电气专业英语试卷

第一篇：电气专业英语试卷

电气专业英语论文

电气自动化专业英语分电子技术、电机控制技术、计算机控制技术、自动控制系统四部分，共十五章，每章后配有以专业术语为主的词汇表。本书从大学高年级学生科技英语阅读和写作的需要出发，选取的专业技术类文章覆盖了电气自动化领域的基础内容。 PART 1 ELECTRONICS 1 Electrical Measuring Instrmnents 1.1 SAFETY PRECAUTION 1.2 BASIC MEIER CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION 1.3 USE OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT 2 Ftmdamentals of Solid-State Power Device 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 SOLID-STATE POWER DE

4.2 ASYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL SYSTEMS 4.3 SEQUENTIAL DIGITAL SYSTEMS PART 2 ELECTRICAL MACHINE, CONTROL COMPONENT AND SENSOR 5 Introduction to Electrical Machines 5.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES 5.2 BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES 5.3 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES 6 DC Motor and Induction Motor 6.1 TYPES OF DC MOTORS 6.2 DC MOTOR ANALYSIS 6.3 DC MOTOR SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS 6.4 THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 6.5 INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS 7 Electrical Machine Control Systems 7.1 CONTROL SYMBOLS 7.2 MACHINE CONTROL WITH SWlTCHES 7.3 CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES 7.4 MOTOR STARTING SYSTEMS 7.5 FORWARD AND REVERSE CONTROL 7.6 DYNAMIC BRAKING 8 Control Sensors 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS 8.3 ANALOG SENSORS FOR MOTION 8.4 DIGITAL TRANSDUCERS PART 3 COMPUTER CONTROL TECHNIQUES 9 Introduction of Computernets 9.1 USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS 9.2 NETWORK HARDWARE 9.3 NETWORK SOFTWARE 9.4 EXAMPLE NETWORKS 10 Introduction of Programmable Controller 10.1 HISTORY 10.2 BASIC CONCEFPTS 10.3 GENERAL APPLIGATION AREAS 10.4 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS ……

11 Foundation of PLC PART 4 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS 12 Electrical Distribution 13 Introduction to Control Engineering 14 Speed Control of DC Motor 15 Frequency Controls for AC Motors

第二篇：电气专业实用英语(英汉对照)

电气实用英语汇编

一.电气名词 Electric items 二.线路(母线、回路)Lines (Bus, circuits) 三.设备 Equipments 四.保护、继电器 Protection , relays 五.电气仪表 Electric instruments 六.防雷 Lightning protection 七.接地 Grounding, earthing 八.室、所 Room , Substation 九.电修车间设备 Equipments of electric repair 十.材料 Material 十一.图名 Drawings, diagrams 十二.表头 Tables 十三.标准图词汇 Terms from standard DWG

