并列句与状语从句

并列句与状语从句（共5篇）

篇1：并列句与状语从句

1.Mary made coffee____ her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that

B.although

C.while

D.as if 2.The little boy won’t go to sleep ____ his mother tells him a story.A.or

B.unless

C.but

D.whether

3.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.A.once

B.when

C.if

D.unless 4.______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A.However to face the challenge

B.What a serious problem C.However serious a problem

D.What serious a problem

5._______ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept his as a member.A.Until

B.Unless

C.If

D.After

6.______ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.As

B.While

C.Until

D.Once 7.John thinks it won’t be long ____ he is ready for his new job.A.when

B.after

C.before

D.since 8.---Our holiday cost a lot of money.---Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter ______ you enjoyed yourselves.A.as long as

B.unless

C.as soon as

D.though

9.The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A.before

B.until

C.as

D.since

10.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _______ they have the interest.A.wherever

B.whenever

C.even if

D.as if

11.Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a large one _____ it becomes available.A.as soon as

B.unless

C.as far as

D.until

12.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.although

B.unless

C.because

D.if 13.Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.A.when

B.if

C.and

D.till 14.Tim is in good shape physically _______ he doesn’t get much exercise.A.if

B.even though

C.unless

D.as long as

15.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _____ she got to her office.A.since

B.that

C.when

D.until

16.Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A.when

B.where

C.how

D.what 练习二

1._______ well prepared a gymnast is, he still needs a lot of luck in performing.A.Whatever

B.Although

C.No matter

D.However

2._______ the activities might seem childish, in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.A.When

B.As

C.While

D.Once 3.Too high house prices can be brought under control, ______ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.A.even if

B.as if

C.so that

D.provided that

4.A small car is big enough for a family of three ______ you need more space for baggage.A.once

B.because

C.if

D.unless 5.It is morning _____ we have four classes, not afternoon.A.when

B.which

C.that

D.why 6.How can you keep fit ______ you smoke so much? A.as

B.while

C.when

D.for

7.It’s really dangerous to work on the roof.______ , you should take care of yourself.A.Therefore

B.However

C.Otherwise

D.Yet

8.I’m not sure whether I will have anything else to do tomorrow.______ , I will try every possible means to come to the party.A.Even though

B.Anyhow

C.If so

D.Instead

9.The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people _______ the fire burnt up to the top of the building.A.after

B.before

C.until

D.while

10._____ the Customs Office, he will have to declare this sort of things he carries with him to the customs officer.A.No matter who will come through

B.Who comes through C.No matter whom comes through

D.Whoever comes through 11.Your article must be sent by e-mail _____ it can meet the deadline.A.or else

B.so that

C.in case

D.for fear 12.You can imagine ________ one feels ______ everybody dislikes him.A.when, if

B.if, when

C.if, how

D.how, if 13.Why not stay at home _______ the road is so slippery after the heavy snow? A.since that

B.after that

C.then that

D.now that

14.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers ______ it was too late to tell them.A.as

B.that

C.until

D.when 15._________ , I could not memorize the test.A.However hard did I try

B.However hard I tried

C.However I tried hard

D.However I had tried hard

16.I don’t think Maria will be disappointed at the news, but I will see her _______ she is.A． as if

B.so that

C.in case

D.even though

17.During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up ____ old shabby houses were torn down.A.where

B.in what

C.in which

D.which

18.Many people cannot learn any lessons from the mistakes ________ they get hurt somehow.A.whether

B.unless

C.if

D.when 练习三

1.---What should we do since we can’t make a compromise after lengthy talks?---_______ you apologize and take back what you’ve said _____ it is all over between us.A.Not only, but also

B.Either, or

C.Neither, nor

D.Whether, or 2.---Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.---Exactly, _______ they’re learned a lot about grammar and known many words.A.if only

B.now that

C.as if

D.even if

3.It was on my way home _____ my father made the promise ______ I can do well in next exam he will buy me whatever I want.A.that, that

B.where, that if

C.that, if

D.that, that if

4.Napoleon’s story proves that to be a hero has nothing to do with size, with a smart mind and a brave heart.A.and

B.so

C.or

D.but 5.---My son is addicted to drugs.He isn’t hopeless, is he?

---Yes, _______ he mends his ways and starts all over.A.if

B.when

C.even if

D.unless 6.---When shall we go planting trees in the hill?

---______ it begins to rain, so they don’t need watering.A.Not until

B.While

C.Till

D.Unless

7.You can’t complain of being lonely ____ you don’t make any effort to communicate with others.A.when

B.until

C.unless

D.once 8.---Did Jack come back early last night?

---Yes.It was not eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.A.before

B.that

C.when

D.until 9.______ I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right to do so.A.As

B.If

C.While

D.When

10.He is a nice listener, ______ he feels the time is right he will give you his thoughts.A.until

B.after which

C.if

D.and when 11.His children are well-behaved, _____ those of this sister’s are very naughty.A.and

B.whereas

C.thus

D.so

12.We missed our train, and _______ the next train was delayed, ______ we had to wait for two hours.A.on top of that, so B.as a result, then

C.what was worse, however

D.because, therefore 13.How long do you think _____ the computer company launches a new model? A.it will be before

B.will it be until

C.will it when

D.it will be that

14.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we basically change the way we live.A.but

B.although

C.unless

D.once 15.If I were rich, I should help them out.______ , I can do nothing.A.As is often the case

B.As is it

C.As the case is often

D.As it is 16.Young ______ he is, he knows a great deal about advanced technology.A.as

B.although

C.so

D.yet 17.Stop making so much noise _______ my neighbor will start complaining.A.or else

B.but still

C.and then

D.so that

18.You can’t attend the party tonight because it is stormy.____, you still haven’t got over your high fever.A.Therefore

