托福写作常见“名词” 写作

托福写作常见“名词” 写作（精选6篇）

篇1：托福写作常见“名词” 写作

此类结构是双边倾向性结构，是双边结构中的一种。对大多数中国学生来说，双边结构较单边结构最大的优点是论证过程比较容易扩展。双边论证指正文两段分别论述下两个观点或优缺点。

可以做一个有趣的比喻，托福写作中双边论证的结构就像是在打一场官司，引言段引出话题，可以看作是书记员来宣布审理的案件，正文两段分别是两个观点，可以理解为被告和原告的辩护律师来列举对自己有利的证据，结尾段得出观点，即法官在总结了被告原告律师的发言后，得出自己的答案，同意哪一方，是否定罪。具体格式如下：

Introduction

Background+ My Opinion / Layout

Body:

1. Opinion One/ Advantage

Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences

+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences

2. Opinion Two/ Disadvantage

Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences

+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences

+ Reason Three + Supporting Sentences

Conclusion:

Statement of My Opinion (for opinion two/ more disadvantages than advantages)

篇2：托福写作常见“名词” 写作

托福写作题型1. 政府投资

People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?

托福写作题型2.文化类

i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?

ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?

托福写作题型 3. 科技影响

Many employees may work at home with modern technol.y. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

托福写作题型 4. 全球化影响

There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?

托福写作题型 5. 生活工作

Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?

托福写作题型 6. 传媒类

Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

托福写作题型 7. 教育类

i. Some people believe that educating children alt.ether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.

托福写作题型 8. 环境类

It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

托福写作题型 9. 动物类

Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?

托福写作题型 10.广告类

There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?

托福写作：如何避免写出假的thesis statement?

1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?

2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?

3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?

4.它是否表达了一个main idea?

5.它是否是个疑问句?

来看一下例子：我的观点是California was the best trip ever. 那么这句话是否是个合格的thesis statement呢?通过问自己这5个问题我们就可以判断出来。

1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?

是的。这句话有主语和谓语。

2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?

是的。很明显，我是通过对比了其他地方的旅行经历才得出了加州是最棒的这一观点。

3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?

是的。我会用三个分论点来支持我的观点。1)learning how to surf at Malibu; 2) going sightseeing; 3) meeting Vincent.

4.它是否表达了一个main idea?

是的。我只有一个main idea：having a fantastic time in California.

5.它是否是个问句?

不是问句。

thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。

所以，基于这五个问题的分析，我们可以确定California was the best trip ever.这句话是一个合格的thesis statement。

在了解了什么是thesis statement的基础上，来看一下什么是假的thesis statement。

a statement of fact 事实的陈述

a.Alaska is a big state.

这是一个不能够被讨论的事实，是一个真理。

b.Californian red wine is the best in the world.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

a question

a. Is global warming a problem?

这里又要强调一遍thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。

b. Global warming threatens the future of the planet.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

a sentence fragment

a. Paris: the most beautiful cityin Europe.

这句话不是完整的句子。缺少“is”。

b. Without a doubt, the TOEFL iBTis a true measure of your potential.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

simple announce the topic

a. In this essay, I will talkabout the problem of teenagers drinking and driving in my country, Argentina.

这句话只是告诉读者将要写的内容(topic)，而没有出现观点。

b. Personally, I think thatteenagers must finish high school before they can get a driver’s license.

这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。

丨练习：判断真假thesis statement

everyone should learn a foreign language.

How difficult is it to get a perfect score on the TOEFL iBT?

The CEO told us that the company had no other choice but to lay off five thousand employees.

In this essay, I’m going totalk about dogs and cats, and other domestic animals.

Iwona is ecstatic. Her grades are so good she got into Harvard and Yale. Now she must choose which one she will attend.

Last night, I went to an Italian restaurant and had lasagna.

The TOEFL iBT consists of four sections: reading, listening, speaking, and writing.

There are many English language proficiency tests; however, TOEFL is the test you must take if you are serious about studying at an English-speaking college or university.

Drinking a bottle of red wine every day will make you smarter.

