make用法小结

2024-04-28

make用法小结(精选9篇)

篇1:make用法小结

make用法小结

一、做,制作 1.make sth He can make kites.他会做风筝。

2.make +双宾 make sb sth=make sth for sb His father made him a toy.=His father made a toy for him.3.be made+介词

三、make 的相关短语 make a decision(下决定)

make a face / faces(做鬼脸)make friends with(与……交友)make progress(取得进步)make sure(确信、弄清楚

make up one‘s mind to do sth 下决心做某事 ①be made of

由……做成(能看出原料)②be made from 由……制成(看不出原料)③be made by

由/被(某人)做 ④be made in

在某地被制造 ⑤be made into

被制成…… 例如:

Rice can be made into wine.米可以酿成酒。Wine can be made from rice.酒可以由米酿成。(注意主语的变化)

二、使,让(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)

1.make sb do sth.使/让某人做某事

Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。当把这样的句子变为被动语态时,原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。如把上面的句子变为被动语态,应为:

We are often made to retell the texts(by our English teacher).2.make sb/sth adj.The news made him happy.这个消息使他很高兴。

在此句型中,通常用it作形式宾语,而动词不定式或从句才是真正的宾语,而且要后置。例如:

Computers make it easier to learn English.电脑使英语学习更加容易。3.make sb/sth done(过去分词)It’s too noisy.I can’t make my voice heard.太吵了,我不能让别人听到。4.make sb n.They all want to make Jim their monitor.(名词)他们都想让吉姆当班长。

make money 挣钱,赚钱

make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 make the bed

整理床铺

make a noise/noises 制造噪音 make a fire 生火 make tea

沏茶

make use of 发挥… 的作用

make up 构成,组成,弥补, 拼凑成make yourself at home 请自便 make phone calls打电话

make room for给……腾出地方

化妆

篇2:make用法小结

make是动词,其常见用法有:

(1) 建造、制造、产生。如:

Her mother is making a coat. 她母亲在做一件外套。

The workers are making machines. 工人们在制造机器。

(2) 使,使成为。常用于

“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是形容词、动词原形。如:

The news made me happy.这个消息使我高兴。

篇3:it用法小结

1.指代前文中提到过的事物或前文的内容。如:

They watched the football match until it was over.他们看足球赛一直看到比赛结束。

You mustn’t read in the sun.It’s bad for your eyes.

你不要在阳光下看书, 这对你的眼睛不好。

2.指代指示代词this或that。如:

—What’s this?这是什么?

—It’s a book.那是一本书。

3.指代时间。如:

It’s summer in Australia now.澳大利亚现在是夏季。

4.指代天气。如:

—What’s the weather like in Beijing now?现在北京的天气如何?

—It’s very cold.天气很冷。

5.指代距离。如:

It’s half an hour’s walk from my home to the school.

从我家到学校是半小时的步行路程。

6.指代人, 主要包括两种情况:

▲指代在说话人心中身份尚不确定的人, 常在敲门或打电话时使用。如:

1) —Who is it?谁啊?

—It’s me.是我。

2) —Who’s that?Is it Kate?是哪位啊?是凯特吗?

—Yes, you’re right.It’s Kate.是, 你说对了。我是凯特。

▲指代性别不详的婴幼儿, 或不强调此人性别。如:

The child smiled when it saw its mother.那个孩子在看到它的母亲时笑了。

7.指代时间。如:

—What time is it?几点了?

—It’s ten.十点。

it表示时间, 常被用于以下句型:

▲It is time (for sb.) to do sth.或It is time for sth., 表示“是 (某人) 该做某事的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如:

It’s time for us to start the lesson now.现在到我们开始上课的时间了。

▲It is/has been+时间段+since+从句, 表示“从……以来已有……时间”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如:

It is/has been three years since he came here.=He has been here for three years.

他到这里已经三年了。

▲It is time that sb.did sth.表示“某人该做某事了”。从句常用过去时态 (虚拟语气) 说明现在应该做的事。如:

It is six o’clock.It is time that we went home.现在是六点钟, 我们该回家了。

it在句型中的运用

1.it作形式主语, 代替作真实主语的动词不定式:

▲It is+adj.+ (for/of sb.) +to do sth.

