大学英语语法总结

总结是一种事后记录方式，针对于工作结束情况、项目完成情况等，将整个过程中的经验、问题进行记录，并在切实与认真分析后，整理成一份详细的报告。如何采用正确的总结格式，写出客观的总结呢？以下是小编整理的关于《大学英语语法总结》，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助！

第一篇：大学英语语法总结

初一英语语法总结

初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，

一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词

A)、名词的数(

   )

                                           



一)直接接s 如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,

documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s),

Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格(       

)

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成              如下：

一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day妇女节

由and连接两个词，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词(   )

人称代词      物主代词       指示代词



    反身代词

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词(  ) A) 第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s，如下：一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B) 现在分词      

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，                   ing 构成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

二、初一英语语法——句式

1.陈述句(  ) 肯定式(  )

a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定式(  )

b) a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句     肯定祈使句

a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句

1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes,

they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. ② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. ③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. ④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com. ⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00. ⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table. ⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black. ⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、初一英语语法——时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano. 行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any

tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远) good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词 (基变序，有规则;

一、

二、三，自己背;

五、

八、

九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

第二篇：初一英语语法总结

在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下：

一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一)在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas

二)x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes

三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories

以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：

people,bpants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡

十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs 十二)特殊形式的有：

child-children, man-men , woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是之s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节,classmates’ ; Children’s Day六一节,Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目：人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称

单数I、me、my、mine、myself

复数we、us、our、ours、ourselves

第二人称

单数you、you、your、yours、yourself

复数you、you、your、yours、yourselves

第三人称

单数she、her、her、hers、herself、he、him、his、his、himself、it、、it、its、this、that、itself

复数they、them、their、theirs、these、those、themselves

3、动词

A)第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一)一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains

二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys

四)以o结尾加es。如：does,goes

五)特殊的有：are-is,have-has

B)现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于

初一英语语法总结--句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句

a)This is a book.(be动词)

b)He looks very young.(连系动词)

c)Iwant a sweater like this.(实义动词)

d)I can bring somethings to school.(情态动词)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)

否定陈述句

a)These aren’t their books. b)They don’t look nice. c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School. d)Kate can’t find her doll.

e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.

b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in , please.

否定祈使句

a)Don’t be late.

b)Don’t hurry.

3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句

a)Is Jim a student?

b)Can I help you?

c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答:

a)Yes,he is.

b)Yes,you can.

c)Yes,she does.

d)Yes,they do.

e)Yes,she is.

否定回答:

a)No,he isn’t.

b)No,you can’t.

c)No,she doesn’t.

d)No,they don’t.

e)No,she isn’t.

2)选择疑问句

Is the table big or small?

回答It’s big./It’s small.

3)特殊疑问句

①问年龄How old is Lucy?She is twelve.

②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well / fine. ④问方式How do / can you spell it? L – double O - K. How do we contact you ? Mye-mail address is president@xueersi.com. ⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club? ⑥问时间What’s the time?(=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up ,Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want to go ? Let’s go at 7:00. ⑦问地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧问颜色What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black. ⑨问人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto? ⑩问东西What’s this / that (in English)? It’s a pencilcase. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen. /She’s Helen.

What’s your firs tname? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? Myfamily name’s Smith.

12问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13问字母What letter is it ?It’s big D / small f.

14问价格How much are these pants ?They’re 15 dollars. 15问电话号码What’s your phone number ? It’s 576-8349.

16问谓语(动作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

17问职业(身份)What do you do?I’m a teacher.

What’s your father?He’s a doctor.

第三篇：高二英语语法总结

魔法课

英语语法是一样繁琐的知识，对于处于懒散状态的高二学生来说，更加不想要去背和接触，下面提高了一些关于高二英语语法的总结，希望派上用场。

主谓一致

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。(最基本的)

2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。

3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with ，along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。

5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》

8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.

