小说英文介绍（通用6篇）
篇1：小说英文介绍
·明天又是另外一天了
仅仅写了一部作品就名扬天下并在文坛上有一席之地的作家是绝无仅有的。她唯一的作品《飘》一经问世便成了美国小说中最畅销的作品。自1936年出版之日起,《飘》这部美国内战时期的罗曼史边打破了所有的出版记录。1937年，小说获得普利策奖。三年后被改编成电影，连电影也成了美国电影史上的经典之作。
作者玛格丽特出生在美国南方城市亚特兰大，是哥典型的南方姑娘。出生于1900年的她并没有经历过美国南北战争，但是，由于亚特兰大在美国内战期间曾经被北方军攻陷，落入北方军将领舍曼之手，所以，这段历史成了亚特兰大市民十分热衷的话题。玛格丽特从小听到许多关于这段历史的谈论，这使她萌发了创作一部以美国南北战争为题材的小说的想法。一经作出决定，亚特兰大也就理所当然地被作者定为小说的创作背景。小说初稿早在1929年就已经完成，但玛格丽特并未马上付印，而是几经修改，终于使小说成了一本举足轻重的是世界名著，至今魅力仍经久不衰。正如有的出版商所说，《飘》的读者群是一代接一代的。老一辈读者有之，中年一代亦不乏其人，年轻读者的数量更是大得惊人。
《飘》是一部有关战争的小说，但作者玛格丽特没有把着眼点放在战场上。除了亚特兰大失陷前五角场上躺满伤病员那悲壮的一幕外，其他战争场景并没有花费作者过多的笔墨。作为第一部从南方女性角度来书写美国内战的小小说，玛格丽特着重描写了留在后方家里的妇女饱受战乱之苦的体验和感受，从战争伊始对战争怀有的崇敬心理、对战争全然的支持，到因战争而带来的失去亲人的痛苦、不得不屈服于失败的命运以及战后重建家园的艰辛历程。战争失败了，有的人因此而意志消沉，失去了原有的斗志，无法调整好自己的心态，面对战后支离破碎的生活。反之，另外一些人则克服了失败的心理，凛然面对严酷的现实，成了生活中不畏困难、重新前进在生活旅途上的强者。
这其中就有女主人公郝思嘉。应该说，小说中最具吸引力的人物非她莫属。出身种植主家庭的思嘉年轻漂亮，个性鲜明。然而，不幸的是，在她尚属青春年少的十六岁花季时，思嘉就遭遇了情场失意的痛苦。她爱上了风度翩翩的邻居卫希礼，可卫希礼却娶了善解人意的表妹媚兰。使郝思嘉更加不幸的是，战乱接踵而至，整个南方社会不得不投身战争岁月。在残酷的战争和艰辛的生活这双重重压之下，历经磨难的郝思嘉成了一位二十八岁岁的成熟女性。
郝思嘉的父亲是个爱尔兰移民，身无分文的她只身来到美国，通过玩一手好牌和喝酒的海量赢得了一片红色的土地，几经创业把其发展成一个收入颇丰的种植园。思嘉的母亲出身于海滨城市萨凡纳的名门望族，因为情场失意赌气嫁给了比她大将近二十岁的郝嘉乐。作为他们的大女儿，思嘉既沿袭了父亲豪爽、粗犷、不拘小节、脾气暴躁的性格，自小又受到母亲良好家教和道德观念的教诲。所以，她的性格是个矛盾的统一体。她既想做个像她妈妈那样有大家闺秀风范的淑女，骨子里又有背叛妈妈的道德框框的反骨。正是血管里流着的这种充满矛盾的血液造就了思嘉敢爱敢恨、认定自己的目标便勇往直前、不择手段的性格特点。小说《飘》出版后，美国评论界对郝思嘉的性格莫衷一是，有人把郝思嘉说成是一个好不足取的女性。美国诗人约翰p.毕晓普曾经说过：“在任何情况下，郝思嘉都是毫不足取的女性。她吝啬迷信，还自私自利，简直无人可比。她显然属于她那一阶层的一员，但她只有在少女时代才在表面上有点该阶层的言谈举止；属于他们的情感，她却从来没有共享过。人是要有精神的，这一点于她是不可理解的，至于说思想，他知道的最多的就是那种属于小农意识的卑劣的狡诈伎俩。基于这一点，除了她那珍贵的皮肤、土地、和钱财以外，她什么也不看重。而这些正是使她的狡诈伎俩可以永久延续下去的东西。她手里抓着这个，眼里又觊觎另一个，为此，她杀了一个前来偷盗的北方士兵，洗劫了他的尸体、结了好几次婚、购买锯木厂、剥削囚犯的劳动、行使欺骗术、无情地把好几个人送上了西天。”
可以说，毕晓普用洗练的概述把郝思嘉为人鄙视的一面做了精确地描述。然而，作为纷繁复杂的社会的一员，人的性格绝对不可能是单一的。所以，既没有绝对的好人，也没有全然的坏人。人只能是个多面体，人的性格也只能是多种性格特点的总和。主人公郝思嘉就是这样的多面体之一。在郝思嘉身上，我们可以很清楚地看到传统与反传统的冲突在她身上的体现。毋庸置疑，她的性格有不足取的一面，但同样也有为人欣赏的一面。尽管她有这样那样的缺点，但她还是受到广大观众的欢迎，而使这一点成为可能的正是她性格中为人欣赏的那一面也就凸显了出来。
