谚语类作文写作模式及其常用句型

2024-05-07

谚语类作文写作模式及其常用句型(共12篇)

篇1:谚语类作文写作模式及其常用句型

书信类作文写作模式及其常用句型

书信可分为私人信件和事务信函。私人信件的格式和语气比较随便,而事务信函则正式得多,它的措辞不仅要求更有礼貌,而且要求更加注意用词的准确和行文的简洁。

事务信函的的三点基本要求:

1.简明。书信的语言贵在于精,考生应力求用最简洁的语言表达尽可能丰富的内容。

2.清晰。由于收信人不在自己身边,如果不将信件内容写清楚,收信人就会看不明白,甚至可能发生误会。所以写信时必须考虑好先写什么,后写什么,用简洁的语言把要写的内容叙述清楚

3.礼貌。写信时要注意语言得体,无论是给谁写信都必须措辞诚恳、平实、礼貌,不能虚浮夸张。

I.书信的格式

January 6th, 2007

Dear ,Best wishes / regards!

Yours sincerely,Li Ming

Chairman of the Student Union

注意:可使用的一些称呼:

Dear Sir or Madam,To whom it may concern,My dear friends,Dear Mr.President,Dear Editor,Dear Manager,Dear Mary,II.询问信的模式及其常用句型

e.g.你希望进入一所国外著名大学学习,请写一封询问信,信的内容包括:

1.询问申请资格并简单介绍自己的情况;

2.询问学习费用;

3.询问住宿情况。

1.第一段:进行自我介绍,表明想询问一些事情。

a.I am very glad to avail myself of the chance to recommend myself to you.I am a student in1

and I am preparing to do some research on.b.I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with some essential information.c.I am, and the questions I need to be answered are listed below.2.第二段:询问具体的一些事情。为了使自己的询问内容一目了然,注意多用一些表示先后的连词,如first, second, third等。

3.结尾:真诚地表示感谢。

a.Thank you for reading my letter.I am looking forward to your kind and early reply.b.Your answer will contribute to my paper.c.I appreciate your help if you could let me know by February 12th.d.I would be most grateful if I could hear from you soon.III.求职信的模式及其常用句型

e.g.假设你看到了一个公司招聘文秘的广告,请写信给该公司表达强烈的应聘愿望,并介绍一下自

己的背景材料(如学历、专业、特长、爱好等)。

1.第一段:先说明你从某个媒介看到了该公司的广告,然后明确陈述你想应聘这个职位。

a.I learned from Beijing Youth Daily that your company is offering a position for a secretary, and it’s a great pleasure for me to write to explore the possibility of applying for the job.b.Your advertisement in Beijing Youth Daily is offering a most tempting job to a young man just out of college.I cannot think of a better job I would like than a programmer for a famous company like yours.I look upon it as a wonderful opportunity.c.I am writing you this letter to show my keen interest in the post of assistant manager which you advertised in China Daily for, as is indicated in the enclosed resume, my major and experiences closely parallel your requirement.2.第二段:说明你为什么认为自己符合对方的招聘条件。

a.Here is what I can offer you in the return: I am 22 years old, a hard working student who majors in computer science and will graduate from Inner Mongolia University this July.b.I can speak English well, and I am capable of programming in several computer languages and can use computer skillfully.c.I have passed CET-6 with high marks.My spoken English is also fluent enough to organize meetings in English.d.I have always been a top student in my specialized area, biochemistry.e.Another point I want to draw your attention to is that I have been taking an active part in a variety

of campus activities.f.Perhaps you will agree that these qualities plus enthusiasm, persistence, and the willingness to work hard make me acceptable for the job you offer.I believe I would do more and better for you.g.I believe my experience will qualify me for the current vacancy in your company.3.第三段:说明信中所附的材料内容,并表达自己的期望。

a.I enclose herein my resume and some relevant documents as required.I appreciate your sincere consideration of me, and I am looking forward to an early interview with you.b.I enclose a letter of recommendation from Professor Wang, and a self-addressed card, in hoping you will use it tell me when to come for an interview.I look forward to hearing from you.IV.投诉信的模式及其常用句型

