翻译答案英语

翻译答案英语（通用6篇）

篇1：翻译答案英语

我认为，选修第二专业并不适合每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。If you ask me, taking a second major isn’t good for every undergraduate.In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor.By all odds, I was the most hard-working student in my class.But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldn’t do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English.第二学期,《英国文学》及《宏观经济学》两门课不及格给我敲响了警钟，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second term sounded the alarm for me.This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence.Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail both subjects.Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正值得一读、让他爱不释手的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading.Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike some of his classmateswho had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshops, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting.He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers’ fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak.Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader.It is as if he wants to read all those marvellous books he hadn’t had a chance to read in his university days.By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes.He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of life.谈及目前经济萧条所带来的影响，学生活动的减少就是一个很好的例证。为了活跃校园生活，大学愿意划拨一部分资金来资助学生社团活动，但由于今年学校的预算大幅减少，对社团的资助也相应缩减了不少。显然，学生社团要恢复以前的活力就必须想办法克服自身的经济困难。有人主张招募更多会员，因为会员费的增加可以帮助他们度过难关。When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point.To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out some money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut.Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness.Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty.当然，如果有更多的会员交年费，而且缩减一些日常开支，我们还是能省下一些钱来组织活动的。但是，问题的关键在于社团活动的费用与参加活动的人数是成正比的，因此这种方法恐怕不太可行。要推进社团活动，同时又不使经费超支，我们必须群策群力，拿出别的筹钱方法，而不是仅仅依赖学校拨款和会员费。

No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money to organize activities.But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants.I’m afraid this won’t be of much help.To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of just relying on university grants and membership fees.我们对理想丈夫或理想妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以及我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多数年轻姑娘希望她们的未婚夫强悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无选择，只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢得女孩子的芳心。如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他们很可能会在悲叹自己的光棍生涯中度过下半辈子。根据同样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的未婚妻温柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来会成为贤妻良母。Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them.If most girls want their fiancés to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls’ heart.If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelor’s status for the rest of their lives.Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiancées to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.深入研究一下这种性别期待，我们就会发现这是受生理和社会因素制约的。无疑，女性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，而男人则完全不适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣钱养家，才能让一家人过上好日子。Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors.It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job.Therefore, a family is better off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.为保证校园的安全，校方最近发布了一项新的规定，禁止小商贩进入校园。校长呼吁学生在这件事上与学校合作。学生们表示强烈反对，几百名学生在学校的BBS上表达了他们的愤怒。他们说，因为校园离市中心很远，校内商店里的货品又不多，把小贩赶出校园就无异于把学生扔到孤岛上。有些人提出，正是在这样的事情上，学校应该听取学生的意见和需求。有些学生认为，这项规定能让校园更安全的想法是错误的.To make the campus safer, the university authorities recently released a new regulation that forbids any vendors from entering the campus, and the president called on the students to cooperate with the university on this matter.But the students’ opposition was strong, and hundreds of them expressed their anger on the university BBS.They said that to keep vendors off campus was like deserting students on an isolated island, as the university was far away from the downtown and the shops on the campus did not provide enough commodities.Some claimed that it was precisely for matters of this kind that the university should listen to students’ opinions and needs.Some students thought the university had got it wrong in believing that this regulation will ensure safety on campus.学生的反应让校长感到震惊，为弥补过失，他宣布学校将重新考虑这项规定。他对学生说，他们完全有权力过上方便、舒适的生活，但校园的安全也同样重要。他还提议在校园里建一个大超市，在宿舍楼附近开一些便利店(convenience store)，这样就能大大方便学生们的生活。Shocked by students’ reaction, the president tried to make amends for this mistake by announcing that the university will look into this new regulation again.He told students that they were entitled to live a convenient and comfortable life, but safety was just as much an important concern as that.He proposed to build a big supermarket within the campus and some convenience stores near dormitory buildings, which would certainly make students’ life much easier.在毕业典礼上，一家知名IT公司的经验丰富的CTO托马斯•克拉克给140名渴望在IT行业干出一番事业的计算机科学专业的学生提出了一些重要建议。在他看来，信息技术不仅仅是组装机器和装置。在这个领域，创新起着关键的作用。所以IT工作者自然要承受巨大的压力，因为他们每天都要想出一些新点子。In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers some important advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT.In his opinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices;it is a domain where innovation plays the key role.So naturally IT workers have to endure great pressure in their work as they need to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.但是克拉克也指出，IT行业的最终目标是利润。如果你想在这个领域获得成功，你应该牢记创新并不等同于个人主义。值得注意的是，很多有天赋的年轻人由于狂妄自大，交流能力差，没能发挥他们的潜力，因此没有取得成功。克拉克强调说，你必须学会和不同部门的人合作，这样你才能创造出能被市场接受的产品，你的才华才能绽放。But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit.If you want to succeed in this business, you need to keep in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualism.It is noticeable that because of arrogance and poor communication skills many gifted young men didn’t realize their potential, thus failed to achieve success.Clark emphasizes that you must learn to cooperate with people from different departments, and only thus can your talent blossom by creating products that will be accepted by the market.20年来，一直有人认为简体字是激进的汉语改革的产物，不能保留传统文化的精华。在他们看来，那么多中国人读不懂繁体字是一件可耻的事情。有些人甚至认为简体字是一个有缺陷的语言系统，用简体字使中国人变笨了，中华文明已经到了紧要关头，必须用繁体字才能拯救我们的民族文化。但是这些提倡恢复繁体字的人并不能提出足够的理由来支持他们的观点。他们还忘记了重要的一点：繁体字太复杂，在中国古代，这在受过良好教育和没受过教育的人之间造成了巨大的鸿沟，而简体字则让上亿的中国人识了字，并在一定程度上模糊了受过教育的精英和普通大众之间的界限。如果我们重新启用繁体字,可能会侵害到大多数人受教育的权利，破坏中国社会的团结。In the last couple of decades, there have always been people who believe that simplified characters are a product of the radical reform of Chinese language, and fail to retain the essence of our traditional culture.From their point of view, it’s disgraceful that so many Chinese cannot read traditional characters.Some even argue that simplified characters are a defective system of language and using them makes Chinese people dumb, and that our civilization has reached a critical stage where we have to go back to traditional Chinese characters to save our national culture.But those in favour of traditional characters are unable to provide sufficient evidence for their assertions.They also forget an important point: In ancient China the complexity of traditional characters created a rift between the educated and the uneducated, while the simplified characters had helped hundreds of millions of people become literate, and to a certain extent blurred the boundaries between the educated elite and the ordinary public.If we went back to traditional characters, it would be very likely to infringe on the majority’s right to education and damage the unity of Chinese society.

