第一篇：四年级阅读训练附答案
七年级英语阅读理解与完型填空训练(附答案)
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七年级阅读理解与完型填空训练
训练I.
A. What’s a White lie
Mary did not understand such sentences as ―She is blue today,‖ ― He has a green thumb,‖ ―He has told a little white lie‖ and so on. And she went to her teacher for help.
Mary: Mrs Smith, there is a colour in each of these sentences. What do they mean?
Mrs Smith: In everyday English, Mary, blue sometimes means sad. Yellow… afraid. A person with a green thumb grows plants well. And a white lie is not a bad one.
Mary: Would you give me an example for ―a white lie?
Mrs Smith: Certainly, now I give you some cakes. In fact you don’t like it, but you won’t say it. Instead, you say, ―No, thanks, I’m not hungry.‖ That’s a white lie.
1. Blue sometimes means sad in ____English.
A. good
B. spoken
C. usual
D. poor 2. I don’t have a green thumb, so all my plants____.
A. die off
B. grow well
C. look nice
D. are good 3. Tom is ____to climb the tree. He is yellow.
A. happy
B. clever
C. glad
D. afraid 4. He didn’t like me to know the ____of the accident. He told me a white lie.
A. reason
B. true story
C. meaning
D. answer 5. He is ____today because his father is ill.
A. blue
B. yellow
C. green
D. white
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B. What Is the Best Way?
What is the best way to learn a foreign language? We all remember that we learnt __1__ language well when were children. If we can learn __2__ second language in the __3__ way, it won’t seem so difficult. Think of what a small child __4__. It listens to what people say and it __5__ to imitate what it hears. When it wants something, it has to ask __6__ it. In __7__, it is using the language. It is talking in it __8__ the time. __9__ people use a second language like this, they will learn it more __10__ than before.
1. A. ourselves
B. own
C. our own
D. ours 2. A. the
B. a
C. an
D. / 3. A. other
B. same
C. different
D. easy 4. A. does
B. do
C. did
D. doing 5. A. want
B. tries
C. needed
D. doing 6. A. for
B. on
C. about
D. with 7. A. time
B. trouble
C. fact
D. danger 8. A. in
B. all
C. for
D. on 9. A. Whether
B. Before
C. If
D. Until 10. A. best
B. quickly
C. slowly
D. easy
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训练II.
A. Eating Habits and Health
Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times when most of us would rather eat sweets and ice-cream than meat and rice. Sweets and ice-cream are not bad for the stomach if we eat them at the end of the meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite. It is important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel angry or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges used to decide whether a man was telling truth by giving him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow the bread, it was sign that he wasn’t telling the truth. He was telling lies. Although this seems very strange and foolish, it is indeed an excellent way of finding out the truth. A man who is worrying about something had difficulty in swallowing anything dry. Because when he is worrying, he loses his appetite and does not want to eat.
1. Why do you want to develop good eating habits? Because we want to ____.
A. be healthy
B. be happy
C. eat more
D. save time 2. It is good to eat sweets and ice-cream ____.
A. after the meal
B. before the meal
C. when we want to
D. when we are hungry 3. We had better have our meals ____.
A. at any time each day
B. at regular time each day
C. when our work is over
D. when the meal is ready 4. According to judges in old England, if a man tells lies he can _____.
A. drink milk or wine
B. eat a lot of dry bread
C. hardly eat dry bread
D. swallow dry bread easily 5. A man who is angry has ____.
A. a better appetite
B. a liking for ice-cream
C. a poor appetite
D. to drink some cold water
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B. About Air
Air is all around us. It is around us _1_ we walk and play. From the time we are born air is around us on every side. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. We live _2_ air.
All _3_ things need air. We _4_ live without food or water for a few days, but we can’t live for more than a few minutes _5_ air. We take in _6_. When we are working or running we need _7_ air. When we are asleep, we need _8_ air.
We live in air, but we can’t see it. We can only feel it. We can feel it when it is moving. Moving air is called wind. How can we make air _9_?
Here is one way. Hold an open book in front of your face. Close it quickly. What can you feel? _10_ you feel is air.
1. A. as
B. after
C. because
D. since 2. A. under
B. in
C. below
D. with 3. A. live
B. living
C. alive
D. with 4. A. can
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. lively 5. A. out of
B. with
C. without
D. out 6. A. water
B. air
C. food
D. wind 7. A. more
B. most
C. many
D. few 8. A. least
B. much
C. no
D. less 9. A. more
B. to move
C. moving
D. moved 10. A. What
B. That
C. Where
D. Which
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训练III.
A. Bats
Bats are the only flying mammals in the world. They can’t see very well. It was long believed, and still is in many places, that all bats are blind. ―Blind as a bat‖ is often heard. Yet they have no trouble flying on the darkest nights and finding their way around very well. How can bats fly and see at night? They fly by radar!
The bat’s radar system works the same way as the one that ships and planes use. As a bat flies through the air, he makes a sound that is too high for our ears to hear. If the sounds hit things they come back. The bat’s ears receive the messages. In this way they are able to tell the bat where the things are.
Bats go out to look for food at night. In the day-time they hang in some dark places. Some people have the bats as bad animals. In fact, they are useful animals.
1. The article tells us about ____.
A. the bat like a mouse with wings
B. the radar
C. a blind man
D. the bat used for playing table tennis 2. The bat is ____.
A. an animal
B. a bird
C. a fish
D. a beast 3. ―As blind as a bat‖ means a person who is ____.
A. blind in the lift eye
B. able to see well
C. not able to see well
D. lame in the right foot 4. Bats have no trouble flying on the darkest night because ____.
A. they have very poor sight
B. they have a kind of radar system to help them
C. they have to look for food
D. they can see things in the dark nights 5. Bats go out to look for food ____.
A. at noon
B. in the afternoon
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C. during the day-time
D. after sun sets and before the sun rises
B. About Fire
Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also _1_ suffering to people. Fire can heat water, warm your house, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things, _2_.
Today people know how to make _3_ with matches. Children sometimes like _4_ them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn _5_, and then it might burn a house. A small fire can _6_ a big fire very fast. Fires kill _7_ people every year. So we must _8_ matches. We should also learn how to put out fires. Cover a fire _9_ water, sand or a wet quilt. This _10_ the air away from a fire and kills it.
1. A. take
B. carry
C. catch
D. bring 2. A. also
B. neither
C. too
D. either 3. A. a fire
B. a house
C. clothes
D. food 4. A. playing
B. to play
C. playing at
D. to play with 5. A. a paper
B. piece paper
C. a piece of paper D. a paper of piece 6. A. become
B. turn
C. changes
D. got 7. A. much
B. plenty
C. many
D. lots 8. A. careful
B. careful of
C. be careful
D. be careful with 9. A. in
B. with
C. by
D. use 10. A, keeps
B. stops
C. makes
D. takes
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训练IV.
A. The Four Largest Cities
New York has a larger population than any other American city. In 1970, its population was about 8 000 000.
Chicago has the second largest population. More than 3 000 000 people lived in Chicago in 1970.
The third largest city is Los Angeles with a population of 2 810 000. Philadelphia is the fourth largest city. More than 2 000 000 people live in Philadelphia, a first capital city of the United States.
New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Philadelphia are all larger than the nation’s capital city, Washington,D.C.. The population of Washington is more than 700 000, but several cities have a larger population than that. Washington is one of the most beautiful American cities, but it is only the ninth city in size.
1. New York has ____ population in the United States.
A. the second largest
B. a larger
C. the largest
D. more 2. Los Angeles is the third largest American city in ____.
A. size
B. population
C. buildings
D. shops 3. ____ is the capital of the United States.
A. New York
B. Philadelphia
C. Chicago
D. Washington D. C. 4. Washington is more beautiful than ____ American cities.
A, most of the
B. all
C. some of the
D. only a few 5. There were about ____ people living in New York in 1970.
A. eighty thousand
B. eighty million
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C. eight million
D. eighty hundred
B. Why do People Drink?
Why do people drink? Often because they _1_, but this can’t be the _2_ reason, there _3_ be other reasons, too. In many countries, when friends see _4_ they often drink while they sit and talk. Many English people don’t need anyone else, they often _5_ a drink several times _6_ a day even if they are alone. In most countries people say _7_ when they drink together. The English _8_ ―Cheers‖. In every country there are many places where drinks can be _9_. Since there are so _10_ these places it seems that many people drink more often than they really need to.
1. A. have thirsty
B. have thirst
C. are thirsty
D. are thirst 2. A. lonely
B. single
C. only
D. alone 3. A. shall
B. must
C. should
D. ought 4. A. each other
B. themselves
C. them
D. another 5. A. drink
B. eat
C. taste
D. have 6. A. during
B. a
C. to
D. by 7. A. something specially
B. something special
C. specially something
D. special something 8. A. often say
B. often says
C. say often
D. says often 9. A. bought
B. given
C. sell
D. sent 10. A. much
B. plenty of
C. many
D. many of
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训练V.
A. Population
There are about 56 million people in the United Kingdom. This is a big population for such a small country. But large parts of the country have few people. Most of the population is crowded into the big cities and industrial areas. About 90% of the people live in cities and towns. Only about 10% live in the countryside. Today very few people – less than 2% of the population ---- are farmers and farm workers.
England has the most people. About 46 million live in England. Of these, about 14 million live in London and the south-east. London is now a city of about 7 million people. Most of Scotland’s population of 5 million live in the middle part. Here are the cities and towns of the industrial area. The mountains in the north and the south have a very small population. Fewer than 3 million people live in Wales. Like Scotland, most of the population live in the industrial area in the south. There are only about one and a half million people in Northern Ireland, and one- third live in and around the big industrial city of Belfast.
1. The United Kingdom ____.
A. is a large country
B. has many people
C. has a small population
D. is a small country without many people
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2. Most of the people live ____.
A. in cities and towns
B. in the countryside
C. in every part of the country
D. near rivers 3. London is a ____ city.
A. quiet
B. small
C. crowded
D. new 4. Scotland is the ____ largest in population in the United kingdom.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth 5. Northern Ireland is ____.
A. the name of a country
B. a small city of the United Kingdom
C. a country with a smaller population
D. one part of the United Kingdom
B. Why to learn English
People in many countries are learning English. Some learn at school, others study by _1_. A _2_ learn English _3_ the radio.
Why do all these people want to learn English? It’s difficult _4_ that question. Many _5_ learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. _6_ people learn English because _7_ useful for their work. Many students often learn English for their _8_ studies because _9_ the college some of their books _10_ _11_ English.
It is not _12_ to learn a foreign language. But there is _13_ difficult _14_ the world if you _15_ your heart into it.
1. A. himself
B. oneself
C. themselves
D. ourselves 2. A. few
B. little
C. few of
D. little of 3. A. of
B. with
C. on
D. in 4. A. answer
B. answering
C. answered
D. to answer 5. A. workers
B. boys and girls C. doctors
D. scientists
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6. A. Some
B. Much
C. A lot
D. A little 7. A. it’s
B. its
C. they’re
D. their 8. A. lower
B. longer
C. shorter
D. higher 9. A. near
B. at
C. on
D. in front of 10. A. write
B. wrote
C. are written
D. is written 11. A. in
B. with
C. on
D. from 12. A. free
B. difficult
C. busy
D. easy 13. A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. some 14. A. in
B. on
C. over
D. of 15. A. keep
B. put
C. take
D. bring
训练VI. A.
