历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英

历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英（共10篇）

篇1：历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.

I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.

篇2：历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” , but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet--not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.

篇3：历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英

教育部在2007年颁布的修订版《大学英语课程教学要求》中,从三个层次对非英语专业学生的翻译能力提出了要求:一般要求为“能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译……译文基本准确,无重大的理解和语言表达错误”;较高要求为“……译文通顺达意,理解和语言表达错误较少。能使用适当的翻译技巧”;更高要求为:“能借助词典翻译所学专业的文献资料……能翻译介绍中国国情或文化的文章。”

二、理论背景

翻译策略的定义及类别。Wilss指出,翻译策略“是指译者在把源语文本转换为目标语文本时采纳的步骤”。Jaaskelainen曾指出,翻译策略是译者在翻译实践中,自认为要达到的既定目标的最佳方法。翻译策略的研究离不开翻译研究学派的发展,每个学派都有区别于别的学派的翻译策略。方梦之根据历史形成、理论渊源和实践指向把翻译策略分为三类:传统型翻译策略、理论型翻译策略(含语言学派策略、文化学派策略、目的论策略)和实践型翻译策略。其中传统型翻译策略指直译、意译和音译;语言学派策略包括纽马克的交际翻译、语义翻译,以及语用翻译法;文化学派策略则包含改写、归化、异化、阻抗、创译、文化移植、同化等翻译策略;目的论翻译策略包含纪实性翻译与工具性翻译、显性翻译和隐性翻译;实践型翻译策略则含有解释性翻译、深度翻译等。

三、研究方法与目的

本研究使用的翻译文本为第三版《新视野大学英语读写教程2》第三单元课后汉译英翻译练习,使用批改网收集译文,并参考其依据参考译文自动打分的结果对译文按分数从高至低排序编号。本次最高分为86.4分,最低分为65.5分。第三版《读写教程》于2015年付印使用,改变了第二版《读写教程》课后单句翻译练习的形式,采用了大学英语四级汉译英考试题型,即段落翻译的形式,内容多为丝绸之路、书法、刺绣、孝道等中国特色文化概念,句式多样,适于整体研究学生在段落翻译时采取的各种策略。

参与此次翻译练习的研究对象为本校2015级戏剧影视文学、工商管理、人力资源管理专业非英语专业学生,共134人提交了译文,去除重复,共计125份有效译文。

本次研究在于通过学生真实翻译练习案例考察学生在未接受系统翻译学知识的前提下自发采取的各种翻译方法,并基于此考察大学英语翻译教学中可以重点关注的翻译理念与方法,进而提升非英语专业学生的汉译英能力,同时也为我校后续高级英语阅读与翻译课程的开设提供实证支撑。

四、翻译策略分析

1. 合译与增译。

源文本第一句为:“孝道(filial piety)是中国古代社会的基本道德规范(code of ethics)。”本句为段首,使用了总结性语言,概括了“孝道”的特征。在句法上直接对应英文的主-系-表句型,所以大部分同学(93.6%)采取了语义翻译的方式,即译文保留原文语序,如“3.Filial piety is essential code of ethics of Chinese ancient society.”。参考译文也是采取了此种翻译模式,即“Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society”。值得注意的是,参考批改网自动打分系统的结果,本次高分段(高分段:82.5-86.5)译文在翻译本句时有明显的句型调整,体现了交际翻译的特点。125份译文中有5份译文将原文第一句与第二句合并翻译,分别采取了同位语从句、分词与介词短语作状语的形式。此外另有3份译文使用了主语从句与强调句型的形式,是增译法的体现。

2. 主动与被动的调整。

原文第二句为中文里常见的把字句,暗含主动与被动关系,既可以理解为“中国人把孝道视为”,也可以理解为“孝道被中国人视为”。两种理解方式可以体现在学生的译文中。经统计,排除句法错误严重的三份译文之后,余下的122份译文中,仅有11份译文(9%)将原文第二句译为被动句,即将“孝道”作为句子主语处理。而这11份译文里,9份译文是因为处于复合句中,为了与前句主语一致而进行的句法调整,权且称之为被动性句法调整;仅有2份明显体现出译者的参与,即将第二句的主语特意调整为“孝道”,而非原文中的“中国人”,权且称之为主动性句法调整。此外111份(91%)译文保留了原文语序,采取了语义翻译模式。

