四川省成都七中2014届高三语文 乌有先生历险记课文

四川省成都七中2014届高三语文 乌有先生历险记课文（通用4篇）

篇1：四川省成都七中2014届高三语文 乌有先生历险记课文

四川省成都七中2014届高三语文乌有先生历险记课文

①乌有先生者，中山布衣也。年且七十，艺桑麻五谷以为生，不欲与俗人齿，毁誉不存乎心，人以达士目之。海阳亡是公，高士也，年七十有三矣，惟读书是务。朝廷数授以官，不拜，曰：“边鄙野人，不足充小吏。”公素善先生，而相违期年未之见已，因亲赴中山访焉。

②二叟相见大说。先生曰：“公自遐方来，仆无以为敬，然敝庐颇畜薄酿，每朔望辄自酌，今者故人来，盖共饮诸?”于是相与酣饮，夜阑而兴未尽也。翼日，先生复要公饮，把酒论古今治乱事，意快甚，不觉以酩酊醉矣。薄莫，先生酒解，而公犹僵卧，气息惙然，呼之不省，大惊，延邻医脉之。医曰：“殆矣!微司命，孰能生之?愚无所用其技矣。”先生靡计不施，迄无效，益恐，与老妻计曰：“故人过我而死焉，无乃不可乎!雅闻百里外山中有子虚长者，世操医术，人咸以今之仓、鹊称之。诚能速之来，则庶几白骨可肉矣。惟路险，家无可遣者，奈之何!”老妻曰：“虽然，终当有以活之。妾谓坐视故人死，是倍义尔，窃为君不取也。夫败义以负友，君子之所耻。孰若冒死以救之?”先生然之，曰：“卿言甚副吾意，苟能活之，何爱此身?脱有祸，固当不辞也。”遂属老妻护公，而躬自策驴夜驰之山中。

③时六月晦，手信而指弗见，窥步难行，至中夜，道未及半。未几，密云蔽空，雷电交加。先生欲投村落辟焉，叩门而人皆弗之内，方踌躇间，雨暴至。旋忆及曩昔尝过此，村外有一兰若，遂借电光觅得之。入其门，登其陛，见殿扉虚掩，有小隙，将入。倏然迅雷大作，电光烨烨，洞烛殿堂，则见一缢妇县梁柱间，被发诎颈，状甚惨。先生卒惊，还走宇下，心犹悸焉。俄见寺门大辟，一女鬼跃掷而入，惊雷破壁，电闪不绝。先生自念：得无缢妇为之与?于电光下孰视之，则女鬼满面血污，抱一死婴，且顾且号，若有奇冤而无所愬者。先生冯驴伏，屏息不敢少动。已而，驴惊鸣，女鬼觉之，怒目先生，欲进复却者三。先生胆素壮，自思：人言遇鬼则死，死亦不过为鬼耳，何惧为?遂执策厉声曰：“女鬼邪，抑人邪?”女鬼凄 1

然长啸，森然欲搏之。先生毛发上指，急击之以策，中鬼首，立仆。乃引驴奔寺外，疾驰而去。

④质明始霁，罢甚，然念及亡是公存亡莫卜，欲蚤至山中，不敢息。逾午，始入山，山口有茅店，询之，知长者居山之阴，而连山纵横，略无阙处，遂以驴寄逆旅主人家而徒焉。山行十里许，忽闻丛林中一声呼哨，斯须而强人列陈阻于前，为首者庞然修伟，黑面多须。从者无虑数十骑，而步卒百余继其后，皆披甲执兵。其一吼曰：“大王在，胡不跪!”先生趋避不及，遂就禽。为首者下马坐巨石上，两展其足，案剑瞋目，声如乳虎，曰：“汝来前!孤，山主也。据山称雄，尔来十余载矣，官军不敢犯孤境。尔何物狂夫，擅入吾寨，其欲血孤刀乎？”先生蛇行匍匐以进，跽而泣曰：“请诉之，愿大王垂听。小人中山布衣也，友人病危，吾不忍坐视其死，入山诣子虚长者，以延友人之命，仓皇不能择路，是以误入大寨，罪当死。身死固不足惜，特以不得延医活友为恨耳，惟大王哀之。”言已，涕如雨下。为首者曰，“然则，君义士也。”顾谓徒属曰：“杀义士，不祥莫大焉。释之，以成其志，且劝好义者!”又谓先生曰：“吾等虽啸聚山林，非草寇之比，君勿惧。子虚长者，仁人也，居山之阴，君须跻山之颠而北下，始得至其家。速诣之，以救乃友；然长者每采药于千山万壑间，吾辈亦鲜遇之，虞君不得见耳。”先生再拜致谢而后去。

⑤进，山益深，失路。先生缘鸟道，披荆棘，援藤葛，履流石，涉溪涧，越绝壁，登之弥高，行之弥远，力竭而未克上。忽见虎迹，大如升，少顷闻巨啸，四山响震，林泉战栗。声裁止，而饿虎见于林莽间，眈眈相向。先生自分必死，叹曰：“不意今乃捐躯此兽之口!”

