第一篇：湖北自考服务平台登录
湖北自考《英美文学选读》重点总结
上古及中世纪英国文学Old and Medieval English literature上古： 450 to 1066中世纪;1066-14世纪中叶 Celts
Old English poetry: the religious group and the secular oneChaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse.
The father of English poetryEnglish Homer In the medieval period ：use narrative verse of prose to tell stories of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.
第一章 文艺复兴时期
the Renaissance Period th 14th and mid-17Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Golden Age It started in Italy
Henry VIIIDefender of the Faith Bible in Englishancient Roman and Greekcultureclass strugglePetrarch
Christopher Marlowe ,William Shakespeare and 3威廉 莎士比亚William Shakespeare 1564-1616
Playwrights, dramatist,poets
1591-1611was in the prime of his dramatic career.
38plays 戏剧154sonnets 十四行诗2 long poems叙事诗 Stratford-on-Avon
”“an upstart crow”
:meditationeternal beautyorigin:Italy
“to be,or not to be-that is the question”
against Christians /Jews.
Two narrative poems
Juliet>
Six comedies: like it>
Romantic tragicomedies:<[eroc;es> Juliet> tragedy but optimistic 乐观spirit.
1 a play in the play
2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient myth.
3 several threads running through the play
4 combination of tragic and comic elements. Writing style: 1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(alliterateion头韵，simile明喻，metaphor暗喻) 3 use poetry in his play The theme of the sonnet:
1 express love and praise to a young man
2 immortalize beauty through verses 3friendship or betrayal of friendship
6约翰 弥尔顿John Milton 1608-1674
family天主教Latin blind.
失乐园 masterpiece. a story taken from “the old Testament” ,a long epic divided into 12 books ,taken from the Bible.the theme is “fall of man”
The main idea:to beg for mercy and worship his power were more shamefull and disgracefull than this downfall.
the most powerfull dramatic poem on the Greek model.
Three group:Athe early poetic worksBthe middle prose pamphlets
Cthe last great poems
The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton‟s creed.
第二章 新古典主义时期
the Neoclassical Period
1660-1798(18th century)
人社会动物industrial revolution 工业革命the RestorationGothic Novel:
1 content: magic, supernaturall elements, ghosts, monsters.
2setting: old castle, graveyard, dard forest
3atomsphere:horrible
The enlightenment movement(the age of reason )：启蒙运动
It was a progressive intellectuall 进步知道份子movement which flourished nd swept western Europe at the time. Its enlighten the whole world with the light of modern 哲学和艺术思想The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science,理性平等科学 and they also advocated universal 民普及教育
1约翰 班杨John Bunyan 1628-1688 18年坐牢，Christianity基督教
”the vanity fair”is the most successful religious allegory 宗教寓言in the English language.
search for spiritual salvation
Style: Moded after the Bible, language:e asy to read,colloquial, concrete and conciseform: allegorian form,reallystic,true to life.
3丹尼尔 笛福Daniel defoe 1660-1731
butcher‟s family 卖肉家庭English middle –class
masterpiece, Robinson is the empire builder,the pioneer colonist. The theme:
A man‟s strugglees against nature
B glorifyication of the bourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardship and determineation to improve his livelihood.
C glorifyication of labor(Robinson lives on his own hands)
笛福的创作特点：Defoe was a very good story-teller.he had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible可信 and fascinating神奇 .his sentences are sometimes short,crisp 短小干脆and plain,and sometimes long and rambling,which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration.his language is smooth,easy,colloquial口语 and mostly vernacular方言.there is nothing artificeial in his language: it is common English at its best.
4乔纳森 斯威夫特Jonathan Swift 1667-1745
the greatest satiric work
a greatest and bitterest satire.
