关于俄罗斯的英文介绍

2022-12-06

第一篇：关于俄罗斯的英文介绍

罗斯福总统的国会珍珠港演说中英文对照版（最终版）

Pearl Harbor address to the nation

(国会珍珠港演说)

Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.

The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu,the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the

Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition,American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.

Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire. 副总统先生、议长先生、参众两院各位议员：

昨天，1941年12月7日，我们必须永远记住这个耻辱的日子，在这一天美利坚合众国受到了日本帝国海空军突如其来的蓄意攻击。

美国和日本是和平相处的，根据日本的请求仍在同它的政府和天皇进行会谈，以期待维护太平洋地区的和平。

实际上，就在日本空军部队已经着手开始轰炸美国瓦湖岛之后的一小时，日本驻美国大使和同僚还向我们的国务卿提交了对美国最近致日方消息的正式答复。虽然复函声称继续现行外交谈判似已无用，但却并未包含有关战争或武装攻击的威胁或暗示。

历史将会作证，由于夏威夷距离日本的距离如此之远，显然表明这次进攻是经过许多天甚至许多个星期精心策划的。在调停期间，日本政府蓄意以虚伪的声明和表示继续维持和平的愿望来欺骗美国。

昨天对夏威夷群岛的攻击给美国海陆军部队造成了严重的损害。我遗憾地告诉各位，许多美国人丧失了生命，此外，根据报告，美国船只在旧金山和火奴鲁鲁之间的公海上也遭到了鱼雷袭击。

昨天，日本政府已发动了对马来亚的进攻。

昨晚，日本军队进攻了香港。

昨晚，日本军队进攻了关岛。

昨晚，日本军队进攻了菲律宾群岛。

昨晚，日本人进攻了威克岛。

今晨，日本人进攻了中途岛。

因此，日本在整个太平洋区域采取了突然攻势。昨天和今天的事实不言自明。美国的人民已经形成了自己的见解，并且非常清楚这关系到我们国家的安全和生存本身。

作为陆、海军总司令，我已指示，为了我们的防务采取一切措施。但是，我们整个国家将永远记住这次对我们突袭的性质。

不论要用多长时间才能战胜这次有预谋的入侵，美国人民将一定要以自己的正义力量赢得绝对的胜利。

我们现在预言，我们不仅要做出最大的努力来保卫我们自己，我们还将确保这种背信弃义的形式永远不会再次危及到我们。我这样说，相信是表达了国会和人民的意志。

敌对行动已经存在。无庸赘言，我国人民、我国领土和我国利益都处于严重危险之中。

相信我们的武装部队——依靠我国人民的坚定决心——我们将取得必然的胜利——愿上帝帮助我们!

我要求国会宣布：自1941年12月7日星期日，日本发动无端的、卑鄙的进攻时起，美国和日本帝国之间已处于战争状态。

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美国第32任总统富兰克林·D·罗斯福(Franklin D. Roosevelt )(1933—1945)，从1933年3月起，直到1945年4月去世时为止，任职长达12年。曾赢得美国民众长达7周的高支持率，创下历史记录。

1941年12月7日早晨7点53分，日本突袭美军在夏威夷的基地珍珠港。次日，美国总统罗斯福在国会愤然发表了这篇的演说，至此，太平洋战争全面爆发。

第二篇：俄罗斯口岸通关介绍

俄罗斯口岸通关介绍--海关估价

发布日期：2009-8-4 15:34:40

商品的海关估价由报关人根据客观、准确并有交易所证明的信息，按法律规定的方法加以确定，并在报关时向海关申报。报关人应按照海关的要求提供能证明所报价值的一切必要的单证，根据合同条件的不同，可以向海关提供下列单证：1.创办文件、合同、合同补充书;

2.与交易有关的第三方所签的合同;3.发票(账单)及银行结算凭证;4.能证明商品价值的会计凭证;5.运输及保险单证;6.发货国报关单;7.订货单;8.仓单;9.生产厂家商品目录、明细单、价目表;10.装箱单;11.产地证书、质量检验证书、安全证书以及其它能证明所报价值的单证。