⑥方瞑目俟死，闻虎惨叫，怪而视之，盖一矢已贯其喉矣。寻见一长者挟弓立崖上，衣短褐，著草履，不冠不袜，须眉悉白，颜色如丹，俨然类仙人。先生趣而前，拜谒长者，不敢慢。长者诘曰：“若何为者也?奚自?何所之?”先生具白所以及所从来。长者笑曰：“子虚者，吾之氏也。寒舍在迩，不可不入。” 2

遂引至其家，杀鸡为黍以食之。先生请曰：“事迫矣!乞长者速往，冀有万一之望。不者，时不逮矣。”长者询曰：“病者孰与君少长?”曰：“长仆四岁。”又问病状，曰：“毋庸忧!旦日，吾当与君具往。”先生言路险，恐迟滞时日。长者曰：“后山有坦途，抵中山，第半日耳。”侵晨，遂携药囊乘健驴与先生同行。无何，至山口，先生取己驴与长者并驱而循大道。涂经乡所入兰若，先生因述遇鬼事，指示曰：“此寺，吾之所遇鬼也。予当死之矣。”长者笑曰：“嘻!先生不亦惑乎!鬼神者，心之幻景耳，安能受人祸!足下知者，曷为信此哉?”适寺旁有田父五六人，辍耕坐陇上。长者偕先生就而问焉，并述向之所见。田父掩口胡卢而笑，曰：“君误矣!彼缢妇者，吾村王氏妾也，不为恶姑、嫡妇所容而自经焉。子所见女鬼者，吾村李氏妇也。家素贫，今岁饥，赋敛又重，衣食不给，夫新丧，其子昨又夭矣。妇抢呼欲绝，悲极而入邪魔，夜半病作，发其子之坟取尸以归。自言其首为寺鬼所伤。君无问，何由知其乃先生为也?”言已，皆大笑。

篇2：四川省成都七中2014届高三语文 乌有先生历险记课文

【例1】上海春季高考作文题： 古人曾写过这样的诗句：“一种春声浑难忘，最是长安课归时”，表现了对放学之后那欢快、嬉闹之声的深深怀恋。今天，我们周围的声音多得让人应接不暇，可是，哪一种采食真正牵动你内心深处的呢？是校园的课钟，还是窗外的风雨？是新岁的爆竹，还是梦中的短笛？或者，那是„„

要求：立意自定，文体自选（不要写成诗歌），题目自拟。【例2】阅读下面的材料，写一篇不少于800字的作文。“如果你把所有的错误都关在门外时，真理也就被关在门外。”——泰戈尔 “不要给我忠告，让我自己去犯错误。”——朗根尼西 “人们若想有所追求，就不能不犯错误。”——普朗克 【例3】高考山东卷作文题：

阅读下面这首诗，根据要求作文。

仰望星空的人/总以为星星就是宝石/晶莹，透亮，没有纤瑕/飞上星星的人知道/那儿有灰尘、石渣/和地球上一样复杂（雷抒雁《星星》）

这首诗可以产生不同的联想感悟。请根据你的联想或感悟写一篇文章。注意：①联想或感悟要与整首诗的寓意有关。②立意自定，题目自拟。

【例4】南太平洋的小岛上，有很多绿海龟孵化小龟的沙穴。一天黄昏，一只幼龟探头探脑地爬出来。一只老鹰直冲下来要叼走它。一位好心的游客发现了它，连忙跑过去赶走老鹰，护着小龟爬进大海。可是，意想不到的事情发生了，沙穴里成群的幼龟鱼贯而出——原来，先出来的那幼龟是个“侦察兵”，一旦遇到危险，它便缩回去，现在它安全到达大海，错误的信息使幼龟们争先恐后地爬到毫无遮挡的海滩。好心的游客走了，原先那只在等待时机的老鹰又飞回来了，其它老鹰也跟过来了。

要求选择一个角度构思作文。自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题；不要脱离材料内容及做含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。（08年全国卷Ⅱ）

【例5】课堂上，老师说：“今天我们来做个小实验。”随后，他拿出一个装满石块的玻璃广口瓶，放在讲台上，问道：“瓶子满了吗？”所有学生答：“满了！”“真的？”老师从桌下拿出一小桶沙子，慢慢倒进去，填满石块的间隙，“满了吗？”学生们若有所思。老师又拿过一壶水倒了进去，直到水面与瓶口持平。“这个实验说明了什么？”老师问道。课堂活跃起来。

一个学生说：“很多事情看起来达到了极限，实际上还存在很大空间。” 一个学生说：“顺序很重要。先放这桶沙子，有些石块肯定就放不进去了。” 一个学生说：“对，得先放石块。有些分量重的东西就得优先安排。” 一个学生说：“也不一定，先放沙子和水就一定不行吗？” „„

请就以上材料，展开联想，自定角度，写一篇文章。（08年高考北京卷）【例6】阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。英国科学家道尔顿送给妈妈一双袜子，妈妈说：“我这个年纪怎么能穿红袜子呢？”大家看到的都是红色而道尔顿看到的却是蓝色，他感到自己的色觉有问题，他研究了两年，与1794年发表了《视觉之异常》，将这种病症称为色盲症，填补了医学理论上的一项空白。

