全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译（共5篇）

篇1：全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译

Unit 1

1.那是个正式的宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, asMother told me to do.2.他的女友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯还未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。

His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid ofhis badhabit of smoking before it took hold.3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be highduring the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。Itis said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.或Bill is saidto have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水的可能性。It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility ofa severe water shortage.或The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid thepossibility of a severe water shortage.Unit 2 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走回家。Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)玛丽看上去对汉语考试很担心，因为她还没有背熟课文。Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)既然篮球赛已被推迟，我们不妨去参观博物馆。

Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)个二次世界大战期间他一直和父母住在澳大利亚。He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ

5)自 1985 年从南京大学毕业至今，可以说我与我的大学同学失去了联系。Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.Unit 3 1)正如科学家所预言的那样，全球污染成了人类面临的最严重的问题之一。

As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)谋求这些职位的竞争很激烈——今年的求职者是去年的五倍。Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we didlast year.There are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)正如事实表明的那样，教育大纲应当符合国家的经济发展计划。As the factsshow, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)这辆汽车太费油，而且价钱几乎是我想付的两倍。

The car burns too much gas, and moreover,the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)要了解一起重大的国际事件，我们首先需要考虑其历史与政治背景。To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.Unit 4 1)据报道，联合国斡旋者制定出了他们希望双方都能接受的方案。It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hopewillbe acceptable to both sides.2)多丽丝小心翼翼的在森林里行走，害怕遭到大蛇的攻击。Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)地震、台风和其他自然灾害无法防止，但可以采取行动保护生命财产安全。

Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disaters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)我买了新的一期我最喜欢的体育杂志就赶紧回家，急着想读之自娱。I bought a new issue of myfavorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious toamuse myself reading it.5)海伦缺乏自信。我从未遇到过像他那样没有自信的人。Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.Unit 5

1)我不太清楚哪儿你能找到个好木工——你最好四处打听打听。I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)他感到有点尴尬，赶紧清了清喉咙，抬头看着墙上的画。

Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared histhroat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)迈克尔去世了，留下三个儿子、两个女儿和妻子伊丽莎白。Michael was survived by three sons,two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)作为金融专家，威廉建议我们投资股票市场。a financial expert, William As advised us to invest our money in the stockmarket.5)我们这些小零售商无法和超市在价格和销售等方面竞争。We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.Unit 6 1.在我上大学之前，祖父对我说的那几句充满智慧的话给我留下了深刻印象。

Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2.千万别把我的伤势告诉我父母，我会很感激你的。Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).3.我们有几个同事在会上提出了改进工作环境的合理。At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions aboutimproving our working environment.4.迫于工会压力，资方同意给工人增加 10%的工资。

The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5.女主人考虑得很周到，在我们到来之前把房子打扫得干干净净。It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.Unit 7 1)当地一家公司承担了此项工程，但工程没完工就破产了。

A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)我和你做笔交易—你替我洗车，我晚上把车借给你开。

Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3)我们到达那个我们本以为已毁于那次大地震的村庄时，却发现它只受到轻微 损失。We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped outin the severe earthquake,only to find it slightly damaged.4)我的花园即干燥又背阴。在那样的环境里，很少有植物能茁壮成长。My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition.5)那位电影明星的死亡真相至今仍被谜团笼罩着。Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.Unit 8 1)没有个人档案，求职者很难指望受雇当老师。

Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as ateacher.2)有了足够的冰，我们就能冰这些饮料了。With enough ice, we wouldbe able to chill the drinks.3)依我愚见，阅读是打发闲暇的最悦人方式。my humble opinion, reading us In the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4)有人说，美国运动员迈克尔•菲尔普斯在 2008 北京奥运会上赢得 8 块金牌简 直是奇迹。

Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5)洗衣机坏了，我们只能用手洗衣服了。The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.