B.however

C.Moreover

D.Thus 19.How long do you suppose it is _______ he arrived there ? A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since

20.This study shows that _____ languages may differ;the order in which young kids learn the parts of speech appears to be the same across different languages.A.since

B.so

C.while

D.but 参考答案：

一．1—5CBDCB 6—10 DCAAC 11—16 ACABCB 二．1—5 DCDDA

6—10 CABBD 11—15 BDDCB

16—18 CAB 三． 1---5 BDDDD

6—10 AACCD 11—15 BAACD 16—20 AACDC

篇2：并列句与状语从句

1．Located________ the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017·江苏，23)A．why

C．which

答案 D 解析 句意为：由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。空格处在过去分词located后面引导状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“在‘一带一路’的交汇处”，因此用where引导状语从句。

2．—Peter，please send us postcards ________ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.(2017·北京，22)A．but

C．for

答案 D 解析 句意为：——彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。——没问题。后面表示结果，故用so。but表转折；or表选择；for是表因果关系的连词，后接原因。3．________ birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京，25)A．Once

C．Although

答案 C 解析 句意为：虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系，故用although引导状语从句。once一旦，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句。

4．If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people ________ you figure it out.(2017·北京，28)A．because

B．though B．If D．Because B．or D．so B．when D．where C．until

答案 C

D．since 解析 句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until直到„„为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though尽管，引导让步状语从句；since自„„以来，由于，引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。5．________ some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016·江苏，26)A．Because

C．Unless

答案 D 解析 句意为：尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励，而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。根据句意可知，这两句话之间为转折对比关系，故用while。

6．My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，________ he’s in his nineties.(2016·北京，27)A．as long as

C．even though

答案 C 解析 句意为：尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了，但他仍不时打网球。由句意可知，本句的前后两部分之间为让步关系，故选C。

7．I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016·北京，33)A．because

C．unless

答案 A 解析 句意为：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它有助于我放松身心，让我忘记一天中的其他烦恼。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选A项。

8．I am not afraid of tomorrow，________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016·北京，35)A．so

C．for

答案 C 解析 句意为：我并不害怕明天，因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，句子前

B．and D．but B．before D．until B．as if

D．in case B．If D．While 后为因果关系，故选C项。

9．________ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(2016·天津，7)A．Unless

C．As

答案 C 解析 句意为：随着人口平均寿命的延长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导状语从句，表示“随着”。

10．It is so cold that you can’t go outside ______ fully covered in thick clothes.(2015·江苏，26)A．if B．unless C．once D．when 答案 B 解析 句意为：天太冷，你不能去外面，除非你全裹在厚衣服里。unless相当于if...not(如果„„不，除非)，符合句意。

11．________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.(2015·浙江，9)A．Just as

C．Until

答案 A 解析 句意为：正如一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意思。just as正如，正像，符合语境。even though尽管；until直到；unless除非，如果不。12．He is a shy man，________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015·北京，25)A．so

C．or

答案 B 解析 句意为：他是一个很害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事和任何人。由句意可知前后两句之间为转折关系，故用but，选B。

13．You won’t find paper cutting difficult ________ you keep practicing it.(2015·北京，28)A．even though

C．as if

答案 B

B．as long as D．ever since B．but D．as

B．Even though D．Unless B．Until D．While 解析 句意为：只要你坚持练习，就不会觉得剪纸难了。even though 即使；as long as只要；as if 仿佛，好像；ever since 自„„以来。结合句意可知选B。

14．________ the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015·北京，32)A．Until

C．Once

答案 C 解析 句意为：耕地一旦被破坏，就要花费好多年才能恢复。until直到；unless除非；once一旦；although尽管。由句意可知选C。

15．If you miss this chance，it may be years ________ you get another one.(2015·重庆，4)A．as

C．since

答案 B 解析 句意为：如果你错过这次机会，可能得过好多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查“It will/may be＋一段时间＋before...”句式，表示“过多久才„„”。

16．________ scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still don’t know.(2015·安徽，23)A．Once

C．Though

答案 C 解析 句意为：尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多，但仍有许多我们还不知道的东西。once一旦；since自从„„以来；though尽管；unless除非。该题主要考查让步状语从句，故选C；A项常引导时间状语从句；D项常引导条件状语从句；B项常引导时间或原因状语从句。17．________ he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.(2015·安徽，34)A．Where

C．In case

答案 A 解析 句意为：在他曾经想放弃的地方，他现在有决心前行并继续走下去。where在这里是连词，意思是“(在)„„的地方”。as当，因为；in case以防；now that既然。

B．As D．Now that B．Since D．Unless B．before D．after B．Unless D．Although 18．________ the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2015·福建，31)A．While

C．Since

答案 A 解析 句意为：尽管那些学生来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得很好。此处用while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。

19．________ the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it.(2015·湖南，33)A．If only

C．Although

答案 C 解析 句意为：虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但大多数学生都一致认为这次经历是值得的。句中的a significant amount of time与worth it之间构成对比，故用although引导让步状语从句。20．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，________ plants can spread to new places.(2014·北京，21)A．so

C．for

答案 A 解析 句意为：一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，所以植物就能传播到新的地方。so表示因果关系，意为“因此”，符合句意，故选A。

B．or D．but B．After D．In case B．Unless D．Until

一、并列句易错点梳理

1．从属连词because不能与并列连词so连用；although和though不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。

Though he is young，he knows a lot.虽然他很小，但懂得很多。

2．not only 位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装，但but also后的分句仍用正常语序。有时 also可以省略。Not only did the dog bark at him，but it bit him.这只狗不但对他吠叫，而且咬了他。

3．for分句只能位于句尾，且其前面需用逗号隔开。它所连接的分句只是对前面的分句加以解释，补充说明理由或推断原因。The day breaks，for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟在叫。