In Britain, cars, buses and bikes must keep to the left side of the street. If a person wants to cross a street, he must be very careful. Before he cresses a street, he has to stop and look to the right first and then the left. While in China, we look to the left instead.
When visitors are in London, they should learn how to take buses and underground trains. The most important of all, they must know in which direction they are going and which bus and which understand train they should take. At the bus stop they should wait for their buses to come. As soon as they get on a bus, they must pay for their fares.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)
( ) 1. In England, people go alone the left side of the street as we do in China. ( ) 2. When they want to cross a street, people in England do not look to the left first. ( ) 3. Visitors in London should learn to drive buses.
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( ) 4. When they take a bus in England, visitors must make sure in which direction it is going. ( ) 5. After they get on a bus, visitors don’t have to pay for their tickets at once.
B. One day Einstein _1_ in the street in New York. His friend _2_ him and says to him, ―Einstein, you should buy a new coat. Look, how _3_ your coat is!‖
But Einstein answers, ―It doesn’t _4_. Nobody _5_ me here.‖
After a _6_ years Einstein becomes a famous scientist. But he still _7_ the old coat.
His friend meets him again and asks him to buy a _8_ one.
But Ensteins says, ―I needn’t buy a new one. _9_knows _10_ here.‖
1. A. is walking
B. walk
C. is reading
D. read 2. A. is meeting
B. meets
C. see
D. looks at 3. A. clean
B. long
C. new
D. old 4. A. thing
B. meet
C. matter
D. well 5. A. know
B. knows
C. ask
D. asks 6. A. lot
B. litter
C. few
D. many 7. A. put on
B. wear
C, wears
D. puts on 8. A. good
B. new
C. big
D. old 9. A. Every
B. Everybody
C. Nobody
D. Somebody 10. A. you
B. I
C. me
D. us
训练VII.
A.
When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence ―How do you do?‖ as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
Language do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It’s important to master the rules for word order in the study of English, too. If the speakers put words in a wrong order, the listener can’t understand the speaker’s sentence easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn’t change. Let’s see the difference between the two sentences.
―She only likes apples.‖ ―Only she likes apples.‖
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―I have seen the film already.‖ ―I have already seen the film.‖
When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and use it as the English speakers does.
1. From the passage, we know that ____ when we are learning English.
A. we shouldn’t put every word into own language
B. we should look up every word in the dictionary
C. we need to put every word into our own language
D. we must read word by word 2. The writer thinks it is ____ in learning English.
A. difficult to understand different sounds
B. possible to remember the word order
C. important to master the rules in different ways
D. easy to master the rules for word order 3. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words
B. the order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence
C. Sometimes different order of words has a different meaning
D. if the order of words is different, the meaning of the sentence must be different 4. ―She only likes apples.‖ _______.
A. is the same as ―Only she likes apples.‖
B. is different from ―Only she likes apples.‖
C. means ―She likes fruit except apples.‖
D. means ―She doesn’t like apples.‖ 5. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Different Orders, Different Meanings
B. How to Speak English
C. How to Put English into Our Own Language
D. How to learn English
B. A frog is born _1_ a small river. When he is young, the river is his _2_. He doesn’t _3_ his parents, but he has many brothers and sisters. He swims here and there and plays _4_ them all day. At that time, he doesn’t look _5_ his parents. He has _6_legs, but he has a long tail. So he looks like a _7_. Then his tail gets shorter and _8_. And he has _9_ legs and a very short tail. Now he looks like his parents. Then he is going
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to _10_ a lot of insects – a lot of bad insects.
1. A. in
B. on
C. near
D. over 2. A. house
B. home
C. family
D. school 3. A. knows
B. know
C. see
D. like 4. A. in
B. before
C. with
D. behind 5. A. likes
B. as
C. for
D. like 6. A. no
B. not
C. not some
D. no any 7. A. fish
B. frog
C. insect
D. baby 8. A. short
B. shorter
C. shortest
D. the shortest 9. A. two
B. four
C. six
D. eight 10. A. eating
B. have
C. drink
D. eat
训练VIII.
A.
Some English and American people like to invite friends to a meal at home. You should not be upset if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you.
Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m. and end at about 11 p.m. .Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, chocolates, a
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book or a bottle of wine as a present.
Do you want to be pretty polite? Say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember – not to ask how much things cost.
You’ll probably start the meal with soup, or something small as a ―starter‖, then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then a dessert, followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it. Some people eat bread with their meal, but not everyone does.
Most people ask ― Do you mind if I smoke?‖ before they take out their cigarettes after the meal.
Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short ―thank you‖ letter. Perhaps it seems funny to you, but English and American people say ―thank you, thank you, thank you.‖ all the time.
1. If your English or American friends don’t invite you to dinner t home, ____.
A. it shows they don’t like you
B. it shows they have no time to get together
C. it shows they don’t want to make friends with you
D. it doesn’t show they don’t like you
2. When you are invited to go to your friend’s home,____.
A. you shouldn’t take anything with you
B. you may go at any time
C. you must take an expensive present with you
D. you may take a small present with you 3. In England and America, it’s not polite to ____.
A. ask the price of thing
B. eat all food on your plate
C. talk to your hosts
D. eat too fast 4. In the passage, the order of the serving of a meal is ____.
A. desert—meat—or fish with vegetables—coffee—soup
B. coffee—soup—desert—meat or fish with vegetables
C. soup—meat or fish with vegetable—desert—coffee
D. meat or fish with vegetables—dessert—soup—coffee 5. Which is not right?
A. In England or America, it usually takes more than three hours to have a dinner party at home.
B. If you are invited to go to a dinner party, you can’t arrive before the time.
C. You mustn’t smoke after a meal when you are with some English or American people.
D. You’d better write a short ―thank you‖ letter to your hosts or give them a call if you want to be pretty polite.
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B.
Joan and Kate are good _1_. They live _2_ the same floor. Every morning they go to _3_ together. Joan is fifteen years old, and Kate is one year _4_ than Joan. Sometimes they go to school by bus, sometime on _5_. Joan liks _6_, but Kate doesn’t like it, she likes Chinese. _7_ Joan wasn’t at school. She was _8_ in bed. In the evening Mike _9_ at Joan’s home to help her. Now Joan _10_ better, she is at school again.
1. A. teachers
B. friend
C. friends
D. boys 2. A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to 3. A. park
B. school
C. here
D. home 4. A. older
B. old
C. elder
D. oldest 5. A. bike
B. foot
C. train
D. bus 6. A. English
B. sing
C. draw
D. flowers 7. A. Now
B. Today
C. Yesterday
D. This time 8. A. bad
B. ill
C. good
D. well 9. A, is
B. are
C. were
D. was 10. A. feel
B. to feel
C. is feeling
D. was
训练IX. A.
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In almost every big university in the USA football is a favorite sport. American football is not like soccer. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field. They have four chances to move the ball ten yards. They can carry it or thro it. If they move it to the end of the field, they receive six points. This is called a touchown.
It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the other team try to stop the man who has the ball. If the man does move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball to the other team.
Each university wants its team to win. Thousands of people come to watch. They all yell for their favorite team. Young men and women called cheerleaders come on the field to help the people yell more. They dance and jump while they yell.
Each team plays ten or eleven games each season. The season begins in September and ends in November. If a team is very good. It may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on television.
1. In American football players can _____.
A. only kick the ball
B. only throw the ball
C. only carry the ball
D. kick, throw and carry the ball 2. If a team wants to get points, it has to move the ball ____.
A. 10 yards
B. to the other end
C. 40 yards
D. away from its own end 3. Who are dancing and jumping while they yell?
A. The cheerleaders
B. All those who are watching the game
C. The winners
D. The players of both sides 4. Most teams play games in _____.
A. spring
B. summer
C. autumn
D. winter 5. When do the best team play again?
A. At Christmas
B. Before the season ends
C. On New Year’s Day
D. On the last day of the season
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B.
A: _1_ is your favourite month?
B: My favourite month is _2_.
A: Why?
B: Because it often snows. I _3_ snow very much. We often make snowmen in the _4_ air. So I think it’s the _5_ month. What _6_ you?
A: I _7_ it. It’s too _8_. I think the best month is _9_. I often go swimming _10_ my parents. We usually have a good time.
1. A. What
B. When
C. Which
D. What time 2. A. December
B. March
C. May
D. September 3. A. don’t like
B. to like
C. liked
D. like 4. A. out
B. open
C. close
D. nice 5. A. good
B. better
C. best
D. bad 6. A. are
B. about
C. of
D. for 7. A. like
B. don’t like
C. have
D. not like 8. A. good
B. bad
C. cold
D. hot 9. A. January
B. April
C. February
D. July 10. A. and
B. with
C. like
D. to
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训练X. A.
Most American school students have a long summer holiday. It is usually from June to September. During this holiday, students often travel or have summer work. Some students take courses in summer schools. Mary spent her last summer in a summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Mary’s friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and mended cars. He made a lot of money and saved nearly all of it. Peter is going to the university next year. He needs money for the university tuition.
1. In America, from June to September ____.
A. most school students take courses in universities
B. all school students are still at school
C. more school students stay at home
D. there are still lessons in summer schools 2. Peter, one of Mary’s friends, will be a ____ next year.
A. gasoline worker B. car mender C. school students D. university student 3. Seattle is the name of ____.
A. a summer school
B. Mary’s friend
C. a gasoline station
D. an American city 4. What did Peter do last summer?
A. He worked at a gasoline station
B. He traveled with his family
C. He studied in a summer school
D. He visited some interesting places 5. Peter saved nearly all of his money because_____.
A. he didn’t need to pay for anything
B. his parents asked him to do so
C. he needed money for his summer work
D. he needed money for the university tuition
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B.
Air is all _1_ us. It’s around us _2_ we walk and play. From we were born, air is around us on _3_ side. When we sit down, it’s around us. When we _4_ to bed, air is also around us. We live in air.
All living thing _5_ air. Living things can’t live _6_ air. We can go without food or water for _7_ days, but we can’t live without air. When we are working or running, we need _8_ air. When we are asleep, we need less air.
We live in air, but we can’t _9_ it. We can only _10_ it. We can feel it when it is _11_.
Moving air is called wind. How can we make air _12_? Here is one way. Hold an open book in your hands in front of your face. Close it _13_. What can you feel? What you feel is the air.
1. A. with
B. by
C. around
D. over 2. A. because
B. if
C. when
D. but 3. A. each
B. both
C. every
D. all 4. A. go
B. to go
C. come
D. to come 5. A. want
B. need
C. get
D. take 6. A. with
B. no
C. not
D. without 7. A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little 8. A. less
B. much
C. many
D. more 9. A. look
B. see
C. watch
D. hear 10. A. feel
B. see
C. hear
D. want 11. A. running B. walking C. going
D. moving 12. A. move
B. run
C. walk
D. go 13. A. quick
B. fast
C. quickly
D. slowly
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训练XI. A.
In English people can experience four seasons in one day. So they often talk about the weather. In the morning the weather is warm like in spring. After an hour black clouds come and then it rains heavily. The weather gets a litter cold. In the afternoon it will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they need to wear warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. If you don’t take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret later in the day.