Lilliputyahoosbitter satire
5亨利 菲尔丁Henry Fielding 1707-1754
Born of an old aristocratic family. 老贵族家庭“father of the English
“the third-person narration”第三人称叙述
“prose homer”散文荷马”
comic epic in prose”散文体喜剧史诗: 1 the descryiption in a grand style of classic epic.”classic epic”has:
A a great heroBcalls on MusesC give a list of names of godsD
compare small fights to great wars. 2 use verifyied language to narrate a small fight
3 different figure of speech .esp,irony讽刺,hyperbole夸张
费尔丁的语言特色：Fielding‟s language is easy, unlaboured and familiar,自然流畅通俗易懂but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic逻辑性 and rhythm,韵律性and his structure carefully planed towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively,dramatic dialogues 戏剧性对话and other theatrical devices such as suspendse,悬念coincidence巧合 and unexpectedness.出人意料
第三章 浪漫主义时期the
Romantic Period is an age of poetry.1798-1832
人的孤单状态
Passive , old and conservative :
“lake poets”William Words worthRobert Southey Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Active ,young and revolutionary: ByronShellyKeats
1威廉 布莱克William Blake 1757-1827
候看见过天使，他父亲死后他弟弟也死了，神秘主义。 An engraver 雕刻家
“fearful symmetry”可怕的匀称suggest the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation.
Childhood is central to Blake‟s concern in and The chimney sweeper.
《天堂与地狱的结合》marks his entry into maturity.成熟
2威廉 华兹华斯William Wordsworth1770-1850 Poet Laureate“桂冠诗人”，lake poets湖畔诗人，“大自然的膜拜者”Poet Laureate特点：孤独 自由 自然 His short poems „Subject:poems about nature 自然and poems about human life.人类生活
<我如行云独自游> simile明喻“inward eye”means human soul
The poet expresses his love for the daffodils.水仙花
<威斯敏斯特桥上有感>
<她住在人迹罕至的小路间》 <孤单的收割者>
5波 比 雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792-1822
与拜伦相比更进步一点，政治，经济的不公平，重视集体力量。自由。
西风颂
Shelly eulogyized the powerful west wing and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.
four-act poetic
7简 奥斯汀Jane Austen1775-1817 匿名发表anonymously
The major theme:Love and marriageconcern about human their personal relationships. 个人生活及人从她往下是写小说的，上面的是写诗的
处女作《理智与情感》
傲慢与偏见 =第一印象 ：Elizabeth 伊丽莎白
Darcy 达西Mrs.Bennet is a beautiful but empty-headed,snobbish势
力 and vulgar粗俗 woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich,handsome young men.
伊莉莎白的性格： A：Elizabeth is clever , alert, observant. She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizeing the characters of Bingley‟s sisters. She recognizes Mr.Collins‟character in his letter and after meeting him turns down firmly and with dignity his patronizing proposal. She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam,earning their respect and admiration.
B:Fearless and frank ,not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh ,she wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed. She is independent but not infallible in her judgment—taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham. She cannot be blamed for misjudgeing Darcy. C: She shows flexibility, discernment,and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy‟s defense in his letter and admits the justice of much of what h says. Thus beginning to lose her prejudice against him.
《爱玛》
第四章 维多利亚时期the
Victorian Period 1836-1901现实主义realistic 工业革命
Chartist movement (1836-1848)宪章运动
“art for art‟s sake‟
Victorian literaturediversity.文学多样化
Darwin‟s
1查尔斯 狄更斯Charles Dickens 批判现实主义作家he is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age.
作品特点：he is a master withhis characterized by a mingling of humor and p吸引读者，悲情大师，幽默与哀伤交汇
Child characters :oliver twist奥利弗，特维斯物,little nell小奈尔,david copperfield大卫科波菲尔,little dorrit小多利特.
雾都孤儿
“let it not be supposed by the enemies of „the system‟ that during the period of his solitary incarcerateon. Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the adventages of religious consolation.”
A:The sentence is a typical,example of irony.反语 What Dickens intends to say is just the opposite of the sentence‟s literal meaning.