篇2：翻译答案英语

1.十年前，当公司还处在生产的鼎盛时期时，我们就决定投资新技术，将公司转型为技术密集型企业。由于拥有先进技术，我们在激烈动荡的市场竞争中脱颖而出。现在我们的成本下降了百分之三十，销售业绩却上涨了三分之二，利润翻了一番。

Ten years ago, when our company was at the height of its production, we decided to invest in new technologies, so as to turn our company into a technology-intensive one.With our advanced technologies, we out-competed all our competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace.Now we have reduced the cost by 30 percent, even as / while our sales have grown by two-thirds and the earnings have doubled.2.我们将可持续性定义为保持企业盈利，但不以环境为代价。从商业的角度看，这合理吗？事实上，在追求可持续发展目标的过程中，我们的收益已经超过了所有的投资和开支。可持续发展的推进起到了如此重要的作用，帮助我们撑过了史上最深重的经济衰退。

We define sustainability as keeping a business profitable, but not at the expense of the environment.Does this make good business sense? Actually, what we get has more than offset all the investments and expenses incurred in pursuit of the goal of sustainable development.The boost of sustainability made such a difference that it helped us survive the deepest recession in the history.Unit 2B

1.这位年轻的埃及男孩在一些化学项目中积累了丰富的经验。这些经验帮助他在埃及大学读书时成绩名列班级前茅。在研究生学习即将结束时，他决定在化学学习方面继续深造。当面临选择去哪所大学时，他选择了宾夕法尼亚大学而放弃了加州理工学院，仅仅只是因为他当时认为“大学”比“学院”听起来更负盛名。