此句型中用for还是of要根据前面的形容词来定。如果形容词是用来对不定式中的做法进行评价的, 如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等, 用for;如果形容词是描述不定式中动作实施者的性格、品质的, 如kind, good, nice, clever等, 则用of。如:

1) It is important for him to catch the early bus.赶早班车对他很重要。

2) It is kind of you to help me.你来帮我真好。

还有一种判断方法, 就是看该句型转换为sb.+am/is/are+adj.+to do sth.之后是否合理。如句2) 即可转换为You are kind to help me.而句1) 转换之后并不合理。其中的原理与上面的说法是相同的。

▲It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“某人花……时间做某事”。如:

It took me a week to finish reading the book.我花了一周时间看完这本书。

▲It is+one’s turn/duty/pleasure+to do sth.意为“轮到某人做某事”、“做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事”。如:

It’s your turn to be on duty today.今天轮到你值班了。

2.it作形式主语, 替代作真实主语的主语从句:

▲It is+adj.+that从句。如:

It is true that some ads can be very useful.确实有些广告很起作用。

▲It seems+that从句。如:

It seems that he is quite interested.看来他很感兴趣。

▲It is said/reported/believed+that从句, 常译为“据说/据报道/据悉……”。如:

It is said that she is going to get married next month.据说她打算下个月结婚。

3.it作形式主语, 替代作真实主语的动名词短语:

It+is+adj.+doing sth.。如:

It’s really dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩真地很危险。

4.it作形式宾语, 替代作真实主语的不定式、动名词或宾语从句:

“主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+真实主语”

该句型中, 常见的谓语是think或find, 宾语补足语通常由形容词、名词等充当。如:

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.他发现学好一门外语不容易。

We think it no good reading in bed.我们认为躺在床上看书没好处。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting.我想我们有必要召开这个会。

5.用于强调句中, 强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。

It is/was+被强调部分+that (who) …

It was in the street that I met him.我是在街上遇到他的。

巩固练习:

1.上学期谁教你们英语?是史密斯先生吗?

Who taught you English last term?______________________Mr.Smith?

2.我们认为在七点前赶到那里是不可能的。

We think__________________________________________________before 7 o’clock.

3.对我们来说保护环境是非常必要的。

__________is pretty necessary___________us_____________________our environment.

4.他搬到石家庄已经有五年的时间了。

___________has been five years since he______________________Shijiazhuang.

5.是他帮助这个老人过的马路。

It was______________________helped the old man cross the road.

篇4:make的用法及其构成的短语

一、 由make构成的主动结构

1. make用作及物动词,意为“制造”、“做”。例如:

The boy likes making things. 这男孩爱做东西。

2. 含make的短语

(1) make a noise意为“制造噪音”。例如:

Don’t make a big noise in public. 不要在公共场所喧哗。

(2) make up one’s mind to do sth意为“下决心去干某事”。例如:

Jim makes up his mind to catch up with other classmates in Egnlish. 吉姆下决心在英语方面赶上班上的其他同学。

(3) make one’s way to意为“去(往)某处”。例如:

Kate is making her way to school. 凯特在去上学的路上。

(4) make one’s bed意为“整理床铺”。例如:

You should make your bed after you get up. 你起床后要整理好床铺。

(5) make a mistake意为“犯错误”。例如:

You should check your homework to make sure not to make any mistakes. 你应该检查作业,确保不出错误。

(6) make progress意为“取得进步”。例如:

If you study hard, you’ll make progress in your English. 如果你学习努力,你的英语会进步的。

(7) make sure意为“确保,务必”。例如:

Make sure that you can pass the exam. 要确保你考试及格。

(8) make it意为“及时赶到”。例如:

I hope you’ll make it at the airport. 我希望你能及时赶到机场。

(9) make room for sb意为“为……腾出个空”。例如:

When the old man got on the bus, a young man made room for him. 那个老人上车后,一位年青人给他让座。

(10) make money意为“赚钱”。例如:

His father made a lot of money by selling fruits. 他爸爸卖水果挣了大钱。

(11) make a living意为“谋生”。例如:

His father made a living by selling newspapers. 他父亲以卖报为生。

二、 由make构成的被动结构

(1) be made of意为“由……制成”,表示能从制成的成品中看得出是什么原材料做的。例如:

The desk is made of wood. 這张课桌是木头做的。

(2) be made from意为“由……制成”。表示从制成的成品中看不出是什么原材料做的。例如:

Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的。

(3) be made up of意为“由……组成”。例如:

The USA is made up of fifty states. 美国由50个州组成。

(4) be made in意为“……制造”。表示物品生产或制造于某地。例如:

The bike is made in Shanghai. 这自行车是在上海制造的。

三、 make用作使役动词

(1) make可用作使役动词, make sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”, do sth是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语;在被动语态中,用be made to do sth。 例如:

The boss made his workers work twelve hours a day. → The workers were made to work twelve hours a day. 老板逼迫工人每天工作12个小时。

(2) make后面可以用反身代词作宾语,其后的宾语补足语可以是过去分词。例如:

He made himself heard across the room. 整个房间的人都听见他说话。

(3) make后面的复合宾语可以是“名词/代词 + 形容词或名词短语”。例如:

Too much food made him ill. 他吃得太多,因而生了病。

篇5:make的用法

make +宾语+形容词(作宾语补足语)。如:Unfortunately, this function also makes estuaries very sensitive to enviro-mental pollution.不幸的是, 这个作用也使河口对环境污染很敏感。

当make+形容词(短语)+名词短语时,是一种倒装结构。为使句子结构保持平衡,通常将较长的名词短语移置补足语之后,不加引导词汇作形式宾语。如:The telescope made possible the observation of the far-off stars.望远镜使人们能够观察遥远的`星球。

篇6:make up的用法及例句

The teacher asked the students to make up a poem about Christmas.

Not having a good excuse, Sally made one up.

(2)弥补、把…补上。弥补的内容为某人之前失去的东西或没有按时完成的.事情。

John must make up the work he missed.

Because you were ill, you’ll have to make up the final exam.

We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.

(3)构成。其主语是若干个个体,其宾语为由这些个体构成的整体。当句子是被动结构时,其后应加of。

Nine players make up a team.

Different qualities make up a person’s character.

The audience was made up of very young children.

(4)化装、打扮。化装或打扮的部位是脸部,可同时作不及物动词和及物动词。

The actors were making (themselves) up when we arrived.

These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.

(5)凑足、补足。意为凑足或补足所需的数目。

The toy cost a dollar and Ted only had fifty cents, so Father made up the difference.

篇7:英语从句用法小结

一、主语从句

★ 定义:主语从句时名词性从句中的一种,指句中的主语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置:它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。

★ 连词:引导主语从句的连词有that, whether, 连接代词有who, what, which, 连接副词有when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句:That she was able to come made us very happy.Whether she will come or not is still a question.What we need is more time.Who will go makes no difference.Which team will win the match is still unknown.When they will start is not known yet.Where she has gone is a mystery.How this happened is not clear.Why he did that wasn’t.★ 引导主语从句的that不作成分,但不能省略。★ 由it作形式主语,常用句型有:

It is +名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句

It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.此外,还有以下常用结构: It turned out that… 结果是… It has been found that…已经发现… It has been proved that…已经证明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is well-known that…据说…

It is said/reported that…据说/据报道… It must be pointed out that…必须指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都没关系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫无区别

二、表语从句

★ 定义:表语是一个完整的句子。,由引导,有时可省略that.★ 位置:从句位于系动词之后。

★ 连词:引导标语从句的连词有that,whether, as if, 代词who, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why等。

★ 例句:That fact is(that)she never liked him.It could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal warming.这可能是此处的冰层覆盖对全球变暖不那么敏感。

The question is who can complete the difficult task.★ 注意:用because引导的标语从句仅限于以下一个句型 This/That/It is because(that)…

I think it’s because you are doing too much.主语是reason是,表语从句不能用why或because引导,只能用that.One reason why Hamlet is such a sucessful play is that it appeals to many different people.表语从句不能用if引导,但可用as if引导。He looked as if he was going to cry.三、同位语从句

★ 定义:同位语是一个名词,表示与前面名词相同的人或物,如“my friend John”中,John 是friend的同位语,the Yangtze, the longest river of China”中,river 是Yangtze的同位语。同位语从句即表示同位语是一个完整的句子。

★ 位置:同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步uom该名词的具体内容,或对该名词作进一步解释。

★ 可接同位语从句的名词一般是具有一定内容含义的名词:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, news, opinion, problem, promise, reason,truth等。

★ 连词:that(不能用which),连接副词when, how, why, whether, 连接代词what.★ 例句: His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.The problem whether this material can be used in our factory has not been solved.He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

★ 从意义上看,同位语从句是名词性从句,是对一个名词加以补充说明,而定语从句是形容词性的,是对一个名词加以修饰和限定。

★ 从结构上看,同位语从句是由连接词引导,连接词虽在从句中那个不充当任何成分,但不可省略。而定语从句中的关系代词代替先行词,并在句中充当成分(主语或宾语),充当宾语时常可省略。

★ 例句:The news(that)he told me is really encouraging.定语从句

The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.同位语从句

五、宾语从句

★ 定义:句中及物动词或介词的宾语是一个完整的句子。

★ 连词:连接宾语从句的连词有that, whether, if, 连接代词有 who,whose, what, which 以及连接副词有when, where, how, why。★ 结构:

主语+谓语+(连接词)+宾语从句(用陈述句语序)

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for? I wonder whether(if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.主语+谓语+it+宾补+that+宾语从句