B:for the “benefit” of exercise, Oliver was whipped鞭打 every morning in a stone yard, for the “pleasure"of society, he was carried every other day into the dining hall and flogged 鞭打as a public warning and example to the boys; and as for the “adventages”of religious consolation安慰, he was kicked into the same apartment every evening at prayer time and listened to the boy‟s prayer to be guarded against his sins and vices.罪恶行为
C:the ironic statement is ,in fact, a bitter denunciation 谴责and fierce attack at the brutal,inhuman treatment of the poor orphan孤儿by the workhouse济贫院 authority.权力
《老古玩店》 《皮克威克外传》 <>《大卫科波菲尔》
《董贝父子》 《双城记》 《荒凉山庄》 《小多利特》 《艰难时世》
《远大前程》 《我们共同的朋友》
2布朗蒂姐妹the Bronte sisters Charlotte bronte 1816-1855
《简爱》家庭教师governess heroine，represents middle-class working women.Mr.Rochester
简爱的性格特点：Jane Eyre is quick will,honesty, frankness,and shi has the spirit of independence and self-dignity. 《教授 》
Emilybronte:poet,193poems.呼啸山庄
Catherine凯瑟琳,Hindley辛德利,Edgar,Isabella,Heathcliff希斯克利夫 protagonist:Prufrock is neurotic神经
质,self-important,自以为是illogical不讲逻辑 and incapable of action.优柔寡断 The setting”polite society”彬的社会anti-romantic反浪漫主义
《荒原》433行5部分,spiritual breakup
《星期三的烟灰》 《四个四重奏》 Dramatists Prose writer:
“stream-of-consciousness’
5戴维 伯特 劳伦斯 David Herbert Lawrence 1885-1930
普通矿工家庭，作品被禁读，小说家，美国独立战争，Civil War 内战 鼓点
涉水的骑兵，a scene of the American civil war,美国内战景象the picture are frozen凝固,they come out of the watcher’s imagination.出于观察者的想像。 自我之歌 =”poem of walt Whitman,an American”=”walt Whitman”
Two beliefs:the theory of universality普遍性信仰and the belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value.个别性和平等性
Language characteristic:
use oral English口语,vocabulary is amazing词汇惊人,rarely-use words罕见词, foreign origin words外国第一个按国际标准考虑自己职业的美国作家。
1915年入英国籍，羡慕欧洲文明。 Henry james concerned with the”inner world”of man.
He is also concerned with the International terms 国际方面
His language is simple and colloquial.口语
三个时期：
1早期in the first period 1865-1882international theme
《美国人》 《黛西 米勒》中篇 the free spirit of the new world美国精神的代表。温特伯恩说“黛西是我所见到的最漂亮最和蔼„„最天真的姑娘”
Anne Bronte
6托马斯 哈代Thomas hardy
“Wessex”sympatheticnostalgic怀旧fatepessimistsDarwin’s “survival of the fittestconflict with the environment
第五章 现代时期the
modern period19世纪末—20世纪初
Modernism rose out of skepticism怀疑论 and disillusion of capitalism. French symbolsm ,appearing in the late 19 century healed modernism. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted,and ill relationships between man and nature,man and society,man and man,and man and himself.
Modernism is,in many aspects,a reaction against realism.
The 1930s witnessesd great economic depressions,mass unemployment,and was known as “the red thirtyes”
The first “angry young man”:愤怒青年Osborne奥斯伯恩
The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is SamuelBeckett,his first play
He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare. 没有受过高等教育的人反对资本主义剥削，相信共产主义。
He is considered to be the best-known english since Shakespeare. 的
plays 问题剧only one passion: indignation唯一愤怒的情感 卡歇尔 拜伦的职业
《鳏夫的房产》slum贫民窟 landlordism租房制度 the oppression/exploitation剥削压迫 of women.
萧伯纳的作品人物塑造特点：
A:One feature of shaw‟s characterizehe makes the trick of showing up展示 one character vividly at the expense of 贬低损害another.
B:another feature is that Shaw‟s characters are the和角色发生倒转错位is also used in character portrayal to achieve comic effects.
4TS埃略特Thomas Stearns Eliot1888-1965
出生美国，后1927成为英国公民
《JA布鲁富劳克的情歌》
长诗 it presents the meditateion 沉思of an aging young man 上了年纪over the businesss of proposing marriage求婚问题.dramatic monologue, 戏剧独白the
母亲是上流社会 psychological exploration心理透析 Proficient poet 多产诗人
劳伦斯三部曲：”the lawrence trilogy”
1矿工的周五夜晚
2儿媳
3守寡的霍尔罗伊德夫人
儿子与情人autobiographyical novel Mrs.Morel
白孔雀 过客
虹is a story about the three generations of the Brangwen family on the Marsh farm.