一.电气名词 Electric items 交(直)流 Alternating (direct) current 短路电流 Short-circuit current 起始次暂态短路电流 Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流 Impulse current 稳态短路电流 Steady state short-circuit current 临界电流 Critical current 切断电流 Rupturing current 熔断电流 Blow-out current 故障电流 Fault current 计算电流 Calculating current 极限有限电流 Limit effective current 过电流 Over current 逆电流 Inverse current 整定电流 Setting current 额定电流 Rated current 电流密度 Current density 短路电流最大有效值 Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压 High-voltage , High-tension 低压 Low-voltage , Low-tension 计算电压 Calculating voltage 激磁电压 Exciting voltage 冲击电压 Impulse voltage 临界电压 Critical voltage 残留电压 Residual voltage 击穿电压 Puncture voltage 脉动电压 Pulsating voltage 供电电压 Supply voltage 电力电压 Power voltage 照明电压 Lighting voltage 灯丝电压 Filament voltage 额定电压 Rated voltage 电压损失 Voltage loss 过(欠)电压 Over (under) voltage 线路电压 Line voltage 电压降 Voltage drop 工作电压 Working voltage 一次电压 Primary voltage 二次电压 Secondary voltage 电源 Electric source (power supply) 自控电压 Power supply for process control 6kV控制闪光电源 Flashing supply for 6kV control 工作电源 Working power supply (electric source) 保安电源 Emergency power supply (electric source) 直流稳压电源 Stabilized D.C. source 控制电源 Control supply 直流电源 D.C. source 交流电源 A.C. source 负荷计算 Load calculation 设备容量 Installed capacity 需要容量 Electric demand 功率因数 Power factor 安装高度 Mounting height 耐电压 Breakdown voltage 工频耐压 High-voltage test with working frequency 表面闪络 Surface flash-over 直流泄漏 D.C. leakage 体电阻率 Volume resistivity 介质损失角 Dielectric loss angle 击穿强度 Puncture intensity 电压等级 Voltage grade 比重 Specific gravity 性能 Feature 相序 Phase sequence 瞬时 Instantaneous 倾角 Angle of inclination 跨度 Span 正极 Positive pole 负极 Negative pole 截面(积) Cross section area 辅助电源 Auxiliary source 遮断容量 Interrupting capacity 载流量 Current-carrying capacity 校正系数 Correction factor 连续负荷 Continuous load 长期载流量 Continuous capacity 长时间额定值 Longtime rating 电动机堵转电流 Locked-rotor motor current 限定负荷 Limited load 电感负荷 Inductive load 感应电流 Induced current 二.线路(母线、回路)Lines (Bus , circuits) 母线 Bus-bar 合闸电源 母线 Closing power source bus 闪光母线 Flashing-bus 备用母线 Spare bus 装在支柱上的插接式母线 Post-supported plug-in bus way 装在吊钩上的插接式母线 Hook-supported plug-in bus way 装在支架上的插接式母线 Bracket-supported plug-in bus way 小母线 Miniature bus 电源小母线 Power supply miniature bus 操作小母线 Operating miniature bus 事故信号小母线 Miniature bus for fault signal 闪光小母线 Flashing miniature bus 主母线 Main bus 直流主母线 D.C. main bus 预告母线 Prewarning bus 干线 Main line 照明干线 Lighting main line 接地干线 Grounding main line 插座干线 Receptacle main line 电压干线 Voltage main line 端子出线 Terminal outgoing 中性线 Neutral 支线 Branch-line 引入线 Lead-in 电气线路 Electric circuit 交流配电线路 A.C. distribution circuit 直流配电线路 D.C. distribution circuit 事故照明线路 Emergency lighting circuit 控制线路 Control circuit 接地或接零线路 Grounding or neutralizing circuit 信号线路 Signal circuit 有接地极的接地线路网 Grounding with grounding electrodes 定子绕组测温回路 Temperature measuring circuit for stator winding 接地信号回路 Grounding signal circuit 闪光信号回路 Flashing-signal circuit 开阀回路 Circuit for opening valve 关(闭)阀回路 Circuit for closing valve 开度计回路 Circuit for opening meter 电流测量回路 Current-measuring circuit 差动保护回路 Differental protective circuit 过流保护回路 Over-current protective circuit 合闸回路 Closing circuit 停车延时回路 Delayed shutdown circuit 掉闸回路 Trip circuit 激磁回路 Exciting circuit 备用回路 Spare circuit 主回路 Main circuit 馈路 Feeder circuit 现有回路 Existing circuit 单线回路 Single-wire circuit 接地回路 Earthed circuit 有电压的电路 Live circuit 三.设备 Equipments 高压开关柜 H.V. switchgear 动力配电箱 Power distribution cabinet 电源配电箱 Source distribution cabinet 直流配电屏 D.C. switchboard (distribution panel) 交流低压配电屏 A.C.L.V. switchboard (distribution panel) 静电电容器柜 Static capacitor cabinet 多种电源插销箱 Receptacle box for miscellaneous power supplies 控制箱 Control cabinet 照明配电箱 Lighting (distribution panel) 连接箱 Junction box 出线盒 Outlet box 开关箱 Switch box 控制台 Console 分段屏 Sectionalizing panel 进线屏 Incoming line panel 电控箱 Electric control panel 边屏 Side board 端子箱 Terminal box 供电盘 Power supply box 瓶车箱 Synchronizing cabinet 感应调压器专用变压器高压柜 Special transformer H.V. cabinet for induction voltage regulator 电压互感器柜 Potential transformer cabinet 信号屏 Signal panel 浮充屏 Floating panel 蓄电池屏 Battery panel 充电屏 Charging panel 母线联络柜 Bus tie cabinet 转换开关 Transfer switch 电压表转换开关 Voltmeter change-over switch 铁壳开关 Metal-clad switch (Iron-clad switch) 管式熔断器 Cartridge fuse 真空断路器 Vacuum circuit breaker (V.C.B.) 自动开关 Automatic switch 高压 负荷开关 H.V. load break switch 三极高压断路器 3-pole HV circuit-breaker 刀开关 Knife switch 转换开关 Transfer switch 双极铁壳开关 2-pole iron-clad switch 风扇变速开关 Fan speed regulator switch 密闭照明灯开关 Hermetic lighting switch 防爆照明灯开关 Explosion-proof lighting switch 行程开关 Limit switch 高压隔离开关 H.V. disconnecting switch 明装单极板钮开关 Surface-mounted single-pole toggle switch 暗装单极板钮开关 Flush-mounted single-pole toggle switch 三路开关 Three-way switch 气密式组合开关 Hermetic packet type switch 防护式开关 Guard type switch 联锁开关 Interlock switch 操作方式选择开关 Selecting switch for types of operation 控制电源开关 Switch for control supply 主令开关 Master switch (controller) 多切点切换开关 Multi-point change-over switch 按钮 Push-button 控制按钮 Control push-button 防爆控制按钮 Explosion-proof control push-button 事故紧急按钮 Emergency stopping push-button 起动按钮 Starting push-button 停止按钮 Stopping push-button 现场按钮 Push-button in field 挡板 damper 音响解除按钮 Push-button for sound release 起动器 Starter 磁力起动器 Magnetic starter 综合起动器 Combination starter (Magnetic starter combination) 电力变压器 Power transformer 调压变压器 Voltage regulating transformer 电压互感器 Potential transformer 电流互感器 Current transformer 照明变压器 Lighting transformer 三相三绕组变压器 3-phase tertiary winding transformer 高压试验变压器 H.V. testing transformer 局部照明变压器 Local lighting transformer 多量程仪用电流互感器 Multi-range current transformer for measurement 降压变压器 Step-down transformer 伺服电动机 Servo-motor 双电压电动机 Dual-voltage motor 感应电动机 Induction motor 交流异步电动机 A.C. asynchronous motor 同步电动机 synchronous motor 三相滑环感应电动机 3-phase slip-ring induction motor 三相鼠笼感应电动机 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor 绕线式电动机 