玛格丽特在书中刻画了诸多南方妇女形象。通过对比，郝思嘉毫不虚伪、充分表现“真我”的性格特点便在读者面前一览无遗。在故事发生的那个年代，上流社会对妇女的要求是颇为苛刻的。女孩子要让先生们欣赏，很大的一面就是要伪装自己，把真正的自我隐藏起来。不管这个女孩多么聪明，多么有主见，她在先生们面前都要表现得很柔弱、很无知。她们最好是胆小如鼠的懦弱女子，一见到老鼠就跳到凳子上；一听见令人惊愕的事就要晕过去；在别人家吃东西要像小鸟一样少，哪怕是别人的宴会有许多美味佳肴而自己也很想品尝也白搭；对先生们说话要表现得尽量无知，即使她们认为先生们其实很愚蠢，她们也还得假装崇拜他们的样子，要不时违心地对先生们夸上几句。这么做的目的无非是为了能合乎上流社会社会的习惯和所谓的美德，为了能找到一个体面、尊贵、有钱的丈夫；而一旦结了婚，她便成了男人的附庸，成了生儿育女的机器，而结了婚的女人自己亲自打点生意，就算她的丈夫是个很不精明的生意人，那也是离经叛道的行为，是绝对行不通的。然而，郝思嘉对这些做法嗤之以鼻，对所有这一切发起了义无反顾的挑战。
作者对思嘉的反叛行为最集中的描述就是她怂恿卫希礼和她私奔以及她婚后自己经营锯木厂这两件事上。年方二八的郝思嘉爱上了貌似风流倜傥的邻居卫希礼。遗憾的是，卫希礼却要和他的表妹媚兰结婚了。思嘉为了得到自己的所爱，采取了大胆的行动。在宣布卫希礼和媚兰要结婚的野餐会上，思嘉想办法单独面见希礼，坦言自己对他的爱情，怂恿他和自己私奔。遭到拒绝后，思嘉毫不犹豫地给了他一巴掌。而后，为了报复，她不假思索地嫁给了媚兰的哥哥查理。读者可以想像，在当时传统习俗根深蒂固的美国南方，一个女孩子要作出这样的举动要有多大的勇气。郝思嘉在这个问题表现了她敢爱敢恨的个性，一如她一开始对白瑞德的恨意。她不像别的女孩，把爱深埋在心里，不敢对自己所爱的人言明。在她看，哪怕有一线希望，也应该争取的到自己的幸福。
作者对郝思嘉表现真我的个性刻画还体现在另一件事情上。那就是，郝思嘉再嫁给第二任丈夫弗兰克后，自己借钱买下一家锯木厂。让全体亚特兰大人目瞪口呆的是，她居然自己亲自经营锯木厂，根本不理睬对她此举持反对意见的弗兰克。按照亚特兰大传统的思维，嫁给弗兰克后的思嘉应该安分守己，让开店的弗兰克养活自己，自己在家当个相夫教子的太太。可是，思嘉的举动却使亚特兰大人瞠目结舌。她不但在弗兰克生病时接管了店铺的生意，让弗兰克在邻里乡亲面前抬不起头来，而且私自买下了锯木厂，当上了名副其实的女商人。这个举动虽然算不上大逆不道，可对于女人来说也是非常出格的。更令亚特兰大人气愤的是，她凭着自己的姿色和独特的经营方式，挤垮了同行中的男性竞争对手，成了木材行业里的佼佼者。思嘉的举动成了别人议论的中心，闲言碎语、造谣中伤铺天盖地而来。然而，思嘉对这一切置之不理，照样我行我素，朝自己认准的目标前进。其实，思嘉在这一点上的做法正是现代社会中商场竞争的写照。竞争应该对每个人都是平等的，男人也罢，女人也罢。强者存，弱者汰。从这点上说，十九世纪的郝思嘉倒是有了超前的竞争意识和竞争能力。思嘉性格为人称道的另一点是她的责任心。尽管他不喜欢她的妹妹，尽管她对自己的孩子照顾不周，尽管她对黑人态度严厉，但她在最困难的时候并没有抛下大家不顾，而是千方百计统筹安排，带领大家咬紧牙关、挺过饥饿交加的最艰难的时期。她义无反顾地把一切揽在自己的肩上，而这负荷本来是要有两个男人才负担的了的。可她父亲傻了，母亲去世了，身为大女儿的她成了一家之主，她有责任承担这一义务，而她也确实义不容辞地履行了这一职责。为了避免失去家园、无家可归的悲惨命运，她违心地嫁给了她一点都不爱的弗兰克，用自己的幸福为代价换来了挽救塔拉的三百美元。她后来处心积虑地经营锯木厂，千方百计地赚钱，一方面是为了自己不再会有挨饿受冻的威胁，另一方面也是为了塔拉能够维持下去，为了有朝一日塔拉能够恢复过去的风采，也为了家里人能安安稳稳地生活。她虽然也暗暗诅咒这种职责，恨不得能把这些负荷统统甩掉，但是，正如希礼所说的，她永远也做不到这一点。