e.g.假设你是李明,你就最近参加的一个旅游团向旅行社投诉,内容可涉及导游服务、酒店饭菜的质量、住宿环境等,并在最后提出赔偿要求。

1.第一段:先开门见山表明自己要投诉,然后说明自己投诉的内容。

a.I am writing to complain about my recent holiday trip in Qinghai which was organized by your

company.b.I am writing to inform you of my unhappy experience lately.c.I am Li Ming, a junior student from the Department of Electronics.I am sorry to occupy your precious time, but I really want to talk about the school library.2.第二段:反映问题,实事求是地叙述自己曾经遭到的不公平待遇、某些问题给自己带来的不便。注意语气要坚决,但是措辞要礼貌。

3.第三段:提出合理的解决方案。

a.We claim a refund of 500 RMB because the service was not up to the promised standard.b.Up until now, I have been thinking of this happening, I believe that it is more than necessary for the whole tertiary industry to improve the service quality.c.To resolve my problem, I think you should.d.I am sure you will understand my situation and agree that the only solution for me is to.4.第四段:表达希望及致意。

a.Thank you for reading my letter.b.I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.c.I would be grateful if you could solve my problem as soon as possible.d.I hope you can help to put an end to this situation and restore our confidence in our university library.V.表扬信 / 感谢信的模式及其常用句型

e.g.In Honor of Teachers on the Occasion of Teacher’s Day

1.向老师致以节日祝贺;

2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献;

3.我如何回报老师的关爱

1.第一段:表达感谢。

a.As is known to all, September 10th is a special occasion, on which, we, students can express our sincere gratitude to our respectable teachers.b.I would like to extend my thanks to sb.for doing sth.2.第二段:根据提纲要求,叙述事情的缘由和经过。

3.结尾段:再次表示感谢,和开头段呼应,但要注意不能使用重复的语言。

a.I will never forget those who have dedicated all their efforts to help me.Working even harder and making my due contribution, I think, will be most rewarding to my teachers.b.Thanks again for helping me do sth.I believe that if everyone contributes a little, the world will turn into a heaven.VI.导游词 / 欢迎信的模式及其常用句型

e.g.1.A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

Your role: a tour guide

Your audience: a group of foreign tourists

Your introduction should include:

·some welcoming words;

·the schedule for the day;

·a description of the place the tourists will be visting(e.g.a scenic spot or a historic site)

You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangement for the day clear to everybody.2.Suppose you are Li Ming.Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours, who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday.·表示欢迎;

·提出对度假安排的建议;

·提醒应注意的事项。

1.第一段:表示欢迎(导游还需进行自我介绍)

a.Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to introduce myself.I am a tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s my great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day.Just as the old saying says, “It’s always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this trip.b.I am delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the weeklong vacation.My parents

will also be happy to see you again, and I am sure you will enjoy yourself here.2.第二段:介绍行程或度假的安排(注意层次,多使用first,second,third之类的词没什么坏

处)

3.第三段:介绍具体的景点特点或相关历史、提醒应注意的事项

4.结尾段:再次表示欢迎

a.Above is my introduction to the Great Wall.If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.b.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.VII.写给编辑或其他重要人物的信

Eg.1.给联合国秘书长Ban Ki-Moon写信,阐述你对世界和平现状的看法和展望,以及对联合国发

挥更大作用的期待。

2.假设你是Bob Smith,你从报上读到一则关于一个美国收银员因为不会笔算(written

calculations),在收银机坏了的时候拒绝收银的新闻,请就这件事给报社编辑写一封信,并阐述自己的看法。

常用的句型:

a.I am a college student from China, majoring in International Politics.I am honored to write to you to express my view on world peace.b.I’ve read in the latest issue of your newspaper a story about an American cashier who can’t do written calculations.It says that.c.I’ve read your editorial “” and I quite agree with the writer’s views.d.I have been reading your newspaper for many years with a great enthusiasm and interest, but your recent articles and editorials on the filled me with the deepest disappointment.e.Generally I go along with your ideas, but your editorial “ was shocking.f.Your editorial writer’s criticism of thesuggests a serious lack of understanding of why.范文一篇:

Oct.15th, 2007

Dear Mr.Ban Ki-Moon,I am a college student from China, majoring in International Politics.I am honored to write to you to express my view on world peace.In this ever-changing society, peace and development are the two main permanent themes.People from around the world cherish a peaceful co-existence.However, we regret to find that the world peace is in a worsening situation.Regional conflicts, miniature wars, aggressive wars and ethnic cleansing are nothing new, if not everyday occurrences.These conflicts are destroying people’s faith in peace for economic or nationalistic reasons.If this undesirable trend could not be reversed, our global village, in my view, would be ruined sooner or later.The United Nations, which is an international body coordinating a wide range of affairs, should take a

leading role in bringing us a peaceful planet.I hope the UN, under your guidance, could do more to make our common dream — world peace — come true in the not too distant future.Best wishes!

Respectfully yours,Li Ming

作业:

1.A Letter of Application

假设你是李明,即将大学毕业,从China Daily上得知中国四达国际经济技术合作公司(CSCIETC)要招聘文秘一员,要求如下:

·年龄20-30岁,大专以上学历;

·流利的英语听说读写能力;

·熟练的计算机操作能力。

请写一封求职信,应聘该职位。

2.A Letter to a Schoolmate

假设你是李明,你的朋友小王要到你所在的城市旅游一周,请给他写一封信,信的内容应包括以下内容:

• 1.表示欢迎

• 2.提出对度假安排的建议

• 3.提醒应注意的事项

可参考的一些句型:

--I am very happy to receive your letter and hear that you are going to.--I advise you to make some preparations before you come.Remember to take your identity card and.--I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a good journey

篇2:谚语类作文写作模式及其常用句型

一、写作格式

1、称呼(1)机构

A、不认识负责人

Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir / Madam,To whom it may concern,B、认识负责人

Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor(Michael)Wang,(2)个人 A、关系不亲密

Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor Wang,B、关系亲密 Dear Michael,2、正文

3、落款(1)祝福语

Best wishes!/ The best regards!(2)签名

Yours sincerely,Li Ming

二、必用信息 常用的开头语有:

I have received your letter of July Ist.7月1 日来信已经收悉。I have the pleasure to tell you that „„.很高兴告诉你„„。

I am very much delighted to receive your letter.非常高兴收到你的来信。It is my honor to inform you that „„很荣幸告诉你„„。常用的结束套话有:

I am looking forward to hearing from you 盼早日回信。Wish best regards.祝好。

Thank you for your help 感谢你的帮助!

Wish my best wishes for your success.祝你成功。Wish you a happy holiday.祝假日愉快!

Hoping to hear from you soon.希望能尽快收到你的回信。

1、自我介绍(1)工作

I am a staff member from your company/corporation.(2)学生

I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.2、写作目的

I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.3、尾段写法

A 表示感谢

(1)My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.(2)Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.(3)I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.B 期待回信

(1)I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.(2)I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.(3)Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.4、常用书信的客套语 一.问候

I haven’t heard from you for ages.How are you doing? I haven’t seen you for such a long time.How are you getting along with your work? 二.祝贺

I want to congratulate you with all my heart.I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved.三.致谢

I am most grateful to you for your help.I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.四.询问

I wonder if you could tell me what to do.I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.Please could you let me know something about it.五.邀请

Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home? We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.六.接受邀请

I’m delighted to accept your invitation.Thanks for your invitation.I’m certainly looking forward to joining you.七.拒绝邀请

I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.I regret to say “no” to your invitation.Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately„ 八.抱歉

I do apologize for having kept you waiting.I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble.九.同情

I’m more than sorry to hear of your illness.I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of„ 十.安慰

It was a great shock to hear„

篇3:谚语类作文写作模式及其常用句型

关键词:对外汉语写作课 语类 教学模式

一、引言

写作教学一直是对外汉语教学的难点之一。一方面教师难教,大多数留学生虽然在课堂教学中能较好地完成各种写作任务,但是一旦进入到自由写作状态就会出现语句前后脱节、话语游离主题、表达背离语境等问题;另一方面学生难学,学生在自由写作中感到无所适从,无法将课堂中学到的写作知识与方法运用到个人写作中,缺少学习获得感,久而久之便丧失了写作的积极性。因此,采用何种教学模式与方法在课堂教学中提高教学效率成为目前对外汉语写作课亟待解决的问题。