4．在“祈使句＋and/then＋陈述句”结构中，祈使句的意义相当于if引导的条件状语从句的肯定式；而在“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构中，祈使句的意义相当于if引导的条件状语从句的否定式。

Hurry up，or we’ll not catch the early bus.快点，否则我们就赶不上早班车了。

5．注意when(此时；这时)和while(而；却)这两个并列连词。I was just getting into the bath when the telephone rang.我正要洗澡这时电话响了。

I like drinking black coffee while he prefers it with cream.我爱喝清咖啡而他却喜欢喝加奶油的。

二、状语从句难点梳理

1．引导时间状语从句的特殊连词

引导时间状语从句的连词除了when，while，as，before，after等之外，名词短语every time，each time，any time，next time，the first time，all the time，the morning，the afternoon，the evening，the day，the month，the year，the moment，the instant，the second，the minute以及副词immediately，instantly，directly等都可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。Please let him phone me immediately he comes back.请让他一回来就给我打电话。

2．as引导让步状语从句时，从句必须要部分倒装 Old as he is，he is still energetic.尽管他上了年纪却还是精力充沛。

Much as you suspected him，you couldn’t provide powerful evidence.虽然你非常怀疑他，但是你却无法提供有力的证据。3．so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别

so that引导目的状语从句，表示某种可能性，是主观意念，从句中往往含有may，can，might或could等情态动词；so that引导的结果状语从句，表示客观事实，从句里没有表目的的情态动词，一般要用逗号与主句隔开，从句只能放在主句后。

He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back could hear him.他说话的声音很高，以便让后面的同学能听见。(目的)He spoke at the top of his voice，so that the students at the back heard him.他说话的声音很高，结果后面的同学都听见了。(结果)4．providing/provided/supposing/given(that)等引导的条件状语从句 Supposing(that)I don’t have a day off，what shall we do？ 假如我没有一天假期，那我们该怎么办？

1．________ you recognise ________ an idiom is being used，you can easily misunderstand the meaning of a sentence.(2017·盐城景山中学调研，34)A．If；that

C．Unless；when

答案 C 解析 句意为：除非你意识到什么时候使用习语，否则你很容易误解一个句子的意思。unless“除非”，表示条件，相当于if...not；第二个空所填词引导宾语从句，根据句意，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。故选C项。

2．Jack appreciated his teachers’ help ________ he couldn’t find ways to express his gratitude.(2017·盐城亭湖中学段考，25)A．as if

C．so that

答案 B 解析 句意为：杰克感激他老师的帮助，尽管他找不到方法来表达他的感激之情。even though即使，尽管，虽然，符合句意。as if好像，仿佛；so that以便，所以；now that既然，由于。3．—Someone wants you on the phone.B．even though D．now that B．When；where D．Until；why —________ nobody knows I am here.(2017·丹阳高级中学期中，25)A．Although

C．So

答案 D 解析 句意为：——有人给你打电话。——但是没有人知道我在这儿。根据句子意思可知，前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选D项。

4．For successful people in the world，they always find brightness in the bad situation.________ others see a closed door，they see an open window.(2017·溧水高级中学二模，34)A．What

C．Where

答案 C 解析 句意为：对于世界上的成功人士来说，他们总能在困境中找到光明。在别人看见关着门的地方，他们会看到一扇开着的窗。where引导地点状语从句，符合句意。

5．Many homeless people，________ not mentally ill，simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around.(2017·南京学情调研，23)A．when

C．as

答案 D 解析 句意为：许多无家可归的人虽然精神正常，但缺乏让自己的日常生活彻底改变的生存技能。分析句子成分可知，本题为让步状语从句。结合句意可知while符合。

6．You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow ________ you keep it tidy and clean.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，28)A．for fear that

C．on condition that

答案 C 解析 句意为：你明天可以用这个房间举行俱乐部活动，条件是你得保持房间的整洁干净。for fear that担心，害怕，引导目的状语从句；so that为的是，因此，引导目的或结果状语从句；even if尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。on condition that如果，在„„的条件下，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选C项。

7．While working in Kunming，he checked the weather each morning for months ________ he

B．so that D．even if B．if D．while B．How D．When B．And D．But realized it would be the same every day.(2017·南京三模，33)A．when

C．before

答案 C 解析 句意为：在昆明工作的时候，他连续几个月每天早上查看天气预报后才意识到每天的天气都差不多。before做„„事后才„„。

8．________ the arguments，it’s necessary to consider the contributions Hong Kong Disneyland has made in lifting the number of tourists.(2017·扬州期末，23)A．Whatever

C．However

答案 A 解析 句意为：无论争论是什么，考虑到香港迪士尼乐园在提升游客人数方面已经做出的贡献是必要的。让步状语从句Whatever the arguments相当于Whatever the arguments are。所以答案为A。

9．One has reason to believe that China’s anticorruption over the past few years，________，has achieved inspiring progress.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，30)A．tough as it is

C．so tough it is

答案 A 解析 句意为：人们有理由相信中国的反腐败在过去的几年里尽管进行得很艰难，但已经取得了鼓舞人心的进展。as引导让步状语从句时，用部分倒装结构，即名词(单数时零冠词)/形容词/副词＋as＋主语＋谓语(动词)。故选A项。

10．How come every kid today is meant to be a champion for something ________ we know every kid can’t be a star？(2017·苏北六市联考，23)A．in case

C．when

答案 C 解析 句意为：既然我们知道不是每一个孩子都能成为明星，那为什么现在的每个孩子都必须是某个方面的优胜者呢？in case如果，引导条件状语从句；as if好像，引导表语从句或方式状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。when在此处表示“既然”，符合句意。故选