五、总结

本文对1,2份段落汉译英文本进行了详细分析,考察了非英语专业大学生在翻译过程中的翻译策略选择倾向。分析发现,大部分学生在翻译时主要采取了语义翻译模式,尤其是在处理汉语中含有明显的主被动关系的把字句及含因果关系、并列关系的句子时,皆有60%以上的同学使用语义翻译模式,仅在翻译汉语长定语时,大部分同学的译文体现出交际翻译方法。此外,不足10%的大学生采取了增译、合译、主被动转换等技巧。虽然语义翻译及交际翻译的优劣无法直接进行对比,但是大部分学生在翻译时均偏向语义翻译模式体现了大学英语翻译教学中对翻译理论、策略、技巧等知识的忽视。而面对非英语专业大学生这个庞大的群体,翻译能力的培养也是不容忽视的问题,所以在未来提升大学生翻译能力这一关键性英语应用能力时,对其进行系统的翻译知识教学是不可或缺的一个关键环节。

参考文献

篇4：大学英语汉译英整句翻译步骤探析

【关键词】汉译英；整句翻译；翻译步骤

一、引语

2006年6月大学英语四级考试形式出现了重大改变，由原来的百分制变为710分制，考试题型也发生重大变化，翻译题型也由原来的英译汉变为汉译英，难度增加了。汉译英为5个句子翻译，占总分的5%；2013年大学英语四六级考试委员会又决定对四六级考试题型进行改革，其中在翻译方面又做出重大改变，除了句子翻译又加入了段落翻译。从两次考试改革中不难看出大学英语四六级考试越来越重视对学生翻译能力的考查，这就要求大学英语教师要提高对学生英语翻译能力的培养。但从目前学生在大学英语四六级考试中的答题情况来看，教师与学生对英语四六级翻译的重视程度都还远远不够。很多在普通高校监考过四六级考试的监考老师会发现大部分学生的翻译都有不能完整表达原句句意、单词短语掌握不足、不符合语法等问题；有些学生甚至会放弃这部分题，因为他们认为翻译题在试卷中所占的比重不多，而且答了也不对，所以答与不答无所谓；只有少数学生会正确判断出考点并恰当的翻译出原句。

针对这一现象，本文对汉译英整句翻译步骤进行相应探究，并提出整句翻译五步法供其他师生批评指正。

二、大学英语汉译英整句翻译五步法

步骤一：判断时态

翻译一整句话时，首先需要通过汉语意思判断该句话应该使用的时态，先判断需要用过去时、现在时还是将来时；之后再判断用过去时中的什么时态，现在时中的什么时态等。清楚的判断出时态是翻译好句子的第一步。有时在一个句子中会出现多个动词，最好也要通过动作发生的先后顺序判断出各个动词应用的时态，这一步的出色完成需要学生能够很好地了解英语几种时态的用法。下面举个例子（本文中的例子都来自于新视野大学英语第四册（第二版）课后习题中汉译英部分，之后只会简单写出第几单元第几题）。

例：这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。（第一单元，第一题）

读完这句话，可以知道这句话所说的是通常的一种情况，所以应用一般现在时进行翻译，这是判断出了主句动词的时态。可以看到，这句话中还有其他动词，例如“培育”，这个动词应用什么时态，要看“培育”与主句动词“成长”这两个动作发生的先后顺序，显然“培育”是在“成长”这个动作发生前就已经完成的，所以选择了现在完成时。

步骤二：句型与句式选择

判断完句子的时态后需要决定用什么句型来译，以及用什么句式。我们都知道英语与汉语分属于不同的两个语系，所以在翻译中应该注意两种语言的不同点，其中一点，汉语注重“意合”，英语注重“形合”，所以在汉译英时需要选择好正确的句型以及句式已达到“形合”的要求。

例：你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西是享受打折的优惠。（第三单元，第三题）

这句话是由逗号隔开的两个小句构成的，这就要判断怎样把前后两小句紧密的联系起来。我们可以发现后一个小句中有一个“它”，而“它”指的就是前一个小句中的“会员资格”，所以我们可以用定语从句来翻译这句话，使得译文更加紧凑。

步骤三：关键词汇与短语翻译

大学英语四六级难度的整句翻译要考察学生的另一种能力是对四六级单词短语的掌握与应用。这就要求学生尽可能多的掌握英语词汇与短语的用法，以及同义词语、短语之间的细微差别。在四六级考试中考同义词汇、短语的细微差别的题并不多，大多数考察的是某一词汇或短语在英语中的常用译法。以一题为例：