Why is the price of gasoline going up?

答案：

真

假

假

假

假

假

假

真

真

假

托福写作：结构性词汇介绍

英文写作和中文写作在行文习惯和逻辑上都有很大的差别，这一点之前在之前介绍如何解决指代不明的问题时就已经提到过了。整体上看，相比于中国(或者说东方)风格的婉转隐晦，美国人则更坚持简洁明了。那么从行文习惯上，这个特点有一个很常见的体现，那就是结构性词汇的使用。这里所说的结构性词汇是我自己起的名字，可能不同的人有不同的说法。这些词汇在文章当中的作用就是表明和构建框架，告诉读者每一部分的内容分别是什么。它们与逻辑关联词的最终目的相似，都是为了使文章看起来调理更加清晰、结构更加合理。

对于综合写作来说，各位老师通常为同学们提供的模板当中很多都是结构性词汇，最典型的就是序数词和类似序数词作用的一些表达。简单的有first，second，third，高级一些的有first of all，moreover，in addition等等。这些是用来分隔和标明综合写作的三段主体段，方便读者(即阅卷人)理解和寻找要点。另外很重要的一种结构性词汇就是“阅读文章提到”“听力部分认为”等等这类说明观点持有者身份的部分。有了这些我们才能明确下面我们所体现的内容到底是哪一份材料的观点，从而避免歧义。

对于独立写作，结构性词汇也有非常重要的作用。与综合写作相同的就是我们需要用到分隔并标明分论点的序数词。这些序数词或者类似功能的词汇出现，读者就能意识到后面一般会紧跟着一个主体段的分论点。除此之外，为了体现清晰的结构脉络，主体段内其他几个关键环节(比如“说理”和“论据”)也需要结构性词汇的引入。比如说理，即把主旨句当中的理由再表达得更清晰明确一些，所以引入说理环节的结构性词汇就可以是：

1. That is to say, ...

2. To be more specific, ...

3. In other words, ...

他们的意思也很简单，分别是“那就是说”“更具体地说”“换句话说”。而引入论据的方式就更简单了，for example/take sth.as an example等等都很常见。

篇3：托福写作技巧

关键词：托福,写作,技巧,要求

1 综合写作要求

综合写作的要求决定了它有相对固定的写作方式, 比较录音讲座要么就是质疑或者反驳了阅读文章, 要么就是支持或者加强了阅读文章, 所以只需要把相关描述质疑 (或者反驳) 与描述支持 (或者加强) 的固定语句背下来就可以得到一个相对较高的分数, 同时把相关的药店表达准确和清楚了, 那么满分是完全可能的。所以, 考试必须从根本上综合写作的结构。阅读时, 需要按照结构, 记下相关的论点, 论据和细节;听力时, 考生要记下讲演者是如何反对这些要点的。

2 学会预测考点

托福写作部分考查的是记笔记的能力。阅读文章是学术性内容, 是围绕一个话题展开的一个论述, 这个话题必然和听力内容所围绕的话题是一致的。知道了阅读文章的时候, 关键是读出文章的论证结构, 而非所有内容, 因此在记笔记的时候会尽量可能体现框架。学会如何高箱的记录笔记。在进入综合写作之前, 先在草稿纸上画一条横线和一条竖线, 横线上方记录阅读和听力的主旨信息, 横线下方记录药店和细节信息, 通过竖线把阅读和听力的药店细节分记在两边。这样记的好处是主旨和证明分开, 不会搞错大方向, 要点和要点对立, 不会在听完听力之后找不到信息的对应点。

首先是记录阅读笔记;读出阅读的主旨, 然后用尽可能少的单词将这些信息体现为话题, 记在横线上方;按照阅读的顺序用尽可能少的单词以此记录文章的三个或者四个要点, 和所有的支持性细节。

