辞职类英语作文精华篇（精选4篇）
篇1：辞职类英语作文精华篇
常用英语口语——精华篇
今天凯撒国际英语的小编为大家整理了常用的英语口语，掌握这些英语口语精华你就能够举一反三，自创更多的句子。你的英语口语也会很棒，只要努力，没有什么不可能！加油！
Don’t allow the heart to rule the head.别感情用事。
It’s the ultimate test of mind over matter.这绝对是意志的考验。
Your ability is occult.你简直神了。
I can’t stand weak coffee.咖啡太淡我可受不了。
It’s a labor of love.干这活我心甘情愿。
I smell a rat.我觉得有点不对劲。
I was hypnotized.我被深深地迷住了。
敬请关注凯撒国际英语，教你速学常用英语口语。自信张口说英语，就是这么简单！
篇2：英语说明类语篇衔接机制特点分析
关键词：衔接,说明类语篇,独特的衔接手段,英语学习和教学
一、引言
在日常的英语教与学中, 英语教师应将篇章语言学理论知识引入英语课文教学中, 帮助学生加深对各种语言现象的理解, 加强其语言综合能力的培养。本文以韩礼德和哈桑所提出的衔接理论为基础, 讨论说明类语篇和非结构型衔接手段之间的关系, 找出说明类语篇的衔接机制特点, 使英语学习者更好地理解和写作这类语篇。
二、衔接理论概述
在《英语的衔接》中, 韩礼德和哈桑对衔接作了详细的研究, 认为衔接就是存在于语篇中的意义之间的关系, 是一种语义关系, 总体上把衔接分为两大类:语法衔接和词汇衔接。语法衔接分成指称 (reference) 、替代 (substitution) 、省略 (ellipsis) 以及连接 (conjunction) 及词汇衔接 (lexical cohesion) 。
指称是语篇中的指代成分 (reference item) 与指称或所指对象 (referent) 之间的相互解释关系, 分为人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。
替代是一个词语替代另一个词语或从句, 避免重复, 从而实现语篇衔接。省略相比替代没有替代词语, 因而省略被称为零替代。
连接是通过连接成份体现语篇中各种逻辑关系的手段。连接成份往往是一些过渡性的词语。连接词语表示的关系可分为四类:增补 (additive) , 转折 (adversative) , 原因 (causal) , 和时间 (temporal) 。
词汇衔接指通过词汇选择在篇章中建立一个贯穿篇章的链条, 从而建立篇章的连续性。词汇衔接包括重复、同/反义、上/下义和搭配等。
三、说明类语篇
说明文是对某问题所作系统的阐述或解释的语篇。说明文写作的目的是作者给读者告知、解释、描述或定义所选的主题。这类文章往往解释或探索一些东西, 比如一部机器的制造过程, 一个自然现象或社会现象出现的原因, 一个项目的规划, 或一个问题解决方法等。说明文是在校大学生、科学家及专业人员使用最频繁的语篇类型。
说明文阐述的方法包括例证、过程描述、分类和划分、比较和对比、因果关系的分析, 或者是给出定义。说明文的作者不能假设读者或听众已经知道或理解所讨论的话题, 所以他必须清楚且准确地进行阐述, 而不是使用华丽的辞藻和模棱两可表述。说明文最重要的特点就是要阐述的清楚明白。为了达到语篇结构的严谨, 作者必须在解释说明的时候要将事实和观点以合适的顺序表达出来, 按时间先后顺序或按逻辑顺序, 这要依据所要说明的话题特点而定。
四、描写类语篇中衔接机制的分析
现以2005年大学英语四级考试中的一篇阅读题的部分段落为例进行分析:
…
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses (5) .More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses--flu A, B and C (6) .There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA (7) .
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help (8) .Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for (9) .
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever (10) .On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages (11) .And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms (12) .
