crush, cheerful personality to help me, the so-called “a Yichi, Man of the Road,” I will engage in peace?
From the sophomore year, after-school time, I began working in
home work, although the specialty is Russian, but I teach are English, by virtue of their down-to-earth British?
篇3：毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信
1 Literature Review
Some experts have studied the format problems of references in the English majors’theses (Zhong Weizhen&Huang Guowen, 1999;Liu Xinmin, 1999, 2001) without telling difference between the APA style and the MLA style.Then, Jiang Xin introduces the main writing styles of English theses, such as the APA style, the MLA style and the Chicago style, and their differences (Jiang Xin, 2002) .As we know, different styles are required according to different subjects.The APA style is popular in the fields of psychology, sociology, economics etc and is widely adopted in the linguistics (Liu Xingbing and Yu Gongmao, 2007) .“Theses in the field of applied linguistics require that the manuscript be typed in the format described in a manual published by the American Psychological Association (APA) ” (Wen Qiufang, 2004, p.297) .Liu and Yu introduce the APA reference style from the aspects of abbreviation, order and format (Liu Xingbing and Yu Gongmao, 2007) .Meanwhile, the MLA style, described by Modern Language Association, is widely used in the humanities, especially literature and art (Jiang Xin, 2003) , and fully described by Ren Xiaojin (Ren Xiaojin, 1997) .
Although a lot of relevant studies have been done, it is still far from the popularization of the standard reference style in the English majors’graduation papers.Moreover, the previous studies just focus on the format problems of references without discussing the in-depth relation between references and academic honesty.Through a detailed survey, this paper focuses on the common problems of references, not only on the format problems but also on the academic cheating in the English majors’graduation papers, and analyzes the causes and provides some suggestions.
2 Research Design
43 English Majors'graduation papers from a university in the northwest of China were chosen as the samples.They covered the main English research fields including literature and linguistics.
A survey was conducted in the following three steps.Firstly, according to the different styles they should follow, they were classified into two main types, papers on literature and papers on linguistics including translation, applied linguistics and intercultural communication.There are 29 papers on linguistics which should follow the APA style while the other 14 papers on literature should follow the MLA style.
Second, two types of papers were respectively surveyed according to the different standards, that is, the APA style and the MLA style.There were three focuses in this survey.The first focus of the survey was whether it concluded complete information.The second focus of the survey was whether there were some common problems in the format and if there were, what were they.The third focus of the survey was how many papers had the problem of inconsistency between the references or works cited list and the in-text citations because both the references list in APA and the works cited list in MLA contain that are referred to in the papers, no more or no less.However, a bibliography in MLA includes all the work consulted in the writing process.
At last, gather the data of the two types and present it in the tables and analyze it.
3 Research Results
3.1 Common problems in linguistic papers following APA format
3.1.1 Incomplete information
A reference in APA style includes the information about the author, the date, the title of the cited materials and the publication which is the information of the publication place and publisher for a book and the journal name, volume, issue number and pages for a journal.Though this survey, 41.4%of the samples failed to provide complete information about the sources.For the books, the place of publication and the publisher were most likely lost.For example:
*Hinkel, E.2001.Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning.Cambridge University Press.
For the journal articles, the volume, the issue number and the page range were likely absent.For example:
*Chomsky, N. (1 959) ."Review of Verbal Behavior by B.F Skinner".Language
3.1.2 The problems in format were shown in Table 2
All of papers in the survey had the problems of capitalization.In APA style, capitalize only the first letter of the title, but all of the students capitalized the first letter of major words in the title.E.g.
*Rubin, J. (1987) .Learner strategies:Theoretical Assumptions, Research History and Typology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall
100%of students didn’t indent the subsequence line or lines five spaces from the left margin when an entry runs more than one line.93.1%of the students used the improper title“Bibliography”rather than“References”.93.1%of the students didn’t underline the titles of books and journals.65.5%of students didn’t order the references alphabetically by authors’surnames.
3.1.3 Inconsistency between the references list and the in-text citations
One of the common problems in linguistic papers is the inconsistency between the references list and the in-text citations.There are two kinds of mistakes.69.0%of the reference lists contained the surplus entries which were not cited in the paper.34.4%of students lost the cited work (s) when they compiled their references lists.
3.2 Common problems in literature papers following MLA for-mat
The students may more familiar with the MLA style, so the problems in MLA papers are less than those in APA ones.What’s more, most of students used the title“Bibliography”which includes all of the consulted works in the process of writing rather than“Works Cited”, the problem of inconsistency is not so outstanding as the one in APA style.
3.2.1 Incomplete information
The references in MLA style contain the same information as the ones in APA style, but the information of the data is arranged at the end.In the samples, 57.1%of them failed to provide complete information about the sources.The mistakes are similar with the ones in APA style.
3.2.2 The problems in MLA format were shown in Table 3:
The students in this survey made fewer mistakes in MLA style.
There were some similar problems in punctuation, order, indentation and underlining as in APA style.Look at this example:
*Gillie, Christopher, Longman Companion to English Literature, London:Longman Group Limited, 1978
In this example, this student indented the subsequence line two spaces from the left margin rather than five spaces in standard.Three periods should be used in the end of every part of information, but this student used commas.What’s worse, he italicized the title but didn’t underline it according to the standard format.
4 Suggestions and Limitations
4.1 Design special course to popularize the standards in APA and MLA format
The students failed to provide complete information of the sources and present in the standard format because they were not familiar with the APA and MLA format.What’s worse, some students didn’t differentiate the APA style from the MLA style.In order to help the students to compile the standard reference or works cited list, special course should be given.In such a special course, the common formats of a reference or works cited list are briefly but clearly described.
