哈佛学校12级毕业典礼

第一篇：哈佛学校12级毕业典礼

2014哈佛毕业典礼演讲

感谢凯蒂，感谢佛斯特校长、哈佛大学部成员、监事会、还有迎接我回校园的所有教职员工、校友和学生!能来到这里我很激动，不仅是因为我能在哈佛大学每363届毕业典礼上对优秀毕业生和校友讲话，更因为我能站在欧普拉去年曾站的相同地方!omg!

下面开始进行我们的首要任务，为2014届毕业生热烈鼓掌，这是他们赢得的。

毕业生都很兴奋，但这几周同时肯定也让他们有些精疲力竭。家长们，我指的不是期末考试，而是四年级运动会，最后一次舞会以及午夜巡游。总之，今年的校园很让人激动。

哈佛橄榄球队连续第七次击败耶鲁，男子篮球队连续两年进入到了ncaa赛事第二轮，还有男子壁球队获得全国冠军。谁会想哈佛竟然有这么强大的运动能力。不久，就会有人问，你们什么时候学术能力能够超过体育能力?

我个人同哈佛的联系开始于1964年，我从约翰霍普金斯大学毕业，被录取到这里的商学院，你们感谢在想、或是正在同旁边的人窃窃私语说：他怎么就进了哈佛的商学院，毕竟他的学术成绩这么出色，总能成为班上排名位于前半部分的学生，我不知道，比我自己更惊讶的可能就演唱会有我的教授了。无论如何，今天我又回到了剑桥。

我注意到，这里同我当学生时有些变化，广场附近我原来很喜欢的elise三文治餐厅现在成了一家墨西哥卷饼店，原来提供美味啤酒和香肠的wursthaus变成现在的工艺美味酒吧，我不知道这是什么玩意，原来的霍利奥克中心现在改名叫史密斯校园中心，你难道不讨厌校友用自己的名字命名所有东西吗?

不过也有好消息，哈佛保留了五十年前我刚进校时的优良传统，仍然是美国最具声望的大学，同其他伟大的大学样，它位于美国民主实验的心脏地带，哈佛的目的不只是幸知识，还包括增进我们关于国家的理想。各种背景，各种信仰，探索各种问题的人都能在伟大的大学中自由开放的学习知识并探讨想法。今天我想跟大家谈谈这种自由对于每个人而言是多么重要，无论我们多么强烈反对别人的观点，对他人想法的容忍以及表达自身言论的自由是伟大大学中不可侵害的价值，两者结合在一起构成了维持民主社会根基的神圣信赖。但我要告诉大家，这种信赖，是很脆弱的，特别是在君主、暴君、多数的专横倾向下。

最近，这种倾向经常再现在我们的大学校园和社会中，这是个坏消息，而且很不幸的是，哈佛以及我自己的城市纽约也都见证过这种趋势。首先，在纽约市你可能记得，几年前有些人强烈反对在世贸中心的旧址几个街区远的专访建 一座清真寺，这是一个情感的问题。民意调查显示，超过2/3的美国人都反对在那里建清真寺，即使是反诽谤联盟，这一被公认为全车宗教自由最热情的捍卫者，也毫不掩饰对该项目表示反对，反对者进行着反对和示威遣责开发者，要求市政府停止这项工程这是他们的权利，我们保护他们的搞辩权，但他们的观点绝对是错误的，我们拒绝屈从。政府如果单独选 出某种宗教阻止，而且只阻止在特定地点建立宗教活动场所，这绝对是和伟大美国的道德原则背道而驰的，这应该是宪法保护所不允许的。

美国这个五十州联邦依赖于两大价值的结合：自由和宽容。正是这两大价值的结合，让一个不信神的国家，但事实上，没有任何国家比美利坚合众国更愿意保护人类的各种信仰和哲学，不过这种保护需要依赖于我们持续的警觉，我们倾向于认为政教分离的原则已经确立，实际上没有而且永远不会，我们需要坚决地拥护它，确保法律条文下规定的平等，对于每个人都是平等垢。

如果你希望按照自己希望的那样进行宗教活动，按照希望的那样发表言论，同希望的人结婚，你就必须宽容我像这样的自由，我做事可能会冒犯你，你可能觉得我的行为不道德或是非正义，但你不能用自身没有的限制方式来限制我的自由，否则这只会导致不公。我们在自己要

求权利的同时，不能否定其他人的相同权利，对于城市是这样，对于大学也同样是这样。学术压迫的势力正在抬头。 自1950年以来，这是最为严重的。在我小时候，美国参议员，当然~你们可以鼓掌~~~在我小时候，美国参议员乔麦卡锡问：“你现在是不是，曾经是不是~~?”他试图压制和定罪，那些赞同哪怕在当时都已经很失败的经济体制的人，麦卡锡的红色恐惧让数以千计的人失去了生命，他害怕的是什么呢，是一种思想，也就是共产主义。

他和一些人认为这种思想很危险。不过他至少在一噗上是正确的，思想确实危险。思想能够改变社会，思想能够颠覆传统，思想能够开启革命。这就是为什么历史上，那些权贵要抑制思想、避免这些思想威胁到他们的权力、宗教、意识形态以及地位。苏格拉底和伽利略是这样，纳尔逊曼德拉和瓦茨拉夫哈维尔是这样，艾未来、造反猫咪乐队以及在伊朗制作快乐视频的孩子们也是这样。压抑自由言论表达是人类本性上的弱点，每次出现时我们都需要同它进行斗争，结思想的不宽容，无论是自由还是保守派思想，都同个人权利和自由社会背道而驰的。以上这此自然也适用于伟大大学和项尖学者。大学校园正淬着一咱观点，我想哈佛也不例外，认为学者只有在研究符合特定正义观念的前提下，才应获得资助。这种观点可以用一个词来概括：审查，这是麦卡锡主义的当代表现，想想这有多么讽剌。 1950年代，右翼试图掏左翼思想，而今天在很多大学校园自由派则开始抑制保守派思想。保守派教职员工甚至就快成为濒危物种，这种情况尤其在常春藤盟校最为突出。2012年总统选举中，根据联邦选举委员会数据，常春藤盟校教职员工有96%的捐赠都给了巴拉克奥巴马，前苏联政治局的差异都比常春藤盟校捐赠大。这一统计数字发人深思，。虽然我也支持奥巴马总统的再次当选，但我认为任何派别都不应该垄断真理，或让上帝总站在它那一边，96%常春藤盟校捐赠者偏向于某一位候选人，这就不得不让人怀疑，这些大学中的学生是否获得了他们应当获得的观点多样性，性别、人种、取向多样性都很重要。但一所大学还应当有政治多样性，否则就称不上伟大。实际上，为教授提供终生教职就是为保证他们能够自由地进行研究，而不用害怕研究主题同学校政治和社会规范不一致。最初的终身教职如果要继续存在，就必须保护同自由派规范相冲突的保守派思想，否则，大学研究和进行研究的教授就会失去信誉。

伟大的大学不应当戴有党派的有色眼镜，教育不应当成为自由主义的教育，大学的角色不应当是宣扬某一种意识形态而应当是为学者和学生提供问题研究和辩论的中立论坛，不让天平朝任何一个方向倾斜，不抑制不受欢迎的观点。因此，要求学者和毕业典礼发言者，遵循特定的政治标准会侵蚀整个大学的存在的意义。

今年春，很让人不安的是，很多大学毕业典礼演讲者都被撤销了，甚至连邀请函都被撤回了，仅仅因为学生甚至资深教职团队和管理者的反对。我很吃惊，学生姑且不论，其他人显然应当更明事理一些，。这发生在布兰代斯、哈弗福德、罗格斯、史密斯等院校。去年，还发生在斯沃斯莫尔和约翰霍普金斯。我很遗憾，这些例子中，自由派都希望让不喜欢的声音无法发出，政治上不被其认同的人会被拒绝授予荣誉学位，这太让人愤怒了。我们不应当让它继续发生，如果一所大学在邀请一位毕业典礼演讲嘉宾时还要因为政治立场再三斟酌，审查和一致这些自由的死敌就会胜出，很悲哀的是，并不只有毕业季的演讲嘉宾会被审查，去年秋天，我还在担任市长的时候，市警察局长受邀到另一所常春藤盟校进行演讲，结果他的演讲却因学生大专抗议而无法进行。比起让讨论沉默，大学的意义不应当是激起讲座吗?学生到底害怕听到什么，为什么管理者不采取措施避免暴民干扰演讲。难道其他想听演讲的学生，机会 就应当被这样剥夺吗?我敢肯定，今天毕业的学生肯定都读过，约翰斯图尔物密尔的——论自由。请允许我将其中的一小段读给大家听：强迫别人不能发表意见的邪恶及是对整个人类的掠夺，对后代人类的掠夺，对不同意于那个意见的人掠夺更多”，他继续首“假如那意见是对的，那么他们是被剥夺了以错误换真理的机会;假如那意见是错的，那么他们是