This young Egyptian boy had received a wealth of experience in some chemistry projects.Such experience helped him to sail to the top of his class at college in Egypt.When he was about to finish his postgraduate study, he decided to further his chemistry education.When confronted with choosing which university to go to, he chose University of Pennsylvania over California Institute of Technology(Caltech)just because he thought “university” sounded more prestigious than “institute”.2.瑞典皇家科学院授予他第28届诺贝尔医学奖，以褒奖他为战胜癌症所做的开创性工作。实际上，他已经做了整整20年的研究才取得了这一了不起的突破，他也是他所在大学第一位获得诺贝尔奖殊荣的教师。如今已将诺贝尔奖收入囊中的他更加坚定地声言，将以前所未有的更大动力去继续开拓人类攻克癌症的事业。

The Royal Swedish Academy awarded him with the 28th Nobel Prize in Medicine for his groundbreaking work in fighting against cancer.It turns out that he had spent 20 years on his research before he made this wonderful breakthrough, and he is the first faculty member of his university to receive the Nobel Prize.Now with Nobel Prize under his belt, he claimed that he had never been so much more motivated to continue to push the envelope of what human beings can possibly do about cancer.Unit 3B

1.海尔在海外市场试图以形象而不是价格击败对手。它将其主要注意力集中在像学生这样的利基市场（定位市场）上，期望他们年长以后还会钟爱海尔品牌。目前，海尔在美国的家用电器年销售额已达2亿美元，并占有美国小型冰箱市场35％以上的市场份额。这对美国的家电生产商形成了挑战。

Haier is seeking to outflank its competitors by competing on image rather than on price in

overseas markets.It has been focusing most of its attention on niche markets, such as students, in the hope that they will remain loyal as they get older.Currently, Haier sells $200 million worth of household appliances in the US annually and claims more than a 35% share of the US market for the minibars, which constitutes a challenge for the American household appliance makers.2.作为一个全球品牌，海尔致力于通过创新来满足消费者的需求，为消费者提供更多的明智的选择，让他们可以享受时尚的、负担得起的并且是可持续的生活方式。海尔秉承着一个信念，那就是为消费者设计和制造经久耐用、无后顾之忧的产品是一个负责任的企业应承担的使命。

As a global brand, Haier is dedicated to meeting customer needs through innovation.It is committed to giving customers more sensible options that enable them to enjoy a modern, affordable and sustainable lifestyle.It holds a belief that to design and produce durable and worry-free products for the customers is a mission that a responsible corporation should undertake Unit 5B

1.大学生活格外愉快。校园里的年轻人们都在全力以赴地获取知识。他们除了自己的学习，对其他事情无需负责。他们应该耐心地体会接受教育的过程，而不要急于去挣钱。他们应该知道，校园生活是在为他们走出校园去追求成功作准备。

College life is extraordinarily pleasant.Young people on campus are all gung ho to acquire knowledge.They are with no responsibility to anything but their studies.They should have patience with the process of being educated, but not be anxious to make a buck.They should understand that college life is to prepare them to get out and get success at life

2.在一个不断创新的世界，学位不能保证你拥有成功的事业。因此，发奋学习是人们普遍的做法。他们对终身学习态度积极。他们有些人回到学校，在那里他们可以利用学习资源。有些人调换工作，以丰富自己的工作阅历。甚至在退休以后他们还会投入时间进行学习。In a world of constant innovation, a degree can’t guarantee you a successful career.So it’s common practice for people to commit themselves to learning.They develop positive attitudes toward lifelong learning.Some of them go back to school where they can make use of learning resources.Some change jobs to acquire more work experience.Even after retiring, they will still invest time in learning.Unit 6B

1.当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我就被中国的语言文字和历史所深深吸引，有朝一日能去中国游览一直是我的梦想。多亏了中国的改革开放政策，欢迎外国游客来到这个具有5000年历史的神秘国度。当我终于梦想成真来到了中国，我注意到的第一件事，就是这里人们的穿着主要是灰、蓝两种颜色的服装，这让我感到十分好奇。为了能触摸到中国文化的精髓，我决定在中国多待一段时间。结果，我对中国的第一次造访竟长达三年之久。

When I was a little girl, I was so absorbed by Chinese language and history that it had always been my dream to visit China someday.Thanks to China’s opening-up and reform policy, foreign tourists are welcomed to this mysterious land of 5 000 years history.When my dream finally came true, the first thing I noticed was that people mainly wore clothes in either grey or blue, which I found intriguing.In order to reach the heart and soul of the Chinese culture, I decided to stay a bit longer.It turned out that my first visit to China lasted for as long as three years.2.巴黎迪士尼乐园是巴黎的主要旅游景点之一，距离巴黎市中心约32公里。巴黎迪士尼由欧洲迪士尼公司运营，它是在美国本土以外开办的第二个迪士尼主题公园，以其开放式及家庭游乐式而闻名。难怪巴黎迪士尼乐园是世界上游览人数最多的主题公园之一。