例：据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。（第三单元，第一题）

这句话主要考察“收受贿赂”、“亲自”、“调查”的翻译方式，只要掌握了这几个短语的译法这句话就不难译。

步骤四：连词成句

在完成前面几步之后，就可以进行连词成句了。在连词成句中，要注意句子之间、短语之间、词汇之间的搭配关系、逻辑关系以及词汇与短语的形式问题等。不能简单地把这些词语罗列起来，这容易得到令人费解的译语。

步骤五：核查

这是整句翻译五步法中的最后一步，在译完整个句子之后，要利用自己的语法知识、常识以及语感判断下自己翻译的句子是否符合说英语国家的人的语言习惯、是否符合英语规范、是否符合逻辑，同时检查一下是否有语法、词汇、书写上的错误。

三、翻译五步法实证练习

下面我们进行一个汉语句子翻译的实证练习，来验证一下汉译英整句翻译五步法的可行性。

例：对于学生而言，没有任何地方比图书馆更好了，在那里所有的图书都任由他们使用。（第四单元，第五题）

第一步：看完整个句子可以发现这是一种一般性的情况，对于大多数学生来说，图书馆就是一个好地方，这是一个事实，所以应该用现在时翻译此句；第二步：“对于学生而言”明显是一个状语，主句应为“没有任何地方比图书馆更好了”，后面的小句怎样处理这是一个难点，后面的小句中有一个很重要的短语“在那里”，“那里”指的就是“图书馆里”，也就是说前后小句有一个共同的成分“图书馆”，所以就可以把后一句处理成定语从句使前后两句紧密的联系起来，成为一句话，这个共同成分是表示地点的，所以选择关系词where来连接两个小句；第三步：这句话中主要的词汇和短语是“对于…而言”、“没有…比…更好”和“任由…使用”，分别翻译成“for sb.”、“no … better than…”和“at one’s disposal”；第四步就可以连词成句了，所以可以翻译成“For students， nowhere is better than the library， where all the books are at their disposal.”；最后就需要核查一下是否有错误。这就运用句子翻译五步法完成了一句话的翻译。

四、结语

汉译英整句翻译五步法是笔者在八年的大学英语教学中总结出来的一种翻译方法，并应用于翻译教学几年之久，但鉴于笔者能力、经验有限，这种方法必然有很多不足之处，希望对句子翻译感兴趣的师生给予批评指正。

参考文献：

[1]陈宏微.汉英翻译基础 [M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998

[2]吕瑞昌.汉英翻译教程 [M].西安：山西人民出版社，1983

[3]穆雷.中国翻译教学研究 [M].上海：上海外语教育出版社， 1999

[4]单其昌.汉英翻译技巧 [M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1990

作者简介：

篇5：考研英二历年阅读真题

Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.

Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.

With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.

Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.

26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____

[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.

[B] leave their home countries for good.

[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.

[D] find permanent jobs overseas.

27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____

[A] needs new immigrant categories.

[B] has loosened control over immigrants.

[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.

[D] has been fixeed via political means.

28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___

[A] fiancial incentives.

[B] a global recognition.

[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.

[D] the freedom to stay and leave.

29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __

[A] as faithful partners.

[B] with economic favors.

[C] with regal tolerance.

[D] as mighty rivals.

30 选出最适合文章的标题

[A] come and go: big mistake.

[B] living and thriving : great risk.

[C] with or without : great risk.

篇6：历年考研英一阅读理解真题

In the film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[A] poor bargaining skill.

[B] insensitivity to fashion.

[C] obsession with high fashion.

[D] lack of imagination.

22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

[A] combat unnecessary waste.

[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.

[C] resist the influence of advertisements.

[D] shop for their garments more frequently.

23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation.

[B] enthusiasm.

[C] indifference.

[D] tolerance.

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?

[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

25. What is the subject of the text?

[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.