9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数

10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

11、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。(这个就是就近原则)

12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。

14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。

省略

Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、 当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。

2、 Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

1、 感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。

2、 在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用

倒装

1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装: 2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装: 注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。

3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动，句子用全部倒装:

注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。

4. only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时，

要部分倒装:

注：①主句倒装，从句不倒装。

②Only+主语置于句首时，不倒装。

5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时，要部分倒装:

6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中，前面的句子要部分倒装:

注：not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。

7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表相同概念的肯定或否定时，要全部倒装:

e.g.:

I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he. She is a teacher, so am I.

8.so/such…that句型中，把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装:

9.as引导的让步状语从句，常把表语、状语置于主首，用倒装:

注：如果表语是单数可数名词，该词前一般不加冠词。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时，用倒装:

11. Such作表语放在句首时，表示强调，用倒装:

12. 为了保持句子平衡，或使上下文连接更紧，可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前，用全部倒装语序:

过去分词与现在分词

一、现在分词和过去分词的构成(形式)

现在分词的构成

主动语态 被动语态

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

过去分词的构成：done

二、过去分词的用法

过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。

过去分词用法如下：

1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面;如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。

2.作表语

3.作宾语补足语

4.作状语

三、现在分词的用法

1. 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语，一般放在名词的后面，它的功用相当于定语从句。

2. 作表语

3. 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。

注1：上述句子也可以变为被动式。如：Steam can be seen rising

from the wet clothes.

注2：复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指事物的全过程;分词则表示动作正在进行。

Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 这是一句英文谚语意思是只要有耐心，总会走好运。

第四篇：小学英语语法总结

在小升初备战的关键时刻，同学们一定要把各科的知识点进行系统的整理，让自己的知识立体化、结构化。丁博士帮同学们整理了小学英语语法总结。

小学英语语法总结

一、名词的复数。

名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.

可数名词的复数变化规则:

1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens

2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries

4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,

5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,

6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,

二、时态小结

时态定义特征动词的变化规则

一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作.every day/morning/„

usually第三人称单数的变化情况:

1.一般情况在词尾直接加-s

2.以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况.yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/month

a minute ago/an hour ago

this morning/afternoon/evening动词过去式的变化情况:

1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed

2. 以e结尾的词加-d

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed

4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed

现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作.now/ look/ listen现在分词的变化情况:

1.一般情况在词尾直接加-ing

2.以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing

3.以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing

一般将来时表示将要发生的事情tomorrow

the day after tomorrow/

the next day/Monday„

at the weekend/tonight

tomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要构成

be going to/will + 动词原形

be +形容词

凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may，will后的一定要用动词的原形完整版的小学英语语法总结，请点击链接在优教网上免费下载>>小学英语语法总结.doc小学英语语法口诀

现在进行时用法

主语在句首，am, is, are跟在后，

现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。

表示动作正进行，句中now时间定。

一般问句，把be提到句前去。

否定句式也简单，be后只把not添。

特殊疑问句用法

What用途广，要问“什么”它当先。(What’s this?)How开头来“问安”。(How are you?)

Who问“谁”。(Who’s that man?)

“谁的”Whose来承担。(Whose eraser is this?)询问“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)“哪一个”Which句首站。(Which one?)

动词加-s或-es方法歌诀

动词三单现在式，一般词尾加-s。

s, x, ch, sh在词尾，直接加上-es。

词尾若是字母o，加上-es不用愁。

“辅音字母+y“来结尾，变y为i是正规。-es后边紧跟随，study→studies看明白。“be going to”的用法口诀

be going to, 表打算，准备、计划将干。

表可能，有必然，通过现象来推断。

使用它，要注意，疑问形式be提前。

否定句，更简单，not放在be后边。

to之后，动原形，be的形式看人称。

下列词，要注意，come go和离去(leave)

进行时，表将来，牢牢记住莫忘记。

祈使句用法

祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。

主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。否定形式要注意，句首要把Don’t加。要讲客气用please，句首句末没关系。过去式之歌

标准过去式加-ed，少量不规则分别记，am和is对was，二人称复数are变were，have和has用had，do和does变did。规则动词过去式构成方法口诀