…
本文向读者阐述了普通感冒和流感的起因、症状、区别以及治疗方法。通过对文章的分析来看, 第5句中的衔接项有2个, 分别是cold和flu, 与前文中的colds和flu构成词汇衔接。第6句中的7个词汇衔接项为两个名词viruses, 两个名词cause, 名词cold和两个名词flu。第7句中出现6个词汇衔接项, 名词illness, 两个名词flu, 名词fight和专有名词the ALA。第8句中有一个连接衔接项but和一个词汇衔接项flu。第9句和第10句中分别有两个和四个词汇衔接, 分别为名词flu和common cold, 名词cold, symptom, stuffy nose和scratchy throat。第11句中出现一个连接衔接项on the other hand和四个词汇衔接项。第12句中的7个衔接项中有6个词汇衔接, 只一个and为连接衔接。通过对整篇文章进行分析, 统计出词汇衔接有56个, 占86.2%, 指称衔接项有2个, 占3.1%, 连接项有7个, 占10.8%, 没有出现替代和省略。由此可知, 词汇衔接是文中最典型的衔接机制。例如:“…cold and the flu…viruses (5) .…viruses…cold…, …the flu…viruses—flu… (6) .…illness, but the flu…flu.., …the flu, …the ALA (7) .”文章的主题“cold”和“flu”贯穿整篇文章。此外, 与记叙类和描写类语篇相比较, 连接衔接在说明类语篇中的出现比例较高, 而指称衔接使用不多。在解释说明时, 作者主要使用了增补和转折衔接。还有一点值得注意的是, 文中的定冠词the并指代前文中的任何内容, 因此不起衔接作用。
再对其他五篇说明类语篇 (大学英语四级考试阅读题2002年两篇, 2003年一篇和2004年的两篇) 进行同样的分析, 可以得出词汇衔接往往占很大比例, 分别占84.3%, 75.8%, 69.6%, 77.8%和81.0%, 其次是连接衔接, 在其他五篇中比例分别为8.6%, 13.6%, 12.9%, 17.4%和11.1%。指称衔接在其他五篇中除一篇外所占比例都没有连接衔接的比例高。而替代和省略几乎没有出现。
五、结论
结合说明类语篇的特点和对六篇四级阅读题的分析数据我们可以得知, 作者为了使准确而清楚地阐述文章的主题就会用到词汇重复, 从而形成词汇衔接链条。连接衔接也是说明类语篇的一个重要衔接手段, 因为作者需要以一定的时间或逻辑顺序来安排内容。因此, 连接和词汇衔接是说明类语篇衔接的主要途径。
不同类型语篇的衔接特点给读者不仅提供不同类型语篇的组织模式特点, 也提供了一个特殊的写作角度。因此教师在讲解语篇时应培养学生的语篇意识。教师对语篇的讲解应该抛弃传统的以词汇、语法为中心的教学法, 引导学生从篇章入手, 从宏观分析到微观结构。句子之间和段落之间的衔接应该是语篇教学和阅读的重点。让学生了解不同语篇衔接机制的特点, 可以帮助学生正确理解句子和段落之间的层级关系, 及段落之间的逻辑关系, 学会英语语篇结构类型和语言特点, 更好地理解文章写作意图、体裁特点、文章布局技巧和文章的内容。
参考文献
[1]Brown, G., and G.Yule.Discourse Analysis[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.
[2]Halliday&Hasan.Cohesion in English[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[3]胡壮麟.《语篇的衔接与连贯》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1994.
篇3：辞职类英语作文精华篇
2008年各省市高考英语作文题材多种多样，难度适中，基本上都是贴近中学生的话题。无论哪一种题材考生都可以应用较多的语法结构、高级词汇和一些过渡词。如果考生在作文时用词准确、过渡自然、结构紧凑、语法结构合理、语言点齐全、词数达标，那么它就是一篇成功的习作。以下是对2008年各省市高考英语作文精华的几项展示。
1.NMET 2008全国卷ll
【精彩句子赏析】
It should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs，because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.
【句型句式归纳】
It also helps to watch TV and read books，newspapers and magazines in Chinese
whenever possible.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
First ...then ...；besides ...；a Chinese course；your fellow students
2.NMET 2008全国卷I
【精彩句子赏析】
Id like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work，because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.
【句型句式归纳】
Could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday?
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Now；By the way；a panda lover；gave birth to；in advance
3.NMET 2008江苏卷
【精彩句子赏析】
Good listening can always show respect，promote understanding，and improve interpersonal relationship.
Show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile；be open-minded to different opinions even though you dont like them.
【句型句式归纳】
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.
Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children，so they will understand them better，and find it easy to narrow the generation gap.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
So；and；thus；In a word；interpersonal relationship；narrow the generation gap；meet their needs；a supportive silence；a knowing smile.
4.NMET 2008 辽宁卷
【精彩句子赏析】
We should develop a good attitude to life.
Knowledge is power.
【句型句式归纳】
In order to study well，we need to do sports so that we can keep fit.
Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Firstly，secondly；develop a good attitude；consists of；for this goal；enjoy life
5.NMET 2008 四川卷
【精彩句子赏析】
I believe that doing all these small things will improve our environment and help make our world a better place to live in.
【句型句式归纳】
I will not use things like paper cups and disposable chopsticks because they are made of wood.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
For me；For example；wisely；disposable；use both sides of paper
6.NMET 2008陕西卷
【精彩句子赏析】
So I think “Friday New Hour” can broaden our mind and enrich our school life.
I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity.