她的责任心不但表现在她对自己的亲人的照顾上，同样也表现在她对媚兰的态度上。媚兰是查理的妹妹，也就是思嘉的小姑。希礼参军后撇下媚兰孤身一人面对没有男人保护的孤寂，面对生孩子的痛苦，面对战争带来的恐惧。在这样的时刻，陪伴她的只有思嘉。其实，媚兰代替自己占据了希礼的妻子这个位置，思嘉有足够的理由不去关照她。可是她虽然打心眼里不喜欢媚兰，甚至暗暗诅咒她死，但她答应希礼要照顾媚兰。为了履行自己的诺言，不顾自己的生命危险保护她，陪伴她。因为她不仅仅是希礼的妻子，而且还是她的小姑。从思嘉对媚兰的态度，读者似乎也能预见到媚兰死后，思嘉肯定又会承担起照顾希礼和他的儿子的义务，因为她已经在媚兰临终前答应了她。
如果说思嘉对媚兰的照顾完全是因为顾及希礼的情面，是为了她所爱的人的话，那思嘉对白蝶姑妈的照顾就跟爱情没有任何瓜葛了。白蝶是查理的姑妈，思嘉自从来到亚特兰大后就已经把照顾白蝶当成自己的责任了。媚兰怀孕后，按理留下来帮助媚兰的应该是上了年纪的白蝶姑妈，可白蝶姑妈早就扔下媚兰逃难去了。因为她没有能力照顾媚兰，也没有勇气面对北方军的来临。而在思嘉嫁给白瑞德后，白蝶姑妈的生活来源也全都靠思嘉。没有思嘉，她根本没有能力生存下去。因为她的产业全都被战争给毁了，而身为侄女和侄女婿的媚兰和希礼自顾不暇，根本没有经济能力来资助她。所以，总的说，思嘉是一个很有责任心的人。姑且不管她这么做是乐意与不乐意，但她毕竟做了，尽了一份责任。所以，她在这方面为人称道的一面是不应被抹杀的。
思嘉的性格中最能给人鼓舞的一点还是她面对现实、不畏困难的精神。综观思嘉的一生，从故事开篇情场失意开始，打击一个连着一个。如果不是能够面对现实这一点支撑着她，她早就会被挫折、困难打倒了。年仅十六七岁的郝思嘉就经历了失恋的痛苦，紧接着是丧父的伤痛。年仅十七岁的她就已经成了有一个儿子的寡妇。如果说着一切都还只是个人生活上的不幸的话，那席卷整个南方的战乱给她带来的痛苦就是人所共知的了。我们来看看这么一幕：亚特兰大失陷前夕，郝思嘉拖着刚刚生过孩子的奄奄一息媚兰和自己被炮火及北方军吓坏的孩子逃离亚特兰大，历经千辛万苦回到塔拉。思嘉从小崇拜妈妈，一有困难就去寻求妈妈的保护伞。此时的她之所以一心想回家，是因为她认为到家了就可以卸下自己肩头的担子，天塌下来自有爸爸妈妈去顶住，回家后的她又可以过上少女般无忧无虑的日子。殊不知，正当思嘉为塔拉没有被无情的战火摧毁感到庆幸时，一场更大的灾难正等着她。回到家的她愕然发现，妈妈在前一天刚刚去世，爸爸因妈妈的辞世已经傻了。家里十来张嘴要吃饭，而塔拉种植园留给她的却几乎一无所有。
注视着默默望着她的一双双眼睛，面对一张张面黄肌瘦的脸，思嘉没有绝望，没有气馁，她既没有沉溺在过去美好的岁月中，也没有自暴自弃，得过且过。她下决心要让塔拉存在下去，要让塔拉的人挺过这个艰难时世。她亲自下地摘棉花；拎着篮子在烈日下到邻居废弃的果园里挖剩下的菜蔬；骑着唯一的一匹孱弱的小马到邻居家借种子、了解外界的情况；甚是杀了一个前来偷盗的北方士兵。在塔拉受到要挟、大家面临无家可归的威胁时，她带着嬷嬷来到亚特兰大，想利用自己的魅力从白瑞徳手中借钱挽救塔拉。此计不成，她转而向小有资财的弗兰克展开攻势，终于让他拜倒在她的石榴裙下。虽然思嘉把妹妹的男朋友夺了过来，而这也招致了许多人的指责和非难，但是，她不畏困难，敢于面对困难、想尽方法克服困难的勇气着实令人钦佩。我们再来看看小说的结尾。真心爱慕思嘉的白瑞德最终因为失望而决定离开思嘉，而此时的思嘉刚刚才意识到自己真正爱的人其实不是卫希礼，而是白瑞德，只是自己一直不知道而已。可是，白瑞德觉得自己虽然与思嘉生活在一起，但两人的心从来没有合二为一过。爱女的夭折更是使他产生了绝望心里。面对瑞德的离她而去，思嘉虽然也伤心难过，但她没有撒泼耍赖，而是坚强地接受了这一令人难以接受的事实。“我明天再想这事好了，到塔拉去想。那时我就承受得了了。明天我要想个办法重新得到他。毕竟，明天又是另外一天了。”这就是思嘉再碰到困难时屡试不爽的法宝。