过去式构成有方法，一般词尾把-ed加。如果词尾有个e，直接加d就可以。

“辅音字母+y”在词尾，变y为i加ed。“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后-ed加。have/has的用法口诀

动词have表示“有”，位置就在主语后。“三单”主语用has，其他人称用have。There be句型用法口诀

There be句型有特点，主语放在be后边。主语单数用is，复数主语要用are。变否定，很简单，be后要把not添。变问句也不难，把be提到there前。

肯定句中用some，否定/疑问要用any换。

第五篇：初二英语语法总结（范文）

初二英语语法总结

一. 知识点总结： 一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.

will do 结构表示将来的用法：

1. 表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2. 表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成：

(1)will+主语+do„? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be „?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won‟t

否定句构成：will + not (won’t)+do

Sarah won‟t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词+will+主语+„?What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根据例句，用will改写下列各句

例：I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow)

I‟ll be better tomorrow.

1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)

_____________________________

2. I’m tired now. (sleep later)

_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)

_____________________________

4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later)

_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)

_____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I‟ll sleep later.

3. They‟ll buy one soon.

4. We‟ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it‟ll be better tomorrow.

(二)should的用法：

should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.

例如：I think you should eat less junk food.

我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

Students shouldn‟t spend too much time playing computer games.

学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。

学习向别人提建议的几种句式：

(1)I think you should„

(2)Well, you could„

(3)Maybe you should „

(4)Why don’t you„?

(5)What about doing sth.?

(6)You’d better do sth.

用should或shouldn’t填空

1. I can‟t sleep the night before exams.

You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.

2. Good friends ______ argue each other.

3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.

4. They didn‟t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.

5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day. 答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should

(三) 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。

1. 构成

was /were + doing，例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o‟clock last night.

at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.

all afternoon是时间段

2. 过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。

At that time she was writing a book.

那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.

2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______(have)a party.

3. When I _____(come)into the classroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.

4. She _____ ______(play)computer games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday afternoon.

5. I _____ ______(have)a shower when you _______(call)me yesterday. 答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading

4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called

(四) 间接引语 形成步骤：

(1)不要逗号，冒号，引号

(2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的)

(3)要考虑时态的变化

(4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。

1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时

2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语

1. am / is 2. are

3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. may 间接引语 1. was 2. were

3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.

2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.

3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.

4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.

5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.

答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading

请转述他人说的话：

1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)

2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)

3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)

4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)

(五)

if引导的条件状语从句

结构：if+一般现在时，主语+将来时 含义：如果„„，将要„„

例如：If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你请求他，他会帮助你。

If need be, we‟ll work all night.

如果需要，我们就干个通宵。

根据中文提示，完成句子。

1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。

If you ________ the party, you __________.

2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。

If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.

3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。

If you often ________, you _________________. 答案：

1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2. If it rains tomorrow, we won‟t go to the picnic

3. If you often listen to English songs, you‟ll like English

二. 完形填空特点及解题思路

(一)题型分类与特点

完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。

1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150-200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。

2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。 (A)

Jack wanted to ask for two days off,

he had only learnt the phrase (短语)“have a day off”. He

2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off,

3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied (答复)the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to

at the teacher‟s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn‟t you

it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can‟t be here

7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help

8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn‟t you say„May I have two days off? ‟”The boy answered quickly

a loud voice. “But you only

us„have a day off! ‟” (

)1. A. but

B. and

C. or

D. for (

)2. A. thought hardly

B. thought hard and hard

C. hard thought

D. thought and thought (

)3. A. Miss B. sir

C. teacher D. Mr (

)4. A. strike B. best

C. hit

D. knock (

)5. A. also B. again

C. too

D. once (

)6. A. speak B. tell

C. say

D. do (

)7. A. tomorrow

B. the day after tomorrow

C. yesterday

D. the day before yesterday

(

)8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing (

)9. A. with B. on

C. in

D. by (

)10. A. teach B. taught

C. are teaching D. were teaching

(B)

请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。

than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what

A generation gap (代沟)has become a serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after quarrels (争吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the office. _______(5)they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don’t have the same topics(话题)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______(8)your parents. They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each other.