Disneyland Paris is one of the major tourist attractions in Paris, which is located about 32 km far

篇3：翻译答案英语

1 文献回顾

测试是一种矫正系统, 其不仅考查学生对知识技能的掌握程度, 而且能帮助教师和学生做出正确的评价, 及时反馈, 从而改进学习方法。而翻译以转化信息为主, 综合利用了听、说、读、写能力, 是一项输出活动。其作为一项跨语言、跨文化的交际行为, 使得各类英语测试都使用翻译题型。因此, 翻译测试到底多大程度考查了学生的能力, 以及关于翻译的各种教学活动受到研究者的重视。

由于研究者们对翻译能力的看法不同, 使得翻译测试的目的备受关注, 因此翻译教学也更为复杂。Chomsky (1965) 分析了语言与语用的差异, 而翻译正是通过转化第二语言与母语的信息来反映译者的语言能力, 是语言能力与语用能力的结合体。Bachman (1999) 也认为翻译不仅测试语言组织能力, 还有语言使用能力。Campbell’s (1998) 认为翻译能力包括三个方面:语篇能力、译者气质和监控能力。其中, 核心是语篇能力。A.Neubert (2000) 认为翻译能力包括语言能力、语篇能力、领域能力、文化能力、转换能力, 转换能力统协其他能力。由此可见, 翻译能力是一项综合能力。而翻译测试表面考查了译者的语言能力, 实则在翻译过程中考查了译者的文化能力、语篇能力和监控能力等。Buck (1992) 提出, 在外语教学实践中, 翻译是一种很常见的测试方法, 它涉及一种语言到另一种语言的转化, 而在进行翻译测试时, 学生的非语言能力以及翻译策略的使用也会影响测试成绩。所以一般的翻译测试主要考查了学生的语言能力、非语言能力以及策略的使用能力等。PACTE小组 (2000) (Process in the acquisition of Translation Competence and Evaluation, 翻译能力习得过程和评估和专项研究小组) 经过一系列实验修订提出翻译能力包括双语能力、语言外能力、翻译专业知识能力、工具能力, 策略能力, 还有影响翻译全过程的心理生理要素。此模式不仅对学生的翻译能力提出了更高的要求, 而且对翻译教学提出了更高的挑战。

刘润清 (1991) 认为, 翻译测试不应该出现在语言学习的初级阶段;到了大学高年级, 在翻译课中应先系统地讲解翻译理论和技巧, 然后经过反复练习, 再出现在翻译测试中。此时的翻译材料应该是原著的摘录, 未加任何修改。汉译英测试学生的英语水平和运用能力, 英译汉测试学生的理解能力。由此可见, 翻译测试考查学生的综合能力, 但是刘润清强调翻译应出现在高年级阶段和翻译内容似乎无法使得语用能力得到很大的提高。穆雷 (1997) 通过分析翻译测试的现状, 指出传统的翻译方式, 如单纯的句子翻译和段落翻译并不能真正地测试学生的能力;徐莉娜 (1998) 提出翻译测试的不同设计方式以及对译文的评析标准, 并提出如何提高语境的透明度等来提高翻译能力;徐莉娜, 罗选民 (2006) 从语义知觉的角度分析了教学翻译与翻译教学的关系, 提出传授翻译技能应该关注学生语义意识的培养, 否则, 学生译者难免因缺乏语义语觉而无法消除翻译盲点。

2 翻译测试与教学现状分析

2.1 大学非英语专业翻译测试现状

纵观我国的英语教学实践, 翻译是主要的教学目标与测试手段。 翻译作为主观型试题, 虽效度好, 但由于评分等原因, 信度难以得到保障。近年来, 随着我国外语教学水平的提高以及改革开放的深化, 社会对学习者的外语能力, 尤其是交际能力和双语能力提出了更高的要求, 翻译测试也有了更多的题型设计, 包括多项选择题、短语翻译题、段落篇章翻译题、填空题、分析/评论题、改译题等。