B．as if D．unless B．as tough as it is D．as it is tough B．Whichever D．Whenever B．after D．since C项。

11．________ you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times，loving your parents is a normal and satisfying part of life.(2017·南通一模，26)A．Even if

C．As though

答案 A 解析 句意为：尽管有的时候你认为父母很刻薄，但是敬爱父母是生活中很正常而且令人有满足感的事情。even if尽管；now that既然；as though仿佛，好像；in case以防，万一。故选A项。

12．The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year，new figures show，________ families saw a rise in female breadwinners.(2017·南京、盐城二模，24)A．if

C．because

答案 B 解析 句意为：新的数据表明，随着家庭中挣钱养家的女性数量的上升，全职父亲的数量也在去年创出了新高。if引导条件状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；though引导让步状语从句。as随着„„，引导时间状语从句，故选B项。

13．We should protect our environment from being polluted ________ our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.(2016·苏锡常镇四市二模，28)A．as if

C．even if

答案 B 解析 句意为：我们应该保护我们的环境免受污染，这样我们的下一代就可以享受蔚蓝的天空，过健康的生活。as if好像；so that以便，为的是；even if即使；in case以防万一。故选B。14．His injuries were severe.Five minutes late，______ he would have died.(2016·扬州一模，31)A．but

C．so

答案 D 解析 祈使句＋连词＋陈述句＝If引导的条件句＋主句。如果原句中的连词是and，那么可以转换成一个肯定的条件句；如果原句中的连词是or，可以转换成一个否定的祈使句。句意

B．or D．and B．so that D．in case B．as D．though B．Now that D．In case 为：他的伤很严重，如果再晚五分钟，他就会死掉。本句可以转换成：If it had been five minutes late，he would have died.。

15．Modern science has found that ________ one is using chopsticks，over 30 joints and over 50 muscles are used，which is a favorable stimulation to the brain.(2016·苏北四市质量抽测，26)A．since

C．unless

答案 D 解析 since因为；although虽然；unless除非；while当„„时候。句意为：现代科学发现，当人在用筷子时，有30个关节和50块肌肉共同作用，这对于大脑来说是个有利的刺激。16．She felt totally hopeless about the future ________ one day she learned about a charity which provided microloan to women to start business.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模，32)A．until

C．unless

答案 A 解析 句意为：她对将来感到彻底绝望了，直到有一天她得知有个慈善机构能给开始创业的妇女提供微贷。until直到„„为止，引导时间状语从句；once一旦，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句；when引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知，选A。17．________ we never get entirely knocked out of the game，hope always remains.(2016·扬州一模，28)A．Although

C．Even though

答案 B 解析 句意为：只要我们没有完全被淘汰出游戏，就总会有希望。although尽管；so long as只要；even though尽管；unless如果不，除非。根据句意可知上下文之间是条件关系，所以使用so long as引导这个从句。

18．I see no reason why they shouldn’t go on playing basketball for another four or five years ________ they are fit enough.(2016·南通、扬州、泰州二模，26)A．unless

C．though

答案 D

B．so that D．providing that B．So long as D．Unless B．once D．when B．although D．while 解析 句意为：假如他们足够健康，我找不出他们不应该再打四五年篮球的理由。unless除非；so that以便，结果；though尽管；providing that假如，以„„为条件。故D正确。19．Peter bought a map as soon as he got to Los Angeles ________ he lost his way there.A．as though

C．even if

答案 D 解析 句意为：彼得一到洛杉矶就买了一张地图，以免在那里迷路。as though好像；now that既然；even if即使；in case以防，以免，符合语境。故选D项。20．True friends are those who are always there ________ you are rich or poor.A．however

C．when

答案 D 解析 句意为：真正的朋友是那些无论你贫穷还是富有都在你身边的人。whether...or无论„„还是，符合句意，故选D。

篇3：状语从句的用法

一、时间状语从句

该从句常由以下连接词引导:when,as,while,before,after,since,till(until),as soon as,the moment,no sooner...than,hardly...when...

1.when引导的从句,主从句的动作可同时发生,也可先于主句动作发生。例如:

I was going out when he came.

As the sun rose,the fog dispersed.

2.as引导的从句表示“当……时”或“一边……一边……”,主从句的动作同时发生。例如:

Will you drop it as you go past the post?

As they walked along the road,they sang happily.

3.while引导的从句表示“当……过程中”,强调某段时间主从句的动作同时发生。例如:

Keep an eye on my sister while I am away.

While we were watching TV,he came in.

4.before引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。例如:

I didn’t know any English before I came here.

I had written my letter before she came back.

5.after引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如:

After he locked the door he left.

After he had finished his work,he played a game.

6.since引导的从句表示“自从……”,从句用过去时,主句用现在完成时。如果主句不是延续动作而是目前状态,可用一般现在时。例如:

Since he entered the university,he has made great progress.

It is ten years since he joined the party.

7.till(until)引导的从句表示“直到……”或“直到……才”。例如:

They worked till it was dark.

She didn’t go home until she had reviewed her lessons.

8.as soon as引导的从句表示“一……就……”,no sooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when表示“刚……就……”。例如:

As soon as he came here,he began to read English.

He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.

二、原因状语从句

该从句常用because,since,as等连接词引导。例如:

I didn’t do it because I was angry.

Since you are free,you’d better help me with my English.

三、地点状语从句

该从句常由where,wherever等连接词引导。例如:

I will go where work conditions are difficult.

Wherever you are,you should work for people.

四、条件状语从句

该从句常由if,unless,so(as)long as等连接词或连接词组引导。例如:

If I go to Nanjing,would you like to come along?

You may use it so long as you will return it on time.