Wound-rotor induction motor 反应式电动机 Reaction motor 柴油发电机 Diesel generator 励磁发电机 Excitation generator 明装双极插座 Surface-mounted 2-pole receptacle 暗装双极插座 Flush-mounted 2-pole receptacle 双极带接地插座 2-pole receptacle with grounding contact 单相三孔明插座 Surface-mounted single phase 3-pole receptacle 防护式明装三相四孔插座 Guard type surface-mounted 3-phase 4-pole receptacle 配照型灯 Standard dome lighting fitting 搪瓷深照型灯 Enameled high bay lighting fitting 防水防尘灯 Water and dust proof lighting fitting 安全灯 Safety lighting fitting 隔爆灯 Explosion-proof lighting fitting 弯灯 Goose-neck light 壁灯 Wall light 高压水银灯 High pressure mercury vapor lighting fitting 投光灯 Flood-light (projection light) 信号灯 Signal lamp 天棚灯 Ceiling-mounted lighting fitting 局部照明灯 Local lighting fitting 灯座 Lamp holder 事故照明灯 Emergency lighting fitting 高压水银荧光灯 H.P. mercury fluorescent lighting fitting 广照型工厂灯 Wide lit type industrial fitting 深照型灯具 High bay lighting fitting 白炽灯具 Incandescent lamp (bulb) 圆球型灯 Globe lamp 嵌入式荧光灯 flush type fluorescent lighting fitting 红色障碍灯 Red obstruction lamp for aviation 厂区道路照明灯 Street lighting in plant area 路灯 Street lamp 视孔灯 Inspection hole lamp 立杆弯灯 goose-neck post lamp , pole lamp 模拟报警信号 Semigraph and alarm signal 自整角机 Selsyn 励磁机 Exciter 显示器 Display 电位器 Potentiometer 内电阻 Internal resistance 固定电阻(器) Fixed resistance 脱扣 Release , trip 分励 Shunt trip 特殊失压脱扣器 Special no-voltage release “或”开关放大器 “Or” switch amplifier 制动器 Brake 电容 Capacitor 整流器 Rectifier 镇流器 Chock 分流器 Shunt 油变阻器 Oil immersed rheostat 频敏电阻器 Frequency sensitive rheostat 滑线变阻器 Sliding rheostat 蜂鸣器 Buzzer 电机加热器 Space heater (for motor) 空气断路器电机操作机构 Motor operating mechanism for air circuit-breaker 可控硅励磁装置 Silicon controlled rectifier excitation device 保护装置 Protective device (element) 闪光装置 Flashing device 接闪装置 (避雷器) Lightning arrester 断相保护 Phase failure protection 四.保护、继电器 Protection , relays 信号继电器 Signal relay 过电流继电器 Over-current relay 电压继电器 Voltage relay 时间继电器 Time relay 中间继电器 Auxiliary relay 热继电器 Thermal relay 温度继电器 Temperature relay 瓦斯继电器 Gas relay 控制电源中间继电器 Auxiliary relay for control supply 自动操作继电器 Relay for auto-operation 低电压继电器 Under-voltage relay 过电压继电器 Over-voltage relay 联锁继电器 Interlock relay 冲击继电器 Impact relay 合闸位置继电器 Close position relay 逆流继电器 Reverse-current relay 差流继电器 Differential current relay 差动继电器 Differential relay 电流继电器 Current relay 功率继电器 Power relay 接地继电器 Earthing relay 重合闸继电器 Reclosing relay 同步继电器 Synchronous relay 速动继电器 Quick acting relay 定时限继电器 Definite time relay 光电继电器 Photoelectric relay 电子继电器 Electronic relay 电磁式继电器 Electromagnetic relay 电动式继电器 Electrodynamic relay 气压继电器 Gas-pressure relay 继电器常开触点 Relay N.O. contact 继电器常闭触点 Relay N.C. contact 继电器保护触点(常开) Relay holding contact (N.O.) 能自动返回的常闭按钮触点 Self-return button with N.C. contact 模拟信号触点 Contact for semigraph signal 强励磁接点 Shock excitation contact 电感线圈 Induction coil 电流线圈 Current coil 脱扣线圈 Trip coil 合闸线圈 Close coil 释放线圈 Releasing coil 掉闸线圈 Tripping coil 予告信号 Prewarning signal 掉闸回路断线信号 Breakage signal of trip circuit 断路器事故掉闸信号 Fault trip signal of breaker 掉闸音响信号 Tripping audible signal 重瓦斯预告信号 Heavy gas prewarning signal 温度预告信号 Temperature prewarning signal 手动、自动操作时事故信号 Fault signal in manual/automatic operation 保护掉闸 Protective trip 控制掉闸 Control trip 手动跳闸 Manual trip 变电所紧急停车 Emergency shutdown at substation 工艺故障 Fault in process 励磁故障 Fault in excitation 工作电源失电报警 No-voltage alarm of working electric source 工作电源分合闸 On and off of working electric source 工作电源投入 Throw-in of working electric source 保安电源送电 supply of emergency electric source 运转指示 Indicating of operation 投入指示 Indicating of throw-in 同步指示 Indicating of synchronism 延时停车 Delayed shutdown 电源切除 Switch off the power supply 速断及过流断通 Instantaneous trip and over-current off/on 自保持 Self-holding 自锁 Self-lock 联锁 Interlocking 绝缘监视 Insulation supervision 电压监视 Voltage supervision 联锁解除 Release of interlock 工作、保安电源切换 Transfer of working and emergency power supply 发电机与工作母线并车 Synchronization of generator to working bus 重瓦斯保护 Heavy gas protection 开或闭超扭矩保护 Over-torque protection during opening and closing valve 电机起动顺序 Sequence of motor starting 铭牌框注字 Name plate denotation (inscription) 五.电气仪表 Electric instruments 电流表 Ammeter 电压表 Voltmeter 三相三线有功电度表 Three-phase three-wire kilowatt-hour meter , kWh meter 单相电度表 Single-phase kilowatt-hour meter 三相无功电度表 Three-phase kilovar-hour meter 有功功率表 Active power meter , kilowatt meter 无功功率表 Reactive power meter , kilovar meter 三相瓦特表(功率表) Three-phase watt meter 功率因数表 Power factor meter 频率表 Frequency meter 验电流器 Galvanoscope 欧姆表 Ohmmeter 相位表 Phase meter 转速表 Tachometer 波长表 Wave-length meter 三相四线制标准电度表 3-phase 4-wire standard watthour-meter 过载电流表 Overload ammeter 低功率因数瓦特表 Low power-factor wattmeter 交直流两用钳型电流表 A.C./D.C. multi-purpose tongtester 兆欧表 Megger , Megohmmeter 万用表 Avometer 微安表 Microammeter 毫安表 Milliammeter 各种测量仪表 Various kind of measuring instruments 接地电阻测量仪 Earthing resistance tester 真空管电压表 Vacuum tube voltmeter 电动秒表 Electric second-meter 六.防雷 Lightning protection 避雷装置 Lightning protector 避雷针 Lightning rod 避雷带 Strap type lightning protector 避雷网 Network of lightning protector 避雷针支架 Lightning rod support 避雷针尖 Tip of lightning rod 避雷针拉铁 Brace for lightning rod 避雷器 Lightning arrester , surge discharger 球型避雷器 Spherical arrester 管形避雷器 Tubular arrester 阀形避雷器 Auto-valve arrester 低压避雷器 Low voltage arrester 角形 避雷器 Horn arrester 多隙避雷器 Multigap arrester 铝避雷器 Aluminum cell arrester 氧化膜避雷器 Oxide film arrester 击穿保险器 Puncture lightning arrester 雷击 Lightning stroke 直接雷击 Direct lightning stroke 感应雷击 Induction lightning stroke 雷电日 Thunderbolt days 雷电或然率 Lightning and thunder probability 触电 Electric shock 静电感应 Electrostatic induction 七.