其次是听力笔记:听力的观点是对阅读观点的直接取非, 则直接记录。若听力的观点是提出了另外一种解释, 则用最少的单子记录下这种解释的关键词。

再次是将笔记要点扩展为句子:用简单的连接手段, 把阅读和听力的三点分别写成三句话。对于每个孤立的信息点, 笔记可以拆分为以下三个信息要素:主旨性观点 (opinion) , 要点 (main piont) 以及细节 (detail) 这三个信息要素之间存在两层论证关系, 细节支持要点, 要点支撑观点。英语有主从关系, 尽量用主句体现听力和阅读的碰撞点, 而从而体现其他两个信息要素, 要写的这句话既可以体现所有是哪个信息要素, 也可以体现其中比较重要的两个, 要使用逻辑关系来链接这些信息要素。

最后是从四个层次开构造:阅读和听力共同探讨话题;听力的态度“阅读的态度;听力和阅读的关系”综合起来就是:

(1) in the lecture, the professor makes several points about.

(2) The professor arues that.

(3) However, the reading contends that.

(4) The professor’s lecture casts doubt on the reading with several points.

写好满分作文需要满足一下四项标准的大部分:

(1) 有效的回答了所有的问题。

(2) 结构合理, 内容展开合理—要用明显合适的解释, 李子和细节来论证。

(3) 文章的论证要前后一致, 逻辑链关河语言连贯。

(4) 语言方面, 要体现出句式的变化, 恰当的词汇选择, 以及语言的合规性。虽然可以存在少量词汇或语法错误, 但是只能是少量, 而且必须是小错误, 而不是让人费解的大错误。

由此可见, 弱项主要是语言上面的问题:语言连贯性, 句式变化, 词汇选择, 以及语言的合规性。

实际应用:

(1) it is better to ire young people as employees, or is it better to hire old but experienced workers?Use specific detials and reasons to support your response.

题目:是雇佣年轻人当员工号, 还是雇佣上年纪但有经验的工人?

这又是一道比较选择类型的题目。年轻人有活力, 节奏快, 头脑反应灵敏, 接受新鲜事物也快, 因此很有效率, 而有经验的老员工由于职场经历丰富, 对所做的工作轻车熟路, 不用岗前培训即可马上进入工作状态, 因此也具有高效的特征。同时, 一方的优点也可以被论证为对方的缺点, 非常灵活。

(2) 具体化, 分情况, 分领域直接拆分。

独立写作的题目并无对错, 所以如果硬要直接阐述, 很可能会找不出理由或者理由抽象而牵强, 因此对于无法使用万能理由的题目, 往往需要对题目内容进行以下两种拆分。

(1) 具体化题目中的某个抽象概念从而形成拆分:

People should sometimes do things that they don not enjoy doing.

人们不喜欢做的事情是一个抽象概念, 可以细分为“作业”, “家务”, “考试”三个层面去谈。

(2) 分情况, 分领域讨论:

Parents are the best teachers.

换个思维考虑在什么情况下或者遇到什么问题时, 当家长在某一领域有一技之长时。

托福考的是语言, 并不是思维能力。而中国的考生最大的特色就是想问题想得一般都很宏观, 遇到这样的问题反而会无话可说。想要得到高分, 并不需要一定要三层理由。我的学生通常喜欢写五段, 中间段三段, 但其实不是这样的。三层固然是不错的, 但在时间压力下写不出来其实很正常的, 只要学会了解释自己的观点, 并不一定三层论证才是好文章, 真正的好文章基本都是没有格式化痕迹的。

满分并不需要用华丽的词汇和极其复杂的句子, 也不需要估计体现修辞能力, 需需要通顺, 流利和自然的变化。

开头段:一个饱满的开头段包含二, 三个层次:话题引入;层次抓住阅读者的注意力, 主题句;层次清晰地展现观点, 结构暗示;层次提示中间段的层次结构或视角。

话题引入:可以用故事开头, 用名人名言或者谚语引出话题, 用语出惊人的方式开头, 用描述现状的方式开头, 用问句开头等。

主题句:这一层次的关键是把观点写清楚, 可以加上IN MY VIEW之类的信号词, 可以加上针对观点的总的抽象理由, 可以加上让步层次。

结构暗示:用一句话提示中间段将出现几个层次, 或者分析问题的视角。

结束段:当开头段把观点阐述清楚之后, 结束段从信息量上讲就成了最不重要的段落, 甚至存在没有结尾段的满分文章——言外之意是如果时间不够了, 应该尽可能将中间段写完整, 而不是追求结尾段的完整性。