失掉了一个差不多同样大的利益，那就是从真理与错误冲突中产一出来的对于真理的更加清楚的认识和更加生动的印象”，密尔如果知道大学学生强迫别不发表意见肯定会痛心疾首，密尔如果知道连教职团队都通常成为毕业演讲审查活动的一部分，肯定会更加痛心疾首。如果是终身教职教授强迫观点同自己不一对致的发言者不发表言论，那就真的是莫大讽剌了。特别是发生在东北的那些抗议，自称的自由宽容显得尤为伪善。不过很高兴的是，哈佛没有陷入这些毕业典礼审查之中，否则的话，科罗拉多州参议员迈克尔约翰斯顿昨天就没有机会在教育学院发表演讲了。不少学生号召管理层撤回对约翰斯顿的邀请，因为他们反对他的一些教育政策。不过佛斯特校长和赖安院长都非常坚定，赖安院长写信给这些学生说：“观点存在分歧”在我看来，这引起分歧应当经过探讨和辩论，受到挑战和质疑，同时也应受到尊敬和庆贺。他完全是正确的，他以自身的言行为2014届毕业生上最为宝贵的最后一课，作为约翰霍普金斯大学前任主席，我坚信一所大学的职责并不是教学生思考什么，而是教学生如何思考。这就需要倾听不同意见，不带偏见的衡量各种观点，冷静思考不同意见中是否也有可取的内容。如果教职员工做不到这一点，学校管理者就有责任介入俦解决这一问题，否则的话，学生毕业时就会封闭自己的耳朵和思维。大学也就辜负了学生和社会的信任。如果想知道这会导致什么，看看华盛顿就知道了。在华盛顿，我国面临的所有重大问题，包括国家安全、经济、环境、医疗等问题，两党在处理所有这些问题时，都没有考虑协作，而是看谁声音更大，以此压倒对方，试图抑制和破坏同自己意识形态不相符的调研结果。大学对这种模式模仿得越鑫，我们的社会就会变得越糟糕。我来举一些例子，数十年来，国会都禁止养病控制中心进行枪支暴力的研究，最近，国会又对国立卫生研究院颁布禁令，你需要问问自己，他们在害怕什么。今年，参议院延迟对奥巴马总统提名的卫生局局长佛内科医师维维克莫西进行投票，原因仅仅是他竟敢说，枪支暴力是一大应当处理的公共卫生危机。他真是太大胆了。让我们严肃一些。每天都86位美国人死于枪杀，枪击事件也经常发生在校园中，包括上周发生在对巴巴拉的悲剧。但除此之外，再说什么估计都会被认为是医疗失当。在政治上也同很多大学校园中发生的一样，人们不愿意听到同自己意识形态相抵触的事实，他们害怕它们，而且没有什么比科学证据更他们害怕的了。今年早些时候，南卡罗来纳州对公立学校彩了新标准，州议会竟然禁止人们提到自然选择。这就像是教经常学，却不讲供需，还需要问那个问题。他们害怕什么?答案很显然，同国会议员害怕数据破坏他们的意识形态一样，这些州议会议员害怕科学证据破坏他们的宗教信念。想要证据的人可以考虑这个，南卡罗来纳的一位八女孩给州议会议员写一封信，请他们将犯犸象定为官方州化石，州议员们认为这个主意很好，因为猛犸象化石早在1725年就发现于州里，然后州参议辽通过的法案中却将猛犸象定义为“创造于陆生动物创生的第六天”。这些东西不能胡编乱造。在二十一世纪的美国，教会和国家之间的壁垒仍在受到攻击。这就需要我们来维持两者的分离。很不幸的是，将意识形态和宗教观念强加到桧和进化论的这些民选官员，大多也正是不愿承认气候变化科学证据的那些人。别误解我的意思，科学怀疑主义是有好外的，但是寻找更多的证据的科学怀疑主义同意识形态上拒绝科学证据的顽固不化是有本质判别的。我么多民选官员针对科学都是这种态度。联邦政府没能尽到自己的职责，在大学等机构投资科学研究也就毫不奇怪了。如今，gnp中用于研究和开发的联邦支出百分比是五十余年间最低的，这让世界其它国家有机会赶上，甚至超过美国的科学研究，联邦政府在科学上是不及格的，就像很多州政府一样。我们美国不应该背离科学，内部也不应该相互仇视。回到2014届毕业生典礼上来，你们必须引领前路，每个问题上我们都应当遵循证据的指引、倾听人们的意见。只要我们这样做，就没有什么问题解决不了，没有解不开的死结，没有谈不妥的和解。思想交流越自由，政治多样性就越强，我们就越健康，社会就会越强大。我知道，我并没有按照传统方式做毕业典礼演讲。实际上，这甚至可能让我在人文系的论文答辩上无法通过，不过讲这些麻烦事时总不会轻松。毕业生们，在你们一生中，不要害怕说出自己认为正确的东西，无

论它有多么不受欢迎，特别是在捍卫他人权利的时候。捍卫他人权利，有时比捍卫自身权利更为重要。因为当人们寻求抑制其他人自由的时候，你可能会保持沉默。这样你将会助长这种抑制，哪天你可能也会成为受害者。不要沆瀣一气，不要人云亦云，大声说出来，有力地回击，我敢肯定，你会受到批评，我敢肯定，你还会失去一些朋友，树立一些敌人，但历史会站在你这一边!我们的车家也会因此更加强盛!所有毕业生，都经过努力获得了今天的成就，你们可以很自豪很感激!

今晚，在你们离开这所伟大的大学之前，可能会去香港餐厅来一大碗蝎子碗大杂烩，明天你们需要开始行动焉，让我们的国家和世界对每个人都更自由并永远自由下去!

上帝保佑你们!! 好运!!篇二：雪莉 桑德伯格在哈佛2014年毕业典礼上的演讲

雪莉 桑德伯格在哈佛2014年毕业典礼上的演讲

祝贺所有人，你们做到了。我指的不是大学毕业，而你们成功出席今天的毕业典礼。如果我没记错，某些同学虽然昨晚在香港具厅喝了太多蝎子碗调酒，但今天还是来了。由于天气，这种哈 佛还没有弄清如何控制的现象，还胡同学正在温暖的地方喝热可可饮料。所以，你们有很多为今天出席毕业日活动感到自豪的理由。

祝贺你们的家长，你们花了很多钱，让子女能够说自己是从波士顿附近的这所“小学校”毕业的。还要感谢2014届毕业生邀请我来到这次盛典。这对我价值巨大。看到过往演讲者的名单让人有些敬畏，我肯定没有艾米波乐那么搞笑，但我至少比特雷萨修女更幽默。

25年前，一个当时还不认识，但以后成为我丈夫的男人戴夫，从在你们现在从的地方。23年前，我从在你们现在从的地方。戴夫和我这个周末，带着可爱的子女回校，我们都有相同的三角：哈佛的篮球队太棒了!

站在校园中，回忆泉涌。1987年的秋天，我从迈阿密来到这里，怀揣着伟大的梦想，还胡更夸张的发型。我被分配到哈佛伟大建筑的一座历史丰碑~卡纳迪楼，我是说真的，我当时穿着牛仔裙，白色暖裤袜套，运动鞋，还有一件弗罗里达羊毛衫。因为当时我的父母告诉我，所有人都会认为来自弗里达的人很酷。至少，我们那时没有。

对我而言，哈佛给了我很多第一次，包括我的第一件冬装，在迈阿密没有人需要冬装。我的第一份10页的论文，高中没有人会布置这么长的作业。我第一次得c，这之后，我的学监告诉我说，她在招生委员会，她招我进来不是因为我的学术潜能，而是因为我的品性。我在寄宿学校看到的第一个人，我就觉得这个人会是个大麻烦。我还碰到了第一个名字同整座建筑一样的人，这个人名字叫做萨拉威格尔斯沃斯，她和那栋宿舍楼没有关系，当时我很震惊，知道她和宿舍楼没有关系后，我松了一口气。之后，我还碰到了其他人，弗朗西斯斯特劳斯，詹姆斯威尔斯，杰西卡科学中心b。我第一们爱，第一们让我心碎的人。我第一次认识到自己热爱学习，第一次也是最后一次遇到有在读拉丁文。

我毕业那年，我想好自己以后有什么计划，我要进世界银行，对抗全球贫穷，然后我要去法学院，然后我将非营利机构或政府工作，你们院长也讲了，在明天

我对自己毕业后的数十年规划其实并没错，计划只错在了一年后，就算我算到了自己会在私营企业工作，我肯定算不到自己会在脸谱，那时候没有互联网。那时候马克扎克伯格还在读小学，已经开始穿他的标志性帽衫了。没有太早锁死自己的道路，让我有机会进入改变生活的全新领域。有些人可能认为我运气好，我想说，卡纳迪楼后，我又被安排到了设计院。

从你们所坐的地方到你们要去的地方是没有直路的，不要尝试画这样的直线，这不仅会出错，还会错失的大的机遇，例如像互联网这样。

职业不是梯子，那种时代一去不返了，职业更像是立体方格铁架，不要只上下移动，不要只往上看，还要往回，往旁边看，看转角周围。你的职业和生活会有始终，会有曲折，不要对未来的道路太过忧虑，因为生活中充满了惊喜和机遇，你需要对各处可能性持开放态度。今天我要讲的最重要的一点就是，对诚实保持开放的态度。相互之间说老实话，对自己诚实，也对我们所生活的世界诚实。 看看身边的孩子，你就知道他们有多诚实，我朋友贝琪怀孕后，她五岁的儿子山姆想知道宝宝在她身体里的什么地方。李问，妈妈，宝宝的胳膊在你的胳膊里吗?她说，不是，整个宝宝在我的肚子里。他又问，妈妈，宝宝的腿在你的腿里吗?她回答，不山姆，整个宝宝都在我肚子里。然后，山姆问道，那的屁股里有什么?