[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

篇7：大学英语精读4汉译英翻译总结

2． 一般来说，年轻的一代与老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是过去更感兴趣。但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需求，就都会遭受损失。

3． 中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。

4． 在中国的传统艺术和文学中，竹子和松树往往象征着道德上的正直和刚正不阿。

5． 女皇伊丽莎白一世统治英国45年。在她统治时期，国家十分繁荣昌盛。

6． 民主意味着多数人来治理；但不仅如此，尊重少数人反对的权利也是民主不可分的一部分。这两条规则同等重要。

7． 一个国家不可能强大，除非她不但在地狸上，而且在政治、经济和文化上都是一个整体。

8． 晚会十分乏味，所以他就偷偷溜出房间回家了。可是雨后的路非常泥泞，他脚下一滑，掉进了沟里

9． 她身体糟糕到了这种程度，以至于冬天都不敢见太阳，怕中暑。

10． 有一天晚上，我正在一家小饭馆里借酒浇愁，他突然走了过来，往我手里塞了一沓钞票。

Unit 2 1.诸葛亮装作十分镇静，成功地瞒过了司马懿，使他不知道这座城实际上是没有守卫的空城。他证明了自己值得受到人们的崇拜和尊敬。

2.他知道大战在即，而且他的军队和敌人众寡悬殊，所以他假装正在迅速往后方撤退。实际上他是在给的敌人准备一个大陷阱。

3.社会达尔文主义者认为我们可以把人类社会比作动物世界。他们脑袋里似乎没有想过人和动物会有不同。人所依靠的是他们的头脑，而不是动物本性。

4.这种大规模养殖的鸡和我们以前家养的鸡没法比。现在的养鸡场也许提高了产量，但鸡的美味给弄没了。

5.金融泡沫的最后破灭造成了席卷全球的严重危机。

6.由于我们的价格优势，我们今年向那个地区的出口与去年同期同比增长了30％。

7.记者们有一大堆问题要问，但政府发言人说，她所知道的只是大约30多个持枪的恐怖分子突然闯进剧院的时候人们正在看话剧。

8.当犯人们突然放声歌唱的时候，监狱长十分恐慌。

9.这个地区遍布工厂，而且整个岛上到处都是度假村。但是已经有迹象表明很多当地百姓将起来反对这种趋势。

10.他宣布，反叛者如果放下武器，就能得到宽恕。

Unit 3 1.我们改革开放政策的结果是经济的快速增长,但是我们不要忘记这个政策又是人民思想大解放的结果。

2.一般来说，喜欢某一个人会使你倾向于同时也喜欢他的观点。

3.我们难以预料是否有朝一日能找到处理核废料的百分百安全的方法。可能的话，我们应该换成别的能源。

4.我到处寻找一套适合摆在我那个小起居室的家具，却发现这种家具正在脱销

5.那个客栈老板在照看那个客人的时候，发现他的长相和警察要找的谋杀犯嫌疑相符合。

6.当有人问他怎样才能保持健康时，他就会提些老套的建议：坚持良好的饮食习惯，意思就是：无盐、无糖、无脂肪。

7.那水游泳都不行，更不要说引用了。正因为如此，那地区很多人都病倒了。

8.我以为他听到这事会发脾气，但他没有。相反，他突然忍不住大笑起来。

9.完工时这条铁路将延长至覆盖整个城市。

10.股市似乎对经济的繁荣没有反应，这一点让每个人都不解。怪不得人们都决定持股观望。

Unit 4 1.我看见一叶扁舟顺河漂流。我不想像这小舟一样没有目标，随波逐流地了此一生。

2.山谷里的桃花全都盛开了，让她流连忘返。在前面的不远处，她看见一家农舍，从窗户内传来了美妙的乡村音乐

3.结婚以后，我和朋友们的来往慢慢变少了。而我夹在那些一起共事的商界人士当中十分不自在，他们说的生意经让我厌烦透了。

4.他们之间已经具有发生内战的所有要素。国际社会已向双方呼吁，希望他们和平解决争端。

5.很多人认为教会正在失去它的吸引力，虽然它积累了越来越多的财富。

6.扩大业务的主意对我很有吸引力。现在我们很多贸易伙伴的经济都正在开始加速发展。我们的国内市场估计明年也将好转。

7.改革总是有风险的，但不改革风险更大。现在大多数人都希望进一步改革，尽管可定也会有人反对。

8.他读到这封信的时候气疯了。他将信撕碎，扔进了废纸篓。他从衣服上撕下一块布，用自己的鲜血写下了他的最后一封信。

9.回想起来，我们大家都觉得当初把这个美丽的城墙拆掉是愚蠢的。

10.你在家等着，我七点左右开车来接你。你别短信，医生已向我们保证，她会很快好起来。