日本商人安藤百福看到拉面摊前常排长队，已经破产的他感到这是一个创业的机会，他买了面粉和食油，在小屋里每天干20个小时，试验了一年，于1958年发明了世界第一包方便面，这一产品开发带动了一个新的产业。

法国年轻的家务杂工乔利，不小心将灯油滴在熨烫的衣服上了，他只好白干一年来赔偿，后来他发现被煤油滴染的地方，不但没脏，反而把陈年污渍也清除了。这个发现促使他研制出干洗剂，改革了传统洗衣技术。

【例7】请以“踮起脚尖”为题写一篇作文。除诗歌外，文体不限。不少于800字。

【例8】请以“不要轻易说‘不’”为题写一篇作文，除诗歌外，文体不限。不少于800字。

【例9】当你走过一棵树，树枝低垂，你是随手把树枝折断丢弃，还是弯身而过？一只长了癣的流浪狗走近你，你是怜悯地避开，还是一脚踢过去？电梯门打开，你是谦抑地让人，还是霸道地推人？一个盲人和你并肩路口，绿灯亮了，你会搀那盲者一把吗？你与别人如何擦身而过？你怎样从小贩手中接过找来的零钱？你如何低头系上自己松了的鞋带？你，独处时如何与自己相处？

请根据对这段文字的理解，展开联想，思考如何对待自然，如何对待他人，如何对待自己。自选角度，以《举手投足之间》为题写一篇文章。

要求选准角度，明确立意，自选文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含义的范围作文，不得抄袭。

话题关键词：

（2）有一首歌唱道：我有一双隐形的翅膀，带我飞，给我希望。我有一双隐形的翅膀，带我飞，飞向远方。

请以“我有一双隐形的翅膀”作为题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

话题关键词：（3）阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

“弯道超越”本是赛车运动中的一个常见用语，意识是指车手利用弯道超越对手。弯道是每个车手都必须面对的，相对于直道而言，弯道上苦难大，变数多。过弯道时，原来领先的车手可能因为弯道而落后，而本来落后的车手也可能利用弯道超越对手。现在，这一用语已被赋予了新的内涵，并被广泛借用到政治、经济和社会生活的诸多方面。其中的“弯道”一般被理解为社会进程中的某些变化、超越人生道路上的一些关键点，这种特殊的阶段充满了各种变化的因素，极富风险与挑战，更蕴含着超越对手、超越自我的种种机遇。

上面的文字引发了你怎样的联想和感悟？请根据你的联想或感悟写一篇文章，不少于800字。话题关键词：（4）阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

暑假里，几个高中生一块儿回学校参加篮球训练。他们看到有个女孩蹲在街边，地上用白粉笔写着：前来旅游，钱包被偷，无钱吃饭和回家，求好心人帮帮我。

他们中的小赵动了心，在裤兜里摸出10元钱，放在女孩面前。走过去之后，小钱说：“谁出来旅游还带粉笔？善良落入了不诚信的圈套。” 小孙说：“别因他人行骗，自己放弃行善。” 小李说：“诚信？善良？彭宇救人成了被告，谁还敢善良啊？” 小周说：“矿工聂清文去救人，被困死在井下，人们在他的遗体旁发现一顶安全帽，上面用白粉笔写着他欠人家多少钱，这是最善良的人留下的最诚信的遗言。”

小吴说：“我提议，咱们训练后再回去看看，不管这个女孩说的是真是假，我们都得做些什么。”大家都说好。

要求选准角度，明确立意，自选文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含义的范围作文，不得抄袭。话题关键词：（5）“金庸茶馆”网站上的一则新闻，最近引起了人们的关注。一位笔名为“步非烟”的北大女研究生，在一次武侠作品的颁奖活动活动中放言“要革金庸的命”，写出新时代的武侠小说。尽管这位获奖的女作家后来做了解释，称“革命”不是打倒和背叛，只是希望超越的意思，但还是掀起了轩然大波。有人批评“步非烟”“蚍蜉撼大树，可笑不自量”，也有人认为她勇气可嘉，狂妄得可爱。

篇3：四川省成都七中2014届高三语文 乌有先生历险记课文

1．顾炎武说“尽天下一切之权而收之在上，而万几之广，因非一人所能操也，而权乃移于法。于是多为之法，以禁防之，虽大奸有所不能逾，而贤智之臣亦无效尺寸于法之外，相与兢兢奉法，以求无过而已。于是天子之权，不寄于人臣，而寄于胥吏。„„守令无权，而民疾若不闻于上，安望其致太平而延国命乎？”可见顾炎武认为国家衰落的根源是

A．皇权高度强化B．法律过于严苛

C．官员不思进取D．权力寄于胥吏

2．《周礼·秋官司寇·薙氏》载：“掌杀草，春始生而萌之，夏日至而夷之，秋绳而芟之，冬日至而耜之。若欲其化也，则以水火变之。”这反映了中国古代：

A．农业精耕细作的特点B．动物性肥料的严重不足

C．劳动人民的勤劳本质D．农业上重视适时耕作

3．有学者认为：“甲午战争是中国历史上第一次在形式和内容两个方面带有近代意义的对外战争”。其主要依据应是

A．北洋海军的参战B．战争由朝鲜引发

C．日本是亚洲第一个近代化国家D．《马关条约》允许外国在华投资设厂

4．上海纺织女工杨秀燕从1965年开始记录家里的每一笔开销，小到几分钱，大到几百元，无一遗漏，一记就是37年。这本普通百姓的家庭“豆腐帐”，却被中国历史博物馆当作宝贝一样收藏起来。它的历史价值主要在于