对语类理论的深入研究始于20世紀80年代,其中比较有代表性的人物有Halliday、Miller、Hasan、Martin和Swale等。这些学者分属于不同的学派,对语类的定义与阐释也不尽相同。比如:Bazerman把语类看作是一种有明确交际目的的社会行为;Martin强调语类的步骤性、目的性与过程性;Swale则将语类看成是一组社会言语交际事件,认为交际目的是区分不同语类的重要标准。虽然各个学派对语类的界定有所差异,基本观点也不尽相同,但是各派的目标都是描写和解释语言交际的目的、形式以及语类作为一种有目的的社会行为其内在的运作规律;都强调社会文化与语言之间的互动关系;都强调语境的功能与话语的动态性特征。语类理论的这一思想对对外汉语写作课教学模式的改进极具参考价值。鉴于此,本文在前人研究的基础上,以语类理论为框架,尝试构建对外汉语写作课的语类教学模式。

二、基于语类理论的写作教学模式

(一)设计原则

1.简明性原则。理论模型的设计不追求教学细节的面面俱到,而是在提取写作课核心教学要素的基础上,结合语类理论来构建简明、实用、具有一定概括性的教学理论框架。简明性原则除了有助于模型的简化之外,也有利于教师在课堂教学实际中,根据教学对象的具体情况以及教学实际对教学模型进行合理的调整。比如,增删教学内容、调整教学步骤与环节等。

2.实践性原则。基于语类理论的对外汉语写作教学模型需从对外汉语教学的实际情况出发进行设计。虽然目前以语类、语域理论为框架的针对写作课教学模式的探索较多,尤其是在英语作为二语教学这一领域,但是这些研究成果的适用对象与对外汉语教学存在很多的不同。因此,已有的研究成果,我们只能借鉴而不能照搬。

3.操作性原则。所谓操作性原则是指教学模型的设计必须具有可操作性。模型的设计必须具有清晰的流程与完备的环节。在比较理想的教学状态下,一线的对外汉语教师可以在课堂教学中依据教学模型进行操作和实施;在教学对象复杂、教学状态不太理想的状态下,一线教师亦可根据模型的总体教学流程与思路进行合理的调整。即在实际教学过程中,将模型的抽象性、严整性与灵活性、可操作性紧密结合。

(二)教学模型

1.对外汉语语类写作教学模型

图1:基于语类理论的对外汉语写作教学模型

基于语类理论的对外汉语写作教学模型包含课前准备和课堂教学两大模块。

课前准备模块:该环节需要在课前完成,需要根据已有的研究成果完成汉语篇章语类的类型划分与篇章语类、语域特征的提取。

课堂教学模块:该模块由“语类解构”“模仿分析”“共建文本”“独创文本”“反馈分析”五个部分组成。下面依次介绍这五个环节:

语类解构:教师通过分析范文,解构特定语类的结构与语域特征。

模仿分析:教师指导学生解构范例语篇的语类和语域,学生独立解构特定的语篇并通过训练掌握特定语类的特征。

共建文本:师生共建特定语类的书面文本;通过共建文本使学生熟悉特定语类文本的构建特点与技巧。

独创文本:学生依靠掌握的语类、语域知识,调动心理词库与语法知识,独立构建文本。

反馈分析:教师审阅学生完成的作文,反馈问题;评析学生创作的文本;回顾构建技巧,修订文本。

2.教学案例

下面以叙事性语类教学为例,对整个教学过程进行说明。

语类解构。教师通过发生在学生身边令其印象深刻的小事情,引入所学习的语类。学生阅读范文《记一件印象深刻的事(之一)》回答问题,并在教师的引导下剖析该事件的语类要素:事件发生的场景、时间、参与者以及事件的开始、发展和结束(语场);事件传达使用的媒介(语式);交流对象(语旨)。

模仿分析。教师给出新的范文《记一件印象深刻的事(之二)》,请学生根据所学的语类知识独立分析出新范文的语类要素并说明其在事件叙述中的作用。

共建文本。教师提供语类要素,指导学生创建文本。下面是学生H创作的文本:

印象深刻的一件事

上个星期六下午,我跟一些朋友一起去吃印尼菜。在广州我只知道两个印尼餐厅,一个是在北京路,一个是在动物园站。虽然那天有下雨,但是我们一起动物园站的印尼餐厅。到餐厅的时候,我们点了一些辣的菜,也点了一些不辣的菜,因为有一些朋友不会吃辣的。虽然他们第一次吃印尼菜,但是他们说印尼菜很好吃。

学生围绕自己的文本讨论以下四个问题:第一,自己创作的文本说了一件什么事情?第二,事情发生的时间、地点、参与者以及事件的起因、经过、结果分别是什么?该段话的表达对象是谁?表达中使用的这些语法、词语是否合适?是否存在错误?以学生H的创作为例,其叙事性文本的时间、地点、人物阐述得较为清晰,但是未交代事件的起因,结束也很仓促。虽然是书面作文,但是文中使用的一些词语与句式带有明显的口语化成分。语法也存在很多错误,例如“有下雨”“我们一起动物园站的印尼餐厅”等。总的来说,学生已经基本掌握了叙事性语类的写作特点,但在文本创建中还存在诸多缺陷,其文本的流畅度与书面化需要进一步提升。

獨创文本。在完成“共建文本”的基础上,教师给出新的话题“难忘的旅行”,学生依据话题自由创作。新话题的语类潜势与之前的相同,差异之处仅仅在于其“语场”要素发生了改变。

反馈分析。教师对学生自由创作的文本进行点评,进一步分析总结叙事类文本的写作方法与技巧,夯实学生的写作技能。下面是学生L创作的文本。

难忘的旅行

今年一月七日,我跟朋友一起去了北京,上午十一点半我们到了北京首都国际机场。之后,我们坐地铁到崇文门站,因为我们的酒店是在崇文门附近。吃完午饭后,下午我们马上去天安门广场。晚上我们一起去王府井小吃街。在那边,我买了一串炸蝎子,味道很好,就是太贵了,25元一串。那天我们玩得都很高兴,至今让我难忘。

学生L的作文将“语场”交代得比较清楚,与学生H相比较,学生L对事件的起因、结果阐释得更加清晰。虽然文本仍然存在口语化倾向,但是内容前后较为连贯,事件的发展脉络也较为清晰。文本的不足之处在于:文本表达存在语法错误,尤其是“了”的使用;受制于语言能力,故事情节的叙述过于简单。这些缺陷需要学生在汉语学习中通过不断积累和训练语言表达能力来弥补。

三、教学实验

(一)研究设计

1.实验对象

课堂教学的实验对象为中级班外国留学生。实验共分为两个组:一是控制组,10人;二是实验组,10人。为了减少变量带来的影响,两个组使用同一教材,教授内容与课时相同,并努力做到教学环境的一致。

2.实验方法

前期调查主要采用实验对比法:前测实验,主要是在正式的教学实验开始之前,对控制组与实验组被试的写作水平进行测试;后测实验,在教学实验之后对控制组与实验组的被试进行测验。从前后成绩的对比与变化幅度中观察语类教学的效度。

后期研究主要采用问卷调查与个体访谈的方法。通过问卷与访谈调查学生对语类写作教学法的态度与建议。

3.实验步骤

步骤一:筛选班级,建立教学实验控制组和实验组。

步骤二:前测实验,对控制组和实验组的被试进行前测,获取前测数据。

步骤三:写作教学与后测,获取相关数据(教学8周,测试1周)。

步骤四:调查问卷与个体访谈数据的获取。

步骤五:实验数据分析,教学模型修订。

4.测量工具

使用Spss18对本研究中的相关数据进行分析和测量。

(二)实验过程与讨论

1.过程与结果

控制组与实验组前测(pre-test)。两组使用相同的写作考试试卷。按照HSK写作评分标准进行评分,满分100分。前测结果如下:控制组平均分为81.2,实验组平均分为82.7,实验组水平略高于控制组,但不存在显著差异。