接地 Grounding , earthing 接地保护 Ground protection , earth protection 防雷接地 Grounding for lightning 保护接地 Protective earthing 人工接地 Artificial grounding 工作接地 Working grounding , working earthing 重复接地 Multiple earthing 屏蔽接地 Screen earthing , shielding ground 中性点接地 Neutral point grounded 接地系统 Grounding system , earthing system 接地故障 Ground fault , earth fault 单相接地 Single phase earthing 母线接地 Bus ground 接地装置 Grounding device , earthing device 引下线 Down-lead , down conductor 引下线固定 Clamping plate of support for fixing 支架夹板 Down lead 引下线固定支脚 Support for fixing down lead 接地线 Ground connector 接地干线 Ground(ing) main , (bus) 接地网 Grounding network , earthing network 接地极 Earth electrode (pole) 接地电阻 Earth resistance 接地电路 Earth (ground) circuit 连接条 Connecting strip 断接卡 Connecting clamp 八.室、所 Room , Substation 贮藏室 Storage 套间 Compartment 蓄电池室 Battery room 控制室 Control room 配电室 Distribution room 维修间 Repair room 变电所 Substation 高压配电室 H.V. distribution room 休息室 Rest room 九.电修车间设备 Equipments of electric repair 砂轮机 Emery wheel grinder 台钻 Bench drilling machine 交流电焊机 A.C. welding machine 移动式空气压缩机 Portable air compressor 手电钻 Electric hand drill 单速手摇绕线机 Single speed hand winding machine 导线钳压器 Wire jointing press-clamp 油压千斤顶 Hydraulic jack 电吹尘器 Electric dust cleaner 存放柜 Store chest 高压试验变压器 H.V. testing transformer 泄漏试验变压器 Leakage testing set 大电流发生器 Strong current generator 油浸自冷感应调压器 Oil-immersed self-cooled induction voltage regulator 多量程仪用电流互感器 Multi-range current transformer for measurement 仪用电感互感器 Instrumental voltage transformer 单相自耦变压器 Single-phase auto-transformer 三相自耦变压器 3-phase auto-transformer 硅整流器 Silicon rectifier 仪表试验台 Testing stand for instrument 接触器，继电器试验台 Relay and contactor testing stand 慢扫描示波器 Slow scanning oscillograph 交流电子稳压器 A.C. electronic voltage stabilizer 携带式交流电桥 Portable A.C. electric bridge 接地电阻测量仪 Earthing resistance tester 电缆故障探伤仪 Cable fault detector 直流单臂电桥 D.C. single-arm electric bridge , Wheatstone bridge 十.材料 Material 绝缘包布 Insulating tape 填料 Filler , packing 绝缘膏 Insulating compound 电缆膏 Cable compound 防腐油 Anti-corrosive oil 沥青漆 Bituminous varnish 绝缘漆 Insulating varnish 瓷漆 Enamel varnish 有色金属 Non-ferrous metal 黑色金属 ferrous metal 白金属 White metal 云母 Mica 环氧树脂 Epoxy resin 聚氯乙烯 Polyvinyl chloride , PVC 蜡 Wax 滑石粉 Talc powder 电胶木 Bakelite 聚丙烯外壳 Polyacrylic cover 耐油橡胶管 Oil-proof rubber tubes 接地铜线 Grounding copper wire 垫圈 Pad 塑料绝缘线 Plastics insulated wire 橡套电缆 Rubber sheathed cable 中间接头 Splice 填充剂 Filling agent 绝缘电线 Insulated wire 移动软电缆 Movable flexible cable 补偿导线 Extension wire 套管 Bushing 母线槽 Busway 悬索 Cable suspension 滑触线 Trolley conductor 镀锌煤气管 Galvanized gas pipe 镀锌角钢 Galvanized steel angle 镀锌扁钢 Galvanized steel strap 钢丝绳 Steel wire rope 电笛 Siren 电磁阀 Electromagnetic valve 连接片 Connecting link 切换片 Transfering link 端子排 Terminal board 半导体二极管 Semiconductor diode 开度计 Opening meter 逻辑元件 Logical element 接线盒 Junction box 仪表槽板 Instrument trunking 电缆吊架 Cable hanger 出线套 Outgoing line sleeve 十一.图名 Drawings , diagrams 电气图纸目录 Contents of electric drawings 电力系统图 Electric power system diagram 照明系统图 Lighting system diagram 电力平面布置图 Electric power layout plan 照明平面布置图 Lighting layout plan 单线图 One line diagram 控制箱面部布置图 Surface arrangement of control box 背部接线图 Back wiring (diagram) 外部接线图 External (outside) wiring diagram 内部接线图 Internal (inside) wiring diagram 控制原理图 Principle control diagram 原理图 Schematic diagram 展开图 Developed diagram 电气标准图 Electric standard drawing 电气施工图 Electric working drawing 复用图 Reproducibles (drawing) 电缆联系图 Cable hook-up diagram 转换开关接点图 Contact diagram of transfer switch 箱侧视图 Side view of box 正视图 Front view , facade 背视图 Back view 剖面图 Section 参考图 Reference drawing 电缆敷设图 Cable laying diagram 箱内框架布置图 Arrangement of frames inside the cabinet 控制箱台面展开图 Surface developed diagram of console 出线端子示意图 Schematic diagram of terminal outgoing lines 端子接线图 Diagram of terminal connections 电气管线表 List of wire , cable and conduits 设备材料表 List of equipment and materials 十二.表头 Tables 电力系统图 Power system diagram 引入线 Lead in 保护设备 Protective device 型号 Type 额定值 Rating 整定值 Setting 主启动设备回路 Circuit to starting device 导线型号、芯数、截面及管径 Conductor type , cores , section & diameter of conduit 线长 Wire length 管长 Conduit length 启动设备 Starting device 型号规格 Type , specification 保护元件 Protective element 计量装置 Calculating device 用电设备主回路 Main circuit of electric equipment 控制回路 Control circuit 控制装置 Control device 用电设备 Electric equipment 设备容量 Consumer capacity 生产设备 Production equipment 位号 No. of location 名称 Name 备注 Remarks 引入线 Feed in 配电箱 Distribution cabinet 型号及编号 Type and No. 开关型号 Switch type 保护装置 Protective device 回路编号 Circuit No. 相别 Phase 灯数 Number of lamps 插座数 Number of receptacles 电缆编号 No. of line 起点 Starting 终点 Ending 母线截面 Section of bus 零母线 Neutral bus 屏编号 Panel No. 型号及方案号 Type and variant No. 控制原理图号 Principle control diagram 工艺位号 Process item No. 十三.标准图词汇 Terms from standard DWG 电工系统图图形符号 Graphic symbols for electric system 交流电的相别 A.C. phase sequence 直流电的正负极 D.C. positive and negative poles 有中性点引出线的星形连接的三相绕组 Star-connected three phase windings with neutral outlet 开口三角形连接的三相绕组 3-phase winding with open delta connection 互相连接的导线 Cross connection of wires 不连接的跨越导线 Crossing wires not in contact with each other 可拆卸的电气连接 Removable connection 电缆终端头 Pothead of cable or cable end 自耦变压器 Auto-transformer 感应 调压器 Induction voltage regulator 凸极同步电动机 Salient pole synchronous motor 带接换装置的蓄电池组 Accumulator battery with tap-changers 空气断路器 Air circuit-breaker 保持触点 Holding contact 热元件 Thermal element 自动复位的操作开关 Spring-return operating switch 插接器 Plug-in connector 电喇叭 Horn 电炉 Electric furnace 分流器 Shunt 可控硅整流箱屏 Silicon controlled rectifier box panel 直流配电屏 D.C. distributing panel 磁力起动器组 Magnetic starter group 自动开关箱 Automatic switch box 行程开关 Limit switch 局部灯 Local lighting fitting 荧光灯列 Series fluorescent lighting fitting 防护式灯开关 Protective switch 导线引上 Conductors turning up 导线引下 Conductors turning down 导线由上引来 Conductors turning from above 导线由下引来 Conductors turning from below 电缆沟 Cable trench 调压器 Voltage regulator 隔离变压器 Isolating transformer 击穿保护器 Puncturing safety device 晶体管 Transisorized diode 地坪 Grade level 电缆与水管平行 Cable running parallel to a water supply pipe 电缆与热力管道交叉敷设 Cable running across heat pipeline 车道 Drive way 电缆穿管与管道交叉 Cable protective pipe across a pipeline 双(单)侧支架电缆沟 Trench with rack on both sides (one side) 室外地坪 Outdoor grade 跨接线 Jumper 金属软管 Flexible metal tube 过渡接头 Adapter