1. In England people often talk about the ____.
A. weather
B. seasons
C. spring
D. summer 2. In English ____ in winter.
A. it is always very cold
B. people always wear warm clothes
C. people can swim sometimes
D. the weather is very hot 3. English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them ____.
A. in a rainy morning
B. in a sunny morning
C. in a snowy morning
D. A,B and C 4. In England, which is not true?
A. People can have four seasons in a day
B. The weather is warm in the morning and soon it will be cold in the day
C. People take an umbrella in the rainy morning
D. If you don’t take an umbrella or raincoat, you will regret later in the day 5. From the story we know that when ____come, there is a heavy rain.
A. sun and snow
B. black clouds
C. spring and autumn
D. summer and winter
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B.
Welcome to Bridge Street. Bridge Street is a great place to enjoy _1_. There are _2_ stores and shops on it. It is a very _3_ street. If you want to _4_ you can go to the video arcade. It is _5_ from the big supermarket. There is also a new park _6_ the supermarket. It is _7_ and quiet. You can _8_ your lunch in it. If you want to see _9_ you can to go the movie house. It is _10_ the supermarket and the park.
1. A. yourself
B. yours
C. your
D. you 2. A. a lots of
B. a lot of
C. lot of
D. a lot 3. A. dirty
B. small
C. busy
D. quiet 4. A. play football B. buy clothes C. have lunch D. play games 5. A. with
B. between
C. next
D. across 6. A. neighborhood B. on
C. near
D. to 7. A. dirty
B. big
C. busy
D. clean 8. A. eating
B. enjoy
C. make
D. buy 9. A. movies
B. doctors
C. books
D. games 10. A. between
B. through
C. down
D. in
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训练XII.
A.
All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not mean the same thing to everyone. In different countries people have very different ideas about drinking tea.
In China, for example, tea is always served when people get together. The Chinese drink it at any time of the day at homes or in teahouses. They prefer their tea plain, win nothing else in it.
Tea is also important in Japan. The Japanese have a special way of serving tea called a tea ceremony. It is very old and full of meaning. Everything must be done in a special way in the ceremony. There is even a special room for it in Japanesehomes.
Another tea-drinking country is England. In England, the late afternoon is ―teatime‖. Almost everyone has a cup of tea then. The English usually make tea in a teapot and drink it with milk and sugar. They also eat cakes, cookies and little sandwiches at teatime.
In the United States people drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals. Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. Tea bags are faster and easier than making tea in teapots. In summer, many Americans drink cold tea—―iced tea‖. Sometimes they drink iced tea from cans, like soda.
1. Iced tea is popular ____.
A. in winter
B. for breakfast
C. in England
D. in the USA 2. The English like to ____.
第 24 页 共 33 页
A. drink their tea plain
B. eat cakes and cookies with their tea
C. have tea with dinner
D. drink their tea in a special room 3. The Chinese drink tea _____.
A. in a special ceremony
B. only in teahouses
C. when they get together
D. for breakfast 4. Tea is popular ____.
A. in Asian countries
B. only in English-speaking countries
C. only in the USA
D. all around the world 5. The passage is about ____.
A. Chinese tea
B. different ways of drinking tea
C. the teatime in England
D. why tea is important
B.
Do you like Dolphins? Dolphins live _1_ water, but they are not fish. They are mammals that live in water. It has to breathe air to the top of the water very often. A dolphin’s nose isn’t _2_ to see. It’s just a very small hole _3_ top of the dolphin’s head. This hole is called a blowhole. A dolphine _4_ up every minute or so to breathe. It opens blowhole and takes air in, and then goes back into the water again. It can stay _5_ the water for six or seven minutes if it has to. A dolphin’s ears are very small, _6_ its mouth is very_7_. It has almost one hundred teeth. A dolphin _8_ very fast. Scientist are studying ways to _9_ boat go faster though the _10_.
1. A. under
B. above
C. on
D. in 2. A. fast
B. good
C. difficult
D. easy 3. A. above
B. at
C. on the
D. on 4. A. runs
B. walks
C. comes
D. goes 5. A. under
B. on
C. up
D. at 6. A. so
B. but
C. or
D. if 7. A. nice
B. good
C. big
D. small
第 25 页 共 33 页
8. A. walks
B. runs
C. swims
D. goes 9. A. talk to
B. tell
C. ask
D. make 10. A. water
B. land
C. room
D. air
训练XIII.
A.
American boys and girls love to watch TV. Some children spend six hours a day in school and four to six hours a day in front of the TV set. Some even watch TV for eight hours or more on Saturdays.
TVs are like books or films. A child can learn bad things and good things from them. Some programmers help children to understand the news, others show people and places from other countries or other time in history. With TV a child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals or to the ocean to see a ship. Boys and girls can see a play, a concert or a game at home.
TV brings many places and events into our homes. Some programmers show crime and other things that are bad for children, so parents sometimes help then to find other interesting things to do.
第 26 页 共 33 页
1. Some children spend eight hours or more ____.
A. studying
B. playing games
C. watching TV
D. helping their parents 2. On TV children can see ____.
A. games
B. big animals
C. oceans
D. almost everything 3. Children usually spend ____ a day in school.
A. six hours
B. more than eight hours
C. only a few hours
D. four hours 4. ―TV brings places and events into our homes‖ means ―____‖.
A. TV makes things happen in homes
B. We can know places and events without going to see them
C. We can see houses and building on TV
D. We can find them easily 5. Parents sometimes help their children find other things to do when there is ____ for children.
A. a bad program
B. an animal
C. a game
D. a play
B.
Good morning, boys and girls. _1_ is today’s school news on TV. An international group is our school this week. There are _3_ teachers and two students in the group. _4_! This is Mr White and he is from the UK. The woman _5_him is Miss Green. She is from _6_. The old man _7_ our students is Mr Brown and he is from Canada. The beautiful girl is from Japan. Her name is Judy. _8_ that boy. He _9_ shy. Is he a _10_, too? No, he is from Chinatown in New York. He is an overseas Chinese!
1. A. There
B. These
C. Those
D. Here
第 27 页 共 33 页
2. A. visit
B. visiting
C. seeing
D. see 3. A. three
B. five
C. four
D. two 4. A. See
B. Watch
C. Look at
D. Look 5. A. front
B. near
C. next
D. back 6. A. American
B. France
C. French
D. English 7. A. talk with
B. talking
C. talking with
D. talk 8. A. See
B. Look at
C. Listen
D. Listen to 9. A. looking
B. look
C. be
D. looks 10. A. Chinese
B. Japan
C. Japanese
D. China
训练XIV.
A.
Hong Kong has about forty public beaches. Some of the beaches are among the best in the world. People can go there for a swim. You can go to most of them by bus. To go to some beaches you must take a boat. There are toilets, changing rooms and places to buy food and drink on most of the beaches.
第 28 页 共 33 页
You will swim there without danger if you remember these instructions: 1. Never swim alone. 2. Never swim after a meal or when you feel hungry or tired. 3. Do not stay in the water too long. 4. Never go out in a boat if you cannot swim.
Remember: A red flag means that it is dangerous for anybody to go into the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children.
1. There are ____ public beaches in Hong Kong.
A. forty
B. less than forty
C. more than forty
D. a little more or less than forty 2. We can reach ____ by bus.
A. all the public beaches
B. any public beaches
C. only a few public beaches
D. all the public beaches except some 3. When you see a blue flag, you know that ____ there.
A. women should not swim
B. children should not swim
C. nobody should swim
D. anybody can swim 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A. You can always swim when you see a red flag.
B. You should not swim with other people.
C. You should not swim after lunch.
D. You can’t swim for a short time. 5. This passage mainly tells us ____.
A. something about Hong Kong’s beaches
B. that swimming in Hong Kong is dangerous
C. that Hong Kong has many best beaches in the world
D. it is not easy to go swimming in Hong Kong
B.
第 29 页 共 33 页
In England, people don’t like _1_ very much. You can go on a bus, _2_ on a train, and people just sit looking _3_ the window.
Often they read. They read books and newspapers. But they don’t talk _4_. When you meet English people, they often talk about one thing, _5_. So when you meet _6_ in England, you should say, ―Nice weather _7_ the time of year!‖
―But it was _8_ cold yesterday.‖ Someone may answer. ―Well, it will get a bit warmer later!‖ You can say and talk _9_ this and the English will think, ―How _10_ you are!‖
1. A. lauging
B. going about
C. talking
D. playing 2. A. or
B. and
C.either
D. but 3. A. from
B. through
C. at
D. out of 4. A. much
B. a bit
C. a little
D. sometimes 5. A. the food
B. the work
C. the time
D. the weather 6. A. a man
B.a woman
C. everyone
D. someone 7. A. at
B. in
C. on
D. for 8. A. much
B. not
C. a bit
D. more 9. A. with
B. in
C. like
D. for 10. A. happy
B. funny
C. friendly
D. careful
第 30 页 共 33 页
训练XV A.
The best way of learning a language is by using it. The best way of learning English is talking about English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh over the mistakes you make. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It is much better for people to be laughing at your mistakes than to be angry because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important rule for learning English is: Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, everyone makes mistakes.
1. The most important thing for you to learn a language is ____.
A. writing
B. practicing
C. laughing
D. grammar rules 2. In learning a language, you should _____.
A. speak as quickly as you can
B. laugh as much as you can
C. use it as often as you can
D. write more than you read 3. When people laugh at your mistakes, you should ____.
A. take it easy
B. be angry with them
C. be sorry
D. be more careful next time 4. When you make a mistake, you’d better _____.
A. cry
B. laugh
C. be glad
D. keep your sense of humor 5. Which of the following is true?
A. Nobody makes mistakes
B. People seldom make mistakes
C. Only foolish people make mistakes
D. There is no one who doesn’t make mistakes
第 31 页 共 33 页
B.
Gulin is _1_ of China. It is very beautiful. It is really a good place to _2_.
I went to Guilin on May 1st and _3_ yesterday. The weather was hot and humid there. I went into the caves, I _4_ it was cool in the caves and it made me _5_good. There were many different _6_ stones in the caves. Some were big, some were thin, some were straight, some looked like shy girls, some looked like _7_penguins, some looked like big mushrooms. They were very _8_.
The people there were _9_ and Chinese food was delicious, too. I _10_ there. I love Guilin.
1. A. in the north
B. in the south
C. to the north
D. to the south 2. A. to have fun
B. to have a fun
C. to have time
D. to have a time 3. A. come
B. come back
C. came
D. came back 4. A. am feel
B. feel
C. felt
D. was feel 5. A. feel
B. to feel
C. felt
D. feeling 6. A. kind of
B. kinds of
C. kind
D. kinds 7. A. cute
B.ugly
C. scary
D. clever 8. A. interest
B. interested
C. interesting
D. interests 9. A. friends
B. friend
C. friendly
D. more friendly 10. A. had a good time
B. have a good time
C. has a good time
D. am having a good time
第 32 页 共 33 页
七年级阅读理解与完型填空训练参考答案
训练I
A).
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A
B).
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B
训练II. A).
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C
B)
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A
训练III. A).
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D
B).
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A
训练IV. A).
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C
B)
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C
训练V.
A)
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B
B)
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C
11.A
12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B
训练VI. A)
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F
B)
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C
训练VII. A)
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D
B)
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.D
训练VIII.
A) 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C
B) 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C
训练IX.
A) 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C
B) 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.B 训练X.
A) 1.D 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.D
B) 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C
训练XI.
A) 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B
第 33 页 共 33 页
B) 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A
训练XII.