恋爱中的女人to be a better-structured/more profoundly ordered novel.
Chatterley’s lover>查泰莱夫人的情人
劳伦斯的诗分三类：
1satirial and comic poems
3poems about nature
mechanical civilizationis responsible for the development of human personalities,the perversion of love and the failure of human fulfillment in marital relationships 劳伦斯艺术特色：
A：Lawrence‟s artistic tendency is mainly realism,which combines dramatic scenes with an authoritative可靠权威 commentary评论
B:his language is simplicity 简单and directness直接
C:Lawrence makes use of poetic imagination and symbolism in his writing.
第二部份 美国文学
第一章 浪漫主义时期 the
romantic period18世纪末到内战爆发前before the American civil war(美国的文艺复兴)
New England Transcendentalism 超验主义
3纳撒尼尔 霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864
怀疑心理，矛盾心理ambivalent writer， 双重,不讲犯罪过程puritan family
Hawthorne‟s intellectuals 知识份子rae usually villains.恶棍
红字heroine:Hester allegorist讽喻家symbolism象征 小伙子布朗 尽人皆知的故事 古屋青苔 雪的形象
有七个尖角阁的房子
玉石雕像
4华尔特 惠特曼walt Whitman 1819-1892
有个向前走的孩子
草叶集 monumental work,歌颂整个美国和自我。American democratic ideals美国民主思想 the Revolutionary War
词 ,wrong words错词,free-flowing ,simple and crude质朴野味,without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.没有固定的节奏和韵律
“free verse”自由体诗， Mark by theUse of poetic”I”诗用第一人称，家常随意不讲究死规矩sexual love topic,性爱作品。
5赫尔曼 麦尔维尔Herman Melville学霍桑 怀疑主义
is regarded as first American prose epic.美国第一部散文体史诗
Moby dick symbolize: 1 mystery of the universe 2power of the great nature 3evil of the world
泰比 奥穆 玛地
雷得本 白外衣 皮埃尔
探索信仰的矛盾
“bartleby,the scrivener”is a short story.短篇
“benito cereno”is a novella.中篇
第二章 现实主义时期the
realistic period 1865-1914
Darwin达尔文 influence on literary naturalism.自然主义
1马克 吐温Mark Twain 笔名 1835-1910
原名：samuel Langhorne Clemens 萨缪尔 朗荷恩 克莱门斯
小说家 儿童 humor诙谐 幽默American folk humor
从乐观主义向悲观主义转变 “damned human race”可恨的人类，language is simple,direct, lucid,and faithful to “vernacular方言土语”local color 乡土气息
H.L Mencken said he is “the true father of our national literature”门肯说他是“我们真正的民族文学之父” 《加拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙第一部幽默小说
《傻瓜出国记》 《含辛如苦》
密西西比河上的生活
《汤姆 索亚历险记》
《哈克贝里。芬》”all modern American literature comes”所有现代美国文学之源
《镀金时代》
《亚瑟王宫庭中的美国佬》 《败坏哈德莱堡的人》 《神秘的陌生人》
2亨利 詹姆斯 Henry jame 1843-1916
The forerunner of the 20th ”els and the, the founder of
《欧洲人》
画像》
different themes and forms in his middle period不同的主题和形式
《波士顿人》 《卡撒玛西玛公主》
《私生活》短篇小说 《狮之死》 《中年》
《螺丝在拧紧》
《丛林猛兽》
3 后期in his last and major period
《梅西所知道的》中短篇
《鸽翼》 《专使》 《金碗》
Literary criticism文学批评：注重形式又注重价值concern with form and devoted to human values.
《小说的艺术》：to aim to present life小说的目的是现实生活
Henry james‟ fiction is characterized by:highly refined 高雅language.