第三篇：电气与自动化专业专业英语单词必备

abscissa axis 横坐标

ac motor 交流环电动机

active (passive) circuit elements 有(无)源电路元件active component 有功分量

active in respect to 相对….呈阻性

admittance 导纳

air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布

air-gap flux 气隙磁通

air-gap line 气隙磁化线

algebraic 代数的

algorithmic 算法的

alloy 合金

ampere-turns 安匝(数)

amplidyne 微场扩流发电机

Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅

armature circuit 电枢电路

armature coil 电枢线圈

armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波

attenuate 衰减

automatic station 无人值守电站

automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器auxiliary motor 辅助电动机

bandwidth 带宽

base 基极

bilateral circuit 双向电路

bimotored 双马达的

biphase 双相的

bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 双极性晶体管block diagram 方框图

boost 增压

boost-buck 升压去磁

breakaway force 起步阻力

breakdown torque 极限转矩

bronze 青铜

buck 补偿

capacitance effect 电容效应

carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡

carrier 载波

Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系

cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子

chopper circuit 斩波电路

circuit branch 支路

circuit components 电路元件

circuit diagram 电路图

circuit parameters 电路参数

coaxial 共轴的,同轴的

coil winding 线圈绕组

coincide in phase with 与….同相

collector 集电极

commutation condition 换向状况

commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线complex impedance 复数阻抗

complex number 复数

compound generator 复励发电机

compounded 复励

conductance 电导

conductor 导体

corridor 通路

coupling capacitor 结合电容

cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机dc generator 直流发电机

dc motor 直流电动机

de machine 直流电机

demodulator 解调器

differentiation 微分

direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数direct axis 直轴

direct-current 直流

displacement current 位移电流

dynamic response 动态响应

dynamic-state operation 动态运行

e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势

eddy current 涡流

effective values 有效值

effects of saturation 饱和效应

electric energy 电能

electrical device 电气设备

electrode 电极 电焊条

electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩

emitter 发射管 放射器 发射极

end ring 端环

energy converter 电能转换器

epoch angle 初相角

equivalent T – circuit T型等值电路

error detector 误差检测器

error signal 误差信号

excitation system 励磁系统

excited by 励磁

exciting voltage 励磁电压

external armature circuit 电枢外电路external characteristic 外特性

feedback component 反馈元件

feedback loop 反馈回路

feedback signal 反馈信号

feedback system 反馈系统

fidelity 保真度

field coils 励磁线圈

field current 励磁电流

field effect transistor (FET) 场效应管field winding 磁场绕组 励磁绕组

flux linkage 磁链

form-wound 模绕

forward transfer function 正向传递函数Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控frequency 频率

full load 满载

full-load torque 满载转矩

gain 增益

gain 增益

generating 发电

generator voltage 发电机电压

Geometrical position 几何位置

harmonic 谐波的

heating appliance 电热器

high-gain 高增益

high-performance 高性能的

horsepower 马力

horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁

hydropower station 水电站

ideal source 理想电源

imaginary part 虚部

impedance 阻抗

incident 入射的

induced current 感生电流

induction generator 感应发电机

induction machine 感应电机

induction machine 感应式电机

induction motor 感应电动机

infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益inrush current 涌流

instantaneous electric power 瞬时电功率

instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率insulation 绝缘

integration 积分下限

internal resistance 内阻

interoffice 局间的

inverse 倒数

iron-loss 铁损

isolation 隔离 分离 绝缘 隔振

laminated core 叠片铁芯

lamination 叠片

leakage current 漏电流

leakage flux 漏磁通

leakage reactance 漏磁电抗

leakage 泄漏

left-hand rule 左手定则

light emitting diode 发光二极管

lightning shielding 避雷

limiter 限幅器

line trap 限波器

linear zone 线性区

line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的

load characteristic 负载特性

load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩

locked-rotor 锁定转子

第四篇：电气工程及其自动化专业英语

老师：

学生:

专业：电气工程及其自动化

学院：

学号：

Automatic Control system

自动控制系统

When a specific systemis proposed for a given application,it must

satisfy certain requirements.This may involve the system response or optimization of the system in a specified way .These requirements that a control system must meet are generally called performance specifications.