五、比较或方式状语从句

该从句常由as...as,than,the...the...,as(正如),as if等引导。例如:

I am as tall as you,but you are stronger than I.

The more you practice,the more you will get.

六、目的状语从句

该从句常由that,so that,in order that,lest等引导。例如:

I’ll show you so you can see how it’s down.

We must hurry off lest we should miss the bus.

七、结果状语从句

该从句常由so that,so/such...that(如此……以至)等连接词引导。例如:

She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed.

It was such a cold night that we stayed at home.

八、让步状语从句

该从句常由though(although),even if,however,whatever,no matter how等连接词或连接词组引导。例如:

Wherever he is,he will be thinking of you.

So don’t lose heart,whatever you do.

参考文献

[1]薄冰.英语语法[M].开明出版社,2007(12).

篇4：定语从句的状语功能与译法

【关键词】定语从句；状语功能；译法

一、引言

定语从句是高中语法教学的重要组成部分，也是高职英语教学的重要组成部分，这在历年来的成考英语中都有体现。定语从句的教学既是重点也是难点所在，但是职业院校学生英语基础差，语法知识薄弱，往往在定语从句的语法学习中很难把握，笔者从定语从句的状语功能与译法入手，以期能加深职业院校学生对定语从句的理解。

所谓定语从句，就是用作定语的从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或者代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词叫做关系代词或关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。从语法结构功能上来说，定语从句是修饰名词和代词的从句，是形容词性从句，但是在我们的实际应用过程中又可以发现，在某些方面它又起着副词性从句的作用，这些从句在语法结构上虽然是定语从句的功能，但是在交际功能上却兼具着状语从句的功能，这类型的定语从句在意义上与主句有着一定的逻辑状语关系，意义翻译上可以翻译成原因、时间、条件、结果、目的、让步作用的状语从句，甚至有的语法书上把这些类型的定语从句叫做“状语化定语从句”。

二、功能与译法

（一）定语从句表达时间的功能与译法

1.Mary， who was waiting her boyfriend at the front door of the shopping mall， saw all the happenings of that accident.

Mary在商场门口等她的男朋友时，目击了那次事故的全过程。

2.My grandfather had the honour of shaking hands with Mr Deng Xiaoping， who visited Shenzhen in 1992.

1992年邓小平视察深圳时，我爷爷荣幸地与他握了手。

像这种表达时间功能的定语从句，其语义功能与when， while引导的时间状语从句不尽相同，我们在翻译的时候可以加上汉语表示时间顺序关系的词语。在上面的例句中：

who was waiting = when she was waiting

who visited = when he visited

（二）定语从句表达原因的功能与译法

1.I will pardon him who is honest.

我愿意宽恕他，因为他是诚实的。

2.We will put off the picnic until next week， when the weather may be better.

我们打算把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能转好。

3.Tom， who broke the campus regulations many times at school， is said to be expelled from school.

Tom违反校规多次，据说要被学校开除。

像这类表达原因功能的定语从句，从句与主句之间所表达的是原因上的逻辑关系，在翻译时可用because， since， as等来改写，翻译时可以加上这些连词的中文意思。不论是限定性还是非限定性定语从句，都可译出原因。如上面所示例句：

who is honest = because he is honest

when the weather may be better. = because the weather may be better

（下转第37页）

（上接第36页）

who broke the campus regulations many times at school = because he broke the campus regulations many times at school

（三）定语从句表达目的的功能与译法

1、Many people prefer to do some sports after work， such as basketball and tennis， which they can relax themselves and enjoy with others.

许多人喜欢在下班后从事体育运动，比如打篮球和网球，这样他们能得到放松并且和他人一起享受这些活动。

2.The white whales were given some small fishes by the trainers who wanted these cute animals to perform better in the show.

驯兽师们为了让这些白鲸在表演中表现的更加好，给了他们一些小鱼吃。

在定语从句表达目的意义功能的句子译法上，这些从句在语义上与so that， in order that引导的目的状语从句相近。在翻译这种类型的定语从句时可以加上表示目的关系的词语，比如为了、以便等。如以上例句中：

which they can relax themselves and enjoy with others = in order that they can relax themselves and enjoy with others.

who wanted these cute animals to perform better in the show = so that these cute animals can perform better in the show.

（四）定语从句表达程度或结果的功能与译法

1.Many areas along The Yangtze River in China were hit by an unprecedented flood in 1998， which caused severe losses there.

中国长江沿岸许多地区在1998年遭受了一场前所未有的干旱，结果给那些地区造成了巨大损失。

2.There are something original， independent about the advertisement that pleased all the audience.

这个广告富有创意别出心裁，所以观众都很喜欢。

像此类表达程度或结果功能的定语从句，在翻译时可以加上汉语表示结果关系的词语，比如结果、所以等。如以上例句中：

which caused severe losses there（结果给那些地区造成了巨大损失）

that pleased all the audience.（所以观众都很喜欢）

（五）定语从句表达条件从句的功能与译法

1.Those who are in favor please hold up your hands.

如果赞成，就请你举手。

2.A person who does not do his duty will not succeed in his life.

要是当一个人不能尽其职责，他在生活中是不会取得成功的。

此类在功能上表达条件从句的定语从句虽然在句子结构上用来修饰主句的主语、宾语或者表语，但是在逻辑上却是用来说明主句中动作或状态发生的条件。这种表达条件从句的定语从句既可以表示真实条件也可以表示假设或推测，翻译的方法根据其所表达条件的不同而不同。如果是表达真实条件的，在翻译时可加上汉语的如果、只要等词语。如果表达的是一种假设或者推测，定语从句往往要用虚拟语气来表达，翻译时可加上汉语的假如、要是等词语。如上面所示例句：

Who = if you （表达是一种真实条件，翻译时加上‘如果）

Who = if a person does not do his duty （ 表达的是一种假设，翻译时可加上‘要是）

（六）定语从句表达让步从句的功能与译法

1、Andy insisted on buying another new car， which he had no use for at present.