作为成年人，我们几乎一直很诚实，这是很难得的好事。我怀孕的时候，我问我丈夫我的屁股有没有变大，起初他说没有，但我不断施压，最后，他说，好吧，有一点。我的小姑子一直说我丈夫，也是你们以后在生活中经常会听到有说到的：“这家伙竟然是哈佛出来的。”

在人一旅途中，如果听到一些真话会对我们很有帮助，我在你们这个年龄的时候，还没有俯到这一点。在我毕业的时候，我对爱情生活的关心大于事业，我认识自己没有什么时间了，必须赶紧找个好男人结婚，以免所有好男人都被别人抢走，或者我太老了。于是，我搬到哥伦比亚特区，在我24岁的时候结婚了。那个男人很不错，但我俩似乎总相处不好，我变得不知道自己是住，也不知道未

来在哪里。一年不到，我的婚姻以失败告终，当时我非常难堪，非常痛苦。很多朋友来安慰我，但毫无帮助，他们说：我就知道你们俩结婚是行不通的，我就知道你们俩不合适。没有人在婚姻之前跟我说这些，事前告诉我这些肯定是会更有用。

我熬过了离婚后的这些痛苦的时光，我多希望他们原来有给过我建议，我多希望我曾经问过他们。而在我的职业生涯中，确实有人这无保留的地说出了实施。本科后，我和第一任老板是兰特普得切特，肯尼迪学院授刘的一位经济学家，他今天也在现场。我第二次考虑法学院时，兰特跟我说，我不认为你应该去法学院，我也不认为你想去法学院。你认为自己应该去，大概只是你父母一直以来的要求。他注意到，我在谈话中从未表现出对法律的任何兴趣。我知道，相互之间坦诚相见有多么难，哪怕最亲密的朋友，哪怕是在他们可能犯严重错误的时候，不过我敢打赌，在座的各位知道自己亲密朋友的强项和弱项，知道他们可能掉落在哪个悬崖。我也敢打赌，大部分时候，你们并没有告诉他们，他们也从没问过。

去问这些问题，真相会越问越明。朋友诚实地回答时，你就知道他们是你真正的朋友了。

养成寻求反馈的习惯非常重要，特别是在离开学校系统，没了考试和分数之后。很多工作中，如果你想知道自己干得怎么样，你就需要去询问，而且不要因为听到不喜欢听的而觉得受到冒犯。毫

无疑问，听人批评绝对不会让人高兴，但我们只能在批评中进步。

几年前，马无扎克伯格决定要学中文。为了练习，他开始尝试在一些工作会议中，同中文母语同事交流。你们估计可以想到，他有有限的中文水平，会让谈话很难正常进行。一天，他问一位女性，有脸谱工作怎么样。她用了一个很长很复杂的句子回答。他说，请简单些。她又说了一次。请再简单些!经过几次之后，她只好说了一句很简单的话~我的经理很糟糕!扎克伯格这次真的听懂了。

通常，真相都成了避免冲突的牺牲品。我们在讲真相时，总喜欢使用很多修饰，很多委婉语，淹没了真正要传达的信息。我希望你们在向他询问真相的时候，能用简单明了的语言相互交流。讲到自己的真相时，也应该使用简单明了的语言。

同他人坦诚相见很困难，坦诚对待自己的想法甚至更难。我有了小孩子后，经常会和自己说，我对工作不感到内疚，哪怕没有人问的时候。有人跟我说，雪

莉，今天过得如何。我会说，很棒，我对工作并不感到内疚。有人说，我需要一件羊毛衫吗?我说，没错，外面很冷，我对荼工不感到内疚。我就像一只学舌的鹦鹉。

有天，我在跑步机上，正在读社会学杂志上的论文。上面写道，相比对他人撒谎，人们更喜欢对自己撒谎，而重复最多的那句话，通常就是谎言。

我脸上汗如雨下，心想，我重复最多的一句话是什么，我意识到了，我对工作感到内疚。我做了大量的研究，我同好友内尔斯克维尔花了一整年的时间，写了一本书，讲我的想法和感受。世界上很多女性都同它产生了共鸣，这让我很欣慰。我的书名叫做《格雷的五十道阴影》，可见，你们很多人也都读过这本书。

对于我们所生活的世界保持诚实，我们还有很多要做。我们并不总能看到真相，就算盾到了，我们经常也没有大声说出的勇气。

我和同学们在读大学时，认为性格平等的斗争已经结束。没错，大部分待业的领袖都是男性，但改变应该只是时间的问题。那边的拉蒙特图书馆，就在我们之前一代人的时间，不允许女性进入，但在我们毕业时，一切都平等了。哈佛和拉德克里夫完全统一了。

我们不需要妇权主义，因为我们已经得到了平等。我们错了，我错了，世界在那时并不平等，现在也不平等。我认为现如今，我们并不只是假装没看到真相，并对不平等视而不见，我们还在遭受低预期的践踏。

在美国的上一个选举周期，女性赢得了20%的参议院席位。所有报纸头条都开始叫嚷，女性接管了参议院。我很想大声回应说，等等，大伙，50%的人只占有了20%的席位，这不是接管，这是羞辱。

今年，就在几个月前，硅谷一位很受人新生的知名商业经理人，邀请我到他的社交媒体俱乐部发表演讲。几个月之前，我去过这家俱乐部。一位朋友过生日邀我去的。建筑很漂亮，我在里面游荡。欣赏她，找卫生间。结果一位员工很肯定的告诉我，女卫生间在那里，让我务必不要上楼去，因为女性不允许进入这座建筑，我直到这时才意识到自己来到了一家全男性俱乐部。

剩下的整个晚上，我一直都纳闷，自己来这里做什么，纳闷其他人都在做什么，纳闷旧金山会不会有朋友邀请我去一个不允许黑人、犹太人、亚洲人、或同

性恋者的俱乐部派对。被邀请到这家俱乐部做商业演讲，就更让人不爽了，因为这根本就不是单纯的社交活动场所。

我首先想到的是，这是真的吗?真的。《向前一步》出版后一年，这个家伙竟然认为邀请我到一家全男怀俱乐部做演讲是一个好主意。他不是一个，很多备受尊敬的商务人士，都和他一起发出这份邀请。

转述格鲁马克思的一句话，别担心，我不打算模仿他的声音。我不会去任何不愿加我为会员的俱乐部做演讲。我拒绝了。我还做一件，也许5年前我不会做的事，我回了一长篇饱含激情的电子邮件，告诉他们应当改变这一做法。他们感谢了我的迅速回函，写到?也许情况最终会有所改变。我们的期望值太代了，最终需要转化为立刻才行。

我们需要看到真相，讲出真相。我们容忍歧视，假装机会是平等的。没错，我们选举了一位非裔美国人总统。但各族主义仍然无处不在，不错，确实有女性掌握着财富500强企业，准确的说是5%。但我们的道路上，充满了母老虎、跋扈老女人这样的恶语。而我们的男性同行却被尊为俯视，被认为成就卓著。

非裔美国女性总需要证明自己没有生气，拉丁裔总被打上暴躁急性子的标签。脸谱有一群亚裔男女，胸口带着牌子说，我有可能不够好。

没错，哈佛有一位女性校长，也许两年后，美国也会迎来首位女总统。但要实现目标，希拉里克林顿需要克服两 大重要障碍，一是未知，通常也未疲理解的性别偏见;二是，更糟的，从耶鲁获得的文凭而不是哈佛。

你们可以挑战老一套的做法，在脸谱我们会贴海报激励自己，完成重于完美，财富偏爱勇敢者，不要害怕，勇往直前。我最近又喜欢上一条，在脸谱没有别人的问题。我希望你们也能这样看问题，问题没有别人 的问题。性别不平等对男性和女性都 没有好处，各族主义对白人和少数族裔都是伤害，缺乏平等机会，让我们所有人无法发挥自己的真正潜能。

在你们毕业的今天，我希望给你们一些压力，让你认识到，真相虽然有时难以接受，但很重要。不要逃避，碰到了就要勇于面对。 感谢凯蒂，感谢福斯特校长、哈佛大学理事会成员、监事会成员，还有迎接我回校的所有教职员工、校友及同学们。

站在这里我非常激动，不仅是因为我能在哈佛大学第363届毕业典礼上面对各位优秀的毕业生及校友讲话，更是因为能站在去年奥普拉曾站过的地方。我的天啊。 let me begin with the first order of business: let‘s have a big round of applause for the class of 2014. they‘ve earned it. 下面让我从最重要的环节开始：让我们把最热烈的掌声送给2014届毕业生们，这是他们赢得的。

as excited as the graduates are, they are probably even more exhausted after the past few weeks. and parents, i‘m not referring to their final exams. i‘m talking about the senior olympics, the last chance dance, and the booze cruise – i mean, the moonlight cruise. 毕业生们都一样的兴奋，但同时这几周或许也让他们有些精疲力竭吧。各位家长，我指的可不是期末考试哦，我说的是高年级运动会、最后一次交际舞会和游轮酒宴——我指的是午夜巡游会。

anyway，this year has been exciting on campus：harvard beat yale for the seventh straight time in football. the men‘s basketball team went to the second round of the ncaa tournament for the second straight year. and the men‘s squash team won national championship. 不管怎样，今年的校园很令人振奋：哈佛橄榄球队连续第七次击败耶鲁，男子篮球队连续两年打入全国大学体育协会冠军赛的第二轮，还有男子壁球队则获得了全国冠军。

who‘d a thunk it: harvard, an athletic powerhouse! pretty soon they‘re going to be asking whether you have academics to go along with your athletic programs. 谁会想到：哈佛，竟然有如此强大的运动天团!不久后，可能就会有人问，你们的学术水平是否能和体育水平相媲美?

my personal connection to harvard began in 1964, when i graduated from johns hopkins university in baltimore and matriculated here at the b-school. 我个人与哈佛的关系缘起于1964年，当时我从巴尔地摩的约翰霍普金斯大学毕业并到这里的商学院就读。 you‘re probably asking yourself or maybe whispering to the person next to you: how did he ever get into harvard business school, particularly since his stellar academic record, where he always made the top half of the class possible? i have no idea. the only people more surprised than me were my professors. 你们或许在想，或者和身旁的人窃窃私语：他是如何进入哈佛商学院的呢?尤其是他的学术成绩总能排在全班前列?我不知道，比我自己更惊讶的可能只有我的教授了。

anyway, here i am again back in cambridge. and i have noticed that a few things have changed since i was a student here. elsie‘s – a sandwich spot i used to love near the square – is now a burrito shop. the wursthaus – which had great beer and sausage – is now an artisanal gastro-pub, whatever that is. and the old holyoke center is now named the smith campus center. 总之，今天我又回到了剑桥[注：剑桥为哈佛大学所在地]。我注意到，这里跟我学生时代有了一些变化。广场附近我曾经很喜欢的三文治售卖点爱尔诗，现在成了卷饼店。曾经提供美味啤酒和香肠的乌斯特豪斯，现在成了工艺美食酒吧，不知道这是啥。还有原来的霍利约克中心

现在改名为史密斯校园中心。 don‘t you just hate it when alumni put their names all over everything? i was thinking about that this morning as i walked into the bloomberg center on the harvard business school campus across the river. but the good news is, harvard remains what it was when i first arrived on campus 50 years ago: america‘s most prestigious university. and, like other great universities, it lies at the heart of the american experiment in democracy. 不过也有好消息，就是哈佛仍然秉承着50年前我刚入校时的优良传统，依旧是美国最负盛名的大学。和其他顶尖的大学一样，她处在美国民主实验的核心位置。