“明天又是另外一天了。”这是思嘉的座右铭。她相信，所有的一切痛苦和挫折都将成为过去，明天将会是另一个开始。只要自己付出努力，一切都会好起来的。思嘉一生坎坷，历经磨难，支撑她挺过一道道难关、克服一个个困难的就是这一信条。小说作者原来是要用“明天又是另外一天了”作为小说的书名的。据有关资料记载，作者写本书是最先写好的即是最后一章。可见，作者着重要表现的就是思嘉的这一精神。
有人认为，《飘》出版的年代是三十年代，正是美国历史上的大萧条时期。由于经济滑坡，全国人口失业率激增，许多人生活没有保障，过着艰难的日子。人们于是很难逃避现实，试图回到过去的岁月当中去。他们发现自己正在为生存打一场恶战，这场恶战和内战以后重建时期郝思嘉为生活而打的战役如出一辙。他们同样艰辛，同样困难。虽然郝思嘉采取的作战方式并不是全都合乎道德规范的，但是她至少没有躺下等死，而是竭尽全力去拼搏，去奋斗。人们从郝思嘉身上多多少少获得了面对现实、克服困难的勇气。这是小说一出版就成为了畅销书的原因之一。此种想法无不道理。其实，郝思嘉不畏困难、面对现实的精神和勇气也正是小说历经一个多世纪而魅力仍经久不衰的原因所在。
面对现实、克服困难这一信条不但适用于大萧条时期，而且适用于任何年代。生活对每个时代的每个人来说都是不易的。谁要是在困难面前低头，那他就是生活的弱者；而如若她不畏困难，勇于面对现实，想办法解决困难，那他就是生活的强者。
篇2：小说英文介绍
短篇或中篇
《格林·盖布尔斯来的安妮》又称《绿山墙的安妮》——喜欢
《鬼妈妈》——其实不恐怖，喜欢
《爱丽丝漫游仙境》——我第一部看的英文版小说
《绿野仙踪》
《简爱》——必读，简单的可以去读牛津书虫版，要提高的选择其他更详细的吧 《小王子》
《小公子》
《孤女努力记》——喜欢
《阿拉丁和神灯》
《长腿叔叔》——喜欢
《麦琪的礼物》
《警察与赞美诗》
《欧也妮·葛朗台》
长篇
《小公主》——我小时候最喜欢的《傲慢与偏见》——女生都应该读的，个人认为女主与男主的结局在那个年代不太可能
《童年·在人间·我的大学》
《魔法灰姑娘》——挺有趣的《蓝色海豚岛》——讲的是印第安女生在岛上独自生活的故事，较喜欢，也不长，但没耐心看生活类故事的同学请放弃
《鲁滨逊漂流记》——同上
《小妇人》
《悲惨世界》——我较喜欢的，个人觉得比《巴黎圣母院》好看
（男生）
《在月亮下面》
《世界上最冷的地方》
《彼得·潘》
《水孩子》
《麦琪的礼物》
《警察与赞美诗》
《童年·在人间·我的大学》
《小王子》
《基督山伯爵》——有必要的《哈利波特全集》
《悲惨世界》——我较喜欢的，个人觉得比《巴黎圣母院》好看
《蓝色海豚岛》——讲的是印第安女生在岛上独自生活的故事，较喜欢，也不长，但没耐心看生活类故事的同学请放弃
《鲁滨逊漂流记》——同上/《指环王》
《欧也妮·葛朗台》/《高老头》
篇3：清末侦探小说的翻译(英文)
1 Literature Review of Detective Story Translation in Late Qing
In 19th century, western science and technology advanced quickly.Large scale application of science and technology largely influenced people's daily life, as well as penetrated the conception of literature field.Detective story finally came into being.The American novelist Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be the“father”of detective story.Generally, his short detective stories Murder in the Rue Morgue, published in 1841, marks the birth of detective story as an independent literary genre.