2013 年8 月, 全国大学英语四六级考试委员会发出通知, 四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型于2013 年12 月做出局部调整。其中, 翻译部分由原来的五句单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。考试所用的时间也由原来的5分钟增加到30分钟, 所占分数比例由5%提高到15%, 而且其翻译内容及其广泛, 中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等都包括在其中。这次改革对翻译能力的要求, 已经达到教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》中对翻译能力较高的要求, 即“汉英译速度为每小时约300 个汉字。 译文应该通顺达意, 理解和语言表达错误尽量减少, 并且能使用适当的翻译技巧”。可见, 翻译测试考查的不仅是学生的语法和词汇的组织能力, 而且考查学生的语用能力、语篇能力策略能力以及跨文化交际能力等。所以, 翻译在外语测试中的地位越来越高, 单纯的讲授语法和词汇的翻译教学无法满足翻译测试的要求, 外界对学生的翻译能力也提出了更高的要求。

2.2 大学非英语专业翻译教学研究

有关翻译的教学方法早在19世纪就出现了著名的语法翻译法, 此方法最大的特色就是在教学过程中, 通过练习互译大量的甚至没有联系的句子来掌握英语。20世纪初, 随着直接法的兴起, 语法翻译法受到了抨击, 被认为是淘汰的对象。现阶段, 由于交际法的兴起, 大学英语课堂更是要求以全英授课, 发展学生的交际能力, 翻译更被认为是落后的代名词。然而, 通过对现阶段非英语专业大学生的翻译教学课堂的调查发现诸多问题, 如教学目标不明确, 教学方法单一, 评价方式缺乏多样性, 无法适应学生今后的发展需求等。基于翻译能力的分析以及现阶段大学英语翻译测试的取向, 如何通过教学提高学生的翻译能力成为研究者关注的问题。

谈起关于翻译的教学过程, 首先要区分教学翻译和翻译教学概念的不同。教学翻译是将翻译作为一种语言教学的方法, 旨在检查和巩固学生对所学词汇、句型、语法等语言知识的掌握程度;而翻译教学指学生除学习词汇量和语法知识外, 还具有利用语义知觉调整不对称的语言形式的能力。翻译能力的培养是一个动态的过程, 在教学过程中首先需要学习的能力, 并且需要调节学生的非语言能力, 如自信心、习惯、焦虑、注意力分散等, 以及学习策略的培养, 这样才能使陈述性知识和操作性知识得以融合、开发和重组。

现阶段的翻译测试趋势更是要求学生不仅具有语言知识能力, 更需要有交际能力, 结合语境进行翻译。这就要求教师在教学过程中, 综合利用语法翻译法进行反复练习, 并结合交际教学法进行任务型学习、合作型学习, 注重培养学生对歇息策略的使用, 并提高学生的自信心等。大学生在翻译测试过程中, 不仅需要注重语法的规范性、词汇的多样性、结构的条理性, 还需要有结合语境的能力, 联系上下文, 将参与者的有关特征、相关事物及言语活动产生的影响都包括在他的语境概念中 (徐学平, 2003) 。

3 总结

综上所述, 翻译在我国英语学习中起着举足轻重的作用。而翻译能力的复杂性以及其子能力间的相互作用, 翻译测试内容和形式的更新发展, 对非英语专业大学生提出了更高的要求。不仅要求其有词汇、语法、语用、社会语言、语篇能力等能力, 还需有语言外能力和使用策略的能力。这无疑对大学非英语专业的翻译教学提出了更高的要求和标准。作者通过对以前研究者关于翻译能力和翻译测试的总结回顾, 以及对现阶段翻译测试和翻译教学的分析, 提出微薄建议, 以期能有利于提高对非英语专业大学生的翻译教学研究的重视, 有利于改善翻译教学现状, 有利于提高非英语专业的翻译能力, 有利于培养实用型人。

参考文献

[1]Bachman L F.Fundamental Considerations in Language Test-ing[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPress, 1999.

[2]Buck, G.Translation as a language testing procedure:does itwork[J].Language Testing, 1992, 9 (2) .

[3]Campbell, S.Translation into the Second Language[M].Har-low, Essex:Addison Wesley Longman, 1998.

[4]穆雷.中国翻译教学研究[M].上海:外语教育出版社, 1999.