篇8:As用法小结

一、as作为副词

as作为副词时,常用在形容词和副词的比较结构中,表示程度,意为“像……一样,同样地”;用于not as/so...as结构时,表示“与……不一样”。例如:

1) Tom runs fast, but I run just as fast (as him).汤姆跑得快,我跑得也一样快。

2) I have not as/so many books as you have.我的书没有你的那么多。

二、as作为介词

1. as用作介词时,后面常跟名词或代词,意为“作为”,表示人或物的作用、地位、角色、身份、职业等。例如:

1) As a student, you should work hard.作为一名学生,你应该努力学习。

2) He uses his coat as a blanket.他用衣服当毯子。

3) As a child, she was sent to abroad.还是个孩子的时候,她就被送到了国外。

2. as用作介词也可以表示“如,像”的意思。例如:

They got united as one man.他们团结得像一个人一样。

3. as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为“作为”,少数情况可引起宾语补足语。如:

She has me as one of her best friends.(引起宾语补足语)她把我当成好朋友之一。

三、as作为连词,引导状语从句

1. 引导的时间状语从句

as与when, while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词,当主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,从句表示的是一个持续性动作,三者可以互换使用,含义都是“当……的时候”。例如:

He fell asleep when (while/as) he was reading.他看书时睡着了。

正因为as引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”,“在……期间”,所以从句的谓语不能是表示状态、静态意义或进行时态的动词(如be, seem, love, know, have等)。因此,当下面第一句变为第二句这样的状语从句时,不能再用as,而应用when:

As a student he had known great poverty.

=When he was a student he had known great poverty.他当学生时,经历过很贫困的生活。

但是遇到下列情形时,往往只用as,而不用when或while。

(1)主从句表示的两个同时进行或交替进行的动作含有“一边……一边”的意思,通常用as:She sang as she went along她边走边唱。

(2)主从句表示的两个同步发生的动作或两个正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,一般用as:如:

1) As time goes on, things are getting better and better.随着时间的推移,情况越来越好。

2) As it grew darker, it became colder.天色越晚,天气越冷。

(3)主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作或行为,通常用as。例如:

I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。

2. 引导的原因状语从句

as, because, since都可以表示因果关系,连接原因状语从句,含义是“因为,由于”,但它们有区别:because表示的语气最强;as一般放在句首,语气较弱,较口语化;since常常用在书面语中,表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有时可译作“既然”。例如:

1) He will succeed because he works very hard.他一定会成功,因为他工作很认真。

2) Since you are so sure of it, he’ll believe you.既然你对此如此有把握,他会相信你的。

3) As it’s raining hard, we can not go climbing.天下着大雨,我们不能去爬山了。

3. 引导的让步状语从句

as与although(或though), however(或no matter how)等都可以引导让步状语从句,含义是“虽然,尽管”,但它们有区别:although语气稍正式些,可放在句首,也可放在句中,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet;as所表示的语气较强,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前,即引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略a/an;however引导让步状语从句时,它的后面可跟形容词或副词,也要用倒装语序。例如:

1) Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他虽然年纪相当大,仍然每天慢跑。

2) Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the acci-dent.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。

3) However hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.无论他怎样努力也达不到目标。

4) Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything.虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。

4. 引导的方式状语从句

as引导方式状语从句,相当于“in the way that”,作“像”、“正如”、“按照……的方式”解。如:He speaks English as Americans do.他像美国人那样说英语。

四、as作关系代词

1. as引导限制性定语从句

用在such, same, as, not so等之后,引导限制性定语从句。如:

1) I live in the same place as Tom does.我和汤姆住在同处。

2) He’s not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。

3) He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。

4) I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句

单独用作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前、之后或中间,且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开,用来指代整个句子的内容。如:

1) As was expected, he succeeded at last.正如我们所料,他终于成功了。

2) I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.我饭后喝咖啡,这是我的习惯。

3) Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the confer-ence.弗雷迪在参加会议,这是可以预料到的。

3. as与which的用法区别

(1)引导限制性定语从句的区别:as用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句时,它通常只用于such, same, as等之后,而which用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句时,则用于除such, same, as之外的其他结构。

(2)引导非限制性定语从句的区别:which引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只能位于主句后,而as引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前、之后或中间。

(3)根据从句谓语动词的特点来看,as在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词,但which不受此限制。如:

Li Ming was late, which made Mr.Zhang very angry.李明迟到了,这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)

根据句意的逻辑性来看,as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事,但which不受此限制。如:

1) He married her, as/which was natural.他和她结婚了,这是很自然的。

2) He married her, which was unexpected.他和她结婚了,这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)