这些顶尖大学的目的不仅是增长知识，还包括推进我们民族的理想。顶尖大学是让各种背景、各种信仰、探寻各种问题的人，能到此自由开放地学习和探讨想法的地方。

today, i‘d like to talk with you about how important it is for that freedom to exist for everyone, no matter how strongly we may disagree with another‘s viewpoint. 今天我想跟大家聊聊，这种自由的存在对于每个人来说是多么的重要，无论我们多么不认同别人的观点。

tolerance for other people‘s ideas, and the freedom to express your own, are inseparable values at great universities. joined together, they form a sacred trust that holds the basis of our democratic society. 包容他人观点，以及表达自身言论的自由，是顶尖大学不可分割的价值。两者结合在一起，构成了支撑民主社会根基的一种神圣的信赖。

but let me tell you that trust is perpetually vulnerable to the tyrannical tendencies of monarchs, mobs, and majorities. and lately, we have seen those tendencies manifest themselves too often, both on college campuses and in our society. 不过我要告诉大家，这种信赖在君主、暴民、多数派的专制倾向下是很脆弱的。最近，大家频繁地看到这些倾向真实发生的事例，不管是在大学校园或社会。

that‘s the bad news – and unfortunately, i think both harvard, and my own city of new york, have been witnesses to this trend. 这是个坏消息，而且很不幸的是，我认为哈佛以及我自己所在的城市纽约，也都目睹过这种倾向。

first, for new york city. several years ago, as you may remember, some people tried to stop the development of a mosque a few blocks from the world trade center site. 首先，来谈谈纽约市。你们可能记得，几年前有些人试图阻止在世贸中心旧址几个街区远的地方建一座清真寺的计划。

it was an emotional issue, and polls showed that two-thirds of americans were against a mosque being built there. even the anti-defamation league – widely regarded as the country‘s most ardent defender of religious freedom – declared its opposition to the project. 这是个情感的议题，民意调查显示超过2/3的美国人反对在该地修建清真寺。即便是反诽谤联盟——这个被公认为全国宗教自由最狂热的捍卫者，也公然反对该项计划。 the opponents held rallies and demonstrations. they denounced the developers，and they demanded that city government stop its construction. that was their right and we protected their right to protest. but they could not have been more wrong. and we refused to cave in to their demands. 反对者发动集会和示威活动。他们谴责开发商，要求市政府终止这项工程。那是他们的权利，我们保障他们抗议的权利。但他们的观点绝对是错误的，我们拒绝向他们的要求妥协。 the idea that government would single out a particular religion, and block its believers – and only its believers – from building a house of worship in a particular area is diametrically opposed to the moral principles that gave rise to our great nation and the constitutional protections that have sustained it. 要求政府单独选出一个特定的宗教、阻止并且只阻止其信徒在特定区域建立其宗教活动场所的想法，这完全悖离伟大民族的道德原则，是宪法保护所不允许的。

our union of 50 states rests on the union of two values: freedom and tolerance. and it is that union of values that the terrorists who attacked us on september 11th, 2001 and on april 15th, 2013 found most threatening. 我们这50州联邦的建立取决两大价值的结合：自由和包容。正是这两大价值的结合，让2001年9月11日和2013年4月15日袭击我们的恐怖分子备感威胁。 to them, we were a god-less country. 在他们看来，我们是一个无神的国度。

but in fact, there is no country that protects the core of every faith and philosophy known to human kind – free will – more than the united states of america. that protection, however, rests upon our constant vigilance. 但事实上，没有任何一个国家，比美国更能保护人类各种信仰和哲学认识的核心——自由意志。不过，这种保护需要依赖于我们时刻的警觉。

we like to think that the principle of separation of church and state is settled. it is not. and it never will be. it is up to us to guard it fiercely and to ensure that equality under the law means equality under the law for everyone. 我们会这么认为：政教分离的原则已经确立。实际上并没有，而且永远不会。我们需要坚决地拥护它，以确保法律条文下规定的人人平等，对每个人都是平等的。

if you want the freedom to worship as you wish, to speak as you wish, and to marry whom you wish, you must tolerate my freedom to do so or not do so as well. 如果你希望你的信仰、言论和选择配偶的自由，如你所愿，你就必须包容我这样做或不这样做的自由。

第二篇：哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲

朱棣文

尊敬的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位毕业生同学：

感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。

我不太肯定，自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是，英国亿万身家的小说家J.K. Rowling女士，她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔?盖茨先生，他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑天才。今年很遗憾，你们的演讲人是我，虽然我不是很有钱，但是至少我是一个书呆子。

我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位，这对我很重要，也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道，在学术上，我是我们家的异类。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士，在哈佛大学得到哲学博士;我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想我的妈妈会高兴。但是，我错了。消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她听了只说：‚这是好消息，不过我想知道，你下次什么时候来看我?‛如今在我们兄弟当中，我最终也拿到了哈佛学位，我想这一次，她会感到满意。 在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演说，还有一个难处，那就是你们中有些人可能有意见，不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我，因为两个理由。

首先，为了产生影响力，很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中，第一个发现者是重要的，但是在得到公认前，最后一个做出这个发现的人也许更重要。

其次，一个借鉴他人的作者，正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下：‚我最好的一些思想，都是从古人那里偷来的。‛画家毕加索宣称‚优秀的艺术家借鉴，伟大的艺术家偷窃。‛那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者，就不适用同样的标准呢?

我还要指出一点，向哈佛毕业生发表演说，对我来说是有讽刺意味的，因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请，一定会被拒绝。我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任，她向我保证，如果当年我申请斯坦福大学，她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目，她强烈反对我使用‚拒绝‛这个词，她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中，她总是写：‚我们无法提供你入学机会。‛我分不清两者到底有何差别。不过，那些大热门学校的招生主任总是很现实的，堪称‚拒绝他人的主任‛。很显然，我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。

毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章——轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少有价值，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。但是，就像王尔德说的：‚对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。‛所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从整体看，自学能力是优秀的文科教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，不要把荣誉留给自己。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的90%。

电影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd，就完全理解这一点。他说：‚多年前，母亲曾经对我说，‘Elwood，活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个好人。’‛我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了。……但是，我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。

我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂，所以不能空手走过，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。在这些年中，我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。

我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。物质生活和你实现的占有欲，都不会产生自豪。只有那些受你影响、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪。

在贝尔实验室待了9年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的‚真实世界‛——大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法，可以引用Mary Poppins的话，‚实际上十全十美‛。但是，我想离开那种仅仅是科学论文的生活。我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。

我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述： ‚在大学工作，最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃，充满热情，思想自由，还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到，但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中只有一段时间是思想自由和充满创造力，那么那段时间就是你在读大学。进校时，学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑，渐渐地，他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们开始独立思考。从那时起，就是我开始向他们学习了。‛

我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事，都非常优秀。他们中有30多人，现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在，我偶尔还会周末上网，向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。

我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现，以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。

过去几十年中，我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不是现在才有的，过去60万年中就发生了6次冰河期。但是，现在的测量表明气候变化加速了。北极冰盖在9月份的大小，只相当于50年前的一半。1870年起，人们开始测量海平面上升的速度，现在的速度是那时的5倍。一个重大的科学发现就这样产生了。科学第一次在人类历史上，预测出我们的行为对50~100年后的世界有何影响。这些变化的原因是，从工业革命开始，人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加了。这使得地球的平均气温上升了0.8摄氏度。即使我们立刻停止所有温室气体的排放，气温仍然将比过去上升大约1度。因为在气温达到均衡前，海水温度的上升将持续几十年。

如果全世界保持现在的经济模式不变，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)预测，本世纪末将有50%的可能，气温至少上升5度。这听起来好像不多，但是让我来提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的气温也仅仅只下降了6度。那时，俄亥俄州和费城以下的大部分美国和加拿大的土地，都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升5度的地球，将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快，包括人类在内的许多生物，都将很难适应。比如，有人告诉我，在更温暖的环境中，昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇，是不是就是前兆。

我们还面临另一个幽灵，那就是非线性的‚气候引爆点‛，这会带来许多严重得多的变化。‚气候引爆点‛的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经过千万年的累积形成，其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化，微生物就将广泛繁殖，使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物，它们在生物学特性上的差异，我们都很熟悉。在冷库中，冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解冻，食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层，将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳?即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来，可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生，局势就失控了。

气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜间照明，长途旅行，环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础，我们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的3%，但是我们消耗全世界25%的能源。与此形成对照，全世界还有16亿人没有电，数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活，但是他们都看在眼里，他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。

这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体，我们到底愿意付出多少，来缓和气候变化?这种变化在100年前，根本没人想到过。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作，为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界，但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体?能不能为未来的人们承担起责任?