新托福写作中常见的词组:

(1) 动词词组类devote to为某人付出, 献身于某事物。

Bear in mind that记住;Come up with sth找到或提出办法等。

(2) 名词或动词词组类。

sense:consciousness of sth:awareness觉悟, 意识, 意义。

(3) 动词类。

Appeal:be attractive or interesting呼吁, 请求, 有吸引力。

(4) 形容词或形容词组类。

Be abundant in sth:having plenty of sth富有某事物。

Efficient能胜任的;Inevitable不可避免的。

(5) 连接词词组。

Rather than:in preference to sb/sth不要, 不愿,

As for sb/sth:with regard to sb/sth至于某人/某物。

参考文献

[1]孟家峰.托福写作类型与思路分析[J].英语沙龙:锋尚版, 2015 (10) :16-17.

篇4：透视托福综合写作常见误区

题型及评分标准

托福写作共分为两部分：综合写作和独立写作。综合写作的考查形式相对复杂：考生先要用三分钟的时间看一篇200～300词的阅读材料，然后再听一段与阅读材料相关的时长为两分钟的录音，最后结合二者的内容写一篇文章。综合写作看似很复杂，但其实并不难。考生只要听力过关，把握好综合写作的评分标准和考核要求，还是很有可能在这一单项上拿到满分的。下面笔者就来介绍一下综合写作的评分标准。

《新托福考试官方指南》（The Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT，后文简称“OG”）对托福综合写作给出的5分评分标准如下：“A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized， and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connection.”从字面上看，此标准提出了两个要求：①考生在写作时要完整阐述阅读材料及录音中的内容；②文章结构要完整，可以偶尔出现一些语言上的小错误，但不能影响句意及逻辑的表达。

很多考生在综合写作上失分，原因就在于没有仔细研究评分标准，没弄清楚这一单项的考核要求。由此一来，考生犯了很多不该犯的错误，其原有的水平发挥不出来，自然得不到理想的分数。

常见误区剖析

为了帮助考生获得高分，下面笔者就重点分析一下考生在托福综合写作应考中经常出现的一些误区。

1.记笔记=逐词听记

很多考生在做综合写作时都有一个疑惑：录音部分的笔记到底要记什么？大多数考生在听录音时，总想把每个词都记下来，唯恐漏掉一个。但其实，任何人都无法在这么短的时间里把每一个词都记下来。此外，过于注重单个单词的记录反而会令考生漏掉一些关键信息，甚至搞不清录音材料的逻辑，进而导致失分。

其实，关于笔记要记什么，OG上已有明确的表述：“A response at this level successfully selects the important information …”这句话里用的是“important”而非“all”，说明考生只需记主要信息，而无需“词词俱到”。有的考生会问：“是不是我只要记录音的主要观点就可以了？”答案同样是“非也”。OG的4分评分标准中有这么一句：“… but it may have minor omission， inaccuracy， vagueness， or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading …”这句话表明，除points以外，考生还要记一些content，即说话人是怎么论证/驳斥阅读材料中的观点的，举了什么例子等。如果这些内容没能体现在考生的写作中，就算观点都写全了，考生最多也只能得4分。对应新托福的评分标准，失掉的这1分原始分相当于最终成绩的6分。

因此，根据OG中5分和4分的评分标准，考生可以清晰地看到ETS （美国教育考试服务中心）对记笔记的要求，即记录主要观点、论证方式和例证。至于那些细枝末节，有了当然更好，没有也不至于失分。不过，考生在记笔记时，也不能只是记个大方向而已，还要尽力记全那些关键的细节。