A) 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B
B) 1.D 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.A
训练XIII.
训练XIV.
训练XV.
A) 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A B) 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C A) 1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A B)
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.C A) 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D B)
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A
第二篇：小说阅读训练（附答案）
一座叫赫德莱堡的小镇，这个镇里的人向来以诚实著称，镇里有位德高望重的理查兹先生。一天，一个陌生人背着一只大口袋来到他家，把袋子放在地上说：“请您把它藏好，袋子上系着一张字条，一切都在上面写着。”说完，陌生人就走了。理查兹忙解下字条，上面写着：
我以前是一个奸商，有一回，因破产走投无路，途经贵镇时，有位好心人给了我二十块钱。后来我靠那二十块钱发了大财。我现在想报答那个好心人，可我不知道他是谁，我只记得他曾对我说过的一句话，麻烦您用登报的方式帮我寻找，谁要是说得出那句话的内容，谁就是我的恩人，袋里的金币就归他所有。我把写有那句话的纸条，装在袋中的一个信封里，一个月以后的星期五请贵镇的柏杰士牧师在镇公所进行公证。
②看完，理查兹脑子里闪过一个念头，但这个念头只在他脑子里一闪面过，最终他还是决定去找本镇报馆的主编柯克斯。第二天，报纸出来了，整个小镇都轰动了。
③这天，邮递员给理查兹夫妇送来一封信。信上写着：那个给钱的人是已经去世的固德逊，当时他说的是：“你不是一个坏人，快去悔过自新吧。”理查兹夫妇兴奋地紧紧拥抱在一起。
④一个月后的星期五终于到了。一大早，镇公所里坐满了人，柏杰士牧师拆开袋里的那封信，读道：“那句话是——你不是一个坏人，快去悔过自新吧。”接着柏杰士告诉大家，他收到十几封信，每封信上都写着：“你不是一个坏人，快去悔过自新吧。”接着他开始一封一封念信。这些信里有银行家宾克顿，报馆主编柯克斯，造币厂老板哈克尼斯等，都是镇里赫赫有名的人物。人们终于明白，原来这是一场贪财的闹剧。坐在场子里的理查兹紧张极了，“上帝呀，下一封该轮到我了!”可是，柏杰士在口袋里摸了半天，说“没有信了。”理查兹夫妇听到这句话愣住了。
⑤柏杰士从钱袋里捧出一把金币看了看，突然惊讶地说：“上帝啊!这全是镀黄的铅饼!这里还有一张字条。”接着，他展开字条，念道：“赫德莱堡公民，其实根本没有什么二十块钱和金币。有一天，我路过你们这里，受到了你们的欺辱。因此我故意设了这个圈套，让你们镇里最有名望的人都出丑。”柏杰士不由地低下头，说：“他赢了，他的那袋假金币把我们全镇的人都打败了!”
⑥“不，有一个人他没有打败，那就是理查兹先生。”说话的人话音刚落，赫德莱堡的人一起高叫起来：“理查兹万岁，万岁理查兹!”理查兹得到了这样的荣誉后，反而睡不好觉，吃不下饭。一天，柏杰士托人送来一封信。理查兹赶忙关上房门，拆开信一看：
那一天我是有意救他，你的信我并没有丢失。我之所以这么做，是为了报答你曾经挽救过我的名誉。我是一个知恩图报的人。
柏杰士
⑦理查兹看完这封信，顿觉天旋地转，他想，完了，自己的把柄落在了柏杰士的手里。从此，理查兹时刻经受着悔恨和害怕事情败露的双重折磨，不久就患病去世了。
13.请概述这篇文章的主要内容。(不超过30字，3分)
14.体会下面加点词在句中的表达效果。(4分)
⑴一个月后的星期五终于到了。
⑵柏杰士从钱袋里捧出一把金币看了看。
15.阅读相关语段，回答下面各题。(6分)
⑴文章第②段理查兹看完陌生人的字条后,“脑子里闪过一个念头”。你认为他脑子里闪过的“念头”是什么?
⑵文章第⑤段画线句“他赢了……”，你认为“他”赢在哪里?
16.德高望重的理查兹最终在“悔恨与害怕”中患病去世，这个不幸的结局给你怎样的人生启示?(结合相关的成语、俗语表述，4分)
参考答案：
13.(3分，表述完整、语言简洁、字数符合要求，意对即可)文章讲述了一个陌生人用一袋假金币使小镇居民出丑的故事。
14.(4分，每小题2分，意对即可)(1)“终于”一词体现了小镇居民渴望早日知道谁将获得那袋金币的心理。(2)“捧出”一词生动贴切地表现了柏杰士对待金币庄重的举止和慎重的心理。
15.(6分，每小题2分，意对即可)(1)“念头”指理查兹想把那袋金币占为己有的想法。(指理查兹想偷看纸条内容，从而将金币占为己有的想法。)(2)陌生人赢在他揭穿了小镇居民贪婪、虚伪的本性。(让镇里最有名望的人都出丑。)
16.(4分，符合要求、言之有理即可)示例：一个人如果欲壑难填，就会迷失方向，误入歧途。 做人要表里如一，如果虚有其表，就很容易被人识破真相。 要想人不知，除非己莫为。做人就要坦坦荡荡，明明白白。 君子爱财，取之有道。我们绝不能采用不正当的手段去获取财富。
第三篇：高考小说阅读训练(附答案)
高考小说阅读训练
一、阅读下面的文字。完成1～3题。
灯殇 陈永林
这天晚上，六根对女人说：“再过几天就中秋了。你明天去买十斤月饼，三斤糖块，三十挂小鞭炮„„烟我已买了。”
每年的中秋晚上，许多村里人都在六根家挂一盏灯笼。鄱阳湖一带有这种风俗，一到中秋这晚，村里人便在德高望重的人门前挂盏灯笼，表达自己的敬意。这几年，六根门前挂的灯笼最多。村里人在哪家门前挂灯笼，哪家就得放鞭炮迎接。大人敬烟，小孩散糖，女人吃月饼。
六根的女人有点不愿意：“每年花一百多块钱换几十只灯笼，一点也不值。那些灯笼既当不得衣服穿，又顶不得饭吃。”
六根沉了脸说道：“这灯笼拿多少钱也买不到的。别人想自己门前多挂几个灯笼还想不到呢。这是村里人对我的信任，对我工作的肯定。”
女人说：“钱呢?”
六根问：“家里一百多块钱也没有?”
女人说：“儿子前几天上学，把家里的三千块钱全带走了。” 六根就翻口袋，口袋翻尽了，才翻出五十多块钱。 六根说：“要不，你明天提一只母鸡去卖。”
女人小声嘟囔：“哪有你这个当村长的!别人当村长，家里要啥有啥，可你每年只得几十只灯笼。’’
六根再懒得搭理女人了。每年村里人挂的灯笼，他都没扔，都堆放在一间房里。 中秋节这天，六根早早吃过了晚饭。女人买来的糖块、月饼也摆放在桌上。鞭炮拆了封。只等提灯笼的人一来，就放鞭炮。月饼样的圆月好不容易从鄱阳湖里爬起来了，一些小孩已在月光下疯闹了。
六根坐在门前悠然地吸着烟，眼光却不时往路边上掠。终于来了一个红红的灯笼，六根兴奋地站起来，喊女人：“快拿鞭炮放，灯笼来了。”
鞭炮劈里啪啦地响了。可是灯笼并没进他家，而是进了春生的家。六根气得骂女人：“谁叫你这么早放鞭炮?”女人不敢辩，反而安慰六根：“急啥?等会儿，灯笼不就都来了?”
又来了一只灯笼。拎灯笼的是谷子。六根喊：“谷子，这么早来了?”可是谷子没听见样径直往前走。片刻春生家响起欢欢悦悦的鞭炮声。六根惊得傻傻地立在那。往年，谷子每回给他送灯笼。今年却把灯笼送给了那个发了横财的春生。
六根气得大骂：“这世道变了。人都被金钱蒙住了眼。”
六根的女儿劝：“爹犯得着生气吗?春生早在村里传出话，谁送他一盏灯笼，他就给谁一百块钱。”
春生先是在城里办了个皮包公司，骗了一些单位的货款却不给货，只给单位的头送些钱。春生有了钱，就在村里办了个罐头厂，钱大把大把地进。可交税时却说厂子亏损。春生办了厂后，村里人都想进他的厂，村里人给春生的笑容越来越多，看春生的目光越来越谄媚了。
1 “唉——”六根就长长地叹气。六根掏出枝烟，点了，狠狠地吸。烟雾整个裹住了六根满是阴云的脸。
春生家的鞭炮劈里啪啦地响个不停，春生门前已挂了二十几个红灯笼了。可六根门前还一只灯笼都没挂。六根感到极难过。自己当了十几年村长，爱村，敬业，没为自己多捞一根柴火，没做一件昧良心的事。可在村里人眼里竟不如一个坏事干尽的春生。
一只只大红灯笼从六根眼前飘走了，进了春生的家。
女人把六根拉进屋：“犯得着生气吗?别气坏了身体。”女人关紧门，可劈里啪啦的鞭炮声仍是那么刺耳。女人就开了电视机，有多大声开多大的声。
女儿说：“爹，村里人送的灯笼没有一点价值。我们给自己家挂个灯笼吧。” 六根骂：“别丢人现眼。”
此时，门被拍得砰砰响。六根开了门，一个小孩举着灯笼，灯笼后跟着十几个小孩。小孩齐声说：“村长，我们给您送灯笼来了，这是一盏电子照明灯。”六根的睛睛竟湿了。六根忙放鞭炮，又不住地给小孩散糖。一小孩说：“六根叔你别生气。爸妈被钱迷了心窍，为一百块钱给春生送灯笼。今天我们给您送灯，今后，我们每年都给您送灯。您开山修路，让我们上学有路走„„”六根听了这话，眼一涩，脸上竟有两条小虫子爬。
六根把三十挂小鞭炮全放了。
六根又喊女人与女儿：“你们把房里的灯笼全拿 来。”
几百只灯笼很快堆了一地。六根拿出打火机，点了火。片刻，灯笼全着火了。