The spread of detective story in modern China has its certain historical background.In the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese experienced a fierce social change.It was an important period that domestic culture was going though novel revolution.Also the communication with the western culture was more thoroughly and completely.Under the massive impact between the transforming domestic culture and the western culture, the novel creation concept changed and new type of novel expanded.More importantly, the translation of detective story emerged.The most respective detective story that first introduced into China is Sherlock Holmes detective stories written by British novelist Conan Doyle.Because of its intricate plot, nervous scene, strict logic and scientific judgment, it catered to readers'interests immediately.So, readers had quite warm reaction to the translated detective story.Guo Yanli once used Liang Qichao’s words, “this kind of scene has never been reported in China before, since all the citizens hasten to read the detective story as to drink wonderful spring”. (1998:6141) Detective story attracted a lot of people and formed a detective story heat was about in 1907.
Around Xinhai Revolution, all sorts of detective stories presented overwhelming trend, and the whole translation was occupied by the detectives stories.As A'ying said:“For the translators at the time, all indulged in the translation of detective story.If there were one thousand species of translated novels, detective story translation accounts for more than five hundreds.” (1980:133) Moreover, according to some documents, there are a lot of top writers translated detective story including Zhou Guisheng, Cheng Xiaoqing even Lin Shu.Detective story stems from the West, but along with the wave of“Western Learning”in literature, it is acquainted and accepted by the Chinese readers and the later Chinese literati.The spread of translated detective story stimulates local writers to imitate and create detective story by the mode of Chinese own unique characters.Zhou Guisheng's Shanghai detective cases and Wu Jianren’s Chinese detective stories are the earlier exploration on this road.Although the language is straightforward, plain and has logical reasoning, it reflects the local writer’s positive attitude.However, in late Qing, the translation of detective story is not to attract a small number of elites in China, but to face the general audience.In other words, English detective story in 19th century, which introduced to China just as one of the numerous education materials, is for the general education—to broaden the eye view of the citizens.
Foreign detective story, especially in Britain, France and other countries, only belongs to the second or third class literature, containing few political factors.However, once it is introduced into China, translators make every effort to contact the detective novel with the politic for emphasizing their political views and patriotism.This phenomenon makes elites regret deeply, and it also leads the later ignorance of novel translation.Anyhow, we can’t deny that, just because of the special Chinese environment, detective story gained a potential development in China in a few short years.And translated detective story made its unprecedented achievement, which even exerted great influence on the May-Fourth New Culture Movement, and provided profound enlightenment for the modernity of the whole Chinese literature.
2 The Factors Influencing the Detective Story Trans-lation
Translation is a conversion between different cultures, so it has much to do with culture.In other words, translation happens and develops under the demand of culture needs.Besides, we should know that every peak of the translation activity is not an isolated incident, but it is produced by social, cultural and literary tradition background.Particularly, translation is influenced by social factors, such as ideology, poetics and patronage.
1) The Influence of ideology
Social ideology mainly consists of political, cultural, ethical and religious elements.Among those elements, politics takes the dominant position.For instance, the authority supports the revolution that cater for their ideology or those which can enforce their reign.And at the same time, they hinder those which rebel against their rules.In order to improve politics and input foreign advanced ideas, reformers regarded the Western stories as the source of advanced Western knowledge.And in Chinese literary history, literature is always thought to be a tool to save the society, so various cultural groups are formed to explore the way to contribute to the country.Under this social perception, leading writers were inclined to translate the literature from powerful countries in the hope that they can discover the secrets of being powerful or introduce the advanced ideology and technology from abroad.The elites in late Qing were inevitably attracted by detective story.Then surge of detective story translation gradually formed, as well as became the most popular type of translated foreign novel in the late Qing.It could be said that detective story translation fell in the trend of national salvation and witnessed the transition of Chinese culture in late Qing Dynasty.