篇2：全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译

Unit1 1.背离传统需要很大的勇气。

It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大厅广众面前上台表演了。Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。

Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？

Assuming(that)this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那它将帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English

Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。

The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2.每当他生气时，他说话就有一点结巴。

Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3.教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。

Education is the most cherished tradition in our family.That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4.手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。

Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5.与我们富裕的邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。

In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year.We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.Unit3 1.科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？ Have scientists found proof of water on Mars? 2.计划委员会已经将建核电站厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.3.山姆不仅失去了工作，而且还失去了双腿，他只好靠社会救济度过余生。Sam not only lost his job but also both legs;he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.4.有十二人组成的陪审团一致表决认为，玛丽有罪。

A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.5.听到有人质疑他的才能，肖恩觉得受了奇耻大辱。

Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.George, the son of Mr.Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep.Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference.They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking.Mr.Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue.As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates.Unit4 1.研究表明，笑能够带来许多健康上的好处。

Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2.互联网连接速度慢真让人心烦。

A slow Internet connecting speed is really annoying.3.法律规定帮助他人自杀是犯罪。

As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4.玛丽在她的报告中试图从一个完全不同的角度来解释这些数据。

In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.5.苏是一个很有天分的女孩，她那惊人的记忆力使她在同班同学中显得格外的特别。

Sue is a girl of great talent.Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer.I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier.I can write，submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss.With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times.The system may crash.Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.Unit5 1.是工人和主管人员的创造力和敬业精神将这个公司变成了一个盈利的企业。It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company into a profitable business.2.食品和医药的价格在过去的三个月里急剧的增长。The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.3.我们打算从新粉刷这栋办公大楼的上面几层楼。We plan to repaint the upper floors of the office building.4.他的成功表明流行与艺术价值有时候是一致的。

His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.5.我不愿看见我所敬爱的祖母躺在医院床上痛苦的呻吟。

I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully.Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry.You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying.Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of/Take Donna, Her son unfortunately died in a car accident.The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry.She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry.And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders.It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.” Uint6 1.他这人话不多，但要说玩电脑那他就太机灵了，同学们都不是他的对手。He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing a computer games, he is far too clever for his classmates.2.无知的孩子们可能认为这些动物很可爱并开始跟他们玩起来。

Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and start playing with them.3.没有办法获得贷款，所以，要购买新设备，我只得咬紧牙关，卖掉我的混合型动力汽车。

There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I will just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.4.如果猎人没有看到一群象朝他的营地走来，他就不会开枪。

The hunter would not have fired the shots if he hadn’t seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.5.我觉得具有讽刺意味的是汤姆的记忆是有选择性的，他好像不记得过去痛苦的经历，特别是那些由他自己照成的经历。I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory---he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing.Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT.She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus.Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective.It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education.When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight.So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President.The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equality advocate.Unit7 1.自从新政生效后，很多小企业在这个城市涌现出来。

Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.2.听到这个消息后，她略微一笑，然后便又习惯性地皱起了眉头。

On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.3.他稍微停顿了一下以加强讲话的效果，然后说，“我们可以通过新的渠道进入这些市场。”

He paused for effect, then said:“We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”

4.学校新添的音乐厅可以帮助它们培养年轻的音乐人才。

The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.5.我们必须首先建立一个主权国家，否则就无法保护我们的人身自由。We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people，linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language.English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century.They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English.In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing.As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language : American English.Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language Unit8 1.这是一个繁荣的小镇，但是在财富和充裕之中任然存在这贫困。

This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.2.布朗一家遭受了一个接一个的不幸，但是他们家的还在从来没有抱怨。The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children never complained.3.这个博物馆的设计让它和周围的环境完全和谐。

The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony with its surroundings.4.这些花在火辣辣的太阳下一点都没有枯萎，真是一个奇迹。

It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.5.一群群的羊在从冬天的积雪中冒出来的一片片植被上面吃着草。

篇3：全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译

一、多元智能理论 (the Theory of Multiple Intel-ligences) 的多元智力启示

多元智能理论 (MI) 是由美国哈佛大学心理学教授霍华德·加德勒 (Howard Gardner) 作为一种智能模型于1983年通过《智能结构》这本书较系统阐述出来的, 这种智能模型挑战智商理论 (the theory of IQ) 的测试观和皮亚杰的认知发展理论 (the theory of Cognitive Development) 。按加德纳的说法, 每个人至少有七种智力:语言智力、逻辑或数学智力、音乐智力、空间或视觉智力、运动或身体智力、人际智力 (与他人相处的能力) 、内在智力或内省智力 (洞察和了解自己的能力) 。在七种智能中, 语言智能可以说一出生就开始发展了, 而语言能力与认知发展之间存在密切的联系。