虽然我忧心忡忡，但是还是对未来抱乐观态度，这个问题将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯?伯克利国家实验室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家，来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了4年半，是这个实验室78年的历史中，任期最短的主任，但是当我离任时，在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校，一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。

能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员，我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机，可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路，那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出信息，未来并非在劫难逃，而是乐观的，我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏，但是我们能够并且将会成功。

我们已经有了一些答案，可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果，而是已经成熟掉在地上了，就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比如，我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少80%，增加的投资在15年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的40%，节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减少三分之一。

我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器，这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法，大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。

在未来的几十年中，我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命，美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰球选手Wayne Gretzky被问到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答说：‚我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它现在的位置。‛美国也应该这样做。

奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源，打下新的基础。但是我们还有很多不知道的地方。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中，我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖，请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势，然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师，我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家，我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家，我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。

最后，你们是人道主义者，我要求你们为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一，就是最受伤害的人，恰恰就是最无辜的人——那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。

这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。 第一段引语来自马丁〃路德〃金。这是1967年他对越南战争结束的评论，但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。

‚我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心，抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂;我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读，信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是，这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。……我的朋友，眼前的事实就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中，有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。‛

第二段引语来自威廉〃福克纳。1950年12月10月，他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说，谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下，人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。

‚我相信人类不会仅仅存在，他还将胜利。人类是不朽的，这不是因为万物当中仅仅他拥有发言权，而是因为他有一个灵魂，一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。诗人、作家的责任就是书写这种精神。他们有权力升华人类的心灵，使人类回忆起过去曾经使他无比光荣的东西——勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯和牺牲。‛

各位同学，你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时，我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神，积极发声，在大大小小各个方面帮助改进这个世界。这会给你们带来最大的满足感。

最后，请接受我最热烈的祝贺。希望你们成功，也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球，为了你们的孩子，以及未来所有的孩子。

第三篇：JK哈佛毕业典礼演讲

the fringe benefits of failure, and the importance of imagination j.k. rowling tercentenary theatre, june 5, 2008 失败的好处和想象力的重要性

哈佛大学毕业典礼 2008年6月5日

president faust, members of the harvard corporation and the board of overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates, 福斯特主席，哈佛公司和监察委员会的各位成员，

各位老师、家长、全体毕业生们：

首先请允许我说一声谢谢。哈佛不仅给了我无上的荣誉，连日来为这个演讲经受的恐惧和紧张，更令我减肥成功。这真是一个双赢的局面。现在我要做的就是深呼吸几下，眯着眼睛看看前面的大红横幅，安慰自己正在世界上最大的魔法学院聚会上。

发表毕业演说是一个巨大的责任，至少在我回忆自己当年的毕业典礼前是这么认为的。那天做演讲的是英国著名的哲学家baroness mary warnock，对她演讲的回忆，对我写今天的演

讲稿，产生了极大的帮助，因为我不记得她说过的任何一句话了。这个发现让我释然，让我不再担心我可能会无意中影响你放弃在商业，法律或政治上的大好前途，转而醉心于成为一个快乐的魔法师。

你们看，如果在若干年后你们还记得―快乐的魔法师‖这个笑话，那就证明我已经超越了baroness mary warnock。建立可实现的目标——这是提高自我的第一步。

actually, i have wracked my mind and heart for what i ought to say to you today. i have asked myself what i wish i had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons i have learned in the 21 years that has expired between that day and this. 实际上，我为今天应该和大家谈些什么绞尽了脑汁。我问自己什么是我希望早在毕业典礼上就该了解的，而从那时起到现在的21年间，我又得到了什么重要的启示。

我想到了两个答案。在这美好的一天，当我们一起庆祝你们取得学业成就的时刻，我希望告诉你们失败有什么样的益处;在你们即将迈向―现实生活‖的道路之际，我还要褒扬想象力的重要性。

these may seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but bear with me. 这些似乎是不切实际或自相矛盾的选择，但请先容我讲完。

回顾21岁刚刚毕业时的自己，对于今天42岁的我来说，是一个稍微不太舒服的经历。可以说，我人生的前一部分，一直挣扎在自己的雄心和身边的人对我的期望之间。 i was convinced that the only thing i wanted to do, ever, was to write novels. however, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension. 我一直深信，自己唯一想做的事情，就是写小说。不过，我的父母，他们都来自贫穷(赤贫)的背景，没有任何一人上过大学，坚持认为我过度的想象力是一个令人惊讶的个人怪癖，根本不足以让我支付按揭，或者取得足够的养老金。

i know the irony strikes like with the force of a cartoon anvil now, but„ languages. hardly had my parents car rounded the corner at the end of the road than i ditched german and scuttled off down the classics corridor. 他们希望我去拿个职业学位，而我想去攻读英国文学。最后，达成了一个双方都不甚满意的妥协：我改学现代语言。可是等到父母一走开，我立刻放弃了德语而报名学习古典文学。 i cannot remember telling my parents that i was studying classics; they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day. of all the subjects on this planet, i think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom. 我不记得将这事告诉了父母，他们可能是在我毕业典礼那一天才发现的。我想，在全世界的所有专业中，他们也许认为，不会有比研究希腊神话更没用的专业了，根本无法换来一间独立宽敞的卫生间。 i would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that i do not blame my parents for their point of view. there is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction; the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you. what is more, i cannot criticise my parents for hoping that i would never experience poverty. they had been poor themselves, and i have since been poor, and i quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience. poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression; it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships. climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools. 我想澄清一下：我不会因为父母的观点，而责怪他们。埋怨父母给你指错方向是有一个时间段的。当你成长到可以控制自我方向的时候，你就要自己承担责任了。尤其是，我不会因为父母希望我不要过穷日子，而责怪他们。他们一直很贫穷，我后来也一度很穷，所以我很理解他们。贫穷并不是一种高贵的经历，它带来恐惧、压力、有时还有绝望，它意味着许许多多的羞辱和艰辛。靠自己的努力摆脱贫穷，确实可以引以自豪，但贫穷本身只有对傻瓜而言才是浪漫的。

what i feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. 我在你们这个年龄，最害怕的不是贫穷，而是失败。

at your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where i had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, i had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers. 我在您们这么大时，明显缺乏在大学学习的动力，我花了太久时间在咖啡吧写故事，而在课堂的时间却很少。我有一个通过考试的诀窍，并且数年间一直让我在大学生活和同龄人中不落人后。

i am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated, you have never known hardship or heartbreak. talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the fates, and i do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of uuffled privilege and contentment. 我不想愚蠢地假设，因为你们年轻、有天份，并且受过良好的教育，就从来没有遇到困难或心碎的时刻。才华和智慧从来不会使任何人绝对的避免遭受命运的反复无常;我也不会假

设大家坐在这里冷静地满足于自身的优越感。

however, the fact that you are graduating from harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure. you might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success. indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average persons idea of success, so high have you already flown academically. 相反，你们是哈佛毕业生的这个事实，意味着你们并不很了解失败。你们也许极其渴望成功，所以非常害怕失败。说实话，你们眼中的失败，很可能就是普通人眼中的成功，毕竟你们在学业上已经达到很高的高度了。

最终，我们所有人都必须自己决定什么算作失败，但如果你愿意，世界是相当渴望给你一套标准的。所以我承认命运的公平，从任何传统的标准看，在我毕业仅仅七年后的日子里，我的失败达到了史诗般空前的规模：短命的婚姻闪电般地破裂，我又失业成了一个艰难的单身母亲。除了流浪汉，我是当代英国最穷的人之一，真的一无所有。当年父母和我自己对未来的担忧，现在都变成了现实。按照惯常的标准来看，我也是我所知道的最失败的人。 now, i am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun. that period of my life was a dark one, and i had no idea that there was going to be what the press has since represented as a kind of fairy tale resolution. i had no idea how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality. 现在，我不打算站在这里告诉你们，失败是有趣的。那段日子是我生命中的黑暗岁月，我不知道它是否代表童话故事里需要历经的磨难，更不知道自己还要在黑暗中走多久。很长一段时间里，前面留给我的只是希望，而不是现实。 so why do i talk about the benefits of failure? simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. i stopped pretending to myself that i was anything other than what i was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. had i really succeeded at anything else, i might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena i believed i truly belonged. i was set free, because my greatest fear had been realised, and i was still alive, and i still had a daughter whom i adored, and i had an old typewriter and a big idea. and so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which i rebuilt my life. 那么为什么我要谈论失败的好处呢?因为失败意味着剥离掉那些不必要的东西。我因此不再伪装自己、远离自我，而重新开始把所有精力放在对我最重要的事情上。如果不是没有在其他领域成功过，我可能就不会找到，在一个我确信真正属于的舞台上取得成功的决心。我获得了自由，因为最害怕的虽然已经发生了，但我还活着，我仍然有一个我深爱的女儿，我还有一个旧打字机和一个很大的想法。所以困境的谷底，成为我重建生活的坚实基础。 you might never fail on the scale i did, but some failure in life is inevitable. it is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all – in which case, you fail by default. 你们可能永远没有达到我经历的那种失败程度，但有些失败，在生活中是不可避免的。生活不可能没有一点失败，除非你生活的万般小心，而那也意味着你没有真正在生活了。无论怎样，有些失败还是注定地要发生。

failure gave me an inner security that i had never attained by passing examinations. failure taught me things about myself that i could have learned no other way. i discovered that i had a strong will, and more discipline than i had suspected; i also found out that i had friends whose value was truly above rubies. 失败使我的内心产生一种安全感，这是我从考试中没有得到过的。失败让我看清自己，这也是我通过其他方式无法体会的。我发现，我比自己认为的，要有更强的意志和决心。我还发现，我拥有比宝石更加珍贵的朋友。 the knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive. you will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more to me than any qualification i ever earned. 从挫折中获得智慧、变得坚强，意味着你比以往任何时候都更有能力生存。只有在逆境来临的时候，你才会真正认识你自己，了解身边的人。这种了解是真正的财富，虽然是用痛苦换来的，但比我以前得到的任何资格证书都有用。

如果给我一部时间机器，我会告诉21岁的自己，人的幸福在于知道生活不是一份漂亮的成绩单，你的资历、简历，都不是你的生活，虽然你会碰到很多与我同龄或更老一点的人今天依然还在混淆两者。生活是艰辛的，复杂的，超出任何人的控制能力，而谦恭地了解这一点，将使你历经沧桑后能够更好的生存。

you might think that i chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life, but that is not wholly so. though i will defend the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp, i have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense. imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation. in its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathize with humans whose experiences we have never shared. 对于第二个主题的选择——想象力的重要性——你们可能会认为是因为它对我重建生活起到了帮助，但事实并非完全如此。虽然我愿誓死捍卫睡前要给孩子讲故事的价值观，我对想象力的理解已经有了更广泛的含义。想象力不仅仅是人类设想还不存在的事物这种独特的能力，为所有发明和创新提供源泉，它还是人类改造和揭露现实的能力，使我们同情自己不曾经受的他人苦难。篇二：08年jk罗琳在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲(中英双语) the fringe benefits of failure, and the importance of imagination j.k. rowling tercentenary theatre, june 5, 2008失败的好处和想象力的重要性

president faust, members of the harvard corporation and the board of overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates, 福斯特主席，哈佛公司和监察委员会的各位成员，