A．记录者是普通百姓B．记录时间具有连续性

C．记录内容是民众的日常生活细节D．反映一定时期的社会历史变迁

5．1895年，严复翻译《天演论》，宣扬“进者存而传焉，不进者病而亡焉”的思想。1916年，陈独秀认为：“求适今世之生存，则根本问题，不可不首先输入西洋式社会国家之基础。”以上材料反映的中心问题是

A．“进化论”成为中国各阶层普遍接受的理论

B．晚晴到民国初年中国思想界没有实质性变化

C．救亡图存是当时社会思考的焦点

D．中国欲改变命运必须引进西方的制度

6．陈独秀认为：“要拥护那德先生，便不得不反对孔教、礼法、贞节、旧伦理、旧政治；要拥护那赛先生，便不得不反对国粹和旧文学。”（《新青年》第6卷1号）这段话

A．倡导以民权之说作为政治制度改革的理论基础

B．主张以民主科学精神重新评估中国传统文化

C．呼吁尊师重教，倡导认真学习

D．号召中国人民向十月革命学习

7．1956年4月，毛泽东提出了“百花齐放，百家争鸣”的方针，这一方针主要在哪两个领域展开

①政治领域②文学艺术领域③经济领域④科学研究领域

A．①②B．②③C．①④D.②④

8．“不动摇，不懈怠，不折腾”是胡锦涛同志在纪念党的十一届三中全会召开30周年大会的讲话中一个引人注目的亮点。其中“不折腾”是吸取了建国以来哪些历史事件的教训 ①农业合作化运动②大跃进运动③人民公社化运动④文化大革命

A．①②③④B．①③④

C．②③④D．①②④

9．从古希腊罗马的民主制到近代西方代议制的发展中，可以看出人类对理想的共同追求是

A．社会公正B.三权分立C.民主共和D.共产主义

10．在19世纪后期的西方社会，上、中等阶层激烈反对国家为促进较大的社会平等而做出的任何干预。他们论证说，他们应得到幸福和成功，因为他们已证明自己较无能的穷人更“适合”，而且，大公司对小公司的兼并是“生存斗争”的一部分。这种观点

A．由达尔文提出B.受到了进化论的影响

C.由凯恩斯提出D.受到了相对论的影响

11．列宁说：“毫无出路的处境十倍地增强了工农的力量，使我们能够用与西欧其它一切国家不同的方法来创造发展文明的根本条件”。十月革命“用与西欧其它一切国家不同的方法”的含义是

A．采用暴力革命的方式来夺取政权

B．以社会主义的方式推进国家的现代化

C．开创了国际社会主义运动的新局面

D．利用商品、市场和货币关系发展经济

12．“它对战后世界经济的恢复、发展和稳定起到了积极的作用，但它主要是美英两个国家为维护战后自身利益而进行斗争、达成妥协的结果，带有明显的西方金融霸权主义的色彩。” “它”指的是

A．布雷顿森林体系B．雅尔塔体系

C．关税与贸易总协定D．欧洲经济共同体

13.政权架构与运行机制是古今中外政治文明的重要内容，阅读材料，回答问题。（24 分）

材料一唐分官阶为九品……中书令门下侍中及尚书令皆为三品官。若论此三省之来历，尚书本是皇宫内廷秘书……中书依官名论，也即是在内廷掌理文件之意。侍中则是在宫中奉侍皇帝。故就官职名义言，这三个官原本都是内廷官。中书主发令……门下省所掌是一种副署权……尚书省则仅有执行命令之权。

——钱穆《中国历代政治得失》

（1）依据材料一，概括唐朝三省的特点。依据所学知识，分析唐朝这样设置官职的目的。（8分）

材料二从世界史的观点看，美国的革命之所以重要，并不是因为它创造了一个独立的 国家，而是因为它创造了一个新的、不同类型的国家。《独立宣言》已宣布：‚我们认为 这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等。‛于是，美国人民在革命期间和革命之后，通过 了旨在使这一宣言不仅在纸面上而且在生活中得到实现的种种法律。他们没收并分配了 亲英分子的大地产，将公民权扩大，所有成年男子（但不包括妇女）都拥有了选举权。许多州政府通过了禁止输入奴隶的法律。已建的教会被废除，宗教信仰自由成为国家的 法律。十三个州都正式通过了包括人权在内的宪法，这一宪法保证公民天赋的权利。

一个独立的共和国在美洲的建立，在欧洲被广泛地解释为：它意味着启蒙运动的思想是切实可行的——一个民族有可能建立一个国家，有可能制定一种建立在个人权利基础上的切实可行的政体。于是，美国成为自由和机会的一个象征，作为一块新的、没有历史负担和枷锁的大陆而受人羡慕。