该理论认为, 每个学生都有其潜在的发展能力, 大学英语素质教育的宗旨在于培养学生的创新能力。在英语教学中, 针对不同学生开发其所具有的不同智力, 通过对《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 的学习提高英语听说读写译综合能力。

二、多元智能理论视角下大学英语素质教育的开展

长期以来, 大学英语教学采用统一的教学模式扼杀了许多学生的学习积极性。在多元智能理论的指导下, 教育工作者通过因材施教和发挥学生各自的优势, 做到“不让一个学生掉队”。

(一) 运用语言、人际智力发展学生的社会交往能力

最理想的语言学习是在自然情境下真实、有趣、有意义的学习, 所以, 在设计大学英语教学环节时, 教师应为学生创设一个适宜语言学习环境, 以发掘具有不同个性的学生的语言智能, 促进学生个性的健康发展是素质教育的重要特质。

在讲授《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 这本书时, 利用课前10分钟让学生进行演讲, 演讲内容最好与即将学习的内容是相关的。在学习Writing for myself时, 教师可确定演讲的主题为My teacher, 学生根据自己的英语水平确定演讲内容的难易度。同样, 在学习ALL THE CABBLE HAD WAS A LETTER时, 教师可确定演讲的主题为Friendship, 当然可根据自己的实际水平演讲其他内容。学生也可通过用英语讲故事、朗读诗歌、扮演角色等的方式进行演讲。慢慢地, 学生就会大胆地说英语, 使他们在其原有基础上有所进步和发展。

大学英语教学的目的不仅仅局限于促进学生英语交际水平的提高, 而更应培养他们与别人协作的能力。

(二) 运用逻辑或数学智力的培养学生的创新精神

大学英语教学不能只局限于背诵, 要鼓励学生敢于思考, 善于提出问题。教师在讲解英语课文时, 可避免传统的平铺直叙地讲解和翻译, 而应让学生先预习后提出问题。在学习《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 第五单元中的A VALENTINE STORY时, 学生提出了以下问题:

John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people……句中的studied还是学习的意识吗?

During the next year the two grew to know each other through the mail.这个句子怎样翻译?

I’d always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance on just that, and that kind of love would disgust me.这个句中的三个that分别做什么成分?如何解释?

I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.成绩较好的学生会直接问“老师, 这是倒装句吗?”一般的学生会说“不知道这个句子的结构和意思”。

The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive.这个句子什么意思。

这样一来, 课堂气氛非常活跃, 学生都陷入积极的思考之中, 争先恐后地提出自己的问题和看法。即使他们提出的问题非常简单, 甚至有些幼稚, 老师都给予鼓励和表扬, 保护他们的好奇心、求知欲和想象力, 激发他们的创新热情, 培养他们的创新精神, 训练他们的逻辑思维能力。

另外, 在讲解《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 每单元课后习题Comprehensive Exercises中的Cloze (A) 时, 提示学生在对课文理解的基础上, 通过上下文的联系完成, 帮助学生对文章进行深层次的研究分析。在涉及到词前后缀词 (prefixation and suffixation) 、近义词、反义词等的讲解时, 鼓励学生通过借助词根、近反义词等推测出新词的意义。例如:在核对《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程 (学生用书1) 第三单元Word Formation时, 通过对词根chairman supply sight abled decided pronounce do park rich condition gain cultural和前缀co under fore dis un mis over mini en pre re multi等的了解, 让学生猜出co-chairman undersupply foresight disabled undecided mini-park mispronounce overdo enrich precondition regain multicultural等新词的含义。由此锻炼学生的逻辑辨识、推理思考和数字运算能力。

(三) 运用音乐、空间或视觉智力发挥学生的主体性地位

大学生具有活跃、模仿力强、喜爱音乐等的特点。教师可利用教材把学生对旋律、节奏、音调的鉴赏制作能力与教材内容结合起来。《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 第一、二和六单元中Part I部分都涉及到与本单元教学内容相关的英文歌曲, 例如:第二单元与本单元教学内容相关的歌曲为That’s What Friend are For (《那就是朋友相处之道》) , 教师通过安排学生欣赏这首歌曲并让学生试着学唱, 然后通过对相关背景知识的介绍使学生了解到:A fair weather friend is one who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives.从而使学生认识到择友的慎重性。通过英文歌曲的学习和欣赏, 激发学生的学习动机和兴趣, 增强他们鉴赏制作能力。