James is not so easy to understand.heis often highly refined and insightfull.with a large vocabulary,he is always accurate in toexpression for his literary imagination. 他的语言不易读懂，高雅而富有见解，词语丰富，措辞准
He also advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him, even the disagreeable异端,the ugly 丑的and the 普通
3艾米利 狄金森Emily Dickinson1830-1886
1755首诗，500多首关于自然的。 诗无题 首名引用，用词简洁，直率，平易，拟人的手法
破折号：韵律节奏 大写：强调
tylove andnature 宗教死亡不朽爱情和自然
这是我给世界的信
死亡的：
如果郎君秋日来
盛夏有一日
不得与君同住
我是妻，那时已做完
4西奥多 德莱塞Theodore Dreiser1871-1945
Naturalist自然主义代表，no money no friendin power,no formal education worthy of mention,on family tradition in letters.只是在创作上更具讽刺意味，更加悲观pessimists Prolific writer多产作家
嘉莉妹妹Hurstwood赫斯伍德物质 性 金钱查尔斯 德鲁埃
“trilogy of Desire‟《欲望》三部曲：
<.the financeier>《金融家》 《巨头》 《斯多葛》
《天才》一个被“误解的艺术家”的故事
《美国悲剧》the greatest work克莱德Clyde‟s tragedy is a tragedy that depends upon the Ameican sociall system which encouraged people to pursue the”dream of success”at all costs.
Naturalism emphasized heredity andas important forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.强调遗传和环境人物在特定条件下的决定性力量。
A welter of inscrutable forces“一团高深莫测的各种力量的纠缠”
To him, life is “so sad,so strange ,so mysterious and so inexplicable”人类是各种力量交织在一起的受害者，这些力量人类是无法控制的。
Darwinist idea of “survival of the fittest”达尔文“适者生存”的思想影响
“kill or to be kill”“要么杀人，要么被杀”
For lack of concision,readers are sometimes burdened with massive detailed descriptions of characters and events,though the time sequence is clear and the plot straightforward,he has been always accused of being awkward in sentence structure,inept and occasionally flatly tion and meaning, and mixed and disorganized in voice and means of communication rather than 繁的描写之累，时间顺序清楚，情节简单，但句子结构不自然，用词不准确，在语态和语气上组织不严密。对他来说，语言只是传达思想，而非艺术形式。
第三章 现代主义时期
1914-1918第一次世界大战
美国现代主义的特点是反传统，求创新。
2罗伯特 弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost1874-1963
获奖最多，诗歌最好， 象征暗喻Pulitzer prize普利策文学奖，4次。serious poet 严肃诗人New England life 新英格兰
对人类生活的爱和地劳动后详和宁静的赞美，创作风格平易自然，但很优雅，诗的语言口语化，节奏上如谈家常，不紧不慢。半自由体或半传统诗体。
一个男孩的愿望，第一本书
波士顿以北人的一本书
新罕普什尔
理性假面具 怜惘假面具
摘苹果后 indifference不在乎在关心 to what he once desired
《未选择的路》meditateive poem 沉思the road symbolize life’s journey
第一次普利策奖雪夜林边停， 第二次诗集西流之溪
第三次《更远的境界》 第四次《证人树》收入《直率的礼物》约翰肯它迪总统就职吟诵
4司各特 菲兹杰拉德Scott Fitzgerald1896-1940
金钱的堕落，早期爵士时代 the Jazz Age，the upper-class young people.
of paradese>第一篇小说《人间天堂》获zelda sayre大奖 美国梦的破裂the bankruptcy of the amerian dream.gatsby is the last of the romantic heros.gatesby‟s failure magnifyies the end of the American dream.the detailed descryiptions of big parties to show emptiness of life.
Fitagerald‟s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the jazz age,especially the upper-class young people. He is a great stylist in literature,he follows the Jamesian tradition in using the scenic method in his chapters, each one of which consists of one or more dramatic scenes,leaving the tedious processs of transition to the readers‟ imagination. Moths are used metaphorically to refer to those people who are drawn to the party simply for its glamour,for the wealth of Galsby.Describe Gatsby „s extravagance.浪费
5欧内斯特 海明威Ernest ( Miller ) Hemingway1899-1961
Nobel Prize 1954年诺贝尔文学奖,出生医生家庭
简洁terseness口语colloquialism 乡土气息简短short清晰明了clearness以少胜多”less is more” “grace under pressure”在生活的重压下保持自尊is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had works.he depicts characters as brave and unjielded heroes.