Andy坚持要再买一辆新车，尽管他目前并无此需要。

2.Robots， which have many advantages， cannot take the place of human beings.

尽管机器人有很多优点，但他们不能代替人类。

诸如此类表达让步意义功能的定语从句，在语义上与though， although引导的让步状语从句大致上相同，在翻译的时候可加上如虽然、尽管等表示让步关系的词语。如以上例句中：

which he had no use for at present = though he had no use for at present

which have many advantages = though they have many advantages

（七）定语从句表达对照的功能与译法

1.Mary， who did a great job in the middle exam， did so badly in the final exam.

Mary期中考试成绩良好，但是期末考试却考得很糟糕。

2.The Sky， which was bright in the morning， was dark and threatening in the afternoon.

天空早上还是阳光明媚，然而到了下午却乌云密布了。

此类表达对照意义功能的定语从句，意义上具有转折的含义，在翻译的时候可以加上汉语表示转折的词语，如但是、然而等。如以上例句中：

did so badly in the final exam = （‘但是期末考试却考得很糟糕）

was dark and threatening in the afternoon = （‘然而到了下午却乌云密布了）

三、结语

综上所述，我们可以看出定语从句不单是可以用来修饰名词或者代词的形容词性从句，在不同的情况下定语从句有着不同的内涵，在逻辑意义上可起着主句的原因、时间、条件、结果、目的、让步等作用。因此，对于这样一个有着丰富语言表达形式的状语化定语从句应当在教学中给以足够的重视。只有在教学过程中教师充分分析句子结构内部的含义，学生才能在学习过程中完整、正确地理解此类型定语从句所表达的意思，才能更好地掌握定语从句。

【参考文献】

[1]刘重德.文学翻译十讲[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1991

[2]张迪.英语语法疑点与难点手册[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2003：364-365

[3]杨禾.浅析英汉定语从句的翻译[J].中国校外教育.2010（S2）

[4]张敏.浅议英语定语从句的状译法[J].校园英语（教研版）2011（08）

篇5：并列句与状语从句

（一）译成前置定语

（二）后置并列分句

（三）溶合译法

（四）译成状语

 The traders wanted safe access to large quantities of Oriental spices, which the European world had come to like, and which people needed for presenting food in days before the introduction of cold storage.商人们想平安无事地获取大量的东方香料，这些香料已经为欧洲人所喜爱，而且在没有发明 冷藏法的当时，香料也是人们储藏食品所必须的。

 I had seldom met an American who served in China during World War II who had not known Zhou Enlai.二战期间曾在中国工作过却不认识周恩来的美国人很少见。 译成前置定语：

 This is the soldier who just returned from the front.译文：这是刚从前线回来的战士。

 To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to those of people who need them.译文：诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。

 In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。 Chemistry deals with changes in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.译文：化学是研究物质变化的，这种变化的结果能够形成新的物质。

 This will be epoch-making revolution in China’s social productive forces which will lay down the material foundation for the socialist and communist mode of production. 译文：这将是中国社会生产力方面一次划时代的革命，将为社会主义与共产主义的生产方式打下物质基础。

 He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didn’t like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。 后置并列分句

 The minor internal motions of the atmosphere, which was known as winds, depart only in a small way from the movement of this envelope as a whole.译文：大气微小的内部运动，即我们所说的风，仅与整个大气围层的运动稍微不太一致。

 But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.听着，我遇到一个人，他说你能解决这个问题。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

 The book is prepared for examples for writing compositions, which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。

 Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas.日过来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热，发光的气体。

 She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.他对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。 Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心与创造力，而这正是这一领域获得成功的关键。 溶合译法

 原文：There is nothing that does not contain contradiction;without contradiction, nothing would exist.译文：没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的，没有矛盾就没有世界。 原文：Aluminum alloys which are much lighter than steel and some of which are even stronger than steel is widely used in the aircraft industry.译文：铝合金比钢轻很多，有的强度比钢还要大，因而在飞机工业上使用广泛。

 原文：He has a son of twenty who is now at the college.译文：他有个二十岁的儿子正在上大学。

 原文：This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader.译文：这是我第一次与领导发生严重纠葛。

 There are many people who want to select this major.许多人要选这个专业。

 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。 You are the only person who could do it.只有你才能做这件事。 译成状语

 The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.译文：由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称为电脑。（原因）

 Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。（条件）

 They were a part of his pride and glory, which is fading into failure in his helpless hands.他们属于他的骄傲与荣耀，虽然如今这些正在化为泡影，他却无可奈何。（让步）

 Each tour will be escorted by English speaking interpreters who will help the visitors to obtain information about what you are seeing.每次游览都有英语翻译陪同，以帮助来宾了解参观点的情况。以便来宾更好地了解与欣赏各个景点。（目的）

 There is a most high temperature at the sun’s centre, where all the substances are impossible to be in the form of liquids or solids.太阳中心的温度极高，那里的一切物质都不可能以液体或者固体的形式存在。综合练习：

 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits.在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。 I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known.我一直在竭力摆脱一种生活，该换另一种生活，但我说该换的生活并不见得比我原先的生活好。

 We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的某些标志。

 There occurred the Great Earthquakes of 1923 in Japan, which caused a serious damage of property and a great loss of lives.1923年，日本发生了大地震，造成了巨大的财产损失与严重的人员伤亡。

 He showed no further wish for conversation with Mr.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再与史密斯先生讲话，因为他现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

 He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.他坚持要再买一座房子都与，尽管他并没有这样的需要。

 They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们试图去剿灭这次起义，但其却以更加迅猛的速度发展到了全国各地。