各位老师、家长、全体毕业生们：

发表毕业演说是一个巨大的责任，至少在我回忆自己当年的毕业典礼前是这么认为的。那天做演讲的是英国著名的哲学家baroness mary warnock，对她演讲的回忆，对我写今天的演讲稿，产生了极大的帮助，因为我不记得她说过的任何一句话了。这个发现让我释然，让我不再担心我可能会无意中影响你放弃在商业，法律或政治上的大好前途，转而醉心于成为一个快乐的魔法师。

你们看，如果在若干年后你们还记得“快乐的魔法师”这个笑话，那就证明我已经超越了baroness mary warnock。建立可实现的目标——这是提高自我的第一步。

actually, i have wracked my mind and heart for what i ought to say to you today. i have asked myself what i wish i had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons i have learned in the 21 years that has expired between that day and this. 实际上，我为今天应该和大家谈些什么绞尽了脑汁。我问自己什么是我希望早在毕业典礼上就该了解的，而从那时起到现在的21年间，我又得到了什么重要的启示。

业成就的时刻，我希望告诉你们失败有什么样的益处;在你们即将迈向“现实生活”的道路之际，我还要褒扬想象力的重要性。

these may seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but bear with me. 这些似乎是不切实际或自相矛盾的选择，但请先容我讲完。

回顾21岁刚刚毕业时的自己，对于今天42岁的我来说，是一个稍微不太舒服的经历。可以说，我人生的前一部分，一直挣扎在自己的雄心和身边的人对我的期望之间。 i was convinced that the only thing i wanted to do, ever, was to write novels. however, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension.我一直深信，自己唯一想做的事情，就是写小说。不过，我的父母，他们都来自贫穷(赤贫)的背景，没有任何一人上过大学，坚持认为我过度的想象力是一个令人惊讶的个人怪癖，根本不足以让我支付按揭，或者取得足够的养老金。 i know the irony strikes like with the force of a cartoon anvil now, but„

他们希望我去拿个职业学位，而我想去攻读英国文学。最后，达成了一个双方都不甚满意的妥协：我改学现代语言。可是等到父母一走开，我立刻放弃了德语而报名学习古典文学。 i cannot remember telling my parents that i was studying classics; they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day. of all the subjects on this planet, i think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.我不记得将这事告诉了父母，他们可能是在我毕业典礼那一天才发现的。我想，在全世界的所有专业中，他们也许认为，不会有比研究希腊神话更没用的专业了，根本无法换来一间独立宽敞的卫生间。

i would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that i do not blame my parents for their point of view. there is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction; the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you. what is more, i cannot criticise my parents for hoping that i would never experience poverty. they had been poor themselves, and i have since been poor, and i quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience. poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression; it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships. climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools. 我想澄清一下：我不会因为父母的观点，而责怪他们。埋怨父母给你指错方向是有一个时间

段的。当你成长到可以控制自我方向的时候，你就要自己承担责任了。尤其是，我不会因为父母希望我不要过穷日子，而责怪他们。他们一直很贫穷，我后来也一度很穷，所以我很理解他们。贫穷并不是一种高贵的经历，它带来恐惧、压力、有时还有绝望，它意味着许许多多的羞辱和艰辛。靠自己的努力摆脱贫穷，确实可以引以自豪，但贫穷本身只有对傻瓜而言才是浪漫的。

what i feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. 我在你们这个年龄，最害怕的不是贫穷，而是失败。

at your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where i had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, i had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers. 我在您们这么大时，明显缺乏在大学学习的动力，我花了太久时间在咖啡吧写故事，而在课堂的时间却很少。我有一个通过考试的诀窍，并且数年间一直让我在大学生活和同龄人中不落人后。

i am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated, you have never known hardship or heartbreak. talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the fates, and i do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of uuffled privilege and contentment. 我不想愚蠢地假设，因为你们年轻、有天份，并且受过良好的教育，就从来没有遇到困难或心碎的时刻。才华和智慧从来不会使任何人绝对的避免遭受命运的反复无常;我也不会假设大家坐在这里冷静地满足于自身的优越感。

however, the fact that you are graduating from harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure. you might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success. indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average persons idea of success, so high have you already flown academically. 相反，你们是哈佛毕业生的这个事实，意味着你们并不很了解失败。你们也许极其渴望成功，所以非常害怕失败。说实话，你们眼中的失败，很可能就是普通人眼中的成功，毕竟你们在学业上已经达到很高的高度了。so today, i can wish you nothing better than similar friendships. and tomorrow, i hope that even if you remember not a single word of mine, you remember those of seneca, another of those old romans i met when i fled down the classics corridor, in retreat from career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom: 所以今天我可以给你们的，没有比拥有知己更好的祝福了。明天，我希望即使你们不记得我说的任何一个字，你们还能记得哲学家塞内加的一句至理明言。我当年没有顺着事业的阶梯向上攀爬，转而与他在古典文学的殿堂相遇，他的古老智慧给了我人生的启迪： as is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters. 生活就像故事一样：不在乎长短，而在于质量，这才是最重要的。 i wish you all very good lives.我祝愿你们都有美好的生活。

thank you very much.非常感谢大家。篇三：2008年jk罗琳：哈佛毕业典礼演讲(中英文对照) 2008年jk罗琳哈佛毕业典礼演讲(中英文对照) 默认分类2009-07-17 20:13阅读1281评论0 字号： 大 中 小

“2008年6月5日是哈佛大学的毕业典礼，请来的演讲嘉宾是《哈利波特》的作者j.k.罗琳女士。她的演讲题目是《失败的好处和想象的重要性》(the fringe benefits of failure, and the importance of imaginatio n)。我读了一遍讲稿，觉得很好，很感染人。

她几乎没有谈到哈里波特，而是说了年轻时的一些经历。虽然j·k·

罗琳现在很有钱，是英国仅次于女皇的最富有的女人，但是她曾经有一段非常艰辛的日子，30岁了，还差点流落街头。她主要谈的是，自己从

这段经历中学到的东西。

第四篇：奥普拉哈佛毕业典礼演讲中英

奥普拉哈佛毕业典礼演讲：人生唯一目标就是做真实的自己 oh my goodness! im at haaaaaarvard! thats how oprah winfrey began her speech at harvard university graduation ceremony—in her spirited, signature way. winfrey also received an honorary doctor of law degree from the university before taking to the podium. 温弗瑞演讲中4条最励志的语录

谈失败的好处 there is no such thing as failure. failure is just life trying to move us in another direction. 世间并不存在“失败”，那不过是生活想让我们换个方向走走罢了。 learn from every mistake, because every experience, particularly your mistakes, are there to teach you and force you into being more who you are. 要从错误中吸取教训，因为你的每一次经历、尤其是你犯下的错误，都将帮助你、推动你更好地做自己。

2. on her own biggest personal failure. 谈自身最大的失败

我突然想到某首古老赞美诗中的一句话：“困难只是暂时的”，我遇到的麻烦同样会有结束的一天。然后我想，我会将这一页翻过去，我会好起来的。

谈职业生涯所做访谈的共同性 beyonce in all her beyonce-ness ... they all want to know: was that okay? did you hear me? did you see me? did what i said mean anything to you? 我发现，我所有的访谈有一个共同性，那就是人人都希望自己被认可、被理解。 they all want to know: was that okay? did you hear me? did you see me? did what i said mean anything to you? 我的采访对象都想知道：“我的表现ok吗?你听到我看到我吗?我说的话对你有价值吗?”

4. on the key to success and happiness. 谈成功和快乐的关键 you will find true success and happiness if you have only one goal. there really is only one, and that is this: to fulfill the highest, most truthful expression of yourself as a human being. 如果你只认准一个目标，那你就能获得真正的成功和快乐。人生确实只有一个目标，那就是：最大程度地、最真实地展现自己。