The Style of colloquyialism口语体,full of acents and mannerisms and the use of short ,simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of clearness.
“则
“the dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.”冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面。Without any authorial comments,without conventionally emotive language,and with a bare minimum of adjectives and adverbs.
What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?
A they have seen the cold world and for one cause or another,the boldly and courageously face the reality;whatever the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. B almost all his heroes are”soldiers”either in a narrow or broad sense.they are out there to fight against nature or the world,or even themselves.but no matter where the battleground is and how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. C Hemingway himself is one of those Code heroes;some critics say his protagonists are autobiographyical,for they share something that is Hemingway.
D the code with the honesty, the discipleine,and the restraint. 在我们的时代
《印地安营地》Nick Adams尼克亚当斯 , the wound is a symbol . 受伤是一种象征Nick’s initiation into the pain and violence of birth and death.接触生和死的痛苦和粗暴it is an outward and visible sign of an inward and spirituall disgrace.受伤是精神世界推动尊严的外部表现。
太阳照样升起 永别了，武器 丧钟为谁敲响
老人与海 masterpiece
没有女人的男人
被击败的人 杀人者
五十个大人物
午后的死亡 美国的青山 开利吉普车扎若之雪
拥有与缺乏
6威廉 福克纳William Faulkner 1897-1962
Set in the American south, his emphasis on the southern subjects 以美国南方为背景，强调南方主题和南方意识。 Nortern Mississippi Yoknapatawpha county.
第一卷诗集 第一部小说 四部小说;
喧嚣与骚动 八月之光
摩西，走下去 《押沙龙，押沙龙》
我弥留之际 疯狂的手掌 小屋 寓言 小镇 大夏
给爱米丽的玫瑰 spinster 老处女is a symbol of the old south.旧南方的象征。Rose as a symbol of love.and also stand for the pity,sympathy.
“an dyesore among eyesores” is means the most unpleasant thing to look at. 1she refuses to accept the passage of time
2she is a prisoner of the past 3she is a symbol of the old south
爱米丽是一个不愿意接受由于时间变迁而一切都改变的古怪的人，她是为过去所束缚的旧南方的象征。 文体特点：his prose,marked by long and embedded sentences, complex syntax,and vague reference pronouns on the one hand and a variety of”Registers”of the English language on the other,is very difficult to read,it is not surpriseing to find in Faulkner’s writings his syntaxctical structures and verbals paralleled,negatives balanced against positives,compounded adjectives swelling his sentences,complex modifying elements placed after the nouns. In contrast,Faulkner could sound very casual or informal sometimes ,he captured the dialects of the Mississippi characters,includeing Negroes and the redneck,as well as more refined and educated narrators like Quentin.As to the symbols and imageries,they are most of them drawn from nature.句子长，用复合句子，指称模糊，用各种语体，读起来难懂，词语排比，肯定否定并用，复合式形容词，长串修饰，方言土语(密西西比河地区)象征源于自然。
William Shakespeare
A summer’s day:here it may refer to a period or the season of summer. Date:the period of a lease.