完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：

1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。

2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。

3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。

4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：

1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。

2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

(三)课文阅读指导

1. 初中阅读

阅读理解能力

(1)理解主旨要义

(2)理解文中具体信息

(3)根据上下文猜测生词的意义

(4)做出简单判断的推理

(5)理解文章的基本结构

(6)理解作者的意图和态度

2. 培养良好阅读习惯

(1)扩大视距

(2)克服声读

(3)克服逐字读

3. 猜测词文

(1)通过标题或主题句进行预测

(2)文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。

(3)通过语篇标记进行预测

(4)语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。

(5)利用背景知识预测

(6)利用图片进行预测

【模拟试题】(答题时间：80分钟) 一. 选择填空。

(

)1. Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.

A. to host

B. host

C. hosting D. hosted (

)2. Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.

A. for B. with C. of D. on (

)3. -You looked so beautiful at the party.

-_______.

A. No, I don‟t think so

B. Of course

C. Thank you very much

D. No, I‟m not beautiful

(

)4. The text is very easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a few B. a little C. few D. little (

)5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.

A. that B. what C. how D. if (

)6. -In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.

-I don’t agree. Speaking is _______ reading.

A. as important as B. so important as

C. the more important D. the most important (

)7. If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.

A. work B. works C. worked D. will work (

)8. The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock (股票)went down.

A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke (

)9. We should keep _________ in the reading-room.

A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly (

)10. -I think everything goes on well.

-_______.

A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I

D. So is I

(

)11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.

A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off

(

)12. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I’ve ________ my handbag at home.

A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten (

)13. He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.

A. after B. before C. that D. while (

)14. It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.

A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less (

)15. -Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?

-Sorry, I haven’t. Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.

A. do B. don‟t C. did D. didn‟t

二. 选择恰当的答语。

_____1. What were you doing when the UFO landed?

A. Your teacher won‟t let you in. _____2. Will people use paper

B. He said I couldn‟t stay out late.

money in the future?

_____3. I can‟t sleep, what should I do?

C. I was doing my homework. _____4. If I wear jeans to school,

D. No, they won‟t. Everyone

what will happen?

will have a credit card.

_____5. What did your father say?

E. You should listen to some

relaxing music.

三. 根据汉语提示填空：

1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗?

I don‟t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.

3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.

4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。

I don‟t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.

5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.

四. 完形填空：

把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon(气球). They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio.

Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope (绳子), and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So

2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.

After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and

3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men‟s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground.

4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.

At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so

5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London! A. The men tried to throw out some more sand

B. they were able to change its weight (重量)

C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air there was very cold

五. 阅读理解 (A)

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.

Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.

1. What did Einstein do? He was ______.

A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist

2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.

A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.

B. Because he was waiting for a friend.

C. Because he was thinking.

3. It rained _________.

A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time

4. Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.

A. bought a piece of paper.

B. took a piece of paper from his car.

C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.

5. Which is true?

A. Einstein was careful with his work.

B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.

C. Einstein was careful with his friends.

(B)

生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1-5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画(本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。)

1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.

2. If the person is bleeding (流血)badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.

3. If you are bitten (cut by teeth)by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.

4. If you are burnt (hurt by fire or something very hot), cool the burnt part at once. Run cool (not cold)water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.

5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it‟s very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____ Here are some pictures to choose.

六. 写作：

(从下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。) Dear friend,

There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party except me. I am angry. And I don‟t know why they didn‟t invite me! What do you think? Can you help me? Upset

Dear friend,

I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What should I do? Could you give me some advice? Looking for help

Dear _______,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

【试题答案】

(A)1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B

6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B (B)1. report 2. themselves 3. because

4. much / more 5. So 6. that 7. tell

8. to 9. love 10. understanding 参考练习答案：

一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D

6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C

11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called

3. out, of 4. about, on 5. surprise, on 四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A 五. (A)1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A (B)1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E