2.综合写作是小作文，不必在意语言质量

托福综合写作中，ETS对纯语言的考查要求明显低于独立写作，考生通过对比两者的评分标准即可见端倪。独立写作的评分标准对于答案的词、句、段、结构都有详细的要求，而在综合写作的评分标准中，关于语言的要求只有一条，即well-organized。这是因为综合写作重点考核的并非语言能力，而是考生抓取信息的能力。其实，综合写作的考查形式很接近美国大学真正的上课模式，即在课前阅读大量的材料，然后去听老师讲课的内容，回来后自己消化吸收，最后通过写课程论文来呈现自己的学习成果。“消化吸收”才是学习的主要目的，而“写作”的形式其实没那么重要。

正因为如此，很多考生会将综合写作视为“小作文”，答题时不重视这部分的语言质量。殊不知，很多考生都曾因综合写作的语言不过关而失分。为此，考生在答题时，务必要注意以下两点。

①大量的、影响考官理解的语言错误一定会被扣分。OG的4分评分标准中有这么一句：“A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors， as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.”这句话表明，如果考生的答案中频繁出现一些小的语言错误，影响考官对写作内容的理解，考生会因此而失掉1分。

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②逻辑连接词非常重要。尽管OG五档评分标准的内容都不相同，但每一档评分标准的最后都特别提到了connection of ideas。这就说明考官需要的是一篇文章，而非观点和事实的堆砌。考生需要利用逻辑连接词，将阅读和录音材料中的观点及事实连成一篇文章。考生要切记：综合写作的辞藻不必太华丽，但要尽量避免语言错误，文章的逻辑关系一定要清楚。

综合写作中常用的逻辑连接词有以下几种。

驳斥：refute、disagree with、cast doubt on、challenge、oppose、conflict with、deny the statement of、contradict等；

支持：support、enhance、uphold等；

转折：in contrast、however、on the other hand、on the contrary、while等；

列举：first、second、third、first of all、secondly、also、finally、in the first place、furthermore、moreover等。

解答综合写作时，考生若能巧妙运用这些逻辑连接词，将所看和所听到的内容融为一体，写就一篇逻辑清晰、内容完整、“有血有肉”的文章，那在综合写作部分拿到满分就成了轻而易举之事。下面请看托福模考软件TPO第12套题的一篇例文，体会逻辑连接词的作用。

The speaker challenges the passage on the topic of the portrait of Jane Austen， offering contradictory evidence concerning whether the subject of this professional painting is Jane Austen herself.

First of all， the family members of Austen did not know for certain if the portrait was Austen or not. Despite the content from the author that Austen’s family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters， the speaker， however， brings forward the alternative proof that Jane Austen had been dead for almost 70 years when the portrait was authorized for use in the 1882 publication of letters and none of the members of Austen’s family had seen the portrait in person before.

Contrary to the writer’s statement that the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra’s sketch which we know depicts Austen， the narrator argues that the painting could be one of Austen’s. Moreover， the Austen family is large. Many of the female cousins of Jane Austen were teenagers. Some of these teenage girls could resemble Jane Austen， and meanwhile many experts believed that the true subject of the portrait was one of these relatives.

Another argument raised in the lecture is that there is other evidence pointing out that this painting is of a later date， and this directly contradicts what is stated in the passage. The lecturer explains that the stamp on the back of the picture indicates that the material of this painting was canvas which started to sell in London when Jane Austen was 27 years old. Consequently， the canvas was used for painting at the time when Austen was clearly older than the girl in the portrait.

So， the contents in the passage are contradicted by the lecturer and the lecturer has totally different ideas on the points made in the passage.