Untrimmed:striped of gay apparel Ow’st:ownest
Lines:such as the lines of this poem and other sonnets
Answer:have dealings with Qualify:limit Loose:abandon Enow:enough
Of force:of necessity
Offence:condition of being hurt in one’s feelings,displeasure Fretten:disturbed
Abject:wretched miserable Tainted wether:sick sheep Fleet:pass by quickly Ravenous:greedy
Cureless:unableto be cured Hard by:nearby
Difference:focus of the dispute Seasons:moderates Tenour:terms
On you charge:you are responsible for the expenses
What of that:it is not important Use:habit
A love:a bosom friend By:here ,present Scale:balance
At thy peril:at your own risk Rehears’d:referred to Recant:cancel withdraw Meet:appropriate
Slings and arrows:attacks Perchance:maybe
Give us pause:make us hesitate Contumely:contempt Fardels:burdens Grunt:groan Bourn:boundary
Conscience:consciousnesss Pith:significance,importantce
John Milton Study:pursuit
Doubted his empire:was afraid for his sovereignty
Empyreal:heavenly,sublime
Compeer:companyion,equal,peer Of force:perforce,necessaryily Suffice:satisly
In the gloomy deep:in Chaos Afflicted powers:stricken armies
Daniel defoe House-side:wall
Nothing near:in on way,not in the least
Optics:mechanicsms for seeing
In its place:in its proper place,that is,in the following account
Jonathan swift Desire liberty:beg leave or permission
Cut a caper:jump about in a joyfull manner
Summerset:somersault Courser:a swift horse Took:jump over Intelligence:news
The foot:the foot soldier,infantry Man-mountain:Gulliver
Express order:clearly-stated order Allowance:something provided regularly,provision
Henry fielding<>tom jones Occasioned:aroused Repaired to:went to
Missile weapons:things that can be thrown to hit people
Hinder head:back of the head Stour:a river
William blake
from songs of experience
Heath:uncultivated land covered with shrubs
Clothes of death:clothes in dark color
Aspire:have ambition for something Sinews:muscles
Lamb:symbol of peace and purity.
William wordsworth
A crowd/a host,of:a large number of Vacant:empty,thoughtless
Steep:means to bathe or shine on
Dove:the name of a river
Highland:refers to the northern part of Scotland
A melancholy strain:a sad tune Chaunt:chant
lay:a short lyrical poem meant to be sung
Percy bysshe shelley
Clarion:a high,shrill trumpet
Angels of rain and lightening: the clouds
第二篇：湖北自考学士学位申请条件及申请流程
湖北自考学位申请条件