控制组与实验组后测(post-test)。教学8周以后,对实验组和控制组的写作水平进行了后测。表1是测验的结果。

从表1的组间描述统计量来看,经过8周的学习以后,控制组和实验组的平均成绩较前测均有了一定程度的提高。其中,控制组平均成绩提高了2.4分;实验组的成绩提升更加明显,平均分提高了4.2分。独立样本T检验结果:P=0.016<0.05。控制组与实验组之间存在显著性差异。这表明基于语类理论的写作模式对留学生写作能力的提升有着积极的促进作用。

问卷调查与个体访谈。为了进一步验证基于语类理论的写作教学模式的教学效度,我们在前测与后测结束之后,设计了调查问卷,从学习者的角度入手调查了他们对语类写作教学模式的态度。同时,选择了实验组中的4位留学生进行了访谈。问卷调查与个体访谈的结果显示:前测中留学生的语篇创建存在忽视篇章宏观结构与句间语义关联、词库储备不足以及无法准确表达话语意图等问题;后测调查显示,在经过8周的语类写作教学训练之后,实验组留学生的篇章结构建构与语篇衔接能力均有了较为明显的提高。

2.讨论

通过教学对比实验,我们发现与传统的以话题为导向的写作模式相比较,基于语类的留学生写作教学模式有其独特的优势。具体来说:

有助于培养留学生文本创作中的语类意识。语类教学法的显著优势之一就是采用范文分析与文本共建的方式引导学生把握语篇的语类结构潜势,使学生潜移默化地建立起篇章的语类意识。在课堂教学实验中,我们发现在经过8周的语类写作教学之后,大多数学生的语类意识有了明显的提升,这种提升不仅表现在文本构建中学生会自觉根据话题类型进行语类识别,更表现在他们会根据语场、语旨、语式的变化调整自己的语篇表达,以适应篇章的社会、文化与交际语境。

有助于提升留学生的篇章宏观结构构建能力。篇章宏观结构是在篇章高层次信息单元之间构建起的一种语义关系网络,是语篇构建的核心要素之一。在以往写作教学中,我们经常会发现一种现象:许多单句表达能力甚至超句表达能力较强的留学生写成的作文,往往并不契合本族语者的篇章图式,甚至会出现宏观建构要素缺失的现象。比如留学生会在叙事性文本的创作中缺漏故事的起因、经过或结果。从实验结果来看,语类写作教学法对克服此类现象有积极的作用:语类写作教学关注对学生语类意识的培养,使学生可以在较短的时间内建构起对篇章核心构成要素以及宏观模型的认知,把握某一类语篇的创作框架,从而创作出较为贴近目标语的语篇。

有助于提高留学生书面表达的流利度。流利度是评价书面表达能力的重要标准之一。通过对实验组留学生作文的分析,我们发现其篇章的连贯性、语义成分的前后关联度以及篇章信息模块间的契合度等较控制组的进步更加明显。这一变化可以说明:语类写作教学法更容易提升学生的篇章语义结构分析能力,使创作者在文本创作中能迅速地建构起表达框架,正确使用各种篇章衔接语,从而使成段表达变得更加流畅、自然。

四、结语

本研究的主要目的是构建并验证基于语类理论的语类写作教学模式。小规模的课堂教学对比实验证明:该模式在训练学生文本构建的语类意识、提升留学生的篇章宏观信息结构构建能力以及篇章流畅度等方面有其独特的优势。鉴于语类写作教学法的上述优点,一线教师可以在汉语教学过程中,根据教学对象的实际情况与教学实践的具体形态选择性地引入语类要素,以提升学生的篇章建构能力。

(本文是广州市教育科学“十二五”规划青年课题“语类理论视阈下的对外汉语篇章教学模式研究”[项目编号:2013A069];广州大学2016年度教育教学研究立项项目“基于数字化微格教学的汉语国际教育专业类课程教学模式改革与实践”[项目编号:JY2016050];广州大学人文社科学术团队项目“广州语言生态多样性研究”[项目编号:201601XSTD]的阶段性成果。)

参考文献:

[1]陈莉萍.语类研究及对我国外语教学的启示[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,(1).

[2]金怡.基于语类的听力预测策略的实证研究[J].皖西学院学报,2014,(4).