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3.综合写作= summary

部分考生误以为综合写作就是一篇summary，只要总结了阅读和录音材料中的观点就够了，其实不然。综合写作要求考生写的是一篇分析类的文章，这就更需要考生表达清楚文章的逻辑，特别是阅读和录音材料之间的关系。考生可以通过下面这篇TPO第22套题的例文中的划线部分来体会怎样清楚地表达二者之间的关系。

The speaker and the passage have contradictory opinions concerning the usage of ethanol fuel. Three pieces of evidence offered by the speaker have effectively questioned the related reasons held in the passage. （首先清楚表明阅读和录音材料之间是统一还是矛盾的关系）

First of all， although one disadvantage from the passage is （后文是对阅读材料观点的详尽阐述） that burning ethanol fuel releases carbon dioxide， which is a kind of greenhouse gas， into the atmosphere， the speaker， however， challenges this information by alternative proof （后文是对录音观点及关键细节的描述） that the growing of plants such as corn may absolutely counteract the greenhouse gas by absorbing most of it for its own survival. The amount of carbon dioxide released is less than the amount absorbed， so that there is no need to be afraid that ethanol fuel will aggravate global warming.

Besides， according to the speaker （后文继续补充录音中的重要内容）， using corn to produce ethanol fuel will not risk reducing the food sources for animals because through using advanced technology， we can obtain a kind of plant which can be used to make the ethanol fuel and， at the same time， animals do not eat it. This totally casts doubt on the point in the passage （再次阐明录音材料与阅读材料之间的关系） that since most of the corn is used to produce ethanol fuel， there will not be sufficient food for animals.

Finally， despite the proof of the passage （补充阅读材料中的例证） that the price of the ethanol fuel will be higher than common fuel in the future when the government stops their support， the speaker effectively weakens the validity of this view by stating the fact （补充录音材料中的例证） that the more consumers buy ethanol fuel， the more is produced and， as a result of the help of the government， the lower and more affordable its price will be in the future.

通过上述例文考生会发现，仅仅通过一些简单的逻辑连接词将阅读和录音材料的观点结合起来，突显出二者之间的统一或矛盾关系，这是远远不够的。结合OG评分标准考生不难发现，除了总结阅读和录音材料之间的关系，考生还要写出很多具体的论证细节，这对考生的总结能力提出了更高的要求。由此可见，综合写作绝不是简单的summary。

OG的重要性

根据上述内容考生可以看出，尽管OG的评分标准看上去都是一些貌似无关痛痒的话，但其实深究下去，ETS的考官们早已把考试要求写在了字里行间。这就需要考生细细研读，仔细钻研，揣摩考官的用意，对症下药，同时搞清楚得分点在哪里，如此方能轻松应对。

考生若想知道考官到底想考什么，也只能依靠OG，因为这是仅有的一本应考“圣经”。以前曾有很多考生将OG粗粗看一遍，然后扔在一边，觉得自己了解了题型就可以了，反正上面的题目也不会再考，看了也没用。而事实上，OG的作用绝不仅仅是告知题型这么简单，它同时还给出了备考的思路和方向。考生如果不重视OG，花再多的时间啃书、做题也是事倍功半。由此可见，正确、细致地解读评分标准还是相当重要的。

综上所述，考生备考托福综合写作的确不是容易的事。综合写作是要求很高的一个单项，不仅考查考生的阅读能力和听力水平，同时又以写作的形式来考查考生的逻辑、总结概括能力以及写作能力。不过，考生想要达到满分的目标也并非难如登天。考生只要踏实、努力、坚持不懈，按照评分标准的指向认真备考，多做练习，就能在综合写作上取得佳绩。最后，祝愿各位考生早日获得托福高分，叩开美国留学的大门。

篇5：托福写作常见转折词

试比较

She used to be indifferent to the outside world, but an interloper changed her.

Her indifference to the outside world was changed by an interloper.

2. 可否把but后面的句子改为短小的插入语等成分来体现转折?

试比较

Driven by an interest in words, Claire kept trying poetry, novelsand literature analyses, but she hardly succeeded in any of these endeavors at the very beginning.

Driven by an interest in words, Claire kept trying poetry, novels and literature analyses—all with little initial success.

3. 可否把but 后面部分改为更紧凑的从句?

试比较

It was meant to be a brief parting, but it turned into a long, lingering one.

What was meant to be a brief parting turned into a long, lingering one.