4.2 Remind of students to keep the academic honesty in mind and be consistent between the in-text citations and the references or works cited list The inconsistency between the reference or work cited list and
The inconsistency between the reference or work cited list and the in-text citations includes two kinds of mistakes.On the one hand, the reference or work cited list contains the surplus entries which are not cited in the text.On the other hand, some works cited in the text are absent from the reference or work cited list.Both of these behaviors violate the academic honesty, no matter intentionally or not.
There are two reasons for the surplus entries.They may confuse a bibliography and a references or works cited list.What’s more, some students add the surplus entries in order to make the list longer which is a typical kind of academic cheating.The reason for omitted references may be the writers’carelessness.They may forget the sources of the citations without any record.
To keep away the academic cheating, a bibliography should be differentiated from references or works cited list at first.“A bibliography may include any work that you have consulted during your research which may not be cited in your thesis” (Wen Qiufang, 2004, p.260) .It is usually preferred when compiling a book.In the APA style, a thesis requires a reference list, which only contains cited works that are referred to in the thesis, rather than a bibliography (Wen Qiufang, 2004) .In the MLA style, the title Works Cited is most appropriate for a paper and as the heading Works Cited indicates, this list contains all the works that are cited in the text.Secondly, a working bibliography including all the relevant materials should be produced before writing.In the process of writing, take a record about the works which have been referred to in the text on the bibliography.When finishing the body of paper, compile the references or works cited list according to the record and have a check at last.In this way, a references or works cited list is the exact one, no more or no less.
4.3 Limitation
Because samples in the research are limited, this paper just focuses on the most common problems and there are many other problems of references without being mentioned in this paper.More detailed studies can be carried on in the future.
参考文献
[1]Gibaldi J.MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers[M].5th ed.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Press, 2001.
[2]Wen Qiufang.Applied Linguistics Research Methods and The-sis Writing[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Re-search Press, 2004.
[3]蒋新.英美学术论文文献的几种主要引文方式[J].图书与情报, 2003 (3) :26-30.
[4]刘新民.英语论文写作规范[J].大连外国语学院学报, 1999 (8) :33-43.
[5]刘新民.再谈英语论文写作规范[J].外语与外语教学, 2001 (4) :30-32.
[6]刘兴兵, 余功茂.英语论文APA格式评介[J].郧阳师范高等专科学校学报, 2007, 27 (2) :75-82.
[7]任晓晋.英语论文MLA格式要求评介[J].武汉大学学报 (哲学社会科学版) , 1997, 5 (232) :116-120.
篇4：毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信
关键词：英文摘要；衔接；连贯；英语专业
[中图分类号]H030
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1006-2831（2013）02-0136-6 doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-2831.2013.01.033
1. 引言
摘要是对正文简洁而完整的描述，同时又是独立于正文的语篇（Tippet， 2004）。早在20世纪70年代，国际上就已公布并不断更新了关于学术论文摘要写作规范的统一标准，从最初的国际标准（ISO）214-1976到之后的国际标准（ISO）5966等。随后我国也在80年代发布了国家标准GB7713-87等以规范学术论文摘要的格式与内容。摘要作为导读性语篇很大程度上左右了读者对整篇论文的第一印象，因此，对于学术论文来说摘要是至关重要的一部分。随着学术论文摘要得到越来越多的关注，国内外学者对学术论文摘要的研究角度也日趋多样（如：语用学，文体学角度等），形式愈加丰富，包括各类语篇的摘要研究，不同语种的摘要对比研究等，如：Day（1995）和Patrick（2003）分别探讨了科技论文摘要和会议摘要的特点；张春芳（2009）等中国学者对英汉学术论文摘要的异同进行了深入研究。
中国学生英文摘要写作出现的问题中除了语法词汇等基础语言错误外，最大的一个问题就是衔接与连贯。摘要作为独立的语篇绝不只是将文章的主要内容一条条排列出来，更重要的是运用各种衔接手段，围绕论文的中心思想撰写出意义连贯条理清晰的短文。国内许多专家学者从各方面对中国学生的英文摘要进行了研究和探讨，其中不乏真知灼见。然而，这些研究考虑到语料搜集的方便，大都以各专业硕士及以上学位论文或学术期刊的摘要为研究对象，如曹振中（2006）等对语言学学术期刊的英文摘要进行了分析探讨，但对于英语专业本科生这个特殊的群体却缺乏关注。笔者认为，英语专业的本科毕业论文中出现的衔接与连贯问题及特点，恰恰最能反映中国学生的英文摘要中衔接与连贯的普遍问题及特点。原因有二：其一，英语专业本科生的英文摘要中出现的基础语法词汇错误较少，很好地排除了语法错误对衔接与连贯问题的干扰；其二，与研究生相比，本科生通常缺乏系统的学术规范教育，对摘要并无深刻的理解或体会，而毕业论文是其第一次学术写作，因此，其中的衔接连贯特点差异性更小，共性更大，且具有学术论文写作初学者的普遍性，有助于为摘要写作教学提出相应的解决措施。
本文选择中国英语专业本科毕业论文的英文摘要作为研究对象，运用韩礼德的衔接理论（Halliday & Hasan， 1976）及Fries（1983）的主位推进理论，对其中存在的衔接与连贯问题及特点进行分析，并探索其原因，以期为提高中国学生的英文摘要写作水平尽一份绵薄之力。
2. 理论框架与研究方法