报关人不能证明其所报价值可靠性的情况下，海关可决定不采用报关人所选择的估价方法，自行对商品作出估价。

第三篇：俄罗斯产品认证介绍

发布日期：2008-8-11 15:24:52

自1995年俄罗斯联邦法律《产品及认证服务法》颁布之后，俄罗斯开始实行产品强制认证制度，对需要提供安全认证的商品从最初的数十种发展到现在的数千种，商品上市实行产品认证准入制度，要求国内市场上市商品必须有强制认证标志。近年来，俄罗斯逐步加强了进口商品的强制性认证管理，将产品强制认证扩展到了海关，俄罗斯《产品及认证服务法》

第14条规定“对于按照俄罗斯联邦法令规定需要进行强制认证的产品，其进口合同中应写明要出据合格证和合格标记”、“产品合格证应与货物海关申报单一起向海关出示，并作为主要文件用以获得进入俄罗斯联邦境内的许可”。

俄罗斯政府规定的强制认证产品范围

1996年和1999年俄罗斯联邦国家海关委员会两次公布了“进入俄罗斯联邦海关领土需要具有强制认证证明的商品清单”，主要包括：食品，家用电器，电子产品，轻工业品，化妆品、家具、玩具、陶瓷等。与我国出口俄罗斯商品对比可知，我国向俄罗斯出口的大多数产品都属于强制认证范围，动物性产品还必须有动物检疫证明，食品还必须有卫生证。国外商品通过俄罗斯标准强制认证的意义

根据俄罗斯法律，商品如果属于强制认证范围，不论是在俄罗斯生产的，还是进口的，都应依据现行的安全规定通过认证并领取俄罗斯国家标准合格证书(缩写GOST合格证)。俄罗斯国家标准合格证书分交付批证书和成批生产证书两种，一种是交付批证书，针对出口商只对一批产品有效，由于俄罗斯未对我国实验室认可，在我国不能发放。成批生产证书对我国企业非常合适，一旦通过工厂检查，在三年有效期内，允许产品在俄罗斯销售。如果出口企业不经过俄罗斯产品认证，货物到达俄罗斯以后办证非常不方便，要付海关检测费和海关仓库存储费，其费用有可能超过该笔交易的利润，且耗费时间较长。更为严重的是没有GOST证书产品根本不准上市销售。对企业来说，取得俄罗斯强制认证证书(GOST)，一方面可以直接上市销售，获得俄罗斯GOST证书和卫生证书后，可以在俄设立委托销售或直接销售。二是可长期解决使用证书的问题。一旦通过认证，在三年有效期内，每出口一批产品，领取一份证书复印件，即可作为有效证明保证出口和上市。三是可以使用俄罗斯强制认证标志，提升产品价值，为企业开拓俄罗斯市场提供信誉保证。

第四篇：罗斯福就职演讲稿英文

president hoover mister chief justice, my friends:

this is a day of national consecration, and i am certain that on this day my fellow americans expect that on my induction in the presidency i will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impeis. this is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today this great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper so first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfa recognition of the old and the permanently important manifestation of the american spirit of the pioneer. it is the way to recovery it is the immediate way it is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.

in the field of world policy i would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor. the neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of

others. the neighbor who respects his ob1igation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.

if i read the temper of our people correctly we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well. that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discip1ine, no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective. we are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a 1eadership which aims at the larger good. this, i propose to offet we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

with this pledge taken, i assume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems. action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors. our constitution is so simple, so practical, that it is possible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without loss of a central form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen. it has met every stress of vast expansion of territory of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.

and it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority wi1l be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. but it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for underlay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.

we face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity in the clearest consciousness of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike, we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

we do not distrust the future of essential democracy the people of the united states have not failed. in their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. they have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes. in the spirit of the gift, i take it.

in this dedication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the b1essings of god, may he protect each and every one of us, may he guide me in the days to come.