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

（2）评述材料二中对美国革命的认识。（8分）

材料三1868年6月11日，日本新政府公布了政府组织法，即《政体书》。其中规定‚天下之权力皆归太政官‛，‚太政官之权力分为立法、行政、司法三权，使无偏重之患‛。其中 ‚议政官‛分设上下两局，上局主要由政府官员组成，‚掌管创立政府、制定法律、决定机密政

务‛以及‚明赏罚、定条约、宣战、议和‛等权力；下局由各藩推举的贡士（优秀人才）组成，主要任务是讨论租税、驿递的章程、造货币等，实际是上局的咨询机构，而无决定权。行政官辅佐天皇督理一切政务，完备天皇亲政的体制。刑法官掌刑法、监察、裁判、警察等司法权。

——摘编自伊文成、马家俊《明治维新史》

（3）依据材料三并结合所学知识，评价日本新政府的太政官体制。（8分）

14.近来雾霾天气成为人们热议的话题，现代社会对健康的关注已提到相当的高度。阅读材料，回答问题。（28分）

材料一乾隆二十三年（1758年）正月发生了一次‚霾灾‛，数日雾霾不散，导致通惠河上的漕运停止，京城多处粮仓告急。乾隆皇帝除了派官员到天坛祭天外，还亲自率王公大臣在紫禁城太和殿前焚香祭天。光绪年间京城曾出现一次严重的‚霾灾‛，数日不散，慈禧太后也曾令人在紫禁城内‚祭天驱霾‛。而民间遇有‚霾灾‛出现时，人们多到龙王庙前拜求龙王‚驱霾祈雨‛，并在庄稼种植上采取相应的措施。如康熙五十四年（1715年）初春，出现了一次 ‚霾灾‛，京畿之农人‚芸锄时令苗稍疏，预防风霾‛。

——《古代北京‚霾灾‛的记载》

（1）材料一中，清代官民面对“霾灾”采取了哪些做法？结合所学知识分析原因。（8分）材料二近代中国知识界较早就开始关注空气污染问题。当时的报刊对近代西方工业化过程中所发生的大气污染现象多有报道评论，并警醒国人：‚各国人士，渐渐对这个问题加以注意。东京警察当局已于最近举行煤烟防止宣传，开始‘都市净化运动’了。‛

近代以来政府和民间均采取了一定的措施（治理空气污染）。政府颁布一些条例、实施工厂检查，开展工厂安全运动、平民新村运动，改善城市基础设施等等，取得一定效果。1887年石印社的煤烟被周围居民视为公害，工部局向石印社提出警告，要求其采取增高烟囱等减轻污染措施。1933年12月，政府公布陆上交通管理规则，其中规定‚汽车行驶时，不得泻放发出巨响或含有烟雾恶臭气体‛。广州市政府制定颁行车辆肩舆交通规则，其中规定‚车夫须常注意车机洁净。勿许机油飞烬，及放出秽气等弊‛。济南市政府也颁布过取缔市区桐油煎熬的法规。

——《中国近代城市大气污染及治理》

（2）根据材料二和所学知识，指出民国时期“空气污染”的原因。（4分）

材料三1952年，处于急速发展期的英国伦敦，终于尝到了工业污染带来的苦果：l2月5日至l0日，伦敦市内空气污染严重，导致4000人因呼吸道疾病等原因死亡，这被称为‚伦敦烟雾事件‛。事件的后果之一，就是促使英国政府制定了一系列的法规措施整治环境。1956年，英国政府颁布了《清洁空气法案》，这是世界上第一部空气污染防治法案。法律规定在伦敦城内的电厂都必须关闭，只能在大伦敦区重建。要求工业企业建造高大的烟囱，加强疏散大气污染物。……还包括要求大规模改造城市居民的传统炉灶，减少煤炭用量，逐步实现居民生活天然气化；冬季采取集中供暖。

——《启示录：1952，被雾霾扭转的英国》

（3）根据材料二、三，分析中英两国在处理类似问题上的异同点。（12分）

（4）今天中国正处在经济高速发展时期，你认为我国在今后城市化的进程中应注意哪些问题？（4分）

入学考试文综测试（历史部分）答案

1.A2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.D8.C9.A10.B11.B12.A

13.（1）内廷官变为政府官员（外廷官）；三省分工负责，互相牵制。（4分）提高办事效率，加强皇权。（4分）

（2）评述：创造出新的共和制政体；实践了启蒙思想的基本原则；实现了政教分离；用宪法和法律保障了公民的天赋权利。（4分，任答2点即可）体现了美国资产阶级的首创精神；为美国的资本主义发展奠定了制度基础；对人类的政治民主化进程产生了深远影响。（4分，任答2点即可）

（3）太政官体制力图仿效欧美国家的三权分立体制，形式上实行了中央的权力分割，下局的设立体现一定的民主性，具有进步意义。（4分）但立法、行政、司法之间没有实现清晰的分权，没有实现主权在民的原则，实际上是为了加强皇权，具有很大的局限性。（4分）