[3]李静.基于提高学生语类分析能力的英语写作课程教学模式探究[J].洛阳理工学院学报(社会科学版),2012,(6).

[4]李燕飞.语类研究对英语写作的启示[J].东岳论丛,2007,(6).

[5]马玉蕾.马丁基于语类理论的写作教学框架[J].当代外语研究,2010,(10).

[6]曾永健.语类分析在英语专业综合英语教学中的应用研究[J].黑龙江教育学院学报,2014,(7).

[7]张德禄.语类研究理论框架探索[J].外语教学与研究,2002,(5).

[8]张清东,陈研.语类结构潜势与大学英语写作教学[J].长春大学学报,2010,(2).

篇4:雅思G类写作常用词汇句型

a solid theory foundation坚实的理论基础

advertisement广告

all-round全面的

an intimate knowledge of熟练的知识

applicant申请人

apply for申请

be available for an interview可以参加面试

be qualified for有资格

character/personality性格,个性

contact number联系电话

competent有能力的

diploma毕业证

expected salary期望得到的薪水

graduate (from)毕业

have a good command of对掌握熟练

interpersonal skills人际关系的技巧

meet the requirements满足要求

practical experience实践经验

qualification资格

vacancy空缺

篇5:雅思G类写作常用词汇句型

词汇:

apologize to sb. for sth. 因为...向某人道歉

awfully 非常

behavior 行为

excuse 借口

failure 失败

fault 错误

forgive 原谅

ignorant 无知的

inconsiderateness 不顾及他人

inconvenience 不方便

make an apology 道歉

make up for it 弥补

misunderstanding 误解

negligent 疏忽的

offend 冒犯

overlook 忽略

regret后悔

remedy 补救

remove 消除

shoulder the responsibility 承担责任

篇6:谚语类作文写作模式及其常用句型

一、Complaint Letter 抱怨投诉信

词汇:

complain against sb.about sth.投诉......dissatisfaction with不满于......put up with / bear / tolerate忍受

awful 糟糕的

poor service糟糕的服务

inconceivable不可思议的

out of one’s expectation令某人大失所望

look into / go into / investigate调查

incident / matter 事件

sanitary situation卫生条件

bad manners 不礼貌

disturbance干扰

nuisance 麻烦事

remedy 补救

solve解决

recurrence再次发生

句型:

篇7:初中英语作文写作常用句型

形容词/副词+enough+to do …——足够……做某事

例如:(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会.

(2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子.

注意点:

篇8:初中英语作文写作常用句型

例如:(1)Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作,你就会过上幸福生活.

(2)Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了.

注意点:

篇9:初中英语作文写作常用句型

(2)Read the book carefully,will you?认真读书,好吗?

注意点:在这两个初中英语作文写作常用句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will you构成反意疑问句.在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall we,但若是let us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will you.

篇10:初中英语作文写作常用句型

(2)Let’s do …让我们干某事吧.

(3)Shall we do …?我们干某事好吗?

(4)Would you like something/to do sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?

(5)Will you please do …?请你干某事好吗?

(6)What (How) about doing…?干某事怎么样?

例如:(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Let’s go.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧!

(2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, let’s go to the zoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧.

(3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?

(4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了!

篇11:英语写作指导:英语作文常用句型

1. In general, I don’t agree with

2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。

3. The chief reason why… is that…

4.There is no true that…

5. It is not true that…

6. It can be easily denied than…

7. We have no reason to believe that…

8. What is more serious is that…

9. But it is pity that…

10. Besides, we should not neglect that…

11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…

12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…

13. Perhaps I was question why…

14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…

15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but

16. What seems to be the trouble is…

17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…

18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…

19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…

20. What these people fail to consider is that…

21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …

22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。

23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。

篇12:考研英语作文之常用写作句型套路

考研英语作文模板之常用的写作句型套路,本文为您提供2014考研英语作文模板中关于考研写作词汇、考研英语作文万能句的内容。

一、热点词汇

welfare n。福利、幸福 security n。安全 punishment n。惩罚 dishonest adj。不诚实的

goal n。目的、目标 benefit: n。利益,好处 viewpoint: n。观点 quality: n。质量、品质

healthy development: n。健康成长 population explosion: n。人口爆炸 utilize: vt。利用

traditional virtue: n。传统美德 competition: n。竞争knowledge: n。知识 skill: n。技能

advantage: n。优势 cooperation: n。合作 sympathy: n。同情 false: adj。错误的、虚假的

attract: vt。。吸引 influence: n。影响 impact: n. 影响 technology: n。技术 education: n。教育 experience: n。经验 fund: n。资金 blueprint: n。蓝图、计划 purpose: n。目的、意图resource: n。资源 environment:n。环境 wildlife:n。野生动植物