一小孩问：“六根叔，你咋烧灯笼?”六根说：“这些灯笼没点用途，烧了，让你们开开心。”片刻，几百只灯笼就化为一堆过眼的火红。
六根把这盏电子照明灯挂在门口。夜来灯亮，不失光明;风吹雨淋，永不变色。
(选自《小说选刊》2015年第6期，有删改)
1.下列本文相关内容和艺术特色的分析和鉴赏，最恰当的两项是(5分)( )( )
A.六根自己买了烟，让女人去买月饼、糖块、小鞭炮灯东西，目的是迎接中秋晚上在自家门前挂灯笼的村里人，显示自己作为主人的诚意。
B.六根的女人对灯笼的看法与六根有很大的不同，造成这种情形的直接原因是手里没钱，儿子上学，把家里的三千块钱全带走了。
C.往年中秋晚上，村里人在六根家门前挂许多灯笼，这是对他的信任;今年却把灯笼送给了那个发了横财的春生，这说明村里人已经不信任他了。
D.小说情节起伏跌宕、语言含蓄简洁，作者以先扬后抑的手法塑造了鲜活的人物形象，如村长六根、村民等，进而揭示小说的主旨。
E.小说围绕中秋节门前挂灯笼的故事展开情节，让人们看到了在经济高速发展的现代社会中的美丑善恶，弘扬正气，抨击时弊。
2.六根是一个什么样的人?请结合文本简要分析。(4分)
2
3.标题“灯殇”寓意颇深，请结合文本简要分析。(5分)
二、阅读下面的文字。完成4～6题。
朱先生退兵
陈忠实
那天清晨，朱先生正在书房里诵读。门房老者张秀才来报告，说省府衙门有两位差人求见。朱先生头也不抬：“就说我正在晨诵。”张老秀才回到门口如实报告后，两位差官大为惊讶，随之上了火：“晨诵算什么?我这里有十万火急命令，是张总督的手谕，你问先生接不接?”张秀才再来传话：“先生正在晨读。愿等就等，不愿等了请自便。”两位差官只好等着。
朱先生晨诵完毕，接了差官的信，果然是张总督的亲笔手谕。张总督信中说举事时逃跑的清廷巡抚方升，从甘肃宁夏拢集起二十万人马反扑过来，大军已压至姑婆坟扎下营寨，离西安不过二百里路，要与革命军决一死战，古城百姓将必遭涂炭。因此想请朱先生前往姑婆坟，以先生之德望，以先生与方升之交谊，劝方升退兵。
朱先生看罢，对两个差人说：“儒子只读圣贤书，不晓军事，又无三寸不烂之舌，哪有回天之力!”说罢就转身走了。两个差官气得脸色骤变，气呼呼跳上车走了。朱先生听得门口清静下来，收拾行李，夹了一把黄油布伞就出了白鹿书院。午时，两位差官又驾着汽车来了，而且带来了张总督的秘书。门房老者张秀才如实相告：“走了。先生躲走了。”
傍晚时分，在张总督的总督府门前，一位背着褡裢夹着油伞的人径直往里走。荷枪实弹的卫兵横枪挡住。那人说：“我找张总督。”卫兵嘴里连续呼出五个“去去去去去!”那人就站在门口大声呼叫起张总督的名字，而且发起牢骚：“你三番两次请我来，我来了你又不让我进门。你好不仗义!”这时候一辆汽车驶到门口停下，车上跳下两个人来，顺手抽了卫兵一记耳光，转过身就躬下腰说：“朱先生请进。”朱先生一看，正是早晨破坏他晨诵的那两位差官，便跟着差官走进总督府见了张总督。张总督挽着朱先生坐下，亲昵地怨喧道：“先生你是腿上的肉虫儿不得死了?放着汽车不坐硬走路!”朱先生说：“我是土人，享不了洋福，闻见汽油味儿就恶心想吐。”张总督说：“我真怕你不来哩!正准备三顾茅庐，我亲自去你的书院哩。”朱先生笑说：“纵是孔明再生，看见你这身戎装，也会吓得闭气，何况我这个土人。”
第二天一早，张总督起来时，已经找不着朱先生，连连叹惋：“这个呆子，书呆子!”随之带了一排士兵乘车追出城去。
朱先生已经踏上成阳大桥，一身布衣一只褡裢一把油伞，晨光熹微中，仍然坚持着晨诵，连呜呜吼叫的汽车也充耳不闻，直到张总督跳下车来堵住去路，朱先生才从孔老先生那里回到现实中来，连连道歉：“总督大人息怒!我怕打扰你的瞌睡就独自上路了。”张总督好气又好笑说：“这十二个卫兵交给你，请放心。我已经给他们交待过了。”朱先生转过身瞅一眼站成一排溜儿的兵士，摇摇头说：“这十二个人不够。把你的兵将一满派来也不够。要是你能打过方升，你还派我做什么?回吧回吧，把你这十二个兵丁带回去护城吧!”张总督不由脸红了说：“那你总得坐上汽车呀!”朱先生不耐烦了：“我给你说过，我闻不惯汽油味儿„„”说罢一甩手走了，嘴里咕咕嘟嘟又进入晨诵了。张总督追上来再次相劝。朱先生却轻轻松松地说：“你诵一首成阳桥的诗为我送行吧!”张总督心不在焉又无可奈何地诵道：
3 渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。劝君更进一杯酒，西出阳关无故人。 朱先生击掌称好之后，自己也吟诵起来：
车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。爷娘妻子走相送，尘埃不见成阳桥„„ 朱先生吟诵至此，热泪涌流，转过身扯开步径自走了。
两日后，朱先生回到省城复命张总督。这时，方巡抚已经罢兵，带领二十万大军撤离姑婆坟，回归甘肃宁夏去了。
张总督立即传令备置酒席，为朱先生接风洗尘压惊庆功。朱先生从褡裢里掏出食物，大吃大嚼起来。张总督难为情地说：“先生这不寒碜我吗?”朱先生不以为然。吃罢喝了一杯热茶，背起褡裢告辞。张总督死拉住不放：“我还想请先生留下墨宝。”朱先生又放下褡裢，执笔运腕，在宣纸上写下两行稚头拙脑的娃娃体毛笔字：
脚放大，发铰短 指甲常剪兜要浅
张总督皱皱眉头不知所云。朱先生笑说：“我这回去姑婆坟，一路上听到孩童诵唱歌谣，抄录两句供你玩味。”说罢又背起褡裢要走。张总督先要用汽车送，又要改用轿子，又要牵马驮送。朱先生说：“不宜车马喧哗。”
(节选自陈忠实《白鹿原》，有删节)
4.下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，最恰当的两项是( )( )(4分)
A.张总督的信，既交代了社会背景，又说明了诚请朱先生的理由，刻画了一个爱好和平、一心为民的革命军将领形象。
B.咸阳桥送行，张、朱二人分别吟诵了两首古诗，但心境、用意不同，前者迫于无奈，是应景之诵;后者发自肺腑，是对自已此行安危的忧虑。
C.小说最后“脚放大，发铰短/指甲常剪兜要浅”的题词内容，不仅反映了民声，也表达了朱先生对革命军破除陋习、清廉为政的期望。
D. 主人公朱先生形象生动鲜明，令人印象深刻。小说刻画了他爱读诗书、不畏权贵、低调淡泊、勇敢从容的性格特征。
E.作者在塑造心中的理想人物朱先生的形象时，主要采用语言、动作及心理描写，将人物放和典型环境中加以凸显。
5.本文语言很有特点，请简要概括分析。(4分)
6.朱先生帮助张总督实现了愿望，但又处处拒绝张总督。小说这样写有何用意?请谈谈你的理解。(6分)
三、阅读下面的文字，完成7-9题。
鲁鲁(节选) 宗璞
鲁鲁原是孤身犹太老人的一只狗。老人前天死去了，他的死和他的生一样，对人对世没有任何影响。后事办完了，这矮脚的白狗却守住了房子悲哭，人们打他，他也不肯离去。房东灵机一动说:“送给下江人范先生养吧。”这小村中习惯把躲避战乱到当地的外省人一律称作下江人。于是他给硬拉到范家，栓在大树上。
晚上，鲁鲁坐在地上，悲凉地叫着，声音更带着十分的痛苦、绝望，像一把锐利的刀，把山村的春夜剪碎了。
房门开了，两个孩子走了出来。6岁的弟弟捧着一钵饭，对鲁鲁说:“鲁鲁，你吃饭吧，这饭肉多。”10岁的姐姐温柔地说:“鲁鲁，你就住在我们家吧。拉拉手吧?’’这话今天姐姐已经说了好几遍，鲁鲁总是发出一阵悲号，并不伸出脚来。姐姐伸手去摸他的头，鲁鲁一阵颤栗，连毛都微耸起来。这只小手很轻，但却这样温柔，使鲁鲁安心。他咻咻地喘着，向姐姐伸出了前脚。
“好鲁鲁!”姐姐高兴地和他握手。“爸爸妈妈!鲁鲁愿意住在我们家了!”
爸妈走出房来，在姐姐介绍下和鲁鲁握手。妈妈轻声责备姐姐说:“你怎么把肉都给了鲁鲁?我们明天吃什么?”弟弟忙说:“明天我们什么也不吃。”
过了十多天，鲁鲁情绪显然已有好转。有一天，鲁鲁出了门，踌躇了一下，却忽然往山下城里跑去了。他要去解开一个谜。
黄昏时他进了城，在一座旧洋房前停住了。他坐在门外，不时发出长长的哀叫。这里是犹太老人和鲁鲁的旧住处。主人是回到这里来了罢?怎么还听不见鲁鲁的哭声呢?有人推开窗户，有人走出来看，但都没有那苍然的白发。鲁鲁在门口蹲了两天两夜。第三天早上，人们气愤起来，拿来绳索棍棒下决心要处理他。他又饿又渴又累，看着屋门，希望在这一瞬间老人会走出来。但是没有。这时他想起了那温柔的小手，便跳起身，冲出重围向城外跑去了。
姐弟俩很难过，傻鲁鲁!怎么能离开爱自己的人呢!你一定会回来的吧。
他们终于等到了鲁鲁回来。姐姐冲过去弯身抱着他的头，他抵着姐弟俩的手，又给爸爸妈妈作揖。那晚全家都高兴极了。
从此鲁鲁正式成为这个家的一员了。
日本投降的消息传来的那天，整个小村沸腾了。一家人紧紧抱在一起，他们终于可以回北平去了。但路途遥远，交通不便，鲁鲁是不能去的。最后的决定是把他送给T市爱狗的唐伯伯。
T市附近，有一个著名的大瀑布，10里外便听到水声隆隆。车经这里的那天，姐姐发着烧，还执意要下车去看。于是爸爸在左，妈妈在右，兽鲁在前，弟弟在后，向观瀑亭上走去。急遮的水流从几十丈的绝壁跌落下来，在青山翠峦中形成一个小湖，水气迷蒙，一直飘到亭上。姐姐觉得那白花花的厚重的半透明的水慢和雷鸣般的轰响仿佛离她很远。她努力想走近些看，但它们越来越远，什么也看不见了，倚在爸爸肩上晕了过去。