人们通过感觉器官感知外界信息的, 在各种感觉器官中, 视觉器官所感知到的信息占绝大部分。在视觉感知到的信息中, 直观的音像信息较文字信息更容易被识记。英语老师在教授新课时应设计相关电子课件, 课件和音像都是视觉媒体。在设计课件时应将文字与声音、图像、动画等结合起来, 使原本复杂抽象的文字变得直观、简单、具体。这样, 可激发学生学习的积极性, 调动其主动性。

在教学《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 第六单元时, 先让了解课文———WHAT ANIMALS REALLY THINK的大意, 然后播放一段与动物相关的动画片, 将课文中涉及到的内容展现出来。再结合课文内容向学生展示课文中涉及到的Oranqutan Columbus Zoo the Univesity of Tennessee Seattle Zoo Atlanta Killer Whale Seattle’s Woodland Park Zoo等图片。这些视觉空间的直观教具有利于学生对一些动物、场景和相关英语背景知识的了解, 使学生投入空间或视觉智力的活动中, 从而积极主动地学习。

素质的形成是一个持续不断的内化过程, 即教育的内容、要求、影响等经过学生主动的吸收、转和积淀逐步内化为稳定素质。这一心理过程的不可替代性决定了教育活动必须充分发挥学生的主动性。

(四) 运用运动或身体智力培养学生的实践能力

福禄贝尔强调幼儿游戏活动的重要性, 班杜拉认为观察学习是规则和创造性行为的主要来源, 布鲁纳主张教师的任务主要不是传授知识而是让学生发现学习。这些观点都强调实践能力对于学习的重要性, 犹如杜威的“从做中学”。

在教学《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 每单元课文时, 激励学生发现问题、探究问题、解决问题, 并帮助学生扮演文中不同角色。例如:在学习TONY TRIVISONNO’S AMERICAN DREAM时, 让学生主动分组进行表演, 分别扮演Tony、FrederickC.Crawford和FrederickC.Crawford’wife。这样, 学生通过实践活动在轻松愉快的情景下完成学习任务, 从而提高他们的运动或身体能力。

(五) 运用内在智力或内省智力发展学生的个性

促进个性发展是素质教育的本质和真谛。每个学生都有其不同的认知特征、欲望需求、兴趣爱好、价值取向和不同的创造才能, 因而具有不同的个性。个性是个体稳定的心理特征, 具有独特性。所以, 学生应借助内在智力或内省智力正确认识和评价和调适自己, 既要有自信又能正确面对自己的缺点和过失。例如:在学习《大学英语》 (全新版) 综合教程1 (学生用书) 第四单元AMERICAN DREAM时, 启发学生通过与Tony比较进行自我反省, 让自己明白为了实现自己的梦想还应具备那些素养和能力。

多元智能理论智力多元化的理念与当前大学英语素质教育中倡导的发展学生的社会交往能力、发挥学生的主体性地位、培养学生的创造精神和实践能力、发展学生的个性等有异曲同工之妙。大学英语教学的根本任务在于发展每个学生, 发展学生具有的各种潜能。

参考文献

篇4：全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译

Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ1）、1.respectable 2.agony 3.put…down 4.sequence 5.hold back 6.distribute 7.off and on 8.vivid 9.associate 10.finally 11.turn in 12.tackle 2）、1.has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.2.was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time.4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out.3）、1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas 3.compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ.1.composed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary 5.recall 6.command 7.was violating 8.anticipate Ⅲ.1.at 2.for 3.of 4.with 5.as 6.about 7.to 8.in, in 9.from 10.on/upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ.Cloze 1.1.hold back 2.tedious 3.scanned 4.recall 5.vivid 6.off and on 7.turn out/in 8.career 2.1.last 2.surprise 3.pulled 4.blowing 5.dressed 6.scene 7.extraordinary 8.image 9.turn 10.excitement Ⅱ.Translation 1.1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident.For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never(be able to)walk again.One day, while scanning(through)some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story.It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit2 I.Vocabulary 1..1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/ urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead

2.Rewriting 1)It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.2)He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.3)She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.4)Something has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time.5)The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.3.Complete the sentences.1)were postponed the awful is estimated 2)reference not available an kind of 3)not much of a teacher skips go ahead

II.Collocation 1.to 2.for 3.at 4.from 5.in 6.to on 7.on 8.with

III.Usage 1.more or less 2.kind of/ sort of 3.something 4.kind of/ sort of 5.more or less 6.or something