当一个精细的系统被推引入一个给定的应用程序的时候，它必须满足这个特定的要求。这个可能包括系统响应或者系统精细方法的最佳组合。一般把这些一个系统必须处理的要求叫做性能指标。

The performance that of a control system can be considered in three parts .The first part pertains to the specification as they directly relate to system response .The second has to do with a

performance index that is a functionof the erroror output .The last part is concerned with system error caused by parameter variations .

一个控制系统的性能可以从三个部分来考虑。第一个部分涉及到的规格直接和系统响应有关。第二个部分和误差与输出功能的性能指标有关。第三个部分与参数变化引起的系统误差相联系。

Control system specifications can directly related to system response as shown in the Fig 8.1.This type of information is germane to second -order systems of higher-order systems which have a pair of characteristic zeroes that are complex and dominate the transient behavior .For example ,a system with characteristic zeroes at -5,-10+j2and -0.5+j2 is a fifth-order system but the dominant zeroes are -0.5+j2.The commonly used terms to describe system specification are peak

overshoot ,rise time ,delay time ,setting time ,bandwidth ,damping ratio and undamped natural frequency .

如图8.1所示控制系统的规格可直接的与系统响应有关。这类信息和二阶系统和高阶系统有关，此类系统的特征方程具有一对复数零点，对系统瞬态响应起主要作用。例如，一个有以-5，-10+j2,和-0.5+j2作为特征根的系统是五阶系统，但是这个系统的正解是-0.5+j2.通常用来描述系统规格的方法是尖峰超越量，上升时间，延迟时间，稳定时间，带宽，阻尼比率，无阻尼自然频率。

Peak Overshoot

尖峰超越量

This is measured when the response has maximum value .It is an indication of the largest error between input and output during the transient state .For the system considered we observed that the peak overshoot increased as the damping ratio decreased .The concept of peak overshoot is not limited to only second-order systems .It is often used for higher-order systems that have a

dominant pair of complex poles .These poles are those located nearest the imaginary axis .In most well-designed systems ,peak overshoots are lower than 30%.

这个是在响应有最大值的时候测量得到的。这是系统在不稳定部分内输入和输出之间最大的误差的象征。对于这个系统我们观察到尖峰超越量在无阻尼比率下降的时候上升。尖峰超越量的概念不仅限制于二阶系统。它还经常用在有一对显性的复数极点的高阶系统。这些极点就是那些位于离虚周最近的极点。在多数精心设计的系统里，尖峰超越量低于30%。 Rise Time

上升时间

The rise time is a measure of the speed of response .It is defined as the time necessary for the response to rise from 10%to 90%of its final steady state error .Sometimes an equivalent measure is to represent the rise time as the reciprocal of the slope of the response at the instant the response is 50%of its final steady state value .For second-order underdamped systems ,the time to reach the peak overshoot is also a good measure of the speed of response .

上升时间衡量系统的响应速度。它定义了响应从稳定部分误差的10%上升到90%需要的时间。有时用一个等效值来代替上升时间，及响应达到稳态值的50%时，输出响应上升斜率的倒数。对于二阶欠阻尼系统，到达尖峰超越量的时间也是一个较好的对系统响应速度的衡

量。

Delay Time

延迟时间

The time necessary for the response to reach some value (usually 50%)of its steady state value is called delay time .

响应到需要达稳定状态的某些值(通常是50%)的时间叫做延迟时间。

Settling Time

稳定时间

The settling time is defined as the time necessary for the response to increase to and stay within a specified range of its final value .Two of five percent is often stated as the tolerable range .The number of oscillations necessary to reach this condition is also a useful index .

稳定时间定义的是响应增加到或保持在系统的终值得指定的单元中所需要的时间。 Bandwidth

带宽

The bandwidth is defined as the frequency at which the output magnitude is 0.707as compared to the output magnitude at low (or zero )frequency when the system is subjected to sinusoidal inputs. 带宽定义为一个频率，当系统在正弦形式输入作用下，在该频率上输出幅值和低频(或零频)时的输出幅值之比为0.707.

Damping Ratio

阻尼比

This is a ratio of the system damping to the critical damping for a second-order system 。It measures the damping of a complex pole pair .Higher-order systems may have more than one damping ratio although the damping measured by the most dominant complex pole pair is of most importance.The damping ratio is an important parameter in determining the transient performance and stability of a system .

这是一个二阶系统的阻尼与临界阻尼的比。它衡量主导极点的阻尼。高阶系统可以有多个阻尼比，而由主导极点做对应的阻尼是最重要的。阻尼比是一个重要的用来确定系统的瞬态性能和稳定性的参数。

Underdamped Natural Frequency

欠阻尼的固有频率

This is directly related the “springiness”of a system .Like the damping ratio it may be applied to second-order systems or higher-ordersystems possessing dominant poles .这直接和系统的弹性相关。像阻尼比一样，它可能被应用到二阶或高阶系统来确定主导极点。

System specifications are also given in terms of the error constants as well as the system type .The error constants are used to relate the system gain and time constants to the system error of a unity feedback system .They measure directly the minimum ideal steady state error of a system for a step ,ramp and parabola input .

系统规格同样可以以误差系数和系统类型来表示。误差系数用来把单位反馈系统的增益及时间常数和系统误差联系在一起。它们用来直接衡量一个系统的阶跃，斜坡，抛物线输入的最小且理想的误差区域。

第五篇：辽工大电气自动化《专业英语》答案

单词：

current电流 voltage电压 variable变量 charge 电荷 resistor电阻 capacitor电容inductor 电感 generator发电机

independent source独立源 dependent source受控源 controlled source受控源 linear resistor线性电阻

voltage-current characteristic伏安特性 short circuit短路 open circuit开路 conductance电导 network网络 node节点 mesh网孔