五、含as的固定词组

1. as a matter of fact事实上,其实;2.as a result结果,终于,因此;3.as a result of...作为……结果,由于……结果;4.as a rule作为一个常规,通常,习以为常;5.as a whole作为一个整体(来看);6.as above如上;7.as...as ever像往常一样……;8.as...as possible尽可能地……;9.as before依旧;10.as early as...早在……;11.as(或so) far as we know就我们所知;12.as follows如下;13.as for(或as to)至于,讲到,关于;14.as good as跟……一样,几乎等于;15.as it is (was)当在句首时,表示“但在实际上”的意思。As it was, we did help them.事实上,我们的确帮了他们。而当这个词位于句末时,则表示“照原来样子”的含义。Leave the things as they are.别动这些东西;16.As many...as...如……一般多……;17.as matters stand按目前情况来说;18.as usual照例,照常;19.as well又,也,同样;20.as well as和……一样,不但……而且……;21.as/so long as只要;22.so much...as与其……不如……;23.as much以这种名义(身份);24.as if though好像,仿佛;25.so as to(后接不定式动词)为的是,以便……;以致……。

参考文献

[1]刘锐诚.学生实用英语高考必备[M].北京:中国青年出版社, 2006.

[2]徐广联.大学英语语法讲座与测试[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2000.

[3]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2003.

篇9:被动语态用法小结

学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况下需要使用被动语态。

1. 说话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省略by短语)。

例如:His computer was stolen last week. 他的电脑上星期被偷了。

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。

例如:Peter was given half an hour to decide whether he would accept the offer. 皮特被给了一个小时的时间决定是否接受这个提议。

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

例如:The singer got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. 這位歌星上了公交车,立刻就被人们认了出来。(一个主语就够了)

4. 用于It is said that从句及其他类似句型。

例如:It is said that the girl has passed the exam. = The girl is said to have passed the exam. 据说那个女孩通过了那场考试。

二、 被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成,be动词随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态如下:

一般现在时am/is/are+done

现在完成时has/have been done

现在进行时am/is/are being done

一般过去时was/were done

过去完成时had been done

过去进行时was/were being done

一般将来时shall/will be done

过去将来时should/would be done

在主动语态中,“情态动词+动词原形”作谓语,其被动形式为:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。

三、主动语态变被动语态的一般规律

1. 通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be+动词的过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by 短语)。

例如:My father planted the tree last year.→The tree was planted by my father last year.

Workers made the cars in Shanghai. →The cars were made in Shanghai.

2. 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而宾语补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。

例如:The old man painted the bed white yesterday. →The bed was painted white yesterday.

表示“使,让”的动词make, have等,以及感官动词see, feel, hear等,在主动语态中,接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词不定式前的to要省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的动词不定式必须带to。

例如:I hear her sing in the classroom. →She was heard to sing in the classroom.

3. 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to或for将其留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。

例如:My mother gave me the schoolbag last week. →The schoolbag was given to me last week./I was given the schoolbag last week.

一般来说,间接宾语前带to的动词有bring, give, lend, pass, post, send, show, take, tell, write 等;间接宾语前带for 的动词有book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。

4. 动词say, believe, consider, expect, know, report, suppose, think等的被动语态常有两种结构形式。

例如:Henry was said to get hurt in the car accident. = It was said that Henry got hurt in the car accident.

5. 短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。

例如:The student’s plan was laughed at by others. 这个学生的计划被其他人笑话了。

四、 主动语态表被动含义的几种情况

1. 英语中有很多动词,如sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, cut, burn 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表示被动含义,主语通常是物。

例如:This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。

【注意】主动语态表示被动含义强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较:The door won’t lock.(指门本身有毛病)

nlc202309030347

The door won’t be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,“门没有锁”是人的原因)

2. 有些不及物动词和不及物动词短语,如happen, appear, last, take place, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out等用主动形式表示被動含义。

例如:Our money has run out. 我们的钱用光了。

3. 系动词没有被动形式,其中有些感官动词如feel, sound, taste, smell等在主系表结构中常用主动形式表示被动含义。

例如:Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很有道理。

4. 动词不定式to blame, to let等用作表语时,通常要用主动形式表示被动含义。

例如:The house at the corner of the street is to let. 街角的那栋房子待租。

5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的动词不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动含义。

例如:The book is difficult to under-stand. 这本书很难理解。

【注意】这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后动词不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的动词不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe等。

6. 动词不定式用于某些动词(如have, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果动词不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动含义。

例如:Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗?

【注意】若动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动形式。

试比较:I have something to type.(指自己打字)

I have something to be typed.(指请人打字)

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