【句型句式归纳】
Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.
And we should make a choice about what well read.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
But；So；Whats more；As for；broaden our mind；enrich our school life；benefit from
7.NMET 2008湖北卷
【精彩句子赏析】
I was so desperate on hearing that.
It was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.
【句型句式归纳】
...but was told that the model had been sold out.
I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Later；Then；but；Therefore；desperate；consideration；spare parts
8.NMET 2008福建卷
【精彩句子赏析】
The aim of this activity impressed me greatly.
Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
【句型句式归纳】
I think it instructive to learn to live together by living together.
I can improve my English，make more friends，and enrich my life.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Therefore；For one thing，...for another thing；impressed；instructive；outgoing；enrich；recommend.
9.NMET 2008北京卷
【精彩句子赏析】
While we are confident in ourselves，we should recognize strengths in others and show our respect for them.
We were shocked to see litter here and there.
We came up with several choices such as going boating，climbing a mountain，and going to an amusement park.
【句型句式归纳】
I think the compasses are reasonable to be proud because no one else can do the job better.
While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Finally；However；Then；Afterwards；At the same time；So in my opinion；litter；respectively；hard-working；confident；strengths；show our respect for them
10.NMET 2008安徽卷
【精彩句子赏析】
I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our environment.
More and more people in China have realized the advantages of such bags and started using them.
【句型句式归纳】
Im glad that youve noticed our efforts directed towards environmental protection.
These bags are made of a variety of material that can be easily treated when they become rubbish.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Besides；directed；concern；an even cleaner place
11.NMET 2008湖南卷
【精彩句子赏析】
I cannot help being moved by its author.
I admire Helen because she is optimistic about life.
For a disabled person like her，this was really a wonder.
【句型句式归纳】
Her story tells us that we should value what we have and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.
Since then she has lived in a world of darkness and silence，and communication has seemed only a dream for her.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
But；optimistic；Under the guidance of；wonder；overcome
12.NMET 2008 浙江卷
【精彩句子赏析】
They may work out better ways to get work done by discussion.
I prefer to work in a team，which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them.
【句型句式归纳】
People can decide for themselves when to start and how to do it.
People may also choose to work in a team，which offers me a chance to learn from each other and help each other.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
In this way；whats more；besides；personally；basically；on their own；efficiently.
13.NMET 2008山东卷
【精彩句子赏析】
The following tips may be a help to you.
I will surf the Internet for some information about how to deal with relationships.
【句型句式归纳】
What I want to say is that you are likely to be a stranger to them.
With time going by，you can become good friends.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
As a matter of fact；Believe it or not；Firstly ...secondly ...finally；Anyway；Newcomer；smooth；unnesessary
14.NMET 2008重庆卷
【精彩句子赏析】
What you should focus the topics of your compositions on is chiefly about the students daily life.
Once you are determined to be a member of us，you can participate in this activity at any time.
【句型句式归纳】
It is many top teachers who will offer practical guidance to you.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
Whats more；However；practical guidance；awarded；participate
15.NMET 2008江西卷
【精彩句子赏析】
An English composition contest is planned to be held in our school and it is just around the corner.
My teacher makes some practical suggestions and I adopt them.
【句型句式归纳】
One of the problems that I am in face of is how to make good use of some excellent sentences.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
As a result；And；around the corner；adopt；advanced；consulting；grammatical structures；quote；adequately
16.NMET 2008 天津卷
【精彩句子赏析】
She was grateful to me for my kind offer.
No one on the train offered his seat to the old woman willingly.
【句型句式归纳】
I could imagine when my father saw the wonderful presents，how cheerful he was.
No matter who we are，we should have a common sense that we must show respect for the old.