appearance: n。外表

inner quality: n。内在品质 material wealth: n。物质财富 moral standards: n。道德标准

behavior: n。行为 responsibility: n。责任 privacy: n。隐私 equipment: n。设备

foothold: n。立足处 difficulty: n。困难 challenge: n。挑战 psychological: adj。心理上的

defeat: n。失败 victory: n。胜利 courage: n。勇气 determination: n。决心

persistence: n。坚持 effort: n。努 confidence: n。自信 fake and inferior: n。假冒伪略产品

misconception: n。误解 nourishment: n。营养品 pressure: n。压力 diligent: n。勤勉的`

二、热点句型

1.If you want to achieve something orintend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, exert efforts andget prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when theycome to visit you。

如果你想取得成就或实现你的雄心壮志,就必须努力工作,艰苦奋斗,作好准备。负责,即使机遇来临你也无法利用。

2.Today an increasing number of people haverealized that legal education is of great importance. In order to keep publicorder,everyone of us is supposed to get legal education。

现在,愈来愈多的人认识到了法制教育的重要性。为了维护公共秩序,我们每个人都应接受法制教育。

3.Many things contribute to success.Of allthese factors, willpower, courage, and confidence are the most important。

能否获得成功取决于许多因素,最重要的是坚强的意志、勇气和自信。

4.The latest surveys show that quite a fewchildren have unpleasant associations with homework。

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

5.To survive and succeed in the 21stcentury, the cross-century talents should have good education backgrounds. 要在21世纪里不被淘汰且有所成就,垮世纪人才应该是受过良好教育的人。

6. Computers are playing a very importantrole in our life. With the help of computers, workers can produce more products,scientists can do research work more efficiently, and students can getinformation more quickly。

计算机在我们生活的各个方面都起着重要作用。有了计算机的帮助,工人可以生产更多的产品,科学家可以更高效地做研究,学生可以更快的查到信息。

7.An investigation shows that femaleworkers tend to have favorable attitude toward retirement。

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

8.At the same time, young people should beencouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonalskills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents andare essential in maintenance of healthy mental condition。

同时,应鼓励年轻人和他们的同龄人交往,发展他们的交际能力,这将帮助他们极大地减少对父母的依赖并且保持健康的精神状态。

9.常用的写作句型套路:

1)定义法

Honesty refers to the quality of a personwho tells the truth and works without cheating. Honesty is regarded as the mostimportant virtue admired everywhere。

诚实指人们讲真话、在工作中不欺诈的品质。诚实被认为是无时无地都受到尊敬的美德。

2)对比法

Those who oppose this phenomenon argue thatit brings a great burden and pressure to the family, and for students theycannot adapt to the new culture very quickly. But people who are in favor ofsuch behavior maintain that children will be more competitive and well repaidin the future life. 反对这一现象的人认为它给家庭带来了巨大的负担和压力,对学生而言他们不能很快地适应新文化。但是赞成这一行为的人认为孩子在未来会更具有竞争力并得到回报。

3)There be 结构

There is no sense in leaving importantdecisions to inexperienced people。

把重要的决定留给没经验的人去做作是毫无道理的。

4)It结构

It is certain that fresh air and exercisesare more valuable than medicine。

毫无疑问的是呼吸新鲜的空气和锻炼比吃药很可贵。

5)表示结果

Too much work and too little rest may leadto loss of heath。

过度工作,极少休息会损害健康。

6)表条件

Without a degree and with no experience inteaching, her chance of getting the job is slim。

没有文凭,没有教学经验,她得到这份工作的机会微乎其微。

10.Millions of people have to spend moretime and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep afavorable position in the job market。

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