韩礼德与哈桑的《英语的衔接》（Cohesion in English， 1976）中将英语中的衔接手段分为两类：词汇衔接（Lexical cohesion）与语法衔接（Grammatical cohesion），其中语法衔接包括照应（Reference），省略（Ellipsis），替代（Substitution）和连接（Conjunction）。每一种衔接又可继续细分为不同类型。
衔接是体现语篇连贯的一个重要条件，但并非唯一的条件。语篇的连贯不仅与语言内部的因素有关，还受外部因素的影响，如作者、读者的共识等。除衔接手段外，本研究还将探讨语篇连贯中的另外两个重要内部因素：话题与主位推进模式。一段独立的语篇要做到连贯必须有一个中心话题，语篇中的语句都紧紧围绕这一话题展开（朱永生，1996）。而Fries（1983）将语篇中主位推进模式分为四种类型：主位同一型；述位同一型；延续型和交叉型。通常情况下一个语篇可能会使用多种主位推进模式，而同一类语篇则会有共同的倾向性。
本研究从某高校05，06，07三届的英语专业本科毕业论文的英文摘要中分别随机抽取30份，共90份，建立一个小型的英文摘要语料库。首先，对90例语料（约18000字）逐字逐句进行分析，找出所有衔接手段和错误，计算并统计使用的各种衔接手段及出现错误的频率等。最后，对语料的话题展开情况和主位推进模式逐一进行分析，统计后得出语篇连贯的主要特点和趋势。
3. 结果与讨论
3.1 衔接手段
90例语料中共发现1718处衔接，其中有68处衔接错误。各种衔接手段及错误的分布如表1所示：
上表数据显示：所抽取的英语专业本科毕业论文的英文摘要总体来说，衔接手段使用较多，平均每100字中有9.54处使用衔接手段。也就是说，假设每篇摘要200词，约10句话，平均每篇摘要有19处衔接，即每句有将近2处衔接。其中最主要的衔接手段是词汇衔接，达到62.51%，省略及替代手段较少，分别占所有衔接手段的3.61%和2.44%。此外，摘要中也出现了一些衔接错误，但数量较少且集中在省略和连接两种手段中，其出现频率分别为0.11，和0.08（每100字）。同时在错误统计的过程中，还发现衔接错误集中在其中的19篇摘要中，大部分摘要并无衔接错误。
3.1.1 词汇衔接
词汇衔接是指语篇中出现的一部分词汇相互之间存在语义上的联系，包括重复、泛指和相似（胡壮麟，1994）。其中，词汇重复是最直接的方式。相似不仅包括同义或近义词，还包括反义和下义词。泛指则是将前文中的概念用一些泛指的词汇替代。语料分析统计后，共发现1074处词汇衔接，其分布如下表所示：
表2数据显示：所选的摘要中使用最多的词汇衔接手段是重复，占词汇衔接总数的81.84%。重复是英语学习者在写作中最容易掌握也最常使用的一种词汇衔接手段，但摘要篇幅短小而内容丰富，因此，如过度使用重复衔接，会造成句式单一且文体不正式的后果。例如：
（1） <1>Eating is something very daily routine， and it also contains a profound influence. <2>Eating etiquette as a cultural category is effected by religion， history， and economics from different countries. <3>Therefore， different countries are also having different eating etiquette， and it is shows on the style of eating a meal， seating arrangements， the order of serving dishes， drinking wine， and the rite of having a meal. <4>In this essay， Chapter two and Chapter three distinguish the difference between dining and drinking etiquette for the formal occasions in United Kingdom and China. <5>As China is a country with 5000 years history and abundant cultural heritage， in Chapter two， the essay introduce a special word “Face” which belongs to the Chinese culture. <6>Face is an essential component of the Chinese national psyche. <7>“Face” is a sensitive word which uses frequently during the Chinese dinner. <8>The reasons why causes all these difference is also one of the aspects this easy （essay， typing mistake） focus on. <9>A variety of food and different society atmosphere are the leading reasons in all. <10>Chapter four gives a deep analysis to these two issues. <11>Cultural difference， traditions and the environment make all the difference in eating etiquette. <12>All in all， knowing other countries eating etiquette could help us form a point on our countrys dignity than respect others custom.
该例共有22处重复衔接（斜体标出），其中有些重复是多余且能够避免的，如第<6>，<7>句中的两个face，可以通过合并两个句子来避免不必要的重复。又如这篇摘要中共使用4个different 和4个difference来表达“不同、差异”，这样的重复衔接死板而累赘，此时不妨使用其他表达不同的同义词，即使用相似衔接手段。
重复使用过度主要有三个原因：一是作者仅仅将论文的主要思想简单罗列在摘要中，并没有把摘要当做独立的语篇进行撰写，从而导致形式上的衔接过度；二是受英文表达水平的限制，写作过程中用中文思考，丰富多彩的表达转换成英文时变得贫乏；三是汉语常常省略一些英语中不可或缺的成分，由于英语专业学生语法基础很好，为了符合语法，将中文思考的句子转换成英文时会直接添上缺少的成分，而不是改变句式。
3.1.2 照应
照应，又称指称，是回指某个上文提到过的单位或意义的语言学单位（胡壮麟，1994），包括内指指称和外指指称。摘要虽然是独立的语篇，但它作为正文的缩写，与正文有着密切的关系，通常由外指指称来实现，例如：the essay； the thesis； the paper等，其中的定冠词the就是外指指称，然而，这种外指指称与摘要本身的衔接连贯无关。因此，本研究分析的照应仅包括内指指称，即对摘要内部的衔接连贯有所贡献的照应，结果如表3所示：
篇5：模具专业毕业生的英文自荐信
respect yourpany leadership:
how do you do! first of all thank you for taking the time to see my letter of application.
i am wuhan erqing industrial technical school graduates of the class of xx. i love die the professional and its input for the high energy and enthusiasm.
in the three years of technical school life, i work hard, and strive to up, study hard foundation and professional knowledge, after school time positive to broaden their knowledge, and take an active part in school in various sports activities. as was about to step out of the school, to social jijiaosheng, i full of passion and confidence to meet all of this.
in todays society need high quality talents, so i always pay attention to own improve, and build a reasonable knowledge structure. in the mold and numerical control (nc) has a profound theoretical foundation, and mechanical drawing, mechanical process, tolerance fit, machinery manufacturing, professional mathematics, mechanical processing,puter graphics and so on various aspects have certain base.