【连贯、高级词汇升华】
篇4：英语描写类语篇衔接机制特点分析
1 衔接理论概述
在《英语的衔接》中,韩礼德和哈桑对衔接作了详细的研究,认为衔接就是存在于语篇中的意义之间的关系,是一种语义关系,总体上把衔接分为两大类:语法衔接和词汇衔接。语法衔接分成指称(reference)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)以及连接(conjunction)及词汇衔接(lexical cohesion)。
指称是语篇中的指代成分(reference item)与指称或所指对象(referent)之间的相互解释关系,分为人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。
替代是一个词语替代另一个词语或从句,避免重复,从而实现语篇衔接。省略相比替代没有替代词语,因而省略被称为零替代。
连接是通过连接成份体现语篇中各种逻辑关系的手段。连接成份往往是一些过渡性的词语。连接词语表示的关系可分为四类:增补(additive),转折(adversative),原因(causa l)和时间(tempo ral)。
词汇衔接指通过词汇选择在篇章中建立一个贯穿篇章的链条,从而建立篇章的连续性。词汇衔接包括重复、同/反义、上/下义和搭配等。
2 描写类语篇
描写类语篇主要是通过生动的细节描写来描述一个人、地方或事物,从而使读者的头脑中形成一个精确的画面。作者往往在文中使用到富有想象力的语言,有趣的对比和能够吸引人的感官的形象。此外,为了使描述对象生动起来,作者往往会利用人的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉的感官感受。
描写类语篇的作者通常不描写事实或统计数据,而是用特定的细节描述一个地方或个人经历。因此,描写类语篇中总会用到很多的副词和形容词。
描写类语篇通常包括引言,正文和结论。作者在引言部分会提出篇章主题,以便读者明白这篇文章要写什么。在重要的正文部分,作者总是用生动的语言描绘主题,吸引读者注意。结尾部分总结正文部分描述的内容。
3 描写类语篇中衔接机制的分析
现以2006年上海外语教育出版、由董亚芬主编的《大学英语精读》中的一篇文章Alfred Nobel-A Man of Contrasts的部分段落为例进行分析:
Alfred Nobel,the great Swedish in-ventor and industrialist,was a man of many contrasts (1).He was the son of a bankrupt man,but became a millionaire;a scientist with a love of literature,an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist (2).He made a fortune but lived a simple life,and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private(3).A lover of mankind,he never had a wife or family to love him;a patriotic son of his native land,he died alone on foreign soil (4).He invented a new explosive,dynamite,to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building,but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men(5)。
本文旨在向读者描述伟大的科学家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔。作者并没有详细的描写诺贝尔的外貌,而是通过描写诺贝尔的所言所行来揭示了他的性格、思想和感情。第2句中的衔接项有3个,分别是he,scientist和industrialist,其中he指代前一句中的Alfred Nobel,scientist和industrialist都是词汇衔接,分别衔接前句中的inventor和industrialist。第3句中的衔接项为两个he和名词fortune,he指代Alfred Nobel,名词fortune与第二句中的millionaire衔接。第4句中出现5个衔接项,him,his和两个he都指代Alfred Nobel,名词son第2句中的son衔接。第5句中人称代词he和his还是指代文章主人公Alfred Nobel,动词invented与第1句中的inventor衔接,名词industries对应第2句中的industrialist,fellow men对应前句中的mankind。整篇文章中词汇衔接有61个,占57.0%,指称衔接项有43个,占40.2%,连接项有3个,占2.8%,没有出现替代和省略。
对整篇文章进行分析后,我们可以看出指称和词汇衔接是文中主要的衔接机制。指称往往形成了一个由所描写人物形成的指称链条,文中人称代词“he”“him”和“his”都指代诺贝尔,例如:“Alfred Nobel,…inventor and industrialist,…(1).He…,millionaire;scientist…,industrialist…(2).He…fortune;…he…(3).…mankind,he…him;…his…,he…(4).He invented…,his fellow men(5).”文中占全部非结构型衔接手段总数57.0%词汇衔接显示了在描述类语篇中的其重要的衔接作用。其次词汇衔接中的词汇搭配出现频繁。
再对其它五篇描述类语篇(大学英语精读课文The professor and the yo-yo,赛珍珠的A Typhoon,大学英语精读课文An English Christmas,The Middle Eastern Bazaar节选,亨利基辛格White House Years节选)进行同样的分析,可以得出词汇衔接往往占很大比例,分别占37.1%,59.2%,72.0%,53.5%和63.6%,其次是指称衔接,在其它五篇中比例分别为55.6%,34.7%,22.4%,41.4%和29.7%。连接衔接在其它五篇中大约都在5%左右,而替代和省略几乎没有出现。
4 结论
结合描写类语篇的特点和对六篇文章的分析数据我们可以得知,作者为了使读者在头脑中对所描写对象形成一个生动的画面,会用到丰富的词汇,从而形成大量的词汇衔接。指称衔接也是描写类语篇的一个重要衔接手段,在文中往往由所描述对象组成一个指称链条。因此,指称和词汇衔接是描述类语篇衔接的主要途径。
不同类型语篇的衔接特点给读者不仅提供不同类型语篇的组织模式特点,也提供了一个特殊的写作角度。因此教师在讲解语篇时应培养学生的语篇意识。教师对语篇的讲解应该从宏观分析到微观结构。句子之间和段落之间的衔接应该是语篇教学和阅读的重点。让学生了解不同语篇衔接机制的特点,可以帮助学生正确理解句子和段落之间的层级关系,及段落之间的逻辑关系,学会英语语篇结构类型和语言特点,更好地理解文章写作意图、体裁特点、文章布局技巧和文章的内容。
参考文献
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