“不要问自己世界需要什么，问问是什么让你精神抖擞地活着，然后就去做，因为世界所需要的就是一个个朝气蓬勃的人。”篇二：奥普拉哈佛毕业典礼演讲

奥普拉哈佛毕业典礼演讲：人生唯一目标就是做真实的自己 oprah winfrey: oh my goodness! im at harvard! wow! to president faust, my fellow honorands, carl that was so beautiful, thank you so much, and james rothenberg, stephanie wilson, harvard faculty with a special bow to my friend dr. henry lewis gates. oprah winfrey: all of you alumni with a special bow to the class of 88, your hundred fifteen million dollars. oprah winfrey: and to you, members of the harvard class of 2013! hello! oprah winfrey: and we understand that most americans believe in a clear path to citizenship for the 12,000,000 undocumented immigrants who reside in this country because its possible to both enforce our篇三：奥普拉2013年哈佛大学毕业演讲(英文版) oh my goodness! im at harvard! wow! to president faust, my fellow honorands, carl that was so beautiful, thank you so much, and james rothenberg, stephanie wilson, harvard faculty with a special bow to my friend dr. henry lewis gates. all of you alumni with a special bow to the class of 88, your hundred fifteen million dollars. and to you, members of the harvard class of 2013! hello! decided as you will at some point, that it was time to recalculate, find new territory, break new ground. so i ended the show and launched own, the oprah winfrey network. the initials just worked out for me. so one year later after launching own nearly every media outlet had proclaimed that my new venture was a flop. not just a flop but a big bold flop they call it. i can still remember the day i opened up usa today and read the headline oprah, not quite standing on her own. i mean really, usa today? now thats the nice newspaper! it really was this time last year the worst period in my professional life. i was stressed and i was frustrated and quite frankly i was actually i was embarrassed. and it was all because i wanted to do it by the time i got to speak to you all so thank you so much. you dont know what motivation you were for me, thank you. im even where is he or she? bring them in. its an impressive calling card that can lead to even and so what i did was i simply asked our viewers do what you can wherever you are, from wherever you sit in life. give me your time or your talent your money if you have it. and they did. extend yourself in kindness to other human beings wherever you can. and together we built 55 schools in 12 different countries and restored nearly 300 homes that were devastated by hurricanes rita and katrina. so the angel network i have been on the air for a long time, but it was the angel network that actually focused my internal g.p.s. it helped me to decide that i wasnt going to just be on tv every day but that the goal of my shows, added this, you simply cannot demonize or vilify someone who doesnt agree with you, because the minute you do that, your discussion is over. and we cannot do that any longer. the problem is too enormous. there has to be some way that this darkness can be banished with light. in our political system and in the media we often see the reflection of a country that is polarized, that is paralyzed and is self-interested. and yet, i know you know the truth. we all know that we are better than the cynicism and the pessimism that is regurgitated throughout washington and the 24-hour cable news cycle. not my channel, by the way. we understand that the vast majority of people in this and we understand. i know you do because you went to harvard. there are people from both parties and no party believe that indigent mothers and families should have access to healthy food and a roof over their heads and a strong public education because here in the richest nation on earth we can afford a basic level of security and opportunity. so the question is what are we going to do about it? really what are you going to do about it? maybe you agree with these beliefs. maybe you dont. maybe you care about these issues and maybe there are other challenges that you, class of 2013, are passionate about. maybe you want to make a difference by serving in government. maybe you want to launch your own television show. or maybe you simply want to collect some change. your parents would appreciate that about now. the point is your generation is charged with this task of breaking through what the body politic has thus far made impervious to change. each of you has been blessed with this enormous disappointed, youd be too dejected to repeat that same kind of turnout in 2012 election and you proved them wrong by showing up in even greater numbers. thats who you are. this generation your generation i know has developed a finely honed radar for b.s. can you say b.s. at harvard? the spin and phoniness and artificial nastiness that saturates so much of our national debate. i know you all understand better than most that real progress requires authentic- an authentic way of being, honesty, and above all that youll have the courage to look them in the eye and hear their point of view and help make sure that the speed and distance and anonymity of our world doesnt cause us to lose our ability to stand in somebody elses shoes and recognize all that we share as a people. this is imperative for you as an individual and for our success as a nation. there has to be some way that this darkness can be banished with light, says the man whose little boy was massacred on just an ordinary friday in december. so whether you call it soul or spirit or higher self, intelligence, there is i know this, there is a light inside each of you all of us that illuminates your very human beingness if you let it. and as a young girl from rural mississippi i learned long ago that being myself was much easier than pretending to be barbara walters. although when i first started because i had barbara in my head i would try to sit like barbara, talk like barbara, move like barbara and then one night i was on the news reading the news and i called canada can-a-da, and that was the end of me being barbara. i cracked myself up on tv. couldnt stop laughing and my real personality came through and i figured out oh gee, i can be a much better oprah than i could be a pretend barbara. oh my goodness! im at harvard! wow! to president faust, my fellow honorands, carl that was so beautiful, thank you so much, and james rothenberg, stephanie wilson, harvard faculty with a special bow to my friend dr. henry lewis gates. all of you alumni with a special bow to the class of 88, your hundred fifteen million dollars. and to you, members of the harvard class of 2013! hello! a personality. but it helps. and while i may not have graduated from here i admit that my 比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲

尊敬的bok校长，rudenstine前校长，即将上任的faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位同学： 有一句话我等了三十年，现在终于可以说了：“老爸，我总是跟你说，我会回来拿到我的学位的!” i want to thank harvard for this timely honor. ill be changing my job next year „

and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年，我就要换工作了(注：指从微软公司退休)??我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位，这真是不错啊。 i applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. for my part, im just happy that the crimson has called me harvards most successful dropout. i guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class „ i did the best of everyone who failed. 我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴，你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言??在所有的失败者里，我做得最好。 but i also want to be recognized as the guy who got steve ballmer to drop out of business school. im a bad influence. thats why i was invited to speak at your graduation. if i had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today. 但是，我还要提醒大家，我使得steve ballmer(注：微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了。因此，我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲，那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多吧。

harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. academic life was fascinating. i used to sit in on lots of classes i hadnt even signed up for. and dorm life was terrific. i lived up at radcliffe, in currier house. there were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew i didnt worry about getting up in the morning. thats how i came to be the leader of the anti-social group. we clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people. 对我来说，哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣，我常去旁听我没选修的课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒，我在radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很多人

一直待到半夜，讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头，我们互相粘在一起，做出一种拒绝所有正常学生的姿态。 radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多，而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这种状况为我创造了最好的机会，如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是，我正是在这里学到了人生中悲伤的一课：机会大，并不等于你就会成功。

我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一，发生在1975年1月。那时，我从宿舍楼里给位于albuquerque的一家公司打了一个电话，那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向他们出售软件。

我很担心，他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生，从而挂断电话。但是他们却说：“我们还没准备好，一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息，因为那时软件还根本没有写出来呢。就是从那个时候起，我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作，这导致了我学生生活的结束，以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 what i remember above all about harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence. it could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging. it was an amazing privilege – and though i left early, i was transformed by my years at harvard, the friendships i made, and the ideas i worked on. 不管怎样，我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快，也令人感到有压力，有时甚至会感到泄气，但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引人的特殊待遇??虽然我离开得比较早，但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这里发展起来的一些想法，永远地改变了我。 but taking a serious look back „ i do have one big regret. 但是，如果现在严肃地回忆起来，我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 i left harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –

the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair. 我离开哈佛的时候，根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇上的不平等大得可怕，它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 i learned a lot here at harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. i got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. 我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 but humanitys greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. whether through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – reducing inequity is the highest human achievement. 但是，人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现，而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 i left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. and i knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries. 我离开校园的时候，根本不知道在这个国家里，有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机会。我也不知道，发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 it took me decades to find out. 我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 you graduates came to harvard at a different time. you know more about the worlds inequities than the classes that came before. in your years here, i hope youve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. 在座的各位同学，你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生，更多地了解世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中，我希望你们已经思考过一个问题，那就是在这个新技术加速发展的时代，我们怎样最终应对这种不平等，以及我们怎样来解决这个问题。

imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. where would you spend it? 为了讨论的方便，请想象一下，假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些钱——你希望这些时间和金钱，可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。你会选择什么地方? for melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have. 对melinda(注：盖茨的妻子)和我来说，这也是我们面临的问题：我们如何能将我们拥有的资源发挥出最大的作用。 during our discussions on this question, melinda and i read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis b, yellow fever. one disease i had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the united states. 在讨论过程中，melinda和我读到了一篇文章，里面说在那些贫穷的国家，每年有数百万的儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒，这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡，但是在美国一例死亡病例也没有。 we were shocked. we had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them. but it did not. for under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just werent being delivered. 我们被震惊了。我们想，如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎，而且他们是可以被挽救的，那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美元的救命的药剂，并没有送到他们的手中。 if you believe that every life has equal value, its revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. we said to ourselves: this cant be true. but if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving. 如果你相信每个生命都是平等的，那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了，而另一些生命被放弃了，你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说：“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的，那么它理应是我们努力的头等大事。” so we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. we asked: how could the world let these children die? 所以，我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问：“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着这些孩子死去?” the answer is simple, and harsh. the market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it. so the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system. 答案很简单，也很令人难堪。在市场经济中，拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作，政府也不会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡，是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力，在政治上没有能力发出声音。 but you and i have both. 但是，你们和我在经济上有实力，在政治上能够发出声音。 we can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. we also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes. 我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务，如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度——如果我们可以改变市场，让更多的人可以获得利润，或者至少可以维持生活——那么，这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施压，要求他们将纳税人的钱，花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 if we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. this task is open-ended. it can never be finished. but a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world. 如果我们能够找到这样一种方法，既可以帮到穷人，又可以为商人带来利润，为政治家带来选票，那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限的。它不可能被完全完成，但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试，都将会改变这个世界。 i believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. 我相信，问题不是我们不在乎，而是我们不知道怎么做。 all of us here in this yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didnt care, but because we didnt know what to do. if we had known how to help, we would have acted. 此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分伤心。但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道如何做是有效的，那么我们就会采取行动。

为了将关心转变为行动，我们需要找到问题，发现解决办法的方法，评估后果。

第五篇：哈佛大学女校长毕业典礼演讲全文

Universities nurture the hopes of the world: in solving challenges that cross borders; in unlocking and harnessing new knowledge; in building cultural and political understanding; and in modeling environments that promote dialogue and debate... The ideal and breadth of liberal education that embraces the humanities and arts as well as the social and natural sciences is at the core of

Harvard’s philosophy.

2011年5月哈佛大学迎来了第360届毕业典礼。哈佛大学女校长福斯特(Drew Gilpin Faust，1947年9月18日-，美国历史学家)在毕业典礼上发表了演讲。福斯特是哈佛大学历史上第一位女校长，也是自1672年以来第一位没有哈佛学习经历的哈佛校长。福斯特1947年出生于纽约，1964年毕业于马萨诸塞州的私立寄宿中学 Concord Academy，后就读于位于宾州费城郊外的一所女子文理学院 Bryn Mawr College;文理学院毕业后福斯特进入宾夕法利亚大学攻读历史学硕士，攻读历史硕士学位，1975年获得了宾大美洲文明专业的博士学位，同年起留校担任美洲文明专业的助教授。后由于出色的研究成果和教学，她获任历史学系教授。福斯特是一位研究美国南方战前历史和美国内战历史的专家，在美国内战时期反映南方阵营思想的意识形态和南方女性生活方面都卓有成就，并出版了5本相关书籍，其中最著名的一本《创造之母：美国内战南方蓄奴州妇女》在1997年获得美国历史学会美国题材年度非小说类最佳著

作奖。

2001年，福斯特进入哈佛大学，并担任拉德克里夫高等研究院( Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study)的首任正式院长，该学院的前身是拉德克利夫学院。 2007年就任哈佛大学校长。

2011年福斯特就任哈佛大学校长届满四年，四年也是本科生完成学业的时间跨度，所以Class of 2011对于福斯特来说，有着不一样的意义。在这篇演讲中谈到了她这四年的心路历程，同时对美国教育的未来发展提出了自己的观点，其中多次提到中国的教育发展。 Commencement Address

Tercentenary Theatre, Cambridge, MA May 26, 2011

Distinguished guests. Harvard faculty, alumni, students, staff, friends.