篇6：市场营销专业毕业生英文自荐信
Hello!First of all, thank you for your busy schedule in the time available for taking the written this.My name is XXX, a XXX forthcoming from the School of Marketing students graduate next year in June I will graduate and undergraduate management.Your organization are informed of the recent recruitment of talent, I am confident in my four years of university study and the work of training qualified for the job.Through three years of study and training, I have a solid professional knowledge and skills techniques.In college, I have access to scholarships, participation in school and outside the organized activities of the overall quality of the process of expansion has been a good lot of training and results achieved.In professional learning at the same time do a good job, I also actively participate in the work of college students, students in the service as well as training its own organization and coordination ability and team spirit of collaboration and work through these exercises so that I formed a very strong sense of responsibility and dedication, down-to-earth efforts to develop a good habit for every one thing, tradition of hard work, honesty and credit quality, self-confident personality and the spirit of practical work.I have a good standard of English, in January 2008 passed a national examination in English 4, with good writing skills and oral reading ability.I have very good computer knowledge and ability, and in September 2006 successfully passed the national examination two computers.I can skillfully related to Xp operating system on the network technology is also more understanding and proficiency in office software Office, especially Word, Excel, powerpoint, can use QB, VFp and VB programming language, and proficiency in the use of photoshop for graphic processing and graphic design.In addition, I can use Dream wear, Fireworks and other software-related work.Four years of training through the University, I formed a valuable quality of the two, one is progressive, one is adhering to.I believe that these qualities will help me in the future work and learning to overcome difficulties and strengthen their confidence and willing to challenge.I very much hope to become a member of your organization, in collaboration with colleagues in each other, learn from each other, seek common progress, for development, but also for their own growth and development of our work.Attached to my resume, once again thank you for taking the time to check my resume, thank you!
Sincere wish the leadership of good health and smooth work, your company(unit)development of better!
篇7：毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信
How do you do!
Thank you for your busy schedule to review my cover letter, want to give me a chance.
My name is xxx, is xx Pharmaceutical Engineering graduates 20XX. University of 4 years, I learned the system, pharmaceutical preparations, pharmaceutical technology, drug analysis, etc., in its pharmaceutical preparations not only know how, production technology, quality analysis, but also to understand the application of engineering and technology capacity, at the same time, I have a strong English listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, there are four CET certificate, two computers through the provincial exams, can skilled use of common office software and networks.
I grew up in the hospital from a young age is my sass firms determination to apply for the Chinese medicine profession, I believe that the pharmacy profession is the sunrise industry of the 21st century, with a bright future in particular.
While reading in the science, but I am a good liberal arts foundation, there are some good text. Like the Chinese medicine profession, professionals prefer to read popular science books and other reading materials.
In school, I also actively participated in various community organizations, such as love Hua agency, radio stations, but also as a number of small office and joined the party, the practice so that I know how to live in harmony with people, but also I am a more pragmatic, more responsibility, I believe that this is an important experience in my life and a valuable asset.
I believe that fate, if it can be won your appreciation, give me a chance, I will be grateful, some serious, down-to-earth, hard work, sincerity and performance with the return of your love.
I hope that the leadership can be taken into account for me, I eagerly look forward to hearing from you.
篇8：毕业生商务英语专业-英文自荐信
关键词：高自考,英语类专业,毕业率,影响因素
In current China,the Self-Study Examination(SSE)has the biggest scale in the open higher education,and it was called“the university without fences”.The SSE adopts credit hours accumulation system;it needn’t entrance examination and have not the limits of enrollment number and length of schooling.The examinees can get credits as they pass one exam;if they failed they can retake the exam innumerable times and can graduate as they have got enough credits.The SSE was set by Self-Study Examination Committee(SSEC),it choose a university with numerous teaching resources as examination authority to draw up the plan of specialized courses exams and select the text books.The examinations of all subjects can be divided into national exam and provincial exam,a large scale national exam opens to all examinees will be held in every April and October,an examination with smaller scale opens to the SSE Lecture Class(SSELC)students only will be held in each January and July.The process of examine and scoring are as strict as the university entrance examination so it has earned great public trust(SSEC of Guangdong 2006:1-9).
Since SSE started in 1981,48 million people have took it and more than 8.5 million people have got the degree by the year 2008.The average graduation rates of junior college stage and undergraduate stage are about 17.7%,and the undergraduate stage alone is just about 8%.The years of 2000 is the highest peak of SSE,at that time the number of examinees had reached 14 million people after that it went down year by year,in 2006 the number had become 9.5 million people(Gedaokai 2008.:OL).
Influenced by the Olympic Games and the World Expo,the English major(including the concentrations of English,Business English,Commercial English and English Education)is always one of the hottest majors,and has a lot of applicants.But because English is not the native language of examinees,many exams are state and provincial exams and the practice assessments(the English Listening,Spoken English and Graduation Proficiency Examination)are very hard to pass,so the graduation rate of this major is much lower than other major.I started to take the SSE in English major of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(GDUFS)as a off-campus examinee(the examinees who are not take the SSELC most of them are studying on-job,and can only take the exams hold in each April and October)at eleven years old.I totally self-studied and my SSE lasted 5.5 years,I graduated from university in 2009 and got the bachelor degree.Due to nobody instruct lack the self-study and registration experiences,I have passed after took the exam two times.I deeply realized the importance o self-study strategies and experienced the pain and pleasure o SSE.