Unit 6 1.听起来也许让人难以置信，我听说在机场一碗面要加40元。

2.孙权最后说服大家同意让陆逊——一个年轻书生——来负责这个决定性的战役。

3.他因被指控犯有走私罪而被捕。但是依照法律，没有证据不能拘捕公民。

4.她把盘子扔到地上，但它神奇地没有碎，连裂纹也没有。

5.我想你们保证，如果这里打的井足够深，肯定能找到水。所以如果大家不反对，我们就开始干。

6.她喜欢不停地挪动房间里的桌子和椅子，好让房间有一个新面貌。

7.我们经济发展的重点已经从东部沿海地区转移到了中西部地区。

8.他把车换到最高档，一下子把所有其他车都甩到了后面。

9.我主张禁烟，但他反对。因为烟草工业是政府收入的一个重要来源

10.当地百姓强烈地反对在这座美丽的山上装缆车。

Unit 9 1.我明天得去看看牙科大夫。我的一颗门牙松了。2.你翻译得太随意了，应该更加忠实于原文才是。

3.时尚总是变来变去。几年前，大家都穿紧身牛仔裤，但是现在宽松的衬衫和裤子再度流行。

4.很多村民其实都不喜欢那些恐怖分子，但是他们不得不同意窝藏他们，因为他们知道，如果不那么做，他们就会遭受严厉的惩罚。

5.内战结束以后，很多黑人仍然遭受严重的种族歧视。他们仍然不能指望政府给他们帮助。

6.传统上妇女们都被禁锢在家里，被剥夺了就业的机会。但是在战争时期，很多妇女必须进工厂去代替男人工作，这就开始唤醒了她们的社会觉悟。

7.人是能在正确和错误之间做出到的区分的唯一动物，只有人才会梦想如何把现存的世界变成人类的天堂。

8.很多城镇都失去了它们传统的美，但平遥在这一点上是个例外。具有讽刺意味的是，它之所以能保持它的美是因为多年来它穷到没钱改造。

9.她是当代中国最重要的作家之一，发表过不少不同凡响多的作品。但是，相对来说她在中国仍然鲜为人知，在一定程度上是因为我们仍缺少能把她的作品翻译成外语的人才。

Unit 11 1.我们决定下星期五讨论中日关系这个话题，不过具体时间可能会变。2.就我而言，令人讨厌的人就是那种一说话就几个钟头没完，又永远不换话题的人。

3.我们得到通知说，凡是超过伍仟万元的项目都需要得到上级的审批。不过这个过程不会太长。我们可能两三个星期就能得到批准。

4.根据合同法，所有外资企业在中国的业务经营都需遵循中国法律。

5.很多示威群众遭到了杀害和残酷地拷打，因此随后几天，越来越愤怒的示威席卷了全国。

6.那场可怕的海啸席卷了那些沿海城市的一切，造成了极其严重的伤亡。

7.所有的怀疑都被排除了。改革的思想像野火一样传遍了全国。

8.瞧你那塞满了东西的抽屉！你为什么不把没用的1东西清理掉？没有时间？胡说八道！

9.每年年底以前还清全部欠款是我们进出口公司的习惯。

篇8：历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英

关键词：词汇习得,词汇应用能力,“汉译英”单句翻译

语言学习的最终目标是进行有效的交际。词汇是交际过程中基本的、不可或缺的语言材料, 它在交际中的重要性可通过英国语言学家D.A.Wilkins在其Linguistics in Language Teaching一书中所作的相关论述得以体现:“没有语法, 能表达的内容很少;没有词汇则什么都表达不了” (Without grammar very little can be conveyed;without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed) 。可见, 词汇学习在英语学习过程中有着不言而喻的重要意义。但尽管如此, 要做到真正掌握和应用英语词汇却不是一件简单的事情。根据Wallace (1982) 的观点, 真正掌握一个单词, 就必须符合以下要求:1) 识别其书面和口头形式;2) 随时回忆起来;3) 与适当的物体或概念联系起来;4) 以适当的语法形式使用它;5) 口头上清晰地发音;6) 书写中正确地拼写;7) 按正确的搭配使用它;8) 按其适当的正式程度运用它;9) 意识到词的内涵意义与联想意义。然而, 目前在高职院校的一些师生中对词汇的掌握尚存在认识上的局限性, 那就是, 仅将词汇学习局限在对词汇的量的扩充上, 这实际上只涵盖了词汇习得的广度, 却忽略了词汇习得的深度, 即使用词汇的能力, 导致学生对英语词汇的学习只停留在简单的机械记忆阶段, 缺乏对词汇的深化学习, 影响了词汇学习的有效性, 进而导致了实际运用中英语词汇量的捉襟见肘及英语词汇应用能力的不尽如人意。由此可见, 高职学生对英语词汇的掌握程度与该要求之间还存在着很大的差距。