mesh analysis网孔分析 time domain时域

phasor diagram相量图 frequency domain频域 amplitude振幅，幅度 impedance阻抗

electronics电子学，电子仪器 digital数字的 analog模拟

transducer传感器 excitation激励，激发 binary二进制的 amplifier放大器 resolution分辨率

operational amplifier运算放大器 difference amplifier差动放大器 semiconductor半导体 winding绕组

transformer变压器 interface接口 duty ratio功率比 inverter逆变器 step pulse阶跃脉冲

induction machine感应电机 exciting voltage励磁电压 prime mover原动机

induction generator感应(异步)发电机synchronous machine同步发电机 field winding励磁绕组

Y-connected windings星形连接绕组 turbine generator涡轮发电机 lead导线

flux通量，磁力线 transformer变压器

primary winding一次绕组 secondary winging二次绕组 reluctance磁阻 instruction 指令 document文件

audio signal声频信号，音频信号 program程序 keyboard键盘 software软件

central processing unit中央处理单元 workstation工作站 server服务器 client客户

microcomputer微型计算机 desktop computer台式计算机 notebook computer笔记本电脑 handheld computer掌上电脑 mouse鼠标 sound card声卡 modem调制解调器

operating system操作系统 serial processing串行处理 parallel processing并行处理 discharge放电

megabytes (MB)兆字节 install安装 setup安装

update更新，修改 adapter适配器

computer language计算机语言 high-level language高级语言 compiler编译程序 interpreter解释程序

system software系统软件 application software应用软件 bootstrap program引导程序 date base数据库

coaxial cable同轴电缆 fiber-optic cable光缆 microwave微波 infrared红外线的 broadband宽带 narrowband窄带

electric power system电力系统 fuse保险丝熔断器

transmission line输电线路

interconnection互相连接，互联

power system protection电力系统保护 circuit breaker断路器

electromechanical relay电磁继电器 protective relay保护继电器 thermal relay热继电器

rectifier bridge relay整流桥型继电器 electronic relay电子继电器

open-loop control system开环控制系统 closed-loop control system闭环控制系统选择题： 1.1

1. It is conventional (positive charges) 2. Electric current is (amperes) 3. The energy required (voltage) 4. The plus (+) and (voltage polarity) 5. According to the (absorbed) 1.2

1. An independent voltage (two-terminal element) 2. Resistors are (passive)

3. An ideal dependent (active) 4. There are (four)

5. For a voltage (current) 1.3

1. The circuit element (the resistor)

2. Ohm’s Law states (directly proportional to) 3. A resistor whose (a nonlinear resistor) 4. (An open circuit) is a circuit 5. An electric heater (12Ω) 1.4

1. Kirchhoff’s Laws are (topology of the network) 2. Kirchhoff’s Current Law can (two ways)

3. Kirchhoff’s Current Law is (the law of conservation of charge)

4. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (the law of conservation of energy)

5. The algebraic sum (zero) 1.5

1. Nodal analysis is (KCL, KVL) 2. (Nodal analysis) method is 3. For a circuit (N-1) 4. The potential at (zero)

5. Mesh analysis applies (KVL, mesh) 1.6

1. The voltage across (90°) 2. The voltage across (90°) 3. If in an (100∠100°) 4. The three-phase (four)

5. The three voltages (balanced three-phase voltages) 2.1

1. The voltage produced (an analog) 2. ON-OFF information (a digital) 3. A device that (A/D)

4. The thermocouple pair (voltage) 5. A D/A is (analog form) 2.2

1. Any algebraic combination (two)

2. According to the (multiplication, addition) 3. The commutative rule (the order) 4. The associative rule (the validity) 5. The relation A+ (identity) 2.3

1. The process of (analog-to-digital conversion) 2. (A temperature transducer) is a device 3. The precision and (incompatible)

4. The precision of (the number of binary bits) 5. In Fig.2-4 the (two) 2.4

1. At one time,(analog computer) 2. After the invention (solid-state)

3. If the operational (a very small voltage difference) 4. The wide application (negative feedback networks) 5. The useful range (80) 3.1

1. The switching losses (the off-state losses) 2. The typical power (0.7V)

3. The power transistors,(high reverse) 4. The rate of (power losses) 3.2

1. The DC-DC converter (direct current, direct current) 2. The Buck is (current step-up) 3. The PWM control (pulse width)

4. The gain of (the input dc source, the output voltage) 3.3

1. High power inverters (three-phase type) 2. The output of (sinusoidal voltage)

3. The constant speed (ac voltage sink load) 4. Voltage source inverters (inductive loads) 5. Output amplitude in (pulse-width) 4.1

1. The thumb is (the relative motion of conductor) 2. In induction motors (never reaches) 4. Form-wound coils (large AC) 4.2

1. When a induction (600) 2. If the difference (smaller)

3. The electric machine (generating) 4. The breakdown torque (maximum) 4.3

1. The speed of (the frequency of the current) 2. The field winding (a DC)

3. The cylindrical rotor (high-speed steam-turbine-driven generators)

4. The turbine generators (3600-rpm) 5. The field current (an exciter) 4.4

1. A transformer is (a magnetic field)

2. The primary winding (the power source) 3. The core construction (shell form)

4. The transformer that (distribution transformer) 5. Copper losses are (resistive) 5.1

1. A computer works (a series of stored instructions) 2. A keyboard or (an input)

3. The computer network (a local area network) 4. A computer that (client) 5. A hard disk (a storage) 5.2

1. Logical operations are (the ALU) 2. The 16-bit (sixteen bits)

3. A microprocessor accesses (more rapidly than) 4. Data stored in (permanently disappears) 5. The basic information (CMOS) 5.3

1. (A network card) is used to 2. (AGP slots) are primarily used 3. The notebook computers (LCDs) 4. Image clarity on (dot pitch)

5. (A dot matrix printer) printer uses a5.4

1. (A support module) can be used

2. A computer’s microprocessor (machine language) 3. Delphi belongs to (high-level programming language) 4. An operating system (system software)

5. (The file management system) allocates and 5.5

1. Twisted-pair cables (four) 2. (Fiber-optic cables) do not

3. The transmission capacity (broader) 4. (A modem) converts the signals 5. (A router) that connects at 翻译： 6

The modern society 现代社会比以前更加依赖于电力供应。

Electric power systems 电力系统(或电能系统)，已经变成工业社会必不可少的部分，它提供电能给现代社会。

The first complete 第一个完整的电力系统(包括有发电机、电缆、保险丝、电表和负载)被托马斯爱迪生建立，它于1882年的9月在纽约城历史上的珍珠街站开始，这是一个直流系统，包括有一个蒸汽机驱动的直流电动机提供电能给方圆1.5公里内的59个消费者。