There are nearly 60 thousand people in Dongguan City to take the SSE each year(Sina 2006:OL),among them more than 2 thousand examinees choose the English major,9 hundred of them are in undergraduate stage,but the city doesn’t has SSELC.According to the information disclosed by the GDUFS,since it started to award the Bachelor of Arts(BA)in English major in December2006,only 13 examinees from Dongguan City have got the degree until December 2010,3 to 4 each year and the annual average graduation rate is less than 0.5%.The undergraduate graduation rate is no more than 1%,that is much lower than the national annual average rate(8%),and examinees usually need 8 to 10 years or even longer to graduate.
1 The current situation of SSE
Most of the SSELC students are students with low grades from the technical secondary school,secondary vocational school and regular high school;many of them have failed the university entrance examination.They haven’t strong faith in study and feel inferior(Shi Zhangqing,Zhang Anna2004:636).Many SSELC students was born in 1990s and spoiled by their parents,they usually self-centered,feel inferior,skip class,hang on the internet and lack learning target and motivation.Less than 30%students can hold on to take the SSE in the fourth year,others would give up or drop out(Zhu Jiongjun2009:OL).
A lot of the SSELC students cannot adapt to the learning style in the college that focus on self-study,in addition,the SSE textbooks are rich in contents,the scope of exam is very wide so the pass rate is very low,this makes the students feel very anxious.Even many students have not focus on study but on surfing the Internet and dating(Liu Daqiao 2006:32).The SSELC are in disorder situation,they just seek nothing but profit and no regulatory mechanism have regulated them effectively.Most teachers in the SSELC are part-time,they don’t fully understand the textbook,haven’t the sense of responsibility and their teaching level is low(Lin Caizhi2010:41-43;Wang Xiulu2007:86).
An responsible officer of the SSE Office in Hubei Province has said:“The pass rate of SSE is just 10%!”He also has analyzed:“In the SSE,the national exam account for more than 60%,anyone who want to find out the key parts are just like look for a needle in the ocean.But it is also the embodiment of the value of SSE!”(Hubei SSE Website 2005:OL).
The national average graduation rate of SSE is 17.7%,it is undoubtedly very low compare with the graduation rate of regular university students.
From 1981 to 2008,1.5 million examinees had took the SSE in Chongqing City,but only one hundred five thousand examinees got the degree in the 27 years,the average graduation rate is about10%(Li Guo2009).
In 2008,the number of examinees in Guangdong Province reached 3.4 million,among them,443,900 examinees have got the degree and the average graduation rate is 11%(Dong Xin2009:SD01).The SSE graduation rate of the junior college stage and undergraduate stage in Fujian Province is about 23%,the undergraduate graduation rate alone is 9%(Fujian SSE Office2010:3).
In Jiangxi Province,25 years have passed since the SSE was first held in 1984,during this period,1.8 million people have took it and two hundred four thousand have graduated both from the junior college stage and bachelor stage(the graduation rate is13.3%).The graduation rate of SSELC in non-English majors with high teaching level is 40~50%(Huang Juyan2009).
More than 2 thousand examinees take the SSE English Major each time in Dongguan City,Guangdong Province,but the undergraduate graduation rate is just about 1%,the degree completion rate is around 0.5%.
The Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(GDUFS)is the only institution in charge of set exam papers for SSE English Major in Guangdong Province,its Open College was set up in 1999 and has an independent campus,and its enrollment has reached more than 5 thousand students.Most of the SSELC of English major in Guangdong Province are in the GDUFS Open College and more than one thousand students enroll in each year,students of this college was called SSELC students and can take the all types of exams hold in each January,April,July and October.
There are 21 classes(one class has more than 50 students)and more than a thousand students should graduate in 2009,but actually there are just a little more than one hundred people have graduated,and around 50 people have got the degree.The 4-year degree completion rate is just about 5%,the graduation rate is around 10%,but the graduation rate of other subjects is around 30to 40%(GDUFS SSE Office2010:OL).
Tianjin Foreign Studies University(TJFSU)is the only institution in charge of set exam papers for SSE English Major in Tianjin City,among the 13 subjects of SSE English major(international trade concentration)in its Open College,the exam paper of 6 subjects were set and graded by the school itself(TJFSU Open College2008).The TJFSU are also insist the small class teaching with25 students in one class,this make near 30%students can graduate,so the pass rate is on a relatively high level.But its enrollment number have dropped from more than 20 classes and 7 to 8 hundred students each year to 5 to 6 classes and 1 to 2 hundred students as well(Ma Jian2010:126).
Because the SSE is hard to pass and its graduation rate is low,the SSE Office in each province has started to reform to raise the graduation rate.In 2009,the Tianjin City has begun to reform undergraduate stage and junior college stage of these five majors:English,Accounting,Law,Business Administration and Chinese.After the examinees have learned the courses of these majors on Internet and passed the computer-based test,the test score will account for30%in the total points(Caosheng Training http://www.etctj.com).In 2010,the Chengdu Polytechnic was chosen to be the first pilot school in Sichuan Province to reform the procedure of SSE;the regular grades will be accounted 30%of total points(Zhou Bo2010:A05).
2 Purpose and significance of research
Since the graduation rate is too low,the SSE Office hasn’t released the data about it.This research investigate the graduation rate and its influence factors to bring up a plan and make suggestions to raise the graduation rate and shorten the time to graduate by document analysis,questionnaire survey and interview.