加强词汇学习是英语学习的必经之路。词汇学习不仅仅包括对词汇广度的学习, 还包括对词汇深度的学习。目前, 介绍词汇学习方法的文章很多, 尤其是有助于词汇的广度习得的有关词汇记忆方法的文章很多, 本文就不再赘述。这里, 笔者主要根据自己多年的教学实践经验, 谈谈如何从“汉译英”单句翻译入手, 深化高职生对英语词汇深度的把握, 提高学生英语词汇应用能力。

1 在高职院校中利用“汉译英”单句翻译强化词汇教学的理由

1.1 目前很多高职院校的词汇教学存在很大的误区, 那就是重记忆, 轻运用;

重输入, 轻输出;有悖于教学大纲重运用能力培养的要求, 导致学生英语词汇应用能力不尽如人意。

1.2 从英语词汇的词义变化来看, 一般来说英语词义比较灵

活, 词的涵义范围比较宽, 比较丰富多彩, 词义对上下文依赖性比较大, 独立性比较小。所以, 对英语词汇掌握的最佳途径就是依靠一定的语境。从词到句, 由句到篇, 句子可谓是最重要的一环, 起着承上启下的作用。而被誉为英语精读教学的“金钥匙”的汉译英单句翻译不仅能提供词汇学习所需的语境, 还能以最简单直接的方式训练学生的英语思维, 培养学生的词汇应用能力。

1.3 虽然以多数高职生原有的词汇和语法结构基础, 在刚接触

单句翻译训练时会感到一定程度上的力不从心, 但比起一些单一的词汇练习 (如词汇选择和填空题) 来说, 它更具挑战性, 更能激发学生的学习热情和战胜困难的决心。学生乐于做这样的练习。从笔者多年的教学经验来看, 对于单句翻译学生往往会经历这样一个过程:从最初的情绪上的抵触, 勉强为之到最后的跃跃欲试;从无从下笔, 到得心应手。单句翻译大大提高了词汇习得的有效性, 学生实实在在地体会了它给其词汇应用能力带来的益处, 更加乐于做这样的练习, 形成一种乐学、勤学、善学的良性循环。

2“汉译英”单句翻译对英语词汇应用能力培养的作用

2.1 加深对词汇的记忆, 加深对英语词汇词义和词性的理解。

词义辨析、遣词用字是翻译时自始至终需要面临的两个问题, 这一过程自然涉及到在母语与目的语之间寻找相对固定的词义对应关系, 在两种语言之间就词性、词义进行分析比较, 在潜移默化中加深对英语词汇的记忆, 对词义和词性的理解, 提高学生的词汇应用能力。

2.2 活用词汇。

“汉译英”单句翻译以句子为单位, 把词汇放在以句子为单位的语境中, 通过对句子结构的分析, 了解两种语言思维表达上的特点与差异, 实现两种语言句子结构的转换, 以及通过辨析词义、遣词用字达到活用词汇的目的, 不断将消极词汇逐步变成积极词汇, 即不但能说出某词的词义, 还要会读、会拼, 知道其语法属性, 正确运用该词的搭配, 指出该词所传达的感情色彩。

2.3 克服英语词汇应用上的负迁移。

由于母语与目的语在构词、习惯表达等方面的差异往往使学生在学习目的语的过程中难以摆脱母语的干扰, 在词汇应用上出现负迁移现象。单句翻译给学生提供了英文语句输出的实践平台, 学生在此平台上通过实践逐步摆脱母语语言、文化的干扰, 用目的语清楚有效地传达信息, 获得正确的英语词汇应用能力。

3“汉译英”单句翻译教学提高词汇应用能力的实施途径

3.1 以教材为蓝本, 以课文词汇, 练习中的词汇为线索, 以多

种教学方式将与其相关的“汉译英”单句翻译训练穿插在整个课堂教学过程之中。由于课堂教学的时间限制, 翻译训练所选用的句子最好是那些具有一定代表性的、难易适中的、启迪思维的、适合高职生英语水平的“汉译英”句子。如在涉及到due这个词时, 笔者让学生翻译这样一段对话:A: (问一个怀孕的妇女) 你孩子的预产期在什么时候?B:在今年7月。学生的翻译五花八门, 准确的对应表达却是A:When is your baby due?B:My baby is due in this July.通过讲评和翻译该句, 学生们加深了对due的理解, 对与其有关的其它短语和句子的理解和翻译就变得轻松自如起来。这样既兼顾了句子翻译所应满足的两个基本要求:grammatically and idiomatically, 又突出了重点, 突破了难点。只要持之以恒坚持训练, 久而久之, 学生的词汇应用、英语翻译和表达能力都将会大有起色。