第二句读起来更加集中、紧凑，并且去掉了“It was, but it…”等鸡肋部分。

4. 积累多一些可能的but替换，比如：however/nonetheless/ nevertheless/ yet/ whereas/ while等，常常也能带来新思路。

试比较

Once arriving home, she starts to review all the notes, not necessarily because the teacher requires her to do so,but because she encourages herself to study hard.

Once arriving home,she starts to review all the notes, as much from the requirement of the teacher,as from herself-encouragement.

对于but这一最为常见的转折，我们可以从“是否可以直接去掉?是否可以改为插入语等句子成分?是否可以改为更为紧凑的从句?是否有其他替换表达?”这个方面进行思考。

但应该指出，应该建立在“自己有把握判断原句与改进后句子的风格与质量”的基础上进行。有时候，不一定改的就比原句更好，短的不一定就更简洁。

托福写作转折句12个必备句式

1. However

1)We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors.我们原以为这些数据正确，不过我们现在发现了一些错误。

2)However, he smothered, as best he was able, these feelings.然而，他尽其所能抑制住了这些感情。

3)If, however, you are an extrovert you are quite likely to enjoy it.然而，如果你是一个性格外向的人，你很可能会喜欢它。

4)It was, however, a little disappointing.不过，这有点儿令人失望。

2. Nonetheless

1) The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.这本书篇幅太长，但是很有知识性和趣味性。

2) The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon.问题不严重， 不过我们还是需要尽快处理。

3) Nonetheless, it contains an element of truth.然而它也有些道理。

3. Nevertheless

1) He was very tired, nevertheless he kept working.他累得很，然而仍继续工作。

2) There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。

3) Nevertheless, they deserve notice and respect.然而，他们应该受到重视和尊敬。

4. By comparison

1) He was mortified by comparisons between his classmates’ good marks and his own.拿自己的成绩与同学们的优异成绩相比较他感到羞愧。

2) By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.相比之下，去年教育经费增加了。

5. By contrast

1) By contrast, she was much more outspoken.对比起来，她坦率得多。

2) When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.看看他们的新系统，我们的相比之下就显得太过时了。

6. Therefore

1) He is young and therefore easily pervertible.他年轻，因而容易变坏。

2) All sincere opinions should therefore be respected.因此一切诚恳的意见都应该收到尊重。

3) He is highly strung, and therefore, subject to heart attacks.他神经高度紧张，所以很容易发心脏病。

4) Therefore energy is now not a peripheral but a central issue in the economy.因此，能源在现时经济中并非枝节问题而是一个中心问题。

5) We have a growing population and therefore we need more and more food.我们的人口越来越多，因此我们需要越来越多的食物。

7. Hence

1) It’s handmade and hence expensive.这是手工制作的，因此价格很贵。

2) The computer has become smaller and cheaper and hence more available to a greater number of people.计算机已向小型低价的方向发展，从而使更多的人能够用上。

8. Thus

1) Life was thus made richer.生活因此变得更加丰富充实了。

2) We have failed. Thus we have to take the consequences.我们失败了。因此，我们只得承担后果。

3) We hope the new machine will work faster, thus reducing our costs.我们希望新机器将工作得更快，从而降低成本。

4) We’re able to do in-depth research and thus spot future trends.我们能作深度的研究，因而能看出来未来的趋向。

5) Old people often try to economize on heating, thus endangering their health.老年人常常想方设法节约暖气，结果损害了他们的健康。

6) The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。

7) A rise in incomes will create increased purchasing power, thus stimulating demand for goods and services.收入增加会提高购买力，从而刺激对商品及服务行业的需求。

8) We give money to charities, and thus salve our consciences.我们给慈善事业捐款，从而使自己的良心得到宽慰。

9. In view of

1) In view of the recent developments, we do not think this step advisable.考虑到最近事态的发展，我们认为这一步不可取。

2) Voluntary work was particularly important in view of the fact that women were often forced to give up paid work on marriage.考虑到妇女婚后常常被迫放弃有偿工作，志愿工作就尤为重要。

10. More often than not

1) Food is scarce and more often than not they go hungry.食物特别少，所以他们经常挨饿。

2) More often than not, his dog will try to bite his guests.他的狗经常会去咬客人。

11. On the one hand

1) On the one hand they’d love to have kids, but on the other, they don’t want to give up their freedom.一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。

2) The firm was accommodating its customers on the one hand and making aggressive demands on the other.这家公司一方面尽量给顾客提供方便，另一方面则向他们大提要求。

12. For instance1) What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing?比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办?