Voltage levels can 在交流系统中，电压能够很容易被传输，因而为生产、传输和消耗的不同电压的使用提供了灵活性。

The first three-phase 第一个三相传输线于1893年在北美投入使用，它位于南加利弗里亚州2300V12km的传输线。

Eventually 最终在北美60Hz被采用为标准频率 ，尽管50Hz在其它国家已被使用。

To avoid the 为了避免电压不受限制的数值增升，工业上已经标准化了电压水平。

With the development 随着交流/直流转换设备的开发，高压直流传输系统在一些特殊情况已经变得更加具有吸引力和更加节约了。

The basic requirement 电力系统的最基本的需求是提供给消费者具有可接受的电压和频率的不间断的能源。 7

The steady state 电力系统的稳态操作，常常被各种电气设备上各种各样的故障打断。

To maintain the为了维护电力系统的正确操作，有影响、有效的、可靠地保护方案是必需的。

Power system components 电力系统元件被设计成在正常操作坏境下操作。然而，由于任何原因，所说的故障在这是一个异常，应该有一个能够检测这些异常情况的设备是必须的，如果是这样，发生异常的元件或器件被移除，比如说尽可能快的从系统的剩余部分删除它们。

The protection scheme保护方案包括有保护继电器和开关电路，比如说断路器。充当大脑功能的保护继电器是一个非常重要的部件。保护继电器是一个检测设备，它检测故障、确定故障的位置，通过关闭跳闸线圈，发送命令给正确的断路器，从保护继电器获得命令的断路器，仅断开出错的元件，这就是为什么保护继电器为什么是可靠地可维护的和可操作的快速的。This relay 这种继电器，它仍被在使用中，拥有几个重要的特性，比如说比较高的速度，对给定电力输入的比较高的扭矩和更加一致的扭矩。

With the discovery of solid 在上世纪50年代期间，随着固态软件的发现，具有无数优点的静态继电器被开发出来了。

Now the microprocessor 现在基于微处理器和小型计算机的继电方案已经被广泛的使用到世界各地的电力系统中，因为它有无数个优点，比如说自检特性和灵活性。

The overall system 整个系统保护被分成为下列部分：发电机保护、变压器保护、母线保护、反馈线路保护、传输线保护。

Any protection scheme 任何保护方案，基本包括2个部分，它被要求以保障电力系统部件能够抵制异常情况，比如说：继电器保护、断路器保护。

Since faults on a well designed 由于好的设计和健全的系统故障常常是稀少的，继电器仅仅偶尔被用来操作，这就是意味着继电方案通常是理想的，而且只要有故障发生时必须操作，换句话说，它必须是可靠的。Since the reliability 由于可靠性部分依赖于维护，因此继电器必须是容易维护的。

The maloperation of 继电器的误操作可以有两种方式。

Relaying scheme must 继电器方案必须是足够敏感的，以便于区别是正常系统还是故障系统。 8.1

In fossil fuel

在化石燃料电厂，煤、石油、或者天然气是在燃烧室中燃烧，燃烧的产品加热水，水被转化成水蒸气，水蒸气驱动机械上与发电机相连的涡轮机。

Coal is taken 煤从仓库中取出，被送到磨煤机与预加热的空气混合，混合物被吹进燃烧室，在那里它被燃烧，烧热室包括一个有管子和被称为蒸发器的合成器，通过蒸发器水被吸进来，在过程中水温上升，直到水蒸发变成水蒸气，水蒸气传过来送到涡轮机，燃烧的气体(烟气)，通过机械或电气的除尘器，烟气在被释放到烟囱之前，多达99%的固体颗粒灰尘，被吸尘器移除。

The net efficiency 火力发电厂的净效率通常小于40%被转化成电能(例如，煤的化学能不足40%被转化成电能)。尽管这个数据与工厂的大约30%的平均值相比较还算好一些，超过60%的化石燃料能量被转化成无用的热量。

为了提高效率和节约初级能源，热电能供电系统已被使用很长时间了，在那儿为工业应用和空间加热的电能和水蒸气(或者是热水)同时被产生。在这样的系统里，整个能量效率据说被提高60%至65%。

Some problem associated与火力发电厂相关的使用问题是煤的挖掘和传输带来的安全隐患和其他社会代价，火力发电厂与其他类型的化石燃料发电厂共同承担环境问题，它们包括有酸雨和温室效应。

8.2

In contrast to 水力发电厂与热电厂不同，水力发电厂的能源是从下落的水中获得，这样的电厂输出能量直接与水的流速参量相关联，用每秒立方米来测量水落下通过的距离被水头的米数来测量和一些合适的常量。 8.3

Controlled nuclear 可控核裂变是核电站的能量的来源，在裂变过程中通过反应堆传输到冷却液的热量被产生，水是最普通的冷却液，但是气体、有机复合物、液态金属和熔化物的盐也可以作为冷却剂。

In USA 在美国，有两种通用的类型，共同的被称之为亲水反应堆(以便于和使用“重水”区分)，它们是沸水反应堆和压水反应堆，两者均使用水作为冷却剂。 9

The successful operation 太空交通工具，太空飞船，太空站和可重构的飞行控制系统的成功操作依赖于使用在这些探险事业的大量控制系统的正确操作。 For a given 对一个励磁电流的给定值，一个必须的电压值被应用到电刷上以产生电机速度的期望值。 Systems in which the output quantity 这种输出量对输入量没有影响的系统被称为开环控制系统。

Systems in which the output has 这样的输出量对输入量有直接影响的系统被称之为闭环控制系统。 Comparison between the 参考输入和反馈信号两者之间进行比较，差值作为激励信号。

The fundamental difference 开环控制系统和闭环控制系统之间的最根本的区别是反馈行为，这个反馈可以是连续的或者是断续的。

This rapid growth 反馈控制系统的快速增长是被计算机的同样快速发展和广泛使用加速的。

The control theory 上个世纪五十年代末发展起来的控制理论可以被分类为经典控制理论，它被有效的应用到许多控制设计问题中，特别是单输入单输出系统，从那时开始，控制理论已经被发展成为更复杂的系统和多输入多输出系统的设计。

Hall and Harris appliedHall和Harris应用频率响应分析法到反馈系统的研究中，这种方法加快了控制理论作为一个整体的发展。

Laplace transform theory 拉普拉斯变换理论和网络理论也加入到根轨迹的计算中。

Depending upon the 根据已知因素和控制系统问题的简单性或复杂性，设计者可以单独使用一种方法或几种方法的组合。