 A driver who is driving a bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司机在开车时，不能喝别人谈话，也不能走神。 In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines, and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.译文：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互间密切联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

 原文：Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 译文：沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。状语从句的翻译

一、按照原文顺序译出

 If you don’t mind, I’ll turn off the heating.译文：如果你不介意，我就把暖气关了。

 Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在修建大批的水电站。

 Though he was defeated in the election, he became famous for his fiery speeches against slavery.虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出名。

二、状语从句译在主句之前

 She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business.译文：除非她有急事，她一定会来。 I will never give in, no matter what happens.译文：不管怎么样，我永远不会屈服。

三、状语从句转译成其他的状语从句 Why did you give up when you could make it? 译文：既然你能成功，干吗要放弃呢？ If you can come, I’ll be only too glad.译文：你能来，我就太高兴了。

 Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.在体力做不到的时候，技巧与耐心会帮助人成功。（地点-时间） Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution.如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命（让步-条件）

四、状语从句译成非状语从句  The boy shouted as he ran.译文：那个男孩一边跑一边喊。

 The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.译文：猴子正感到有点害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。 They asked her to stay where she was.译文：他们让她待在原处。

 The greedy official dared to accept any presents, whoever sent him.译文：无论是谁送给他们的礼品，这些贪官都敢收。 You may do as you please.译文：你愿意怎么做都行。

名词性从句的翻译 英语名词性从句包括：  主语从句  宾语从句  表语从句  同位语从句

一、主语从句(一)“It+被动语态+that从句”

 It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December.据报道吗，这个峰会将在12月举行。

 It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well;but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能够到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。(二)“It+谓语（表语）+that”句型

A.It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply.很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。

B.It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。(三)由“what, whatever, whoever, when, whether”等引导出的主语从句通常可按正常语序译出。

 What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。

 Whatever was said must be kept secret.这里说的每句话都应当保密。

 Who will monitor the class is not decided yet.谁当班长还没决定。

二、宾语从句(一)普通句型

以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时，词序一般不变。① I haven’t made up my mind as to what elective courses I’m to take next term.译文：我还没决定下学期上什么选修课。

② This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.译文：这表明可能出现了意外情况。(二)用it作形式宾语的句子。

① I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.译文：我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。

② I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m.译文：我给学生讲明，他们必须在上午11点前交作业。(三)英语中有时为了修辞强调，把宾语从句置于主句前，汉译时，也可遵从修辞效果，顺序译出。例： ① Whether they like it or not, I don’t care.译文：他们喜不喜欢，我可不管。

②What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.译文：让他们十天做的事，他两天就做完了。

三、表语从句

 That’s what we should do.这是我们该做的。

 The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last? 译文：今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？  If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.(Newton）

要说我比别人望得远了一点，那是因为我已经站在了巨人的肩膀上。

 That is why the “know-all” is ridiculous.万事通之所以可笑，原因就在于这个地方。

 That’s why she is so happy.如此高兴的原因就在这里。

 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature and so on.译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

四、同位语从句  There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.毫无疑问他能胜任这项工作。

 They marvel at the fact that China did it all on its own.译文：他们对这个事实感到十分惊讶——所有一切都是中国凭自己的力量完成的。

 But the idea that the journalists must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 新闻记者应该比普通公民更懂法律，这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确定的规约与特殊责任的理解之上的。

汉语特殊句式翻译

一、连动式

谓语由两个或者两个以上的动词构成，在动词短语中没有停顿，也没有关联词语，两个动词短语共用一个主语(一)用分词与不定式等非谓语动词来翻译次要动词，如：

1．我们花很少的钱就能够买到一份日报。

译文：We spend very little money buying a piece of daily.2.市政府于去年底启动了一项“净空”工程，关闭了大气污染严重的企业。

译文：The municipal government started an air-decontamination project at the end of last year, closing the enterprises that cause heavy pollutions.(二)用英语的介词短语表达汉语中的动词概念，如：

我将乘飞机离开北京。

译文：I will leave Beijing by plane.(三)用英语“and”连接词来连接几个动作。

例：从社会总体、长远的利益出发，政府可以运用税收、转移支付等方式适当调节收入分配差距，扶助弱势群体，维护整个社会的与谐、稳定。

译文：From the society as a whole and long-term profit perspectives, the government can use tax or transfer payment to appropriately adjust the difference of income distribution so as to help the weak and maintain harmony and stability of the society.二、兼语式

“兼语式” 指其“谓语是由一个动宾结构与一个主谓短语套在一起构成的，谓语中前一个动宾结构兼作后一个主谓结构的主语”。(一)根据英语的SVOC（主语+谓语+宾语+补语）句型把汉语兼语式的第二个动词译作英语的宾语补足语（不定式、介词短语、形容词、介词、副词、分词或名词来充当）。例如： 例1：我等他来。

译文：I am waiting for him to come.例2：国际社会呼吁交战双方早日达成停火协议。

译文：The international community appealed to the warring sides for an earliest possible cease-fire agreement．(二)利用英语中表示“致使”、“促成”意义的动词，翻译汉语兼语式谓语。

例1：疼痛使他喊出了声。译文：The pain made him cry out.例2：这些项目具有技术起点高、经济效益好、市场潜力大、发展后劲足等特点，能够使投资者获得可观的效益。

译文：With a solid technical basis, sound economic efficiency, great market potential and bright prospective, these projects will secure good economic results for the investors．(三)兼语式的第一个动词为“表扬”、“称赞”、“埋怨”、“责怪”、“批评”等时，往往可将第二个动词译成英语中表示原因的状语从句或状语性短语。

原文：那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。

译文：The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism．(四)很多情况下，兼语式的英译需根据上下文与英语习惯灵活处理。