Comprehensive exercises I.Cloze 1.text-related

1)choked up 2)awful 3)practically 4)neighborhood 5)correspondence 6)available 7 destination 8)reunion 9)Mostly 10)postponing 11)absolutely

2.Theme-related 1)how 2)savings 3)embarrassment 4)phone5)interrupted 6)touch 7)envelop 8)signed 9)message 10)needed

II.Translation 1.Translate the sentences.1)Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.5)Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.2.Translate the passage.It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away.This is true in my case.It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there.I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time.They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in the future.Unit 3 I Vocabulary 1

1)brief 2)in terms of 3)cut off 4)tend

5)anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8)initiative 9)convey 10)in two minds 11)concept 12)grasp 2 1)has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers’ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.3 1)lies in contact between

2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment 3)the steady will be highly II Word Formation 1 regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled 5 precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich IIIAntonyms

1)majority 2)accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses 5)local 6)late 7)wrong 8)false Comprehensive exercises I Close 1.Text-related

1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient 6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure 2.Theme-related

1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another 6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10)Someday II Translation 1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about.Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life.The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated.However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems.They want to slow down the rate of progress.But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4 Vocabulary 1)wreck 2)balance 3)approaching 4)handle 5)discard 6)Above all 7)diet 8)do with

9)checked on 10)cleaned up 11)weekly 12)principles 2.1)to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2)was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3)for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4)express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5)will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1)for sale hunting for be amazed by 2)become skilled handle their loans 3)character by calling on he passed away II Confusable words 1.1)personal 2)personnel

2.1)sometime 2)Sometimes 3)some time 4)sometime III Euphemism de hcgabf

Comprehensive Exercises I Close 1.Text-related

1)sponsored 2)determination 3)turned away 4)assumed 5)capacity 6)skilled 7)loan 8)character 9)hunting 10)for sale 11)send for 2.Theme-related

1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4)grow 5)dream

6)immigrants 7)business 8)engineering 9)invest 10)rich III Translation 1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan.But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help.Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money.Now he has become a wealthy businessman.Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5 Vocabulary I.1

1)monthly 2)acquaintances 3)classic 4)look;in the eye 5)manufactured 6)options 7)finance 8)replacement 9)survived 10)pick out 11)married 12)grabbed at 2.1)survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2)almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3)of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4)several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5)straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1)inquiry;died of hunger;people survied 2)Instantly;give up his;retire;replace him;executive 3)his beloved;odd jobs;and all that II Word Formation 1.embarrassment 2.survivors 3.newly 4.marketable 5.monthly 6.competition 7.conceivable 8.respectable III.Usage 1.the poor 2.The deceased/The dead 3.the disabled 4.the French 5.The accused 6.the young 7.the unemployed 8.the latter…the former… Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.Text-related 1)died of 2)instantly 3)classic 4)ask around 5)surviving 6)retire 7)executive 8)replacement 9)stock 10)look…in the eye 2.Theme-related 1)impressed 2)diligence 3)Instead 4)Contrary 5)professionally 6)perform 7)personal 8)balance 9)commitment 10)revealed II.Translation 1.1)I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm.He works six days a week.Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights.However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family.On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can.To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6 Homework Vocabulary Ⅰ

1.1.Fertile 2.Reflected 3.Overseas 4.Slim 5.Split 6.Sustained 7.Glow 8.Thrust 9.Keen 10.Bud 11.Previous 12.Whichever 2.1)The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2)Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3)A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4)I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martin come in.5)The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1)to broaden;make their way 2)disgusts;take a chance on 3)the grand;and overseas;reflected Ⅱ

1.1)frightened 2)afraid/ frightened 2.1)alike/similar 2)similar 3.1)alive 2)living 4.1)sleeping 2)asleep Ⅲ

1)disappointed 2)disappointment 3)disappointing 4)disappoint 5)disappointingly 6)disappointing 2.1)attractive 2)attract 3)attraction 4)attractively 5)unattractively 6)unattractive Comprehension Exercises ⅠCloze Text-related 1）Identifying 2)gripped 3)margins 4)corresponding 5)overseas 6)little 7)hesitate 8)grateful 9)made my way 10)going my way 2.Theme-related 1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4)another 5)threw