As we celebrate the Class of 2011 and welcome them to our alumni ranks, I feel a special sense of connection to those who just received their “first degrees,” to use the words with which I officially greeted them this morning. I began as president when they arrived as freshmen, and we have shared the past four years here together. Four world-changing years. From the global financial crisis, to a historic presidential election, to the popular uprisings of the Arab Spring — not to mention earthquakes, tsunamis and tornadoes. The choices and circumstances these new alumni face are likely to be quite different from the ones they expected when they moved into Harvard Yard in September 2007. And I hope and trust that they too are transformed — shaped by all they have learned and experienced as Harvard College undergraduates. Their departure marks a milestone for me as well. One that prompts me, as Harvard enters its 375th year, to reflect on what these four years have meant for universities, and what universities must do in this time of worldwide challenges when knowledge is becoming ever more vital to our economies, our societies and to us all.

Education has never mattered more to individual lives. In the midst of the Great Recession, the unemployment rate for college graduates in the United States was less than half that for those with just a high school diploma. Those with bachelor degrees earn half again as much as high school graduates. Doctoral or professional degrees nearly double, on average, earnings again. And education of course brings far more than economic benefits. We believe that the graduates of institutions like Harvard are instilled with analytic and creative habits of mind, with a capacity for judgment and discernment that can guide them through a lifetime that promises an abundance of change.

But education is not just about individuals. Education has never mattered more to human progress and the common good. Much of what we have undertaken at Harvard in these past four years reflects our fundamental sense of that responsibility: to educate individuals who will understand the difference between information and wisdom, who will pose the questions, and create the knowledge that can address the world’s problems, who can situate today’s realities in the context of the past even as we prepare for the future. Yet universities have been deeply affected, as events have reshaped the educational landscape in the United States and abroad. The cost of higher education has become the source of even greater anxiety for American families. At a time when college matters more than ever, it seems increasingly less affordable. Access to higher education is a national priority, and at Harvard we have significantly enhanced our financial aid policies to make sure that Harvard is attainable for talented students regardless of their financial circumstances. This is fundamental to sustaining Harvard’s excellence. More than 60% of undergraduates received financial aid from Harvard this year; their families paid an average of $11,500 for tuition and room and board. The composition of our student body has changed as a result, and we have reached out to students who previously would not have imagined they could attend. This past year, for example, nearly 20% of the freshman class came from families with incomes below $60,000. We want to attract and invest in the most talented students, those likely to take fullest advantage of their experience at Harvard College.

Our graduate and professional schools recognize a similar imperative and seek to ensure that graduates are able to choose careers based on their aspirations rather than on the need to repay educational debt. The Kennedy School, for example, has made increasing financial aid its highest priority; Harvard Medical School’s enhanced financial aid policies now assist over 70% of its student body.

Like American families, institutions of higher education face intensified financial challenges as well. At our distinguished public universities, pressures on state funding threaten fundamental purposes. The governor of Pennsylvania, for example, proposes cutting state appropriations for higher education by half. Leaders of the University of California system warned last week of a possible tuition increase of 32% in response to reduced state support. Some in Congress are threatening to reduce aid for needy students, and to constrain the federal funding that fuels scientific research at Harvard and at America’s other distinguished universities. By contrast, support for higher education and research is exploding in other parts of the globe. In China, for example, undergraduate student numbers have more than quadrupled in little over a decade; India has more than doubled its college attendance rate and plans to do so again by 2020. Higher education, these nations recognize, is a critical part of building their futures. As battles rage in Washington over national priorities and deficit reduction, we need to make that case for America as well. Universities are an essential part of the solution—providing economic opportunity and mobility, producing discoveries that build prosperity, create jobs and improve human lives. And American higher education—in its dedication to knowledge in breadth and depth, beyond instrumental or narrow technical focus — has proved a generator of imagination, wisdom and creativity, the capacities that serve as foundations for building our common future. When I met last year with university presidents in China, they wanted to talk not about science or technology, where we all know they have such strength, but instead about the liberal arts and how to introduce them in their country. They believed those principles of broad learning had yielded the most highly regarded educational system in the world. This year, Tsinghua University in Beijing introduced a new required course called “Moral Reasoning and Critical Thinking.” It is modeled on Professor Michael Sandel’s famous Harvard undergraduate class, “Justice,” and he lectured in that course last week. This is a time for us to convince Americans of what these Chinese educational leaders affirmed to me: that we in the United States have developed a model of higher education that is unsurpassed in its achievements and distinction, in the knowledge it has created and in the students it has produced. It must be both supported and adapted to help secure the future in which our children and their children will live.

That future encompasses a second powerful force shaping higher education. When Thomas Friedman famously proclaimed that the world was “flat” in 2005, he drew attention to the ways in which ideas and economies no longer respect boundaries; knowledge, he emphasized, is global. Yet societies, cultures and beliefs vary in ways that affect us ever more deeply. If the world is flat, it is far from homogeneous. Universities must embrace the breadth of ideas and opportunities unfolding across the world, and at the same time advance understanding of the differences among distinctive cultures, histories and languages.

I am repeatedly struck when I meet with undergraduates at the intensity of their interest in language courses, which at Harvard now include nearly 80 languages. These undergraduates understand the kind of world they will live in, and they want to be prepared. One member of the class of 2011, who will be a Marshall scholar next year, told me about how she took up the study of Chinese at Harvard and when she traveled abroad recognized how speaking the language transformed her relationship to those she met. “When you learn a language,” she said, “you get goggles. My Chinese goggles. You have different kinds of conversations with people in their own language … we’re going to grow up in the world together in countries with such intertwined futures. We are,” she concluded, “an international generation.”

In these past four years, Harvard has reached into the world, and the world has reached into Harvard as never before. I have traveled as Harvard president on five continents. I have met with thousands of the more than 50,000 Harvard alumni who live outside the United States, and I have visited Harvard initiatives that address issues from AIDS in Botswana to preschool education in Chile to Renaissance studies in Italy to disaster response in China. Our new Harvard Center Shanghai joins 15 offices supporting Harvard faculty and student research and engagement abroad. We have over the past several years launched the university-wide China Fund, the South Asia Initiative, and an enhanced African Studies effort that recently received a coveted Title VI recognition as a National Resource Center. Undergraduate experiences abroad have more than doubled since 2003. Design School field studios reach from the favelas of Sao Paolo to the townships of Mumbai, and Harvard’s clinical and research opportunities in medicine and public health range from tuberculosis in Siberia to adolescent health in Fiji.

Here in Cambridge, teaching incorporates an enhanced global perspective, from newly required international legal studies at the Law School to an international immersion experience beginning next year for all MBA students at the Business School, where 40% of case studies now have a significant international component. And we benefit from an increasingly international faculty and student body — 20% of our degree students overall.

But it is not just knowledge that knows no boundaries. The world’s most critical challenges are most often borderless as well, and it is these pressing problems that attract the interest and talents of so many in our community. Universities are critical resources in addressing issues from economic growth to global health, to sustainable cities, to privacy and security, to therapeutics. To borrow a phrase from the Business School mission statement, Harvard faculty and students want to “make a difference in the world” by creating and disseminating critical knowledge.

And we increasingly understand how to bring the elements of knowledge-creation together by crossing intellectual and disciplinary boundaries just as we cross international ones. I speak often of “one university,” for it is clear that we work most effectively when we unite Harvard’s unparalleled strengths across its schools and fields — and do so at every stage of the educational process, from College freshmen through our most accomplished senior faculty members. The new Harvard Global Health Institute is a case in point, engaging more than 250 faculty from across the university in addressing issues that range from post-earthquake response in Haiti and Chile to reducing cardiovascular disease in the developing world. We have established an undergraduate secondary field in Global Health, and over 1,000 College students are involved in courses, internships and related activities. Similarly, the Harvard Center for the Environment draws on graduate and undergraduate students and more than a hundred faculty, in law, engineering, history, earth sciences, medicine, health policy and business — to look comprehensively at problems like carbon capture and sequestration, or the implications of the Gulf oil spill for structures of environmental regulation. This brings us finally to innovation, a third powerful force in higher education — and in the wider world in which higher education plays such an important part. Students and faculty working together in new ways and across disciplines, are developing wondrous things — from inhalable chocolate to inhalable tuberculosis vaccine. Our undergraduates have invented a soccer ball that can generate enough power to light villages; Business School students are launching more and more start-ups; Medical School experiments have reversed the signs of aging — in mice at least. The Dean of our School of Education has been named one of the region’s foremost innovators for inventing a new degree, a doctorate in educational leadership — the Ed.L.D. — whose graduates, trained by faculty from the Business, Kennedy and Education schools, will be ready to lead change in America’s schools. New ideas and new ways of enabling those ideas to reach a wider world. That is the essence of what we are about.

And we as an institution have some new ideas about how we do our own work as well. We have innovated after 350 years with governance, expanding and enhancing the Corporation. We are innovating (after almost as long) with the organization of our libraries — at the heart of how we learn and teach. We are in the second successful year of a new undergraduate curriculum. We created a new School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. We are exploring new ways of teaching, with new technologies and new partners. We are integrating the arts into our teaching across fields, recognizing that the act of “making” — whether in the arts or, perhaps, engineering — is an essential part of creative learning. In the fall we will open a new Innovation Lab, to foster team-based invention that connects students across disciplines and with local entrepreneurs. Perhaps every generation believes that it lives in special times and perhaps every cohort of graduates is told just that at ceremonies like these. But both the depth of the challenges we face and the power of knowledge — and thus of universities -- to address them is unprecedented. Harvard must embrace this responsibility, for it is accountable to you, its alumni, and to the wider world. Universities are among humanity’s greatest innovations and among humanity’s greatest innovators. Through universities we find a better future, where our graduates and their children and the greater global community may lead lives of peace, prosperity and purpose in the centuries to come. Thank you very much. - Drew Gilpin Faust