3 Research Ideas and Methods
3.1 Research Ideas
The research will look into the current study situation of graduation rate and the English major by literature review at first.Then to obtain the data of the SSE graduation rate and its influence factors by the self-made questionnaires and interview outline,and draw the conclusions and countermeasures after analyzed the data.
3.2 The Survey Samples
The survey population for this research is the SSE English Major examinees,the survey samples are the students in their third or fourth year major in English and Business English in the Open College of GDUFS,English majors(international trade concentration)of TJFSU and also the off-campus examinees in English major in Dongguan City.150 people in total that include 50 people from each part were chose randomly to issue the questionnaire.Besides,the 149 bachelor degree recipients who attended the degree-awarding ceremony at GDUFS at July 4th,2010 were also included in the survey,thus the total number of sur-vey respondents are 299 people.They have experienced the arduousness and hardships of SSE and very familiar to it.
30 questionnaires were handed out to test the usability and all of them were retrieved.After modified,the 300 formal questionnaires were issued and 282 of them were collected back,among them 273questionnaires could be used(156for SSELC students and 117 for off-campus examinees),the response rate is 94%,and the usability rate is 91%.
3.3 Research Tools
This study collected the original data by questionnaire survey and interview;the raw data would be analyzed by SPSS17.0.
3.3.1 The compilation of ques-tionnaire
The testing questionnaire was designed and tried out in a small scale,after it was modified according to the feedback,The Questionnaire about the Situation of SSE English Major was drawn up.The part of characters in questionnaire had referred to The Psychological Test Questionnaire about Chinese College Students.
3.3.2 The reliability and validity of questionnaire
The SPSS 17.0 was used to test the internal consistency reliability but the items about the basic situations of examinees and without options,the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.891.The half-split reliability coefficient is 0.757 and after adjusted by the Spearman-Brown formula it have became to 0.853,these data show the questionnaire has a good reliability.
All the items were closely around the goal to survey the graduation rate and its influence factors.The whole questionnaire could be divided into 10 dimensions and all the dimensions are proportionate.After spread in a small scale,the questionnaire was modified under the direction of tutor,the ambiguous and uncorrelated items were sorted out,and thus the questionnaire has a good content validity.
3.3.3 The interview
The research designed the interview outline and chose 15 degree recipients and candidates randomly which include 5 students from the SSELC of GDUFS and TJUFS respectively and 5 off-campus examinees from Dongguan City.Its purpose was to look into some facts that could not figure out through questionnaire by face–to–face individual interview and group interview.
4 Research Results and Analyze
4.1 The overall situation of graduation rate
According to the survey results,the graduation rate of SSELC students in different areas and schools is difffernt,the 4-year graduation rate is 10 to 15%and 20 to 30%in 5-year;the degree completion rate will be 5%lower.The 1.5 to 2-year dropout rate is around 20 to 40%,most examinees who cannot graduate in 6 years will give up,and so the graduation rate will increase rarely.But the graduation and degree completion rate of non-English major students will be 10 to 15%higher than English major,and the dropout rate will be 10 to 20%lower.
Depending on different regions,the undergraduate graduation rate of the off-campus English major examinees is 1 to 5%and most examinees need 8 to 10 years to graduate,even some of them have took 13 years to graduate.While the undergraduate graduation rate of non-English majors is 8 to 10%and most examinees need 6 to 8 years to graduate.
4.2 The situation of examinees
According to the questionnaire,the Han Chinese examinees account for 95%and female cover 90%,most of them are young people from countryside in neighboring provinces who come to Tianjin and Guangdong to find job,other data see
below.
The SPSS was used to test the data of the time to graduate,the percentage of only child,the proportion of graduates from city high schools,their college entrance exam scores and scores of subject test in English,the test results are P=0.000<0.001,which is statistically significantly different.
The SSELC students’percentage of only child and graduates from city high schools is higher;this shows their high school bases are better and graduation rate also higher.
4.3 The time to graduate and effective learning time
According to the survey results,10%of SSELC students can graduate in 4 years and more than 50%in 4 to 5 years.But near50%of the off-campus examinees need 8 to 9 years to
graduate,20%need more than 10 years,their time to graduate is almost 2 times longer than SSELC students and their daily effective study time is just half of the SSELC students.But the total study time required to graduate is very close,5000 hours of study were needed to get the associate degree and bachelor degree respectively and 10000 hours to get both the associate and bachelor degree(see
After contrast the data of degree candidates and degree recipients in SPSS,the result have shown that P=0.000<0.01,the hypothesis that the effective study time is an influence factor was verified.The data also shows the daily average effective study time of degree recipient is 20%longer than the degree-seeking examinees,which is 1 hour longer per day,500 hours per year and more than 2000hours in 4 years.For many dropouts,what they lack maybe is the willpower that to study one more hour per day.
4.4 The motivation and faith of self-study
90%of examinees choose to take the SSE due to“it needn’t entrance examination”,less than 20%are due to the interest of English studying.80%of the examinees are lack the self-studyability;they believe the SSE israther hard and they choose totake it just because there are noalternative choice.Most examin-ees study in a major that theydon’t like just for finding a job,so they have little enthusiasm tostudy.The hypothesis that thepersonal interests and hobbiesare the influence factors of thegraduation rate was verified.“A strong study motive is aprerequisite to study well;if themotive level is higher the effectwill be better”(Zhang Dajun83).The attitude to life decide yoursuccess or failure(Li Zhim-ing2008:23).But 70%of the de-gree-seeking examinees whostill haven’t graduate are lackthe strong faith in self-study andhave no confidence to face theexam.However,over 90%of thedegree recipients think the biggest harvest they’ve got from SSE is“have improved the self-study ability and achieved a strong will”.The hypothesis that the ideal and belief and the attitude toward lifeare the most important influence factors to the graduation rate havegot verified.