6)deliberately 7)reasoned 8)himself 9)restaurant 10)matter ⅡTranslation 1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others.Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study.From then on he sent them money regularly.Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas.Unit 7 Content Questions Pair Work 1.He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.2.Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3.He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4.She wanted to get more pineapple.5.He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6.It shows he is clever and sly.He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7.They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8.The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9.Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10.Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate and delivered a baby whale.11.Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12.Towan hid his orange underneath his foot.The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.Text Organization 1.Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2.Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement 1.(1)controversy(2)consciousness(3)explore(4)serves their own purposes(5)encounter(6)lack of it(7)convinced(8)mental feats(9)captivity(10)humans Language Focus I.Vocabulary 1.1)go(very)far 2)has expanded 3)in the interest(s)of 4)only to 5)encountered 6)has cooperated 7)assessed 8)(had)switched 9)horizons 10)gaze 11)disaster 12)wiped out 2.1)… a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not 2)… felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly 3)...suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay 4)… is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5)… give in until they give her a pay rise 3.1)have undertaken, original, to explore 2)evidence convinced, underneath, extending to 3)to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore II.Confusable Words 1.firstly 2.first, first 3.At first 4.First/Firstly 5.first 6.First 7.at first 8.first III.Usage 1.animal intelligence whose 2.zoo keeper where 3.eye contact through what 4.money supply of what 5.killer whale what kind 6.baby whale how old 7.family member of what 8.sea turtle what kind/where Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.(1)emergency(2)evidence(3)original(4)sizing up(5)negotiates(6)reveal(7)make a deal(8)dominant(9)in their interest(s)(10)deceiving(11)controversy(12)judgment(13)explore 2.(1)protect(2)However(3)type(4)situation(5)sights(6)together(7)rang(8)associate(9)without(10)environment II.Translation 1.1)A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3)We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4)My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition 5)Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.2.When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown.There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male.They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill.Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended.Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!Unit8 Pair work

1.She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation.2.Children can’t spell correctly;their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent 3.He didn’t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A.He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.4.A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5.To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers.6.He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7.They can’t read or write.They place their hopes on their children.8.He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9.Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10.Americans stop demanding good education foe children.Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done.America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11.Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12.He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own 1.Part one paras.1-10 Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24 Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part one Teenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorance Part two Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancement Indifference(1)Summed up(2)Preferred(3)Financial（4）

Accumulated（5）Intellectual（6）Affect（7）Industrial 8）Idle（9）Break down（10）Vocabulary I 1.1.industrial 2.idle3.is functioning4.intellectual5.scared6.handful 7.luxury 8.private 9.work up 10.slice 11.miracle 12.was jammed 2.1.to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。2.is a matter of total indifference to me.3.drove home the point that they needed extra people 4.was found after they searched for it for a long time 5.had run out of water by the time they got to the camp 3.1.manual and complex its financial 2.was very upset make a living by swore was/became much better off 3.handful ignorant of paintings/ works summed up II 1.The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job.2.What made you change your mind? 3.I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer.4.The vet put something down the dog’s throat to make it vomit.5.The story makes interesting reading.6.Five and five make ten.7.On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day.8.I don’t think she’ll ever really make it to the top III 1

(1)developing(2)develo p(3)development(4)develop(5)developing developed 2(1)amazed(2)amazes(3)amazingly(4)amazing(5)amazement Comprehensive exercise I.CLOZE 1.TEXT-RELATED(1)complex(2)idle(3)make a living by(4)accumulated(5)affect(6)function(7)faculties(8)ignorant(9)wake up 2.THEME-RELATED(1)dormitory(2)passing(3)leaping(4)department(5)burned(6)destroyed(7)seriously(8)marriages(9)report(10)perspective

II TRANSLATION 1)Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as a teacher.2)With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.3)In my humble opinion, reading us the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4)Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5)The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio: a man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same class competing with each other for high marks.The story goes/ It’s like this: The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young.With little education, with no useful skills, he could hardly earn an adequate living wage.His life experiences drove home to him the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumulate wealth.So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn.翻译： 第一单元

成长

课文A 我们写作时常常被告诫，脑子里要有读者，笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣。但有一位读者特别不该忘记。你能猜出是谁吗?当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时，他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶。

为自己而写

拉塞尔·田克

从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这—一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。

弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。他救着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来—·本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。