3.2 加强词法和句法辅助学习和训练, 尤其是对词性和句型结构的训练。

在教学中, 笔者发现很多大一新生不明了词性和句子成分之间的对应关系, 语法结构理解不当, 句子组织能力差, 翻译中常常出现句子结构错误、词性用法错误等等问题。句型结构是英语词汇的表现手段, 英语词汇的词义灵活, 对语境的依赖性大, 所以词汇的应用离不开正确合理的句型结构。错误分析法是笔者经常使用的加强词性和句型结构的训练的方法, 该方法通过识别错误、描写错误、解释错误三个程序加强母语和目的语之间的对比分析, 培养学生用英语思维的习惯, 对重点句型、时态、语态等重大语言现象反复操练, 对学生大脑不断进行强化刺激, 是克服汉语句子干扰的有效手段。

3.3“汉译英”单句翻译教学中教师应强化学生的技能意识。

教学中教师不可能面面俱到地教会学生一切技能, 重要的是授之以渔, 而不仅仅是授之以鱼, 强化学生的技能意识, 鼓励、督促学生多接触、多尝试、多操练英语词汇单句翻译, 积极思考与探索, 才能做到举一反三, 得心应手。

通过“汉译英”单句翻译, 不仅促进了学生对英语语法和句型结构的理解和把握, 而且促进了学生对英语词汇的广度的拓展和深度的掌握, 词汇应用能力明显增强。

词汇是英语学习的三要素之一, 是英语学习的基础。只有掌握了词汇, 才能顺利地进行听说读写。但是, 对词汇的掌握不能仅仅停留在对词的记忆和理解上, 还要加强对词的输出, 因为“理解一个词与输出一个词是不同的过程, 输出是一个更为积极、复杂因而也更为困难的过程” (束定芳, 庄智象, 2002) 。“汉译英”单句翻译练习给词汇输出训练搭建了一个良好的平台, 高职院校的教师和学生应充分利用这样一个平台, 努力培养学生的词汇应用能力, 进而达到提高学生的英语语言综合能力的目的。

参考文献

[1]聂龙.进一步加强词汇教学[J].外语界, 2001

篇9：历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英

【关键词】翻译教学体系 翻译策略 语义翻译及交际翻译

一、研究背景

教育部在2007年颁布的修订版《大学英语课程教学要求》中，从三个层次对非英语专业学生的翻译能力提出了要求：一般要求为“能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译……译文基本准确，无重大的理解和语言表达错误”；较高要求为“……译文通顺达意，理解和语言表达错误较少。能使用适当的翻译技巧”；更高要求为：“能借助词典翻译所学专业的文献资料……能翻译介绍中国国情或文化的文章。”

二、理论背景

翻译策略的定义及类别。Wilss指出，翻译策略“是指译者在把源语文本转换为目标语文本时采纳的步骤”。Jaaskelainen曾指出，翻译策略是译者在翻译实践中，自认为要达到的既定目标的最佳方法。翻译策略的研究离不开翻译研究学派的发展，每个学派都有区别于别的学派的翻译策略。方梦之根据历史形成、理论渊源和实践指向把翻译策略分为三类：传统型翻译策略、理论型翻译策略（含语言学派策略、文化学派策略、目的论策略）和实践型翻译策略。其中传统型翻译策略指直译、意译和音译；语言学派策略包括纽马克的交际翻译、语义翻译，以及语用翻译法；文化学派策略则包含改写、归化、异化、阻抗、创译、文化移植、同化等翻译策略；目的论翻译策略包含纪实性翻译与工具性翻译、显性翻译和隐性翻译；实践型翻译策略则含有解释性翻译、深度翻译等。