14.（1）做法：祭天敬神；调整种植方式。（4分）

原因：科技水平落后；“天人感应”思想的影响；小农经济为主体。（4分，任答2点即可）

（2）原因：工业的发展；城市化进程加快；煤、石油等高污染资源的大规模运用。（4分，任答2点即可）

（3）同：政府通过制定法律、法规干预治理污染；通过改善生产、生活条件防治污染。（4分）

异：中国民国时期的治污舆论监督起了重要作用，并且更加注重人伦道德。英国政府治污的法律力度更大，更加注重调整产业结构、加大科技投入。（8分）

（4）注意问题：积极稳妥逐步推动我国城市化进程；推动中小城镇建设；注意环境保护等。（4分，任答2点即可，其他答案言之成理也可给分）

篇4：四川省成都七中2014届高三语文 乌有先生历险记课文

高三年级英语试卷

考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分 命题人：刘亚东 谢朝富 审题人：刘钰

本试题分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。考生作答时，须将答案答在机读卡和答题卷上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。考试结束后，请将机读卡和答题卷交回。

第I卷 选择题（共100分）

注意事项：1.选择题部分必须使用2B铅笔在机读卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑。2.第I卷共三部分，共计100分。第一部分 听力测试（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What is the man going to have for lunch? A.Hamburger.B.Pizza.C.Uncertain.2.What does the woman suggest the man do? A.Don’t drink beer.B.Don’t put ice into the beer.C.Drink dark beer.3.What are the two speakers talking about? A.A beautiful park.B.A college campus.C.An architectural exhibition.4.How much higher is the price of the steak than last week? A.12 cents.B.20 cents.C.22 cents.5.How will the medicine affect the woman? A.It will make her weak.B.It will make her sleepy.C.It will make her excited.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

A.Exercise.B.Eating habit.C.Mental attitude.7.Who is optimistic? A.The woman’s grandfather.B.The woman’s grandmother.C.The man’s grandmother.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Where will the man go tomorrow? A.A university.B.A railway station.C.A hospital.9.How much is a round-trip ticket? A.About 10 dollars.B.About 15 dollars.C.About 25 dollars.10.What can we learn from the conversation? A.The journey will take at least 2 hours.B.The man should take the C line.C.The train stops 6 times on the way to the Grand Central Terminal.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.What is the relationship between the two speakers? A.Hotel manager and waiter.B.Shopkeeper and salesperson.C.Interviewer and interviewee.12.What is the most important for the man to do the job? A.Using a computer.B.Working on weekends.C.Getting on well with people.13.What do we know about the man? A.He can’t work on Saturdays.B.He once worked in a restaurant.C.He can only speak two languages.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.When was Beatles’ first U.K.single released?

A.In October 1962.B.In December 1963.C.In October 1970.A.He was shot dead.B.He died of cancer.C.He died in a car accident.16.Which album does the man like best? A.Love.B.Rubber Soul.C.Beast.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.What first led Van Gogh to the world of painting? A.His job as an art dealer.B.The influence of a famous artist.C.The attraction of the landscapes in the country.18.Where did Van Gogh live in 1886? A.In Aries.B.In Paris.C.In England.19.When did Van Gogh take up painting? A.In 1869.B.In 1877.C.In 1886.20.What did Van Gogh mainly paint? A.Landscapes.B.Portraits.C.Flowers and birds.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

A Outline programme for the State Visit of the President of The People’s Republic of China, Mr XiJinping, accompanied by Madame Peng Liyuan, 20 to 23 October 2015.MONDAY 19 OCTOBER The President of The People’s Republic of China will arrive privately in the UK on Monday evening,19th October, at Heathrow Airport.They will be greeted on behalf of The Queen by The Viscount Hood,Lord-in-Waiting.TUESDAY 20TH OCTOBER The Queen will formally welcome the President at the Royal Pavilion on Horse Guards Parade.The President will inspect the Guard of Honour.Following a private lunch

view an exhibition in the Picture Gallery of itemsfrom the Royal Collection relating to China.In the evening The Queen will give a State Banquet at Buckingham Palace for the President.Her Majesty and the President will both make speeches at the start of the banquet.WEDNESDAY 21 OCTOBER President Xi will meet with the Prime Minister, David Cameron, at No.10 Downing Street for a bilateral meeting.They will visit the UK-China Business Summit at Mansion House, which will focus on investment , infrastructure and innovation.Then, the President will visit Huawei Technologies, where he will receive presentations looking at Huawei’s 14 years in the UK, its innovation work with UK partners and the latest technology trends.In the evening, the President will attend a banquet at Guildhall given by the Lord Mayor and City of London Corporation.The Lord Mayor and the President will both make speeches at the end of the banquet.THURSDAY 22 OCTOBER The President will formally bid farewell to The Queen at Buckingham Palace in the morning.Afterwards, he will join a Confucius Institute conference.Later he will fly up to Manchester ahead of the final day of the State Visit.FRIDAY 23 OCTOBER In the morning, the President will visit the National Graphene Institute at the University of Man-chester.Later he will visit the Manchester City Football Group.The Lord Chamberlain will bid farewell to President Xi on behalf of The Queen.Their Excellencies will depart from Manchester Airport.21.How many cities will President Xi visit in the UK according to the passage? A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.22.Which of the following is true about the activities that President Xi will attend? A.He will visit the football clubs in the city of Manchester.B.He will attend two formal Banquets at Buckingham Palace.C.He will attend a Confucius Institute conference in the city of Manchester.D.He will visit a UK-China Business Summit accompanied by the UK Prime Minister.A.speeches are usually given at the start of a Banquet B.the head of the UK will greet and see off President Xi at the Airport C.a welcome ceremony and farewell ceremony will be arranged by the UK D.Huawei Technologies has been cooperating with British for more than a decade

B Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize, for her work in helping tocreate an anti-malaria(疟疾)medicine.The 84-year-old’s route to the honour has been anything but traditional.Tu Youyou attended a pharmacology school in Beijing.Shortly after, she became a researcher at the Academy of Chinese Traditional Medicine.In China, she is being called the “three noes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she’s never worked overseas.In 1967, Communist leader Mao Zedong decided there was an urgent national need to find a cure for malaria.At the time, malaria spread by mosquitoes was killing Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam.A secret research unit was formed to find a cure for the illness.Two years later, Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of Mission 523.Researchers in Mission523 pored over ancient books to find historical methods of fighting malaria.When she started her search for an anti-malarial drug, over 240,000 compounds(化合物)around the world had already been tested, without any success.Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood（青蒿）, which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD.The team isolated one active compound inwormwood, artemisinin（青蒿素）, which appeared to battle malaria-friendly parasites（寄生虫）.The team then tested extracts（提取物）of the compound but nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text.After another careful reading, she improved the drug recipe one final time, heating the extract without allowing it to reach boiling point.After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys, Tu volunteered to

I had the responsibility.” she explained.Tu is consistently cited for her drive and passion.One former colleague, Fuming Liao describes her as a “tough and stubborn woman”.Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts and apply them to modern scientific practices.The result has saved millions of lives.24.Which of the following words can best describe Tu Youyou? A.Traditional and modest.B.Passionate and responsible.C.Lucky and knowledgeable.D.Stubborn and flexible.25.When did Ms.Tu start her malaria research? A.When malaria become serious among Chinese citizens.B.When she was enrolled into a pharmacology school in Beijing.C.After she entered a secret government unit known as “Mission 523”.D.After she became a researcher at the Academy of Chinese Traditional Medicine.26.What can we learn about the discovery of anti-malaria drug? A.Heating the extract until it reaches boiling point is necessary.B.The process of testing extracts of the compound is very smooth.C.No one had ever done any research on it before Tu and her team.D.The idea of using wormwood to treat malaria was from ancient Chinese text.27.The underlined phrases “pore over” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________.A.go over B.pay attention to C.search for D.think over

C The death of languages is not a new phenomenon.Languages usually have a relatively short lifespan as well as a very high death rate.Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out.Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time.Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating

official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress , which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical.Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge.Monolingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages.A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world.It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident.First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness.We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”.As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism.The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second.Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius.A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication.It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their imagination and their ways of using knowledge.To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.28.Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages? A.Colonial conquests of Europe.B.The boom of human population.C.Advances in science and industrialization.D.The rise of nation-states.29.The underlined word “stifles” in the last paragraph probably means “__________”.A.boosts B.fuels C.imposes D.kills

The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that____________.A.people would fail to understand how languages originated B.language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization C.monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism D.human brains would become less creative linguistically 31.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A.To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B.To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C.To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation.D.To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.D Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流).Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years’ experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected, the company told him that they didn’t.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the world’s best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻)because wind sand currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyergot to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes.With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.32.Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out______.A.what caused the shipping accident B.when and where the shoes went missing C.whether it was all right to use their shoes D.how much they lost in the shipping accident 33.How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption? A.By collecting information from beachcombers.B.By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.C.By searching the web for ocean currents models.D.By researching ocean currents data in the library.34.Ebbesmeyer is most famous for______.A.traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B.making records for any lost objects on the sea C.running a global currents research association D.phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 35.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A.To call people’s attention to ocean pollution.B.To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C.To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D.To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Stop eating yourself stupid We all know that poor nutrition can lead to bad health and even weight gain.36

could very likely play a role in how smart you are.According to the study, rats fed a high-fat diet for 10 days showed signs of weakness and even had trouble finding treats that were waiting for them.37 Actually high-fat diet could weaken our intelligence—but so can a calorie-restricted diet.The trick appears to lie in finding a nice balance.Here are ways to achieve that happy balance and make you smarter through diet, exercise and improving your brain power.38 Aim to get this amount of calories each day.If you need to drop a few pounds, take away the number you get by 400;consume that number of calories each day until you drop the weight.Eat the right foods in addition to getting the right amount of calories.Aim for healthy foods that include good amounts of protein, fiber, fruits and vegetables, healthy whole grains, healthy fats and plenty of water.Well!39 Read a book.Try a new recipe.Do some puzzles.These are all good ways to help increase your smarts.40 Aim for at least three 30-minute sessions a week.I like simple exercises such as walking, but anything that raises the heart rate is good.You may be fond of music too.Combine them!Some people like to listen to classical music such as Bach or Mozart, but rock music lovers will be happy to learn that this genre can help make you smarter as well.A.Exercise regularly with happy mind forever.B.Your health depends on your exercise plan.C.Don’t forget to exercise your mind while doing so.D.Now add “lack of intelligence” to the list.E.You may be puzzled whether it has something with us.F.Remember: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.G.Figure out how many calories you need to maintain your weight.第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处