我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年，不少日子过去了，还真率出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有，但绝大多数—样乏味。我把作文题带回家，——直没写，直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。…

这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过，在座的大人也是经验不足，没有—个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作—团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。

突然我就想描述那…切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它—个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。

等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写——篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文，他把别人的都发了，·就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命—放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。

“好了，孩子们，”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是：吃意大利细面条的艺术。”

于是他开始念了。是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是，全班同学都在听着他念，而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来，接着全班都笑了，不是轻蔑嘲弄，而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次，好抑制他那丝拘谨的微笑。我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十——年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的——刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道：“瞧，孩子们，这就是小品文，懂了没有。这才是一知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓，知道了没有。祝贺你，贝克先生。”他这番话使我沉浸 在十全十美的幸福之中。

第二单元

友谊

课文A

老朋友天各一方，你心有何感?你是否努力保持联系?有时候写信的事很容易会一拖再拖，总以为明天有的是时间。然而，正如这则故事所表明的，有时我们拖得太晚了。也许读一读这个故事会让你提起笔来。

出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信

福斯特·韩克洛

他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了，因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。

他总算抬头看我了。“你出车吗?”我问道。他点点头，当我坐进后座时，他抱歉地说：“对不起，我在读一封信。”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。“我不着急，”我对他说。“你接着把信读完吧。”

他摇了摇头。“我已经读了好几遍了。我想我都能背出来了。”

“家书抵万金啊，”我说。“至少对我来说是这样，因为我老是在外旅行。”我估量他有六七十岁了，便猜测说：“是孩子还是孙子写宋的?”

“不是家里人，”他回答说。“不过，”他接着说，“想起来，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了。实际上，过去我俩总是以‘老朋友’相称的——就是说，当我俩相见时。我这人就是不大会写东西。”

“我看大家写信都不那么勤快，”我说。“我自己笔头就很懒。我看，你认识他挺久了吧?” “差不多认识了一辈子了。我俩小时候就一起玩，所以我俩的友谊确实很长了。” “一起上的学?”．

“都一起上到高中呢。事实上，我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里。” “保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊，”我说。

“其实呢，”司机接着说，“近25到30年来，我跟他一年只见一两次面，因为我从原来住的老街坊搬了出来，联系自然就少了，虽说你一直放在心上。他在的时候可真是个大好人。” “你刚才说他‘在的时候’。你是说——?” 他点了点头。“前两个星期过世啦。”

“真遗憾，”我说。“失去朋友真不是个滋味，失去个真正的老朋友更让人受不了。” 他开着车，没有接话儿。我们沉默了几分钟，可我知道他还在想着老埃德。他又开口时，与其说是跟我说话，还不如说是自言自语：“我真该一直保持联系。真的，”他重复道，“我真该—直保持联系。”

“是明，”我表示赞同，“我们都该与老朋友保持更多的联系。不过总是有事情冒出来，好像就是抽不出空来。”

他耸了耸肩。“我们过去总能抽出空来，”他说。“信里还提到呢。”他把信递给我。“你看看吧。”

“谢谢你，”我说，“不过我不想读你的信。这纯属私事。”

司机耸，一耸肩。“老埃德人都死了。没什么私事不私事了。念吧，”他催促说。信是用铅笔写的。称呼写着“老朋友”，而开头第一句话让我想到自己。“早就想写信了，可就是——拖再拖。”信里接着写道，他常常回想从前两人住在一个街坊时的快乐时光。信里提到些事，可能对司机很重要，比如“那次蒂姆·谢打破窗子，那年万圣节前夕，我们把老帕克先生的大门拴了起来，还有卡尔弗太太老是在放学后把咱俩留下训斥的那阵子”。“你们俩准是在一起度过了不少时光，”我对他说。

“就跟信里写的那样，”他回答说，“我俩在那个时候能花的只有时间。”他摇头叹道：“时间吓可。”

信里接下来的那段我觉得有点凄凉：“信的开头我写着‘老朋友’，因为这么多年来，我们这对老朋友渐渐都老了。我们这些人当中留下的也不多了。”