[5]刘润清.语言测试和它的方法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1991.

[6]徐莉娜.关于本科生翻译测试的探讨[J].中国翻译, 1998, 03:30-33.

[7]徐莉娜, 罗选民.从语义知觉看教学翻译与翻译教学的关系[J].清华大学教育研究, 2006 (5) :112-118.

[8]仝亚辉.PACTE翻译能力模式研究[J].解放军外国语学院学报, 2010 (5) :88-93.

篇4：翻译答案英语

【关键词】翻译标准 医学英语特点 论述 医学英语翻译

随着医学和科技的飞速发展，国与国之间的医学交往越来越多，英语已经成文各种国际会议的主要交流语言，并且最新的重要的英语著作都是用英语著写的。对于在校的医学生和医院人员而言，如果想要跟随时代的步伐和了解最新的医学知识，就必须认真学习英语并且将英语转化为学习的工具，才能阅读和翻译大量的外国文献和杂志，更多的关注最新的知识，学习更多的医学知识，因此，从翻译标准和医学英语特点的角度论述医学英语翻译对提高医学英语能力是必不可少的。

一、医学英语的翻译标准

医学英语翻译是沟通国际之间的医学信息，目的在于向国外宣传医学的新发现以及学习国外的先进的医学知识和操作技术，使得不同民族和不同国家之间能够无障碍的沟通医学。不同的翻译家对于医学英语的翻译标准的认知不同，但是普遍公认“通顺”和“忠实”为最基本的标准。医学文献的翻译要在完全了解原文的前提下，同时考虑到医学知识中的特点，翻译为可以准确思想的词语。翻译的文章中的数据与概念必须与原文一模一样，没有错误，能够准确表达原文的思想主旨。同时，翻译的文章不可以使用高深的词汇，使读者可以读懂文章，在翻译的过程中，翻译者可以根据自己国家的说话风格、习俗等加入一些地方特点。

二、医学英语特点及其翻译

医学英语是具有其独特的特点，主要是描述疾病的诊断、治疗等医学科学，传授医学知识，医学英语的语法结构和词汇运用都不同于常规英语，如医学英语词汇复杂且数量多，一个词语有多种意思，句子复杂程度高，包含有大量的从句等等。

1.词汇特点及其翻译。普通英语词汇在普通英语中的意思与在医学英语中的意思不相同，例如colon在普通英语中指冒号，但在医学英语中一般指结肠；pupil在普通英语中可以指学生，但在医学英语中是指瞳孔。并且普通英语词汇与其他普通英语词汇搭配使用时，就会表达出医学英语，例如，general与check up搭配，general check up为普查的意思，general hospital是指综合性医院。

医学英语中的词汇有很多是由来自希腊或拉丁语中词根衍生而来的，如果学者了解词根，则词根与其他单词的组合所表示的单词意思简单易懂，容易联想而得知。但是，这类词汇衍生后的数量巨大，同一词根与不同的单词组合在一起便是不同的意思，没有构词知识和不了解规律的学生是很难看懂这些词汇的。例如，词根cyto的意思是细胞，其衍生出的单词cytoplasm为细胞质的意思，erythrocyte为红细胞的意思，cytoplogy是细胞学的意思，等等。很多人因此对医学英语产生偏见，认为派生词就是医学英语的词汇。

英语中的有些词汇是以地名、人名或者是姓氏等代表一些解剖位置、操作方法等等，在这些地名、人名或者是姓氏后面经常添加指示剂、方法、试剂、反应等普通英语词汇，在翻译过程中，我国一般采用直接音译的方法，翻译人名，例如Gram s method是指革兰方法的意思。此外，还有非医学词汇构成的医学专业术语，例如粪便feces，恶心呕吐nausea等等。

因此，全面掌握医学英语的词根和特点、类型以及对应句子中的正确理解对提高医学英语翻译有着至关重要的作用。

2.句型结构特点及其翻译。医学英语中最为常见的句型就是被动语态，并且基本全文都为长句。医学论文属于科学技术论文，其所描述的都为客观事实和科学结果，因此，需要被动语态来加强语气，突出这段中所描述的事物。在论文中，人们需要将更多的注意力放在疾病或者是患者，而不是关注进行疾病诊断或患者治疗的医生，因此，采用被动的语态突出患者或者是疾病。翻译的过程中，并不需要翻译为被动句，可以根据前后句和全文的联系，翻译为主动句或者是描述客观事实的it 句型。

长句多具有数个从句，每个从句之间结构较为复杂，可能是从句中套有从句，翻译过程中需要把握该长句的中心意思，然后整理各个从句之间的逻辑顺序，按照顺序依次翻译，但是需要注意翻译句子的联系性，通顺的简洁的将原文翻译出来。

参考文献：

[1]李忻洳.《骨不连原理及案例研究》翻译报告——以医学英语汉译中同位语和定语从句的处理技巧为重点[D].2013.