Being a reflection of social life, literature form is always connected with the contemporary writers.For translators, they prefer to value the spirit of the original content rather than the narrative or the words and sentences.And they also have poor sense of art appreciation and literature conscious.Therefore, when they translate the detective stories, they intend to translate the original text meaning and keep the useful content they make use of, even to exaggerate.However, the parts, which are irrelevant or contrary to their ideas, will be deleted.Sometimes, the original theme, structure and people character are carried out by some renovation to suit their own needs.For instance, if the foreign novels brought some negative effects on the social conception, the translators would keenly grasp the points, criticize them and then rise it to the moral level.
From this perspective, translation of detective novel in late Qing has no difference with the translations of Western history, law, politics, and natural science books.So detective story translation is given a strong political overtone, and translators still convince that their works not only have inspired meaning and developing ideas for their own people, but also it can instill the western legal rule for national salvation.
2) The Influence of poetics
Social system determines specific society and special poetic.Once the mainstream of poetic changes;some cultural forms will soon occupy the most important place in a short time, while others might be consigned to limbo.
In late Qing, traditional Chinese literary system was about to collapse and the new system has not been fully established yet.On this occasion, the status of Chinese domestic stories has been vulnerable in a long term.In the history of modern novels, the classical gong-an novel in Qing Dynasty paves the road for the input of detective story.Although both of them hold the same crime subject, there are still many differences between them.Apart being different types of fiction, Gong-an novel and detective story represent different concept and system.Gong-an novel is about official administers'justice and the justice of law depends on the wisdom of the upright officials.While the detective story is to collect evidences, and it is a set of modern litigation system, which is more reliable.So the detective story translation brings us a set of new things, and thus has highlighted the defects of Chinese administration of justice.Therefore, the traditional novels didn't have enough influence to restrict or suppress the foreign novels'translation, but to let their epidemics.If the detective story fills the defects of local novel, then the factors mentioned above are enough to ensure the widely acceptation of detective story.
Language is also a part of poetics.It changes the transformation of time and culture.In 1930s, the vernacular Chinese was in a state of rapid development.The elites advocated this movement and set examples in creating lots of excellent works.And the translation of detective story choose to follow up this rend and use vernacular Chinese.So it was favored by most of the readers at that time.
3) The Influence of patronage
For translation studies, the research on patronage is an area that always has been neglected easily.In fact, many of the translation practices are completed by support from patronage no matter in ancient or modern times.For example, the Buddhist Scripture translation carried on constantly under official support since Han to Tang and Song Dynasty.And the detective story translation has its own patronage.However, according to Andew Lefevere, the translators are always enforced be the patrons, “the Professional”or the institutions who have the power to influence them.The patronages not only influence the ideology and poetics, but also in charge of the publishing of translation works.Accordingly, the translator will choose the permitted one as well as pleasure one to be published including the language, the style which the patronage thinks to be so.Even, some literary classics in a particular period of time are rewritten and reinterpreted to suit the needs of mainstream poetry.
During the transition of China, the novel is not only a tool for educating the masses and putting forward the ideas that reformers appeal, but also in line with the profit which publishers pursue.In order to obtain economic benefits, publishers required translators to translate a large number of detective stories, and promised to rich rewards.And regardless of what motivation the translators based on, they would translate the books that people were willing to read.As a result, driven by economic interests and willingness for marketable book, the translators were naturally turning their attention to translate the detective stories which patronage expect.So the translators interpreted detective stories by focusing on the localization of content, which is translated to conform to the target culture, moral, aesthetic conception.In another word, patronage can encourage the publication of translation works, which they considered to be acceptable, and while they can quite effectively prevent some of those which they thought be unsuitable.
Although, we can’t make clear which year detective story translation aroused, there are lots of other factors contributing its impact trend in late Qing Dynasty.In addition to the social factors, the original characteristics of detective novels is one of the reason.The detective stories always enjoy the features of ingenious structure and layout, the ups and downs of plots, and those especially arouse readers'interest and sense of participation.Readers are willing to observe, explore and investigate to together with the hero of the novel.Besides, detective story not only expands people's intellects, cultivate people's observation, it also implies the translators'and the readers'admiration for western"science"and"rule of law", as well as their dissatisfaction and criticism to the legal and political system of China.What's more, detective story is favored by the western educated people also by its innovative content and form.Because, it often refers to new technology, such as the train, subway, cable, etc, which exactly is admired by Chinese people in19th.So detective story is closely linked to modern life and the protagonist in the story use logical reasoning and actions to break mystery repeatedly.And Chinese are just lack of such kind of qualitya strong physical and mental ability.