2) It is a very nice town; it’s got very nice shops for instance.那是座非常好的城镇;例如，它有很好的商店。

3) Taking advertising for instance.以广告为例。

4) Let’s take Napoleon, for instance.以拿破仑为例。

5) Murder, petty theft and tax evasion, for instance, all have different motives and consequences.比如谋杀、小偷小摸和逃税，都有不同的动机和后果。

托福考试作文范文:出国留学经历的利弊分析

托福考试作文题目：The independent essay usually asks for your opinion about a familiar topic. You will have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your response. Typically, a good essay for the independent topic will require that you write 300–350 words.

Question:

You are planning to study abroad. What do you think you will like and dislike about this experience? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

托福考试作文参考分析：

本题要求考生通过定位，概括和分类仔细审题，就某个问题写一篇感想，或就一个事件进行阐述，解释以及论证自己的观点，列出提纲明确主题并围绕主题来写作和修改文章。

托福考试作文范文参考：

My mother once told me that she could always find my eyes shining at the mention of going abroad for further education. There is no denying the fact that I have strong desire of my oversea trip and have planed of it for a long period since I began my high school time. In fact, I am only a typical example of those young students who have the some dream. A result of recent survey, released by a famous magazine in my hometown showed that more than 72 percent local high school students has pleasant association with studying abroad. Anyway, such decisions can benefit a young man a great deal while it is not without its problems.

Will oversea colleges and universities, especially those in America, provide Chinese student a more refined education? The data I select over this year leads to me believe that the answer is undoubtedly positive, since those abroad universities, which enjoy high reputations world-widely, have faculty and advanced facility. It is the education with totally different conceptions that will exert positively influence on one by widening his or her horizon, whereby he/she can put him/herself in a favorable position in the future job markets.

Secondly, which is another conspicuous advantage of the oversea life, it can bring one friends from a variety of countries. Seldom can one have an adjust judgement to a remote nation without consorting with the people from that area. As my cousin, who has been living in England for over seven years, pointed out, she learns a lot from her foreign friends.

However, we immature students should be blind to the dilemma we may face toward in the future. Living in a foreign country means one should try hard to adapt him/herself to a new environment and, in addition, probably have to suffer from the segregation with family.

篇6：托福写作常见问题盘点

Mature adults are more prepared for travel than young people are, so it is advisable to wait before visiting foreign countries. People who wait are better able to understand what they see, they have experience to deal with problems, and they have more financial flexibility.

First, travel to a foreign country inevitably involves seeing new things. Schools, though, do not prepare students for the realities of a completely different place. Mature adults can take the time to research about where they are going and get the most out of the experience. For example, it might be pretty to see the Great Wall of China. However, if the viewer understands the history of the wall and knows its purpose and the effort involved in building it, the experience of looking at the wall is greatly enriched. It is therefore wise for people to go to places that they have had time to study in depth rather than just go to famous places when they are very young.

Second, mature adults are more capable of dealing with problems than young people are. With more life experience, the adult can assess the dangers of a situation and evaluate the best course of action to solve it. Adults are more aware of the resources available to them at home, so can apply such knowledge to unfamiliar circumstances. Instead of panicking when something goes wrong, a mature adult can draw upon experience to cope with the problem successfully.

Finally, travel is expensive, so it is better to travel when there is enough money to cover the expense. Younger people often are trying to save money for an education or repay school loans, so they do not have the financial leeway to spend on a trip. Alternately, their parents selflessly spend their own money to pay for their children to have a vacation overseas. By contrast, a person who has worked many years in a job may have more money and paid vacation time to invest in personal travel. It is better to wait until there is enough money to travel than rely on loans or worry that parents are sacrificing their interests.