[2]付芬.医学英语特点及翻译[J].包头医学院学报，2009（2）.

[3]童丹，葛露.浅谈医学英语中长句的分析与理解[J].鞍山师范学院学报，2007，9（5）：43.

[4]袁芳.医学英语的语法衔接及其翻译技巧[J].邵阳学院学报（社会科学版），2010，（1）.

篇5：英语翻译答案

While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.3.他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。

It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。

It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.5.我相信比较高级的动物是由比较低级的动物进化而来的这一学说。I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.6.有明显的证据表明工作上的重压与身体的某些毛病有联系。

There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.7.只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。

As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.8.在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。

Under the leadership of the local government, the villagers rose to the serious food crisis caused by the floods.9.他们为新建一所医院开展了一场筹款运动。

They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.10.成功在于勤奋，诺兰医生就是一个很好的例证。Success lies in diligence.Dr.Nolen is a case in point.11.一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。

Everything points to the fact / indicates that something has gone wrong with his project / plan.12.作为父母我们应该知道，对于孩子们来说，一句赞扬抵得上十句责骂。As parents we should know that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.13.我们班上有不少学生因为没有按时交作文而受到教师的当众批评。

Quite a few students in our class were publicly criticized by the teacher for failing to hand in their compositions on time.14.小约翰尼一见到妈妈下班回来就往前门跑去。

篇6：科技英语翻译答案

UNIT 7 1．到目前为止，还没有一个竞争者能像iPad一样对消费者形成如此显著的影响。（so far）So far,none of these contenders like iPad has gained any significant influence on consumer.2．如果应当得当，新一轮全球化也许对中国这样的发展中国家更为有利。（be favorable for）When properiy handled, the new-round globalization can be more favorable for developing countries like China.3．她通常不随便花钱，要花也只是花她所挣的一小部分。（a fraction of）Generally, she is careful with her money, and spends only a fraction of her earning.4．演讲者应当向观众表述一些有意义，有见解的发言，让观众在思想上受益。（deliver…to）Speakers should deliver to audience a meaningful and insinghtful speech and make audience benefit from it.5．我得改掉每天晚上看电视的习惯。（wean oneself from）I have to wean myself from watching TV every night.UNIT 8 1．除了过强的北风外，此处为建设零碳环保建筑提供了理想的地理环境条件。（with the exception of）

With the exception of too-strong winds from the north, the location offers ideal geographical and environmental condition for a net-zero, environment-friendly building.2．此外，生态建筑挑战还限制了建材到工地的运输半径。（in addition）

In addition, living building challenge places limits on the transportation radius from the construction site.3．为了充分利用当地的天然资源，项目小组将能源实验室设计成沿地形逐渐降低的三部分。（to make the most of）

To make the most use of the local natural assets the project team developed the energy lab into three volumes that step down with the landscape.4．建筑管理系统在实验室能效监控方面起到了重大作用。（play a significant role in）The building management system plays a significant role in minitoring the lab’senergy efficency.5．考虑到项目小组为满足苛刻认证条件所作出的努力，该项目是真正的可持续建筑。（Given….）

Given all the effort involved in meeting the demanding requirement for the certification ,the project is a real sustainable building.UNIT 10 1．我们需要的一切是一些创造力和大量的时间和练习。（along with）All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.2．工厂由于未能遵守政府的安全条例而被关闭。（comply with）

The factory was closed for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.3．这个国家最终可能只是成为一个低成本的生产基地，而不是创新的发源地。（end up）This country could end up becoming simply a low-cost manufactoring base , not a source of innovation.4．为了帮助他们开拓新的市场，你有何具体计划？（open up）Do you have any particular plan to help them open up new market? 5．中国不惜一切代价去阻止台湾“独立”，包括发动战争。（wage）