姐姐因病住进了医院，从此鲁鲁再也没有看见姐姐。没有几天，他就显得憔悴，白毛失去了光泽。唐家的狗饭一律有牛肉，他却嗅嗅便走开，不管弟弟怎样哄劝。
5 范家人走时，唐伯伯叫人把鲁鲁关在花园里。在飞机上，姐姐和弟弟为了不能再见鲁鲁，一起哭了一场。他们听不见鲁鲁在花园里发出的撕裂了的味叫，看不见鲁鲁因为一次又一次想挣脱绳索，磨掉了毛的脖子。他们飞得高高的，遗落了儿时的伙伴。
鲁鲁发疯似地寻找主人。唐伯伯总是试着和他握手，同情地、客气地说:“请你住在我家，这不是已经说好了么，鲁鲁。”
有一天，鲁鲁又不见了。过了半年，大家早以为他已离开这世界，他竟又回到唐家。他瘦多了，身上好几处没有了毛。他又一次去寻找谜底后，又历尽辛苦回来，只是为了不违反主人的安排。
但后来他却有了观赏瀑布的癖好。他常常跑出城去，坐在大瀑布前，久久地望着那跌宕跳荡、白帐慢似的落水，发出悲凉的、撞人心弦的哀号。
7.下列对文中相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，最恰当的一项是( ) (3分) A.本文运用了拟人手法，赋予小狗以人的心理，细腻地描摹小狗鲁鲁的内心活动，使读者能真切地感受到小狗内心复杂的情感。
B.鲁鲁去城里的旧住处守候旧主人，最后又回到范家，只是因为他遭到了人们的驱赶，再加上饥渴疲累，这让读者看到了他的痛苦和无奈。
C.去到唐家后，鲁鲁得到了很好的优待，但他并不吃那一律有牛肉的饭，这反映了鲁鲁对新主人的不满，以及对旧主人的忠诚。
D.文章以鲁鲁第一次丧家的哀号开篇，义以它第二次丧家的哀号结束，首尾呼应，对小狗被无情抛弃的悲剧命运寄予无限的同情。
8.文中两次写到了瀑布，有什么作用?请结合文本简要分析。(5分)
9.著名作家孙犁评价《鲁鲁》:“表面是动物的悲鸣，内含是人性的呼喊。”请结合文本谈谈对这句话的理解。(6分)
四、阅读下面的文字，完成10～13题。(25分)
绳子的故事 莫泊桑
这是个赶集的日子。戈德维尔的集市广场上，人群和牲畜混在一起，黑压压一片。整个集市都带着牛栏、牛奶、牛粪、干草和汗臭的味道，散发着种田人所特有的那种难闻的人和牲畜的酸臭气。
6 布雷奥戴村奥士高纳大爷正在向集市广场走来。突然他发现地下有一小段绳子，奥士高纳大爷具有诺曼底人的勤俭精神，他弯下身去，从地上捡起了那段细绳子。这时他发现自己的冤家对头马具商马朗丹大爷在自家门口瞅着他，颇感坍台【注】。他立即将绳头藏进罩衫，接着又藏入裤子口袋，然后很快便消失在赶集的人群中去了。
教堂敲响了午祷的钟声，集市的人群渐渐散去。朱尔丹掌柜的店堂里，坐满了顾客。突然，客店前面的大院里响起了一阵鼓声，传达通知的乡丁拉开嗓门背诵起来：“今天早晨，
九、十点钟之间，有人在勃兹维尔大路上遗失黑皮夹子一只。内装法郎五百，单据若干。请拾到者立即交到乡政府，或者曼纳维尔村乌勒布雷克大爷家。送还者得酬金法郎二十。”
午饭已经用毕，这时，宪兵大队长突然出现在店堂门口。他问道：“布雷奥戴村奥士高纳大爷在这儿吗?”坐在餐桌尽头的奥士高纳大爷回答说：“在。”于是宪兵大队长又说：“奥士高纳大爷，请跟我到乡政府走一趟。乡长有话要对您说。”
乡长坐在扶手椅里等着他。“奥士高纳大爷，”他说，“有人看见您今早捡到了曼纳维尔村乌勒布雷克大爷遗失的皮夹子。马朗丹先生，马具商，他看见您捡到了啦。”
这时老人想起来了，明白了，气得满脸通红。“啊!这个乡巴佬!他看见我捡起的是这根绳子，您瞧!”他在口袋里摸了摸，掏出了那一小段绳子。但是乡长摇摇脑袋，不肯相信。
他和马朗丹先生当面对了质，后者再次一口咬定他是亲眼看见的。根据奥士高纳大爷的请求，大家抄了他的身，但什么也没抄着。最后，乡长不知如何处理，便叫他先回去，同时告诉奥士高纳大爷，他将报告检察院，并请求指示。
消息传开了。老人一走出乡政府就有人围拢来问长问短，于是老人讲起绳子的故事来。他讲的，大家听了不信，一味地笑。他走着走着，凡是碰着的人都拦住他问，他也拦住熟人，不厌其烦地重复他的故事，把只只口袋都翻转来给大家看。他生气，着急，由于别人不相信他而恼火，痛苦，不知怎么办，总是向别人重复绳子的故事。
第二天，午后一时左右，依莫维尔村的农民布列东大爷的长工马利于斯•博迈勒，把皮夹子和里面的钞票、单据一并送还给了曼纳维尔村的乌勒布雷克大爷。这位长工声称确是在路上捡着了皮夹子，但他不识字，所以就带回家去交给了东家。
消息传到了四乡。奥士高纳大爷得到消息后立即四处游说，叙述起他那有了结局的故事来。他整天讲他的遭遇，在路上向过路的人讲，在酒馆里向喝酒的人讲，星期天在教堂门口讲。不相识的人，他也拦住讲给人家听。现在他心里坦然了，不过，他觉得有某种东西使他感到不自在。人家在听他讲故事时，脸上带着嘲弄的神气，看来人家并不信服。他好像觉得别人在他背后指指戳戳。
下一个星期二，他纯粹出于讲自己遭遇的欲望，又到戈德维尔来赶集。他朝克里格多村的一位庄稼汉走过去。这位老农民没有让他把话说完，在他胸口推了一把，冲着他大声说：“老滑头，滚开!”然后扭转身就走。奥士高纳大爷目瞪口呆， 越来越感到不安。他终于明白了，人家指责他是叫一个同伙，一个同谋，把皮夹子送回去的。
他想抗议。满座的人都笑了起来，他午饭没能吃完便在一片嘲笑声中走了。他回到家里，又羞又恼。愤怒和羞耻使他痛苦到了极点。他遭到无端的怀疑，因而伤透了心。于是，他重新向人讲述自己的遭遇，故事每天都长出一点来，每天都加进些新的理由，更加有力的抗议，更加庄严的发誓。他的辩解越是复杂，理由越是多，人家越不相信他。
7 他眼看着消瘦下去。将近年底时候，他卧病不起。年初，他含冤死去。临终昏迷时，他还在证明自己是清白无辜的，一再说：“一根细绳„„乡长先生，您瞧，绳子在这儿。”
(有删改)
【注】坍台：吴方言，丢脸。
10.下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是(5分)(
)(
)
A.奥士高纳大爷在赶集路上捡到一段绳子，因被冤家陷害，又受到众人奚落，最后忧郁而死，小说通过这一故事，主要反映了小人物的性格悲剧。
B.小说中的下层人民思想麻木，是非不分，是荒唐社会道德的基础，但奥士高纳大爷的死不是社会道德堕落的必然悲剧，而是马具商与他个人纠葛和他个人性格悲剧所造成的必然结果。
C.马具商是农村小奸商，他狡猾、阴险、诡诈，通过他的行为和举动，可以看出，他的处世哲学具有广泛的社会基础。
D.小说的语言简练而富有表现力，通篇没有纤巧华美的辞藻，淡淡的幽默与辛辣的讽刺相交织，使全文呈现出含蓄冷峻的风格特点。
E.这篇小说叙事详略得当，巧妙地处理了“赶集”这样一个特定环境中的群众场面和主要人物的关系，使主要人物形象鲜明，个性突出。
11.小说中置奥士高纳大爷于死地的力量有哪些?请简要分析。(6分)
12.小说是如何塑造奥士高纳大爷这一主要人物形象的?请简要分析。(6分)
13.小说的题目是“绳子的故事”，但主要内容是围绕一个老实人而展开的，如果以“老实人的故事”为题，你认为是否合 适?请谈谈你的观点和理由。(8分)
五、阅读下面的文字，完成14～16题。
梨花白 刘建超
8 梨花白在老街唱红时，年方十六岁。
梨花白六岁开始跟着师傅学艺，拜在梅派名师门下。在老街首次登台时，正值梨花满天，一院春色，师傅便给她起了个艺名梨花白。
梨花白登台唱的是梅派经典剧目《贵妃醉酒》。梨花白扮相俊秀，嗓音甜润，念白、唱腔、舞蹈、水袖，一招一式，举手投足都深谙梅派风韵，把老街人听得如醉如痴。
梨花白走出戏楼已是午夜，一轮弯月苍白地挂在丽京门的檐角，青石板路泛着幽幽的冷光。一辆车轻轻地来到她的面前，拉车的是一个和她年纪差不多的小伙子。
老街人歇息的早，天黑收店，吃饭睡觉。半夜里是不会有啥生意的，尤其是个拉车的。 “这么晚了，还没有收工?”
小伙子憨憨地笑笑：“我是在等你，天黑，路上怕不安全。” 梨花白好生感动。说了句：“去怡心胡同。” 车子在青石板路上轻快地颠簸起来。
老街的戏园子在城外两里地。从丽京门到戏园子，一色的青石板路。青石板路在戏班子唱戏时才热闹一下，沿街两边卖各种小营生的摊贩忙碌着，多半是些卖小吃、水果的。在这里可以吃到纯正的不翻汤、浆面条、绿豆丸子汤。戏散人静，青石板路便又恢复了冷清。
车子在青石板路上微微颠簸，却很舒适。许是太累了，梨花白在轻微的颠簸中闭上眼睛睡了。拉车的小伙子放慢了脚步，双手攥紧车把，让车子走得更平稳些。怡心胡同到了，小伙子不忍心叫醒梨花白，车子拐过头又跑了回去。梨花白醒来，看见小伙子气喘吁吁，后背已经被汗水浸湿。
梨花白连忙表示歉意，小伙子乐呵呵地说：“没事，我爱听你唱戏。只要你有戏，多晚我都等你。我姓程，你叫我程子就中。”
程子真的每次都等着拉梨花白，并且说啥都不收钱。梨花白说急了，程子就呵呵笑，说：“那中，啥时候你给我唱出戏就中了，我爱听《贵妃醉酒》。”
一个雨夜，程子送梨花白回家，发现胡同门口有几个鬼鬼祟祟的身影。程子也就没走，躲在一个屋檐下。
梨花白住的二层木楼上果然传出了动静。程子飞一般蹿过去，跑上二楼，推开了门。几个汉子满嘴酒气，梨花白单薄的身子缩在床角发抖。
几个痞子对程子来搅和他们的好事极其恼怒，三五下就把程子打翻在地。程子满脸是血，依然倔强地站起来。
痞子头儿说：“看来你真是想逞能了。那我成全你，今天我要不了女的就要你。你是干啥的?”