3 Conclusion
Ideology is an important criterion, it produce a huge impact on choosing its text, the using of translation strategies, and the dealing with details.Poetics as the combination of social literary standards plays a vital role in the use of language.The former highlights the dominant thinking of a specific class.And the latter one aims to make reader accept easily and keep the continuity of translation.As for patronage, including the authorities, political parties, classes, courts, religious organizations, publishers and mass media organizations, etc., all manipulate the whole process of translation, and they can make demands on the translator.If the requirement itself coincides with translator’s own desire, the translation will be promoted.The translation of detective story is just a special case in translation because it highlights the three factors to a great extent.
Detective story translation is a unique cultural phenomenon.However, translators in late Qing were often accused of infidelity and lack of understanding of Western culture.Without exception, the translator added, deleted or changed the original content.So translated works featured a specific period of time and a specific cultural background.It is the manipulation from ideology, poetics and patronage, which leads to these characteristics, or the social background enforced the translator to comply with.So it is by no means a simple imitation of Western literature or complete plagiarism.It puts its own color by Chinese writer’s hands.By inheriting both the traditional literature and western literature, it forms its own unique style.
From the above tentative analysis, the author gives an ample demonstration to the translation of detective stories in late Qing Dynasty.So when we study translation phenomenon, we can not ignore its social and cultural environment.
参考文献
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[4]陈平原.中20世纪中国小说史国近代翻[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1989.
[5]郭延礼.译文学概论[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社, 1998.
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篇4：经典英文小说段落赏析
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood， this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
“My dear Mr. Bennet，” said his lady to him one day， “have you heard that Netherfield Park is rented at last？”
Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
“But it is，” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here， and she told me all about it.”
Mr. Bennet made no answer.
“Do not you want to know who has taken it？” cried his wife impatiently.
“You want to tell me， and I have no objection to hearing it.”
This was invitation enough.
“Why， my dear， you must know， Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a carriage and four to see the place， and was so much delighted with it that he immediately agreed with Mr. Morris， the landlord of the Park; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas （米迦勒节）， and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.”
“What is his name？”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single？”
“Oh！ Single， my dear， to be sure！ A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls！”
“How so？ How can it affect them？”
“My dear Mr. Bennet，” replied his wife， “how can you be so tiresome！ You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”
“Is that his design in settling here？”
“Design！ Nonsense， how can you talk so！ But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them， and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.”
“I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go， or you may send them by themselves， which perhaps will be still better， for as you are as handsome as any of them， Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.”
“My dear， you flatter （奉承） me. I certainly have had my share of beauty， but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown up daughters， she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.”
“In such cases， a woman has not often much beauty to think of.”
“But， my dear， you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the neighborhood.”
“It is more than I engage for， I assure you.”
“But consider your daughters. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go， merely on that account， for in general you know they visit no newcomers. Indeed you must go， for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not.”
...
“My dear， depend upon it that if twenty such young men of four thousand a year come into the neighborhood， I will visit them all，” said Mr. Bennet.
Mr. Bennet was so strange that the experience of threeandtwenty years had not been enough to make his wife understand his character. She was a woman of mean understanding， little information and uncertain temper. The business of her life was to get her daughters married， and its comfort was visiting and news.
《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯丁的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，时至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。本文节选自小说《傲慢与偏见》的一开始部分。
译文
凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉，每逢新搬到一个地方，四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何，见解如何，可是，既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固，因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。
有一天班纳特太太对她的丈夫说：“我的好老爷，尼日斐花园终于租出去了，你听说过没有？”
班纳特先生回答道，他没有听说过。
“的确租出去了，”她说，“朗格太太刚刚上这儿来过，她把这件事的底细一五一十地告诉了我。”
班纳特先生没有理睬她。
“你难道不想知道是谁租去的吗？”太太不耐烦地嚷起来了。
“既是你要说给我听，我听听也无妨。”
这句话足够鼓励她讲下去了。
“哦！亲爱的，你得知道，郎格太太说，租尼日斐花园的是个阔少爷，他是英格兰北部的人;听说他星期一那天，乘着一辆驷马大轿车来看房子，看得非常中意，当场就和莫理斯先生谈妥了;他要在‘米迦勒节以前搬进来，打算下个周未先叫几个佣人来住。”
“这个人叫什么名字？”
“彬格莱。”
“有太太的呢，还是单身汉？”
“噢！是个单身汉，亲爱的，确确实实是个单身汉！一个有钱的单身汉;每年有四五千磅的收入。真是女儿们的福气！”
“这怎么说？关女儿们什么事？”
“我的好老爷，”太太回答道，“你怎么这样叫人讨厌！告诉你吧，我正在盘算，他要是挑中我们一个女儿做老婆，可多好！”
“他住到这儿来，就是为了这个打算吗？”
“打算！胡扯，这是哪儿的话！不过，他倒作兴看中我们的某一个女儿呢。他一搬来，你就得去拜访拜访他。”
“我不用去。你带着女儿们去就得啦，要不你干脆打发她们自己去，那或许倒更好些，因为你跟女儿们比起来，她们哪一个都不能胜过你的美貌，你去了，彬格莱先生倒可能挑中你呢？”
“我的好老爷，你太捧我啦。从前也的确有人赞赏过我的美貌，现在我可有敢说有什么出众的地方了。一个女人家有了五个成年的女儿，就不该对自己的美貌再转什么念头。”
“这样看来，一个女人家对自己的美貌也转不了多少念头喽。”
“不过，我的好老爷，彬格莱一搬到我们的邻近来，你的确应该去看看他。”
“老实跟你说吧，这不是我份内的事。”
“看女儿的份上吧。只请你想一想，她们不论哪一个，要是攀上了这样一个人家，多好。威廉爵士夫妇已经决定去拜望他，他们也无非是这个用意。你知道，他们通常是不会拜望新搬来的邻居的。你的确应该去一次，要是你不去，叫我们怎么去。”
“亲爱的，放心吧，如果有20位年收入达4000镑的年轻男士成为我们的邻居，我会一一拜访的，”班纳特先生说。
——班纳特先生真是个古怪人，他一方面喜欢插科打浑，爱挖苦人，同时又不拘言笑，变幻莫测，真使他那位太太积二十三年之经验，还摸不透他的性格。太太的脑子是很容易加以分析的。她是个智力贫乏、不学无术、喜怒无常的女人，只要碰到不称心的事，她就以为神经衰弱。她生平的大事就是嫁女儿;她生平的安慰就是访友拜客和打听新闻。
篇5：英文小说读后感
In the book, she is a beautiful woman with an angels face and a figure of the devil. And the most profound is her yearning for love and persistence. In the turbulent years of America, she married two men she didnt like, out of frustration with reality. In her love view, love and marriage can be separated; And in China, all the love affairs that do not take marriage as the purpose are rogues, which may be the phenomenon of eastern and western cultural differences.
It seems to us that many foreigners are very open, because they carry on the final process of the final flop. But in their eyes, our relationship is open. They believe that marriage is a sacred and serious thing that distinguishes it from love. They are surprised to see some young people falling in love without thinking about getting married and having children. And as the world moves forward, the world is becoming a global village, and these cultural differences are gradually shrinking.
For the heroine scarletts love view, put it in the current social perspective, will be a rational concept. In the modern society in the 21st century, women should have their own business, have the thought to be able to spell, and break out of their own little world; In this way we are not in a passive position in marriage, in other words, we can live together as equals. Even with an attractive appearance, the body of the devil, we should not be obsessed with it and forget to add value to ourselves. The rebellious side of the heroine gives us the infinite inspiration of contemporary women.
In the treatment of love, we can be persistent, we can be brave to love; Even if we encounter setbacks and injuries, we should look forward to it. In scarletts love in the world no late, when she lose ASHLEY, thoroughly lost daughter, after her husband left her, she realized that her love was rhett, she put aside psychic trauma and remorse, believe that as long as you work hard and insist, can the heart of rhett.
In real life, we can not love passionately, but have a positive heart to face everything. The absence of love, or the lack of love, the explanation is that there is no point; Still, there will be more wonderful waiting for you to uncover the veil. The waiting process can be beautiful. We often say that a persons wonderful. We can develop our own hobbies, invest in our specialties, work well, live well, treat you well, become confident, and your charm will be everywhere.
篇6：英文小说读后感
Ive just fininshed reading the first 4 Harry Potter books for about the 5th time through, and theyre just as magical and affecting as they have ever been. Everything is in here: suspense, adventure, mystery, humour, danger. Theres even some pretty satisfying paybacks. The characters are fantastic and fantastically realistic. There are bad people who turn out to be good guys and good people who turn out to be bad guys, just like life.
I think the thing I like best about these books is the message that its okay to be different - to be not “normal.” I would love for everyone in school to have hear that message. It would probably reduce the bullying around the school.
These books value real thoughts. Much has been made of Harrys rule breaking, but only once in the series so far does he break a rule for arbitrary personal gain. Most of the time he makes a decision that whats right is more important than whats written. And you know what? Lifes like that sometimes. I think its great that kids are getting an example of how to do whats right even when it involves breaking rules. The Potter books also show that there are consequences for rule breaking. If not getting caught and getting a detention, then a spell going wrong and someone getting turned into a cat. This shows that when you make a decision to go against the rules that things may not go as you expected and you have to take responsibility for the oute.