原文：我劝你还是投案自首，以求宽大处理。

译文：You’d better surrender yourself to the police in the hope of being accorded lenient treatment．

三、“是”字句 1.译为英语连系动词be 例1.改革是振兴中国的唯一出路。

译文：Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized.例2.那年月，有钱人是天天过年。

译文：In those years, the rich people’s extravagance was such that everyday was a Spring Festival.例3.是党与政府的正确方针与政策，促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。

译文：It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of China’s vast rural areas.2.省略“是”字

例1.武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市，是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。

译文：Wuhan, a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological center of Hubei Province.例2.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力水平总的还比较低。

译文：As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole.例3.工业企业效益差是当前许多矛盾的症结所在。

译文：All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns.3.译为被动语态

例1.革命者是杀不完的。

译文：Revolutionaries can never be wiped out.例2.这双皮鞋是定做的。

译文：This pair of leather shoes are custom-made.例3.这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要的。译文：This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry.4.根据“是”的实际意义翻译

例1.创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。

译文：Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.例2.这是大势所趋，人心所向。

译文：This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.四、“得”字句

1.用情态助动词翻译“得”字 例1.她的英语讲得好。译文：She can speak English well.例2.你干得了这件事吗？ 译文：Can you do it? 例3.他看得出两者的差别。

译文：He was able to see the difference between the two.2.用词法手段翻译“得”字 例1.这个人靠得住吗? 译文：Is the man reliable ? 例2.这个道理讲得通。译文：The reason is acceptable.3.用固定结构翻译“得”字

例1.地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。

译文：The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed.例2.不要高兴得忘乎所以。

译文：Don’t be so happy as to forget everything.例3.天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。

译文：It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath.例4.这些苹果酸得不能吃。译文：These apples are too sour to eat.4.省略“得”字

例1.他们俩人很合得来。

译文：Both of them got well along with each other.例2.学生们听课听得很入神。

译文：The students listened to the lecture attentively.例3.你来得正是时候。译文：You came in the nick of time.例4.游客们玩得很开心。

译文：The visitors had a wonderful time.例5.这件事情做得非常出色。译文：It’s exceedingly well done.五、“把”字句 1.译为被动句

例1.他所做的一切把我感动得流下了眼泪。

译文：I was moved to tears by what he had done.例2.把这些救灾物资送到洪灾区是当前的第一要务。

译文：It is currently the first and foremost thing that these disaster-relief supplies should be dispatched to the flood-stricken areas.例3.隆隆的大炮声把傀儡军吓坏了。

译文：The puppet soldiers were frightened to death by the rumbling of cannons.2.bring sb./sth.adv 句型

该句式表达的是“把某人/某事带到某个程度或地方”，比如： bring you here（把你带到这里来，带你来这），bring them up（把他们抚养长大）。3.get sb./sth.done 句型

该句式表达的是“把某人/某事怎么样”，比如： get things done（把事情做完），get it started（把某机器之类的东西开动起来，开始某个行为做某事），get sb.killed（把某人给杀了）get sb.accused（把某人给告了）。4.have sth.done 句型，比如： have the hair cut（把头发剪了）have the machine repaired（把机器修好）5.make sb./sth.done/adj 句型

“使动动词”引导的句型很多都是把字句（不局限于动词make，所有包含使动意味的动词均可）。比如，make me confused（把我搞糊涂了），make it clean/clear（把它弄干净/清楚）

cut it short（把它裁短一些，说话简短些，消减一些成本），drive me crazy/mad（把我逼疯）， knock me down（把我撞倒）， lock him up/away（把他锁起来，把他锁住带走）， shut the mouth up（把嘴给闭上）， shut it down（把电脑/工厂/店铺等关闭）， turn it up/down（把音量等调高/调低）。6.take sth.for 与 take sb.adv 句型

take sth.for 句式表达的是“把某事当作，把某事视为”（类似的，还有mistake sb./sth.for 句式），take sb.adv 句式表达的是“把某人怎么样”，比如： take it for granted = take it for（it is）granted 表示“把某个行为或做法当成是理所当然的，拿走某物时想当然地认为它已经获得对方的批准或同意”，take him down表示“把某人摆平，把某人干掉，让某人倒下，杀掉某人”。

六、“搞”字句 1.译为动词或动词短语

“搞”最常见的意义是“做”、“干”、“弄”、“从事”、“进行”等，因此可用do, get, make, work, practise, engage in, go in for等来翻译。例1.搞字对字的翻译常常是行不通的。

译文：It is often unacceptable to do a word-to-word translation.例2.这事没啥搞头。

译文：There’s no point in doing that.例3.他俩合起来搞我。

译文：The two of them joined in making things difficult for me.例4.中国现在实行对外开放、对内搞活的政策。

译文：China is now implementing the policy of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy.例4.我们想搞水果蔬菜生意。

译文：We are thinking of starting up in the fruit and vegetable trade.例6.他一心要把对手搞臭。

译文：He is bent on discrediting his opponent.2.译为其他词类

例1.你们在搞什么名堂? 译文：What are you up to ? 例2.我们的国家大，人口众多，经济落后，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要调动农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。

译文：Agricultural advance in so vast a country, with such a large population and backward economy as in China, requires above all else mobilizing the initiative of peasants to work hard and self-reliantly.3.省略“搞”字

例1.我们确定搞两个开放：一个是对内开放，一个是对外开放。

译文：We have decided on an open policy in two respects: namely, to open up both externally and internally.例2.但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。译文：But there had been too much publicity about my case.例3.我们必须一心一意搞建设。

译文：We must concentrate on economic development.例4.这工作不好搞。译文：This is a difficult job.4.译为被动句

例：能不能尽快把科技搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。