My son, Sam, struggled through elementary school.But his sixth grade teacher took the time to_41_Sam’s strengths and inspired him to be a better student.On Valentine’s Day, my eleven-year-old son Sam 42 me to allow him to buy his teacher an enormous red heart filled with delectable(让人喜爱的)chocolates.We 43 , and he bought her a smaller but respectably sized heart.On his small 44 , $4.99 was a huge investment, and I was touched by his 45.Sam has not always loved teachers.He doesn’t yet admit that he 46 school, but he does like to hang out in his classroom after three o’clock, and he is 47 about some class projects.Last year, Sam’s most 48 achievement was having the longest “missing assignment” list in the entire fifth grade.He 49 all year to keep his head above the academic sea.Many nights Samsank into tears of 50 while working his way through another pile of homework.I must admit I was 51 when I first met Mrs Hogan.She was a 52 teacher.She seemed so young and sweet and inexperienced.How was this new teacher going to 53 a boy who had learned to dread(恐惧)school? As I observed this teacher’s 54 with my son at the end of each day, I realized that Sam’s inattentiveness and disorganization was not the 55 things that Mrs Hogan noticed about him.She recognized Sam as a knowledgeable, capable student who loved to read.He rose to her 56.Sam began to do his homework without numerous 57 or a major search through his crowded back pack.He brought home less and less class work.He 58 six A’s on his second-quarter report card.I still don’t know how much of this 59 is due to the magic of Mrs Hogan.I do know that my son loves his sixth grade teacher, and I think there is a magic in relationships that can 60children when nothing else will.41.A.prevent B.encourage C.push D.change 42.A.advised B.promised C.allowed D.begged 43.A.compromised B.agreed C.refused D.argued

45.A.instruction B.cleverness C.generosity D.bravery 46.A.likes B.hates C.attends D.misses 47.A.annoyed B.excited C.surprised D.worried 48.A.enjoyable B.favorable C.honorable D.memorable 49.A.struggled B.managed C.failed D.continued 50.A.regret B.anger C.frustration D.pleasure 51.A.interested B.concerned C.moved D.amazed 52.A.loving B.caring C.rising D.beginning 53.A.lift up B.pick out C.win over D.take in 54.A.descriptions B.relationships C.interactions D.discussions 55.A.precious B.usual C.obvious D.primary 56.A.expectations B.requirements C.questions D.measures 57.A.references B.reminders C.rules D.suggestions 58.A.lost B.accepted C.earned D.left 59.A.independence B.reward C.recovery D.miracle 60.A.persuade B.inspire C.control D.cure

第II卷（共50分）

第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

My grandfather’s name was George William Peterson.He 61(bear)in 1922 and lived in a small village in Oxford shire, 62 his father was the village butcher.He went to the village primary school, then to grammar school in the 63(near)big town.When he was 17, World War II started, and so he joined the army.He trained in England before going off to fight in France.He was very lucky during the war, because he was never wounded or caught by 64enemy.In 1945, he was 23 years old and thought that he was too old 65(go)to university, so he joined a company of lawyers as a clerk.He attended evening classes

he 66(meet)my grandmother at a dance and a year 67 they got married.In 1950 my father was born, 68(follow)by my aunt.My grandfather retired in 1987.All his life he was interested in birds.He spent many of his holiday sand weekends 69(watch)birds.He was patient 70 me and my brother and I was very sad when he died in 2005.第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节 短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文并改正文中错误。共有10处错误，每句中不超过两处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：

1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As senior three student, it won’t take long after I graduate.Now, I have much to share with my fellow student.Firstly, I’d like to show my appreciation to those stand by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included.Without their help and advice, my life will be different.Secondly, it’s high time that I said sorry to the classmates I have hurt and misunderstand.I firm believe that communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship.Above all, I’ve made up my mind to make every effort to study, so hard work is the key to success.Just as the old saying go, “No pains.No gains.” Finally, I want to express my hope which all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man.第二节 书面表达(25分)假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想选修中文作为外语，为此写信征询你的意见。请按以下要求给Peter写封100词左右的回信。

1、鼓励他选修中文；

、中文的魅力(两点)；

3、学好中文的意义（两点）。

注意：信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Peter, Nice to receive your letter, in which you sought for my advice on whether you should choose Chinese as a second language.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua

成都七中2015-2016学年度上期半期考试高三年级英语试卷

参考答案

第一部分 听力测试（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）1-5CBBAB 6-10CCABB 11-15CCBAA 16-20BABBA 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）21-23BDD 24-27BCDA 28-31BDBC 32-35CADC36-40DEGCA 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）41-45BDACC 46-50ABDAC 51-55BDACD 56-60ABCDB 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

61.wasborn

62.where/and

63.nearest

64.the