“拉车的。”
“靠腿脚吃饭啊。那好吧，今天我废了你的腿，就放过这个小妞。” “咋都中，你们别欺负女娃。不然，就是打死我，我也拽个垫背的。” 痞子掏出了刮刀，程子的一双脚筋被他们生生挑断。 虽然那几个痞子后来被法办了，但是，程子只能坐轮椅了。
程子学了剪裁手艺，在丽京门下开了“贵妃醉裁缝店”。每天接送梨花白的是她师兄洛半城。老街人都说梨花白和她师兄是天造地设的一对，可就是等不到他们结合的消息。
9 **的年月，剧团由造反派接管，梨花白被当成资产阶级的黑苗子遭受批斗，发配到街道去扫大街。
程子转着轮椅，找到“靠边站”的洛半城，说：“我听着剧团里演李铁梅的那主嗓子不中，不洪亮。英雄李铁梅声音不洪亮咋能鼓舞咱老街人们。你和剧团头头说说，可以让梨花白伴唱，这也是接受改造，接受教育嘛。”
剧团头头觉得革命群众说得有理，就把梨花白抽回团里，在幕后为演李铁梅的演员伴唱。老街人知道后，都去听梨花白唱戏，听戏的人多了，剧团头头挺高兴。
中秋时节，梨花白发烧，嗓子不佳，她和剧团头头请假。头头瞪着三角眼不允许——中秋节快到了，要过革命化的中秋节，死了都要唱。
结果梨花白在唱“打不尽豺狼决不下战场”时，倒了嗓子。剧团头头说梨花白故意破坏，还是想着那些才子佳人。在戏园子的土台子上，不但批斗打骂梨花白，还要她把“打不尽豺狼决不下战场”唱一百遍。
梨花白直唱得气若游丝，昏死过去。从医院出来，梨花白彻底失音，别说唱戏，说话都如蚊子嗡嗡。洛半城气愤难平，把剧团头头狠狠揍了一通，从此不再唱戏。
一个艺人，不能唱戏，活着还有什么意义?梨花白来到了洛河边。圆月朗朗，秋水依依。梨花白的脚刚刚踏进河水，却听到洛河桥上传来《贵妃醉酒》：海岛冰轮初转腾，见玉兔，玉兔又早东升。那冰轮离海岛，乾坤分外明„„竟然是程子。梨花白哭倒在程子怀中。
**过后，梨花白又回到剧团，担任艺术指导。她退休后常常推着程子去广场听大家聚会唱戏，两人真的是发如梨花。
又是一个中秋夜。老街戏园子那座土台子上，梨花白和洛半城着装重彩，冰冷的月光下，演着《贵妃醉酒》。
台下没有观众，静静的场子里，只有一部空空的轮椅。——(选自《市井人物•出门是江湖》)
14.下列对这篇小说思想内容与艺术特色的分析和鉴赏，正确的一项是( )(3分)
A.程子专程等候梨花白并送她回家，一是因为戏园子在城外两里地，天又黑，他怕路上不安全，二是他想让梨花白给他唱一曲《贵妃醉酒》。
B.城里的人都认为梨花白和她的师兄极为般配，但就是没有他们结合的消息，这是因为当时梨花白内心对程子十分愧疚。
C.小说中的环境描写并不多，但多次写到清幽的青石板路和冷冷的月光。既渲染了气氛，同时也给小说蒙上了一层淡淡的忧伤。
D.小说在刻画人物上主要是正面描写，如语言描写、神态描写、动作描写、心理描写等，凝练传神地塑造了鲜明的人物形象。 15.请简要分析程子的性格特点。(5分)
10 16.小说中“贵妃醉酒”出现了多次,请简要分析其在文中的作用。(6分)
六、阅读下面文章，完成17～19题。
第九封信 金立明
“我很好!一切都很正常。胳膊恢复得很快，刚做过透视，再过一个星期就可以拆石膏了„„”她提笔写道。
可是她想写的却是：“快回来吧，我唯一的远在天边的骨肉!我糟透了。现在，我仅有的愿望就是希望能再看你一眼了。我这骨折不是通常的骨折，刚从医院里回来，我能从医生们的眼神里看出来，很快，我就要离开人世了。”
可是她是母亲，她不能这么写。
死是肯定的了，对于她的孩子来说，这是一种难以承受的打击。可是要是她赶了回来， 停止了两个月后即将完成的学业，面临将是双重的灾难。而一份就已经过重了„„我不能再给她添加那另外的一份了„„自从有了这一想法后，每天，她都强打精神，开始想为她的孩子再做一些她所能做的事。她开始一封一封地写起信来。这是她一直保持着的习惯，每周一封信。
为了瞒住事实，每一封信都用的是一种平和而又轻松的语气。
写满了八封信后，在写第九封时，她的四肢便有些不听使唤了。她有些后悔，她想到现在就是再想改变主意，想让她的孩子马上回来，怕都已经来不及了。可是这第九封信她还是坚持着写完了。有时一整天，她只能写上一两句。
死期临近了，病房里那位专职护士答应了她这严肃的请求，同意在她死后将按着顺序， 照样每周一封地发出这些已提前写好、封好了的信。
那在英国攻读学位的女儿每次收到母亲的信时，都有一种无法形容的喜悦。说透了，在这异地，只有这才是促使她不断努力的真正动力。
“„„新来的保姆姓陈，人挺不错，不像有的保姆，一吃完饭，洗完碗，就进屋里睡觉去了。那天刮大风，所有的灯都灭了，她一直陪我聊天，直到天明。”
“„„在家时，小狗总是等你回来给它开晚餐罐头。你走了都快四年了，可直到现在，它仍没有改过这一习惯哩。那天傍晚，见它始终站在门口朝着后院的马路呆望，时不时地呜呜哀叫几声，我就完全知道，那是它在殷切地盼着你回来给她准备晚餐哩„„”
学期终于结束了。脱下那套为拍照而穿上的博士服后，她直感到一种前所未有的轻松。而就在这个时候，第九封信也就随着到来了。
“具，不要难过，不能不告诉你的是，在你收到这封信时，我已辞世近两个月了。请不要惋惜我们没能最后见上一面。„„这是我唯一能为你做的事了。你没有父亲，一直靠打工挣钱学习，你的成长极其不易。但好在千辛万苦，你还是入了正轨。
“两个多月前，在你写信告诉我，说你将闭门不出，直到获得学位后再给我写信时，我
11 便有了这一想法。
“前面那八封信都是我在重病时写成的。你没有看出破绽来，我很高兴。„„别哭泣， 具，你不是常人，也别浪费路费再赶回来看我的骨灰盒了，这没有太大的意义。关于我的病情，我已附上这段时间的病历。
“你自幼就比谁都美丽。自你长成后，看着你简直是一种享受。你比我怀你时所想象的要全面多了。但可惜的是，从小时候起，你就没有穿过一件像样的衣服，常因为衣服而受同学们的嘲讽，实在是太对不起你了。在获得学位后，我希望你能开始一种真正的生活，希望能像那始终处于劣境中的辛迪瑞拉一样，总有一天，你的美丽，你的心地，你所秉有的一切都能得到公认„„”
“哦，不!„„妈妈!”看到这里，具再也忍耐不住地痛哭起来„„“可是为什么，为什么我们常要用惨痛的、确确实实的牺牲，去换取那些所谓的虚无的利益啊!为什么利总是高于益，占据了心灵里这最最主要的位置呢?”
时隔很久，她仍在想着，仍分辨不清：母亲究竟是为自己做了一件好事，还是一件错事呢?
(选自《深圳特区报》)
17.下列对小说思想内容与艺术特色的分析与鉴赏，最獉恰当的两项是(4分)(
) ( )
A.小说以“信”为线索，通过对母亲写信和女儿读信的过程描写，表现了母亲对女儿的深沉之爱，令人感动。
B.母亲的每一封信都用的是一种平和而又轻松的语气，目的是为了瞒住自己即将去世的事实，让女儿能安心完成学业。
C.小说擅长人物心理描写，“死是肯定的了，对于她的孩子来说，这是一种难以承受的打击„„”这部分属于人物内心独白。
D.小说情节波澜起伏、曲折动人，高潮部分女儿读母亲第九封信，既紧扣小说标题，又表现了母亲、女儿各自的形象特点。
E.本文虽篇幅短小，但情节完整，以第一封信展开叙述，以第九封信结尾，首尾呼应，表现了作者对小说中母女的同情。
18.小说中引用了母亲两封分别讲保姆和小狗的信，有什么作用?请简要分析。(4分)
19.“为什么利总是高于益，占据了心灵里这最最主要的位置呢?”这里“利”和“益”具体指什么?你如何看待这种“利益”观?结合全文，谈谈你的看法。(6分)
高考小说阅读 训练答案
1.(5分)EB 2.(6分)六根是一个长期工作在最基层的村长，他既敬业清廉又清醒自尊，有时简单粗暴。 小说中写到自己当了十几年村长，没为自己多捞一根柴火，没做一件昧良心的事;开山修路，让村里的孩子上学有路走;清醒地认识到“这世道变了。人都被金钱蒙住了眼”;对妻子女儿动辄就骂，显得有点粗暴简单。(一点一分)
分析六根的形象，要关注小说中对六根的描写，包括正面描写和侧面烘托，对六根的语言，动作，神态的描写，通过“沉了脸说道”“这世道变了。”人都被金钱蒙住了眼“刘根感到极难过。自己当了七十几年村长，爱村，敬业，没有为自己多捞一根柴火，没做一件昧良心的事”“今后，我们每年都要给您送灯，您开山修路，让我们上学有路走„„”这些描写可以看出，六根是一个一心为民的好干部，但面对现实情况，也感觉无能为力，而且他是一个对妻子和女儿很粗暴的人。
考点：欣赏作品的形象，能力层为介绍评价D。 3.(5分)①“殇”本意是指人没有到成年就死去;常用于指重大的灾难、事故;心理上的剧烈悲痛、创伤;(事件所折射出的)巨大的悲哀、遗憾等。②本文指六根面对门前挂灯笼这件事的变化，内心产生的剧烈伤痛。③也指在经济大潮的冲击下，在社会转型时期，作者对人心倾斜、真善美被抛弃的感伤。(每点2分，言之成理酌情给分)
标题“灯殇”寓意颇深，表达了作者对人性泯灭的祭奠。灯笼本来表达了人们对真善美的追求，现在，在经济利益的利益诱惑下，人心趋向于对金钱的追求，忘却了真善美。用“殇”字表达了作者对这样的现实感觉到伤痛。
4.CD(A“爱好和平、一心为民”不准确，B“对自己此行安危的忧虑”不妥，E心理描写不是主要方式。每项2分)
5. ①人物语言极具个性，朱先生的语言文言化、书面化，张总督的语言粗鲁、口语化。②叙事语言简约、平实，大多直陈其事，少有修饰。③古雅厚重有韵味，多有诗词歌谣入文。(每点1分，3点4分)
6. ①使故事更曲折，增强了文本张力，激发了读者的阅读兴趣。②在矛盾中，刻画并丰富了二人的性格，尤其是显示了朱先生的人格和威望。③强化主题，通过拒绝，表明朱先生此行的目的是为民请命，赞美了知识分子的担当。(每点2分) 7. A 8.第一次写瀑布交代与姐姐分别的地点，为下文鲁鲁在瀑布前哀号埋下伏笔;第二次写瀑布，呼应前文，刻画了鲁鲁的形象，表现了鲁鲁对主人的思念和内心的哀伤;瀑布的美及雷鸣般的水流声，与离别的伤感交织在一起，营造了悲剧氛围。
(5分。答对一点2分，二点4分，三点5分。若有其他答法，言之成理，可酌情给分。)
9.【答案示例】①动物的悲鸣:狗与主人的两次离别之痛，被世人驱赶打杀之苦，命运颠沛流离之艰。 ②人性的呼唤:人与人之间要关爱、忠诚，人与动物也应平等、热诚相待。
③作者借小狗的悲鸣，反映了战乱中人无法掌握自己命运的无奈，呼唤着心灵之间的贴近和沟通，真挚和热诚。(6分。每一点2分。若有其他答法，言之成理，可酌情给分。)
10.CE (答E得3分，答C得2分，答A得1分;答B.D不得分) 试题分析：A.“主要反映了小人物的性格悲剧”不准确，主要反映的应是当时法国社会的道德堕落问题;B.“奥士高纳大爷的死不是社会道德堕落的必然悲剧，而是马具商与他个人纠葛和他个人性格悲剧所造成的必然结果”错误，奥士高纳大爷的死不是马具商与他个人纠葛和他个人性格悲剧所造成的必然结果，而是社会道德堕落的必然悲剧;D.“淡淡的幽默与辛辣的讽刺相交织”与“含蓄冷峻的风格特点”错误，小说把作者自己的爱憎、褒贬寄托在情节中，体现出对人物的深深同情，没有讽刺之意，也并非冷峻，而是将激情隐藏在内容的描写之中。