(1)申请学士学位的考生要通过自考，取得了本科全部课程的合格证书，完成了毕业论文并通过论文答辩，经审核准予毕业，表明考生确已较好掌握本学科的基础理论，专门知识和基本技能，并具有从事科学研究或担负专门技术工作的初步能力。
(2)然后，申请学士学位的考生所学专业的学位课程平均成绩70分以上(单科不低于65分)，并通过学位英语考试或全国英语四级。学位英语考试是一年一度的，每年三月初报名四月底考试，必须携带第二代身份证去报名，如果身份证消磁了，那不就不能报了，等下次。学位英语难度不大，和英语三级难度差不多。学位英语没报上或者考试没过但还想申请学位证的同学，可参加英语四级考试，若通过四级，学位英语可免考。 (3)通过所有课程才可申请学位证。
(4)学校自考生申请学位证必须在毕业半年内，过期了则不能申请了。
办理范围
取得了本科全部课程的合格证书，完成了毕业论文并通过论文答辩，经审核准予毕业的考生方可申请学位。
湖北自考学位申报时间4 、6 月底自考主考学校学士学位主管部门和学术委员会按要求对申请学位者逐个评审，评审合格，授予学士学位，未通过者不再补授。具体申办请时间向当地自考办咨询。 湖北自考学位申办程序 自考生申报自考学位程序如下：
(1)高等教育自考本科毕业生符合学士学位审批条件，于发毕业证的同时(一般3 月初)向当地教育考试院或自考办公室提出申请，填写学士学位表一式2 份，交近期2 寸免冠照片一张。
(2)市考试院或自考办对申请人档案材料(包括本科毕业生鉴定表、毕业论文原件及论文成绩单)和毕业生填写的自考学士学位评定表进行审定，无误后，于3 月底报省考试院。 (3)省考试院整理汇总各市地申报的自考学士学位材料，进行初审，初审合格者将考生档案材料与学土学位名册于每年4 月推荐给有授予权的主考学校。
注意事项
湖北省自考生学位不授予对象
高等教育自考考试本科毕业生有下列情况之一者，不能授予学士学位： (1 )有违反四项基本原则的言行，或受学校及工作单位纪律、行政处分者; (2 )考试期间，有违纪、舞弊行为受到处理者; (3 )未取得申请学士学位外国语统考合格证书者;
第三篇：湖北工业大学自考毕业论文成绩评定标准
1.优秀(85分以上)
(1)论文选题好，内容充实，能综合运用所学的专业知识，以正确观点提出问题，能进行精辟透彻的分析，并能紧密地结合实际情况，有一定的应用价值和独特的见解和鲜明的创新;
(2)材料典型真实，既有定量分析，又有定性分析;
(3)论文结构严谨，文理通顺，层次清晰，语言精练，文笔流畅，书写工整、正确、清晰、规范;
(4)答辩中回答问题正确、全面，比较深刻，并有所发挥，口语清晰、流利。
2.良好(75分以上)
(1)论文选题较好，内容较充实，具有一定的分析能力;
(2)独立完成，论点正确，但论据不充足或说理不透彻，对问题的本质上
论述不够深刻;
(3)材料较具体，文章结构合理，层次比较清晰，有逻辑性，表达能力也
较好，图表基本正确，运算基本准确;
(4)在答辩中回答问题基本清楚，无原则性错误。
3.合格(60分以上)
(1)论文选题一般，基本上做到用专业知识去分析解决问题，观点基本正确，基本独立完成，但内容不充实，缺乏自己见解;
(2)材料较具体，初步掌握了调查研究的方法，能对原始资料进行初步加工;
(3)文章有条理，但结构有缺陷;论据能基本说明问题，能对材料作出一般分析，但较单薄，对材料的挖掘缺乏应有的深度，论据不够充分，不够全面;
(4)文字表达基本清楚，文字基本通顺，图表基本正确，无重大数据错误;
(5)在答辩中回答问题尚清楚，经提示后能修正错误。
4.不合格(60分以下)
(1)文字的观点有严重错误;
(2)有论点无论据，或死搬硬套材料和参考书上的观点，未能消化吸收;
(3)离题或大段抄袭别人的文章，并弄虚作假;
(4)缺乏实际调查资料，内容空洞，逻辑混乱，表达不清，语句不通;
(5)在答辩中回答问题有原则性错误，经提示不能及时纠正。
说明：
1.论文定稿格式不正确，不得评为优秀和良好等次。
2.凡毕业论文成绩在75分以上均可作为申请学位中毕业考核的有效成绩。
3.网上参考文献可以借鉴，杜绝抄袭，上期开始针对自考毕业论文，考试院已启用查重系统。
第四篇：网络精品课程制作平台登录及作业完成方法
网络精品课程制作平台登录方法
1、打开以下网址：
2、登录帐号：你的学号;密码：身份证号。
3、登录后点击页面上面的“学习中心”，然后再点击创业设计班级后面的“进入 ”链接，此时正式进入《创业设计》网络课程。
4、点击《创业设计》网络课程首页上面菜单栏中的“作业与考试”，进入后即可看到每章作业(如不会写创业计划的同学，请全部完成各章作业作为替代，也就是说各位同学要不就写创业计划，要不就全部完成网上各章作业，二选一即可)。
5、进入相应作业页面，请首点击页面最下面的“提交作业”(这时可能会有部份同学提示需要下载更新，请各位按提示去做)，提交后在页面最下面才会出现一个编辑框给各位完成作来。做完后记得点 “保存答案”。
6、点击《创业设计》网络课程首页上面菜单栏中的“学生作品”，各位可以以此作为写《创业计划》和《ERP实践报告》的参考。
第五篇：学校学籍管理员帮助班主任重置教育技术服务平台登录密码方法
区县学籍管理员为学校学籍管理员重置教育技术服务平台密码，学校学籍管理帮助班主任重置教育技术服务平台登录密码的方法相同。
1、登录教育技术服务平台计算机端。
2、开打用户用中心找到用户
点击“用户中心” →“用户”→点击“用户列表”→在右侧显示本机构内的用户列表中找出要找回密码的用户(可通过搜索查找)
3、重置密码 点击需要重置密码的用户，点后面的“重置密码”。
选“直接重置”
点“确定”
把新密码发给申请重置密码的用户即可。
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