三、研究方法与目的

本研究使用的翻译文本为第三版《新视野大学英语读写教程2》第三单元课后汉译英翻译练习，使用批改网收集译文，并参考其依据参考译文自动打分的结果对译文按分数从高至低排序编号。本次最高分为86.4分，最低分为65.5分。第三版《读写教程》于2015年付印使用，改变了第二版《读写教程》课后单句翻译练习的形式，采用了大学英语四级汉译英考试题型，即段落翻译的形式，内容多为丝绸之路、书法、刺绣、孝道等中国特色文化概念，句式多样，适于整体研究学生在段落翻译时采取的各种策略。

参与此次翻译练习的研究对象为本校2015级戏剧影视文学、工商管理、人力资源管理专业非英语专业学生，共134人提交了译文，去除重复，共计125份有效译文。

本次研究在于通过学生真实翻译练习案例考察学生在未接受系统翻译学知识的前提下自发采取的各种翻译方法，并基于此考察大学英语翻译教学中可以重点关注的翻译理念与方法，进而提升非英语专业学生的汉译英能力，同时也为我校后续高级英语阅读与翻译课程的开设提供实证支撑。

四、翻译策略分析

1.合译与增译。源文本第一句为：“孝道（filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（code of ethics）。”本句为段首，使用了总结性语言，概括了“孝道”的特征。在句法上直接对应英文的主-系-表句型，所以大部分同学（93.6 %）采取了语义翻译的方式，即译文保留原文语序，如“3. Filial piety is essential code of ethics of Chinese ancient society.”。参考译文也是采取了此种翻译模式，即“Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society”。值得注意的是，参考批改网自动打分系统的结果，本次高分段（高分段：82.5-86.5）译文在翻译本句时有明显的句型调整，体现了交际翻译的特点。125份译文中有5份译文将原文第一句与第二句合并翻译，分别采取了同位语从句、分词与介词短语作状语的形式。此外另有3份译文使用了主语从句与强调句型的形式，是增译法的体现。

2.主动与被动的调整。原文第二句为中文里常见的把字句，暗含主动与被动关系，既可以理解为“中国人把孝道视为”，也可以理解为“孝道被中国人视为”。两种理解方式可以体现在学生的译文中。经统计，排除句法错误严重的三份译文之后，余下的122份译文中，仅有11份译文（9%）将原文第二句译为被动句，即将“孝道”作为句子主语处理。而这11份译文里，9份译文是因为处于复合句中，为了与前句主语一致而进行的句法调整，权且称之为被动性句法调整；仅有2份明显体现出译者的参与，即将第二句的主语特意调整为“孝道”，而非原文中的“中国人”，权且称之为主动性句法调整。此外111份（91%）译文保留了原文语序，采取了语义翻译模式。

五、总结

本文对1，2份段落汉译英文本进行了详细分析，考察了非英语专业大学生在翻译过程中的翻译策略选择倾向。分析发现，大部分学生在翻译时主要采取了语义翻译模式，尤其是在处理汉语中含有明显的主被动关系的把字句及含因果关系、并列关系的句子时，皆有60%以上的同学使用语义翻译模式，仅在翻译汉语长定语时，大部分同学的译文体现出交际翻译方法。此外，不足10%的大学生采取了增译、合译、主被动转换等技巧。虽然语义翻译及交际翻译的优劣无法直接进行对比，但是大部分学生在翻译时均偏向语义翻译模式体现了大学英语翻译教学中对翻译理论、策略、技巧等知识的忽视。而面对非英语专业大学生这个庞大的群体，翻译能力的培养也是不容忽视的问题，所以在未来提升大学生翻译能力这一关键性英语应用能力时，对其进行系统的翻译知识教学是不可或缺的一个关键环节。

参考文献：

篇10：历年考研英语翻译真题2

(31)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.(35)Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.2003年英译汉试题

(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.2004年英译汉试题

(41)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(42)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(43)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1

(44)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.(45)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.2005年英译汉试题

(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed--and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(47)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.(49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice

(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”

2006年英译汉试题

(51)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.(52)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.(53)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.(54)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.(55)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.2007年英译汉试题

(56)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.(57)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.(58)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.(59)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.(60)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.2008年英译汉试题

(61)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.(62)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(63)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.(64)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

(65)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年英译汉试题

(66)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(67)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(68)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(69)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(70)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of education--that of direct tuition or schooling.2010年英译汉试题

(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.2011年英译汉试题

(76)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature

(77)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

(78)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.(80)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46.yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。

【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求

47.A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。

【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。

48.The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。

【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。

无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在，要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。

49.most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。

【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消

50.It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。