*AtoB:associate degree to bachelor degree.HtoB:high school to bachelor degree.
4.5 The situation of SSELC students
90%of the SSELC students are not satisfy the studying and learning environment for the lack of classroom,the poor environment and too many people in the dormitory to disturb each other.70%of the SSELC students are not satisfy the teachers,they think the teachers haven’t instructed them to master the study methods and testing techniques and also haven’t helped them to cultivate the ability of listening and speaking English.
Each SSELC in GDUFS has 50 students,and it is normal to combine 2 to 3 classes to be a combined class,especially in the common course.On the contrary,the students per class in the SSELC of TJUFS are lower,there are just one class for each major and about 25 students in each class,so its teaching effect is much better and the graduation rate is also higher.98%of the SSELC students think it is impossible for them to get the effective guidance in a big class more than 30 students or in a combined class,it will severely affect the grades.
The annual cost of living and studying for the SSELC students is about 15 thousand RMB and 60 to 80 thousand RMB in 4 to 5years,it is a heavy burden to the low-income
families and also the reason that most examinees are studying on job.
The data about graduation rate and dropout rate please see the
In conclusion,based on different regions and schools,the undergraduate 4–year graduation rate of SSELC students is 10 to15%,5-year graduation rate is 20 to 30%,the degree completion rate is 5%lower compare with them.Most examinees who still haven’t graduated in 6 years will give up so the graduation rate will rise very little.The management mode,teaching level and living environment of the SSELC are highly related to the graduation rate of the SSELC students,the graduation rate of SSELC in TJUFS ismuch higher than the SSELC in GDUFS is a prove.
4.6 The situation of off-campus examinees
90%of the off-campus examinees in Guangdong Province are female company clerks from surrounding provinces,their high school basis are poor and even some people haven’t went to high school.Their working environment is in medium level but need to work overtime frequently,they have to work 8 to 10 hours per day and 6 days per week,so their average daily effective learning time is just 2 to 3 hours.Most of them feel unsatisfied to the living and self-studying environment,14%of them have took SSELC of single subject,67%think it is no use to take those classes since it’s not important to the exam.
There are more than 2 thousand examinees taking the SSE English Major each year in Dongguan City;among them,more than1200 people are in the junior college stage and 900 in the undergraduate stage.Their undergraduate rate is no more than 1%and the BA degree completion rate is less than 0.5%,besides they have to take 8 to 10 years or even longer to graduate.Most of the degree candidates in Dongguan City are on-job off-campus examinees whose high school bases are very poor.They haven’t time to study and cannot take the SSELC,so their graduation rate is particular low.According to the survey results,the undergraduate graduation rate of off-campus examinees in Guangzhou and Shenzhen is higher,for there are more part-time SSELC in these cities,but still no more than 5%,that is much lower than the rate of non-English majors which is 10 to 15%.
4.7 The strategies and difficulties of self-study
Near 90%of the examinees haven’t clear self-study strategies of each courses and plans for exam registration,they even don’t fully understand the difficulty level of subjects.When many graduates have summarized their experiences of SSE they have indicated that the strategies of self-study and registration are very important,and that is also one of the significant influence factors.
Most of the examinees think that the main problems they’ve met are poor study basis,difficulties in study,lack of consciousness and time to study.The off-campus examinees believe that“Advanced English”and“Second Foreign Language(Japanese)”were tested in a same morning in October is very unreasonable.Many examinees have only passed these two subjects after tried 2to 3 times or even 3 to 4 times,which means they have took 4 to 6and some examinees abandoned the SSE justbecause of them.But the SSELC students canretake one of the two subjects in July,so theproblem is not so sharp.
pass difficult subjects in one time are mainlybecause the insufficient of study time andthey want to take too many subjects to test inone time,so it’s normal to be defeated.Thefollowing self-study strategies were summa-rized through my 5 years experiences of SSEand all the interviewees are also very agree(
).The the
The theories of English learning can be divided into different schools;most of them are focus on reading,reciting,listening and writing and raise the vocabulary quantity by reading.These theories also lay stress on practice the listening and oral English unboundedly at any time and anywhere through immerse oneself in the multimedia language environment created
by computers and MP4s.The courage to open mouth,to imitate,to lose face and communicate are also very important.
Many examinees think the“Second Foreign Language(Japanese)”in the undergraduate stage is very easy to pass,for it just has 4 credits and the textbook is very thin.They think they can pass it easily with several hundred hours of study,but actually they can’t.If they want to pass the exam in one time they have to study this subject and“Degree Foreign Language Exam”in the junior college stage and take one hour to study per day,1000 to 1500hours in 3 years.The hypothesis that the strategies of self-study and exam registration are the influence factors was verified.
4.8 The situation of leisure and entertainment
The SSELC students spend a lot of time in dating and surfing the net,more than 30%will spend 4 to 6 hours per day and this is already near or even more than their effective study time,40%spend 2 to 3 hours per day and 30%spend one hour per day.30%of the female examinees go to shopping 2 to 3 times per week,near half of them go to shopping one time per week and 3 to 4 hours each time.
More than 90%of the off-campus examinees spend 8 to 10hours in working and 1 to 2 hours in online chatting and dating,but no time in taking exercise.Apparently their time that could be used to study is very little and their life is harder.The attitudes and ways to entertain and relax also have reflected the examinees’attitudes towards studying and living,it also an influence factor to the graduation rate.