11.①小说中置奥士高纳大爷于死地的力量有三种：一是马具商的诬告，二是乡政府的审问，三是周围群众的奚落。(2分)②在这场逼死奥士高纳大爷的围攻中，马具商是发难者;乡政府的审问，代表官方压制，加剧了整个社会的猜测与不信任，起到了推波助澜的作用;致使奥士高纳大爷忧郁而死的第三方面力量是众人的嘲笑和奚落。(2分)③这三股力量汇集在一起，形成一个无形的罗网，而其核心又是社会的道德堕落、愚昧的偏见和可怕的习惯势力。(2分)(试题分析：本题重点考查学生把握文章内容和筛选文章信息的能力。解答此题要认真研读文本，围绕奥士高纳大爷死的事件来展开。)
12.①奥士高纳大爷是法国社会中一个勤俭、诚实的农民，作者着重描写的不是他物质生活的贫穷，而是精心刻画他精神上所受的折磨。(2分)②将奥士高纳大爷置于一个特定的生活环境中，在群体精神麻
13 木的思想状态下，围绕着诚实与说谎这一矛盾冲突，充分展示奥士高纳大爷的性格特点。(2分)③细节描写、心理描写。小说紧紧扣住奥士高纳大爷“诚实”的性格这一特征，以洗练精确的细节描写，深入细致的心理刻画，描写了他的性格发展，心理变化，写得细致生动，自然而无雕琢。(2分)(试题分析：本题重点考查学生分析人物形象的能力。分析人物形象时要抓住人物的身份、背景、细节描写等。)
13.观点一：以“老实人的故事”为题不合适。①小说通过一根绳子的故事，反映荒唐混乱的世风，揭示重大的社会道德问题，如果以“老实人的故事”为题，过于直白，无法增强小说意蕴的深刻性。②小说以“绳子”为线索，布置全局，结构全文。全文围绕一根小小的绳子，描写一个老实人的悲剧，故事娓娓道来，不露痕迹，使精巧、奇特出于自然。如果以“老实人的故事”为题，小说的行文线索就不够明晰，情节衔接就不自然。③小说从现实生活中选取有典型意义的片段，把“绳子的故事”作为透视点来窥视大千世界，以小见大，由点及面反映普遍的社会现实，如果以“老实人的故事”为题，就不能显示由点及面、以小见大的艺术手法。
观点二：以“老实人的故事”为题合适。①小说的主要人物是奥士高纳大爷，他是一位勤俭诚实的老实人，以“老实人的故事”为题，有利于描写小说的主要人物，突出人物的形象特点。 ②小说写奥士高纳大爷在赶集路上捡到一根绳子，因而被冤家诬告，又受到众人奚落，以致忧郁而死，主要内容是围绕这个老实人而展开的，以“老实人的故事”为题，可与小说的内容更吻合。③小说通过奥士高纳大爷的悲剧，展示了把诚实厚道、纯朴善良看作违反常理的社会道德观念，以“老实人的故事”为题，也是与小说的主题相融相符的。(观点明确2分，结合文本内容2分，分析恰当4分，言之成理即可)
14.C(A项，程子让梨花白唱《贵妃醉酒》的要求，是在梨花白一再强调要给钱的情况下才提出的。B项，梨花白没有与师兄结合的原因，文章并没有具体给出，此项判断过于武断。D项，在刻画人物上，文章并没有出现对人物的心理描写。)
15.①痴情专一，表现在他对戏曲对梨花白都很痴迷。②细心体贴，比如在送梨花白回家的路途上，小心翼翼，不想打扰梨花白休息。③吃苦耐劳，每天都送梨花白回家，不避风雨。④善良勇敢，在梨花白处于危险之时，舍命救人。⑤乐观坚韧，在腿脚残疾的情况下，自力更生。(答对一点给1分，两点给3分，三点给5分。每点概括1分，分析1分。其他答案，言之有理，可酌情给分。)
16.①贯穿全文，是小说的线索，推动着故事情节的发展。程梨二人首先因戏结识，接着二人又因戏增进了情义，后来程子的《贵妃醉酒》又挽救了梨花白的性命，最后梨花白的演绎，又再一次将二人的情感升华。②丰富了人物形象。比如文章借《贵妃醉酒》既突出了梨花白演艺技巧的高超，也突显了程子对梨花白的挚爱。③深化了文章的主题。这首曲子见证了他们故事的发展，也承载着他们深厚的情义。同时，这份情义也不因时代的变迁及摧残而改变。(共三点，一点2分，概括和分析各1分。其他答案，言之有理，可酌情给分。)
17.AC 解析：B并不是每一封信都如此，第九封信告诉了女儿事实。D小说情节并不波澜起伏，而是在平静叙述中道出母亲对女儿的深爱之情。E结尾不是第九封信，而是女儿良久的沉思。(4分，答对一项给2分)
18.①虚构保姆这一情节，目的是告诉女儿自己生活得很好，让女儿安心;讲小狗之事，含蓄地表达了母亲对女儿的期盼②体现了母亲想要瞒住事实，又极其孤独，无限思念女儿、期盼女儿归来的矛盾心情，突出了深爱女儿的母亲的形象。③情节上，也为女儿读第九封信的高潮蓄势，增强小说感染力。(每点2分，答出两点即可得4分)
19.“利”指母亲看重的，哪怕牺牲自己也希望女儿获得的学业成就和人生成功。“益”指女儿看重的能回国照顾病重的母亲，见母亲最后一面，获得心灵慰藉的母女亲情。(2分)
看法：观点一 这样的“利益”体现了母亲对女儿深沉之爱，令人感动。①母亲独自养育女儿，唯其成才是最大的心愿，所以隐瞒了自己病重即将去世的事实，鼓励女儿最后完成学业;②女儿在母亲的爱与持支持下最终完成学业，没有辜负母亲一直以来在学业上对她的期望，尽了母亲所希望的孝道;③母亲的忍耐和牺牲成就了女儿学业的成功，表现了母爱的无私与伟大，一曲浓浓的母爱颂歌，令人感动。(观点1分，陈说理由一点1分)
观点二 这样的“利益”体现了人们在面对名利时牺牲亲情，成就名利的无奈，令人心酸。①母亲病重，即将离世，唯一的亲人能在身边对母女二人来说都是一种慰藉，而母亲却隐瞒了事实，致使母女未能见最后一面，留下了永久的遗憾。②母亲为了女儿能完成学业牺牲自我，牺牲亲情，表现了母爱的伟大与无私，更体现了相依为命的母女在生活中的不易与艰辛，无奈与辛酸。③这样的“利益观”展示了两代人关于亲情与名利、爱与孝的不同理解，引发人们对“爱”这一主题深层次的思考。(观点1分，陈说理由一点1分)
第四篇：初中文言文阅读训练 附答案
一.《诗画皆以人重》(王士禛)
②③予尝谓诗文书画皆以人重，苏、黄遗墨流传至今，一字兼金;章惇、京、卞岂不工书，后
人粪土视之，一钱不直。永叔有言，古之人率皆能书，独其人之贤者传遂远，使颜鲁公④书虽不工，后世见者必宝之，非独书也。诗文之属莫不皆然。
(选自《明清闲情小品赏析》)
注：①王士禛，清代诗人。②兼金，价值等于平常金子几倍的好金子。③章惇、京、卞，京指蔡京，卞指蔡卞，三人都是北宋朝廷大臣，擅长书法。④颜鲁公，即颜真卿。封鲁国郡公，人称“颜鲁公”。工书法，自创一体，对后世影响很大，人称“颜体”。
18.下列句中加点“然”与其他三句中加点“然”用法不相同的一项是()(2分)
A.则弛然而卧 B.诗文之属莫不皆然
C.杂然而前陈者 D.黄发垂髫并怡然自乐
19.解释下列句子中加点的词语。(2分)
(1)一钱不直直：
(2)后世见者必宝之宝：
20.翻译下面句子。(4分)
(1)后人粪土视之
译文：
(2)古之人率皆能书，独其人之贤者传遂远
译文：
21.下列对文章的理解与分析错误的一项是()(2分)
A.作者认为诗歌、文章、书法、绘画是否受人重视都与人的品格有关。
B.作者认为苏轼、黄庭坚的书法绘画作品流传下来不只是因为他们技艺高。
C.作者认为章惇、蔡京、蔡卞等人也都是些精于书法的人。
D.作者认为颜真卿的书法其实不好，后世喜欢的原因是颜真卿的品德好。
22.填空。(4分)
(1)“苏、黄”中的“苏”指北宋文学家、书画家苏东坡。他的词《水调歌头·明月几时有》千古传唱，其最后两句“，。”表达了作者对亲人的怀念和祝愿。(2分)
(2)永叔，即欧阳修，字永叔，北宋文学家。初中课本里，他的《醉翁亭记》中描写山间四时景色的句子是：野芳发而幽香，，风霜高洁，，山间之四时也。(2分)
18.B (2分。A、C、D中的“然”，……的样子，B然，这样)19. (1)直，同“值”。 (2)宝，以……为宝(把……当作宝贝)，或珍爱、喜爱、喜欢。 (2分。每词1分)20.(1)后来的人们(都把他们的书法)看作粪土。 (2)古代的人大都会书法，只有那些品格高尚的人(的书法)才能流传得久远。(4分。每句2分，意思对即可)21.D (2分。作者假设即使颜真卿书法不好。因为他的品德好，也会受到后人的重视。说明品德对于书法的重要)22.(1)但愿人长久，千里共蝉娟。 (2)佳木秀而繁阴 水落而石出者。(4分每句1分，有错别宇该空不得分) ①
第五篇：冰心《忆读书》课内阅读训练附答案
一谈到读书，我的话就多了! 我自从会认字后不到几年，就开始读书。倒不是四岁时读母亲教给我的商务印书馆出版的国文教科书第一册的“天、地、日、月、山、水、土、木”以后的那几册，而是七岁时开始自己读的“话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分„„”的《三国演义》。 那时我的舅父杨子敬先生每天晚饭后必给我们几个表兄妹讲一段《三国演义》，我听得津津有味，什么“宴桃园豪杰三结义，斩黄巾英雄首立功”，真是好听极了。但是他讲了半个钟头，就停下去干他的公事了。我只好带着对故事下文的无限悬念，在母亲的催促下，含泪上床。 此后，我决定咬了牙，拿起一本《三国演义》来，自己一知半解地读了下去，居然越看越懂，虽然字音都读得不对，比如把“凯”念作“岂”，把“诸”念作“者”之类，因为我只学过那个字的一半部分。 谈到《三国演义》，我
(1)我只好带着对故事下文的无限悬念„„。 ______________________________________________________________ (2)我决定咬了牙„„
______________________________________________________________ 4.“一知半解地读下去，居然越看越懂”“越看越懂”的含义是什么?请用自己的话说明。 ______________________________________________________________ 5.根据文意进行归纳整理：作者喜欢读哪些作品?不喜欢读哪些作品?喜欢和不喜欢的理由是什么? ______________________________________________________________ 6.从作者对读书的回忆中，你得到什么启发?你对语文学习有什么新的认识? ______________________________________________________________ [参考答案]
1、落笔点题，统领全文，突出爱读书的感情基调。
2、突出表现对《三国演义》(或自选读物)的喜爱。
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