4.9 The examinees’plan about employment and further study
More than 90%of the examinees haven’t the career goals,the plan to take part in the national post-graduate entrance examination and the hope to get a high-paid job.If they lack dreams about the future how can they have the motive to study?The hypothesis that the career goal is also an important influence factor of the graduation rate was verified.
4.1 0 The situation of examinees’character
According to the survey results,more than 60%of the degree-seeking examinees feel inferior and anxious;they need the psychological counseling and character improving.However,more than 80%of the degree recipients are in contrast situation.The hypothesis that the personal character is an influence factor of the graduation rate was verified.Good character can make you success(Zhou Hanlin2010:36).
4.1 1 Summary
The main reasons for the examinees’undergraduate graduation rates are very low and it usually took long time for them to get the BA lie in the English is not their native language,they haven’t a strong faith in SSE and positive attitude towards life.They haven’t confidence in self-study and lack the study motivation.Their poor basis in high school,insufficient time to self-study,lack of a nice study environment and a reasonable self-study strategy are also the reasons for the low graduation rate.Besides,they still haven’t the correct understanding and ways to fix the imperfections in the character.The time spent on entertainment and leisure by the SSELC students,the management mode and teaching level of the lecture classes,the living environment of off-campus examinees can also influence the graduation rate and the time to graduate.
5 Conclusions and Suggestions
5.1 Conclusions
According to the survey results,the following conclusions were summarized:
5.1.1 The graduation rate of SSE English major
The 4-year undergraduate graduation rate of SSELC students is different in different regions and schools,most is between 10 to15%,5-year graduation rate is 20 to 30%,the degree completion rate is 5%lower compare with them.The 1.5 to 2-year dropout rate is 20 to 40%and most examinees who still haven’t graduated in 6 years will give up so the graduation will rise rarely.In contrast,the graduation rate and degree completion rate of other majors is10 to 15%higher,and the dropout rate is 10%lower.
According to different regions,the off-campus examinees’undergraduate graduation rate is around 1%to 5%,and The time to graduate is mainly 8 to 10 years and some examinees have took 13years to graduate.On the contrary,the graduation rates of other majors are 5 to 10%and the time to graduate is 6 to 8 years.
5.1.2 The influence factors of graduation rate
1)The examinees’ideals and beliefs,attitude towards life,career goals and personal interests are the most important influence factors of graduation rate.The survey results show that the examinees with a high expectation,a positive attitude towards life,a clear career goal,a strong faith in self-study,who haven’t fell into puppy love and net-addiction and have studied hard will get a high graduation rate compare to others,they can also graduate in a shorter length of time or vice versa.The ideal and faith can determine your destiny,the attitude and character may construct the future,but most examinees lack the career goals and the counseling about faith in SSE and character improving.
2)Both the self-study ability and the effective study time are the important influence factors
According to the survey results,an ordinary examinee need5000 hours to graduate from the junior college stage and the undergraduate stage respectively,10000 hours to finished the courses o both stages and get the BA.The SSELC students who study 8 hours per day and 360 days per year can get the BA in four years,the on-job examinees who study 3 hours per day and 330 days per year need 10 years to graduate.
3)The strategies of self-study and registration are also important factors.
The reasonable application of the self-study and registration strategies of each subjects are the royal way to shorten the time to graduate and raise the graduation rate,but most examinees are short of guidance in these strategies.
4)The high school basis of examinees and whether they are studying in part time or in full time can also influence the graduation rate and the time to graduate.Most of the examinees are studying on job;their graduation rate is low and they need a long time to graduate.
5)The management methods and teaching level of SSELC,the SSELC students’living and studying environment,the ways of entertainment and leisure are all the influence factors of the graduation rate and the time to graduate.The SSELC are lack the self-discipline and supervision,their teaching level were needed to be raised.
6)The unreasonable exam plans made by the SSE Committee(such as the conflict between the exam time of“Advanced English”and“Second Foreign Language(Japanese)”have also influenced the graduation rate and the time to graduate of off-campus examinees.
5.2 Suggestions
According to the above conclusions the following suggestions were given out:
5.2.1 The Ministry of Education and SSE Committee weresuggested to establish the national SSE Web-Based Training Platform and its provincial sub site
The site should take the courseware made by famous professors,give the psychological counseling and all courses of each subject in each major to the examinees,show the registration strategies of each subject and answer the questions about study on Internet.I can help the examinees to build up the career goals,strengthen their faith in self-study,improve their self-study ability,increase their daily effective study time and instruct them to use the reasonable strategies of study and registration.Besides,the site should charge cheaply or even free.The reform plan of SSE performed in Tianjin City that includes online tutoring and counting the regular grades into the final grades should be promoted in large scale.Adjust the plans of exams to avoid the conflict between the exam time of“Advanced English”and“Second Foreign Language(Japanese)”.It is a royal way to raise the graduation rate,shorten the time to graduate,improve the teaching level and quality of SSELC throughout the country.
5.2.2 The examinees should realize that the difficult subjectssuch as“Degree Foreign Language Exam”(DFLE)and“Second Foreign Language(Japanese)”need more than 2 years and 1000 hours of study to pass the exam in one time
The“English Listening Comprehension”and“Spoken English”should be combined as one subject to study,both of them and“Advanced English”needed more than 1 year and 800 to 1000hours of study to pass them respectively.The major courses such as“Survey of English-Speaking Countries”,“English Grammar”,“Lexicology”and so on can be arranged to self-study and take exams in a half year,but the examinees also need about 500 hours to learn these subjects well.
5.2.3 A useful English self-study strategies should help the ex-aminees can immerse themselves in the self-created multimedia language environment make good use of fragmented time,speak English to them-
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