“你要知道，”我对他说，“信里说我们这些人当中留下的不多了，说得一点不错。比如说，每次我去参加老同学聚会，来的人总是越来越少。” “时间不饶人啊，”司机说。

“你们俩以前在一起工作吗?”我问他。

“不，不过没成家时我俩总在一起闲荡。后来，两人都成了家，就不时相互串门。可最近这二三十年来，主要就是寄寄圣诞卡了。当然，我俩都总在卡上写几句——通常是关于各自家里的情况，不是吗，孩子们在干些什么，谁搬到哪儿，添了个小孙子，都是这类事——可一直都没正儿八经地写过信什么的。”

“这一处写得好，”我说。“这里写道：‘你多年的友谊对我非常重要，远比我能说出来的重要得多，因为我不擅长说这样的话。，，我颔首称是。“这话准让你听着开心，是吧?” 司机说了句什么，可我没听明白，因为他似乎哽噎得厉害。于是我接着说：“我也真想收到这样一封老朋友的来信。”

我们快到目的地了，于是我跳到最后一段。“因此我想你一定想知道我惦记着你。”信末署名：“老朋友汤姆”。我们在我的旅店前停下，我把信递了回去。“很高兴能和你聊聊，”我将衣箱从车上提下时说。汤姆？信的署名是汤姆？

“我节的你朋友叫埃德，”我说。“为什么他署名汤姆呢？”

“这封信不是汤姆写给我的，”他解释说。“我是汤姆。这是我在得知他去世前写给他的信。所以我一直没寄出。”

他神情有点悲伤，似乎想看清远处什么东西。“我想我真该早些写这封信。” 我进了旅馆房间之后，没有马上打开箱包。首先我得写封信——而且要寄出去。

第三单元

理解科学

课文A 霍金教授认为使每个人都了解科学是干什么的非常重要。在这篇文章中，他对其中的缘由作了解释。

公众科学观

斯蒂芬.霍金

无论我们是否愿意，我们生活的世界在过去一百年间已经变化了许多，而且在未来的一百年里可能变化更多。有人想中止这种种变化，回到那个他们认为更纯洁更朴素的时代。但正如历史所表明的，过去并非那么美妙。过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟，但即便他们也：无从享受现代医疗，而生育对妇女来说风险极大。对占人口大多数的民众而言，生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的。

不管怎样，即使有人想这么做，他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了。也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展。即使所有用于研究的政府资金都被取消（现政府最擅此事），竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展。更何况，没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础学科，无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳。唯一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即便这个政府也不会成功。它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度。

如果我们承认，我们无法阻止科学技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保科技带来的变化方向正确。在——个民主社会里，这意味着公众需要对科学有—个基本的了解，从而可以作出明达的决定，而不是把决定留给专家去作。目前，公众对科学存有矛盾之心。公众期望科技新发展带来的生活水准的稳定提高能继续，但又怀疑科学，因为他们不懂科学。那个在实验室里设法制造弗兰肯斯泰因的疯狂的科学家的卡通人物清楚地体现了公众的这种怀疑。这也是人们之所以支持各种绿色组织的—个重要因素。但公众同时也对科学深感兴趣，尤其是对天文学，诸如《夜空》之类的电视连续剧观众不少以及科幻小说读者甚多就是明证。

怎么样才能利用这种兴趣，向公众提供所需要的科学知识，以便其在酸雨、温室效应、核武器以及基因工程等问题上作出明达的决定呢?显然，必须把基础建立在学校课程上。但在学校里，科学往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子们死记硬背应付考试，他们看刁；出科学与他们的周围世界的联系。更有甚者，科学常常是用公式来教的。虽然公式是阐述数学概念的——种简单而精确的方式，它们却使大多数人望而生畏。前不久我写了—“本通俗读物，当时有人告诫我说，我每使用个公式就会使销量减半。我只使用了—个公式，即爱因斯坦那个著名的公式，E=mc2：。如果；用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出—倍的书。私学家和工程师倾向于用公式阐述观点，因为他们需要知道量的精确值。但对我们其余的人来说，对科学概念有个质的认识就已足够，这可以用文字和图表来表述，大可不必使用公式。人们在学校学到的科学知识可以提供—个基本的框架。但如今科学进步的速度如此之快，个人离开学校或大学后新的发展层出不穷。我在学校从未学过分子生物学或晶体管，但基因工程和计算机是极有可能改变我们未来生活的两项发展。有关科学的通俗读物和杂志文章能帮助人们了解新发展，但即使是最畅销的科普读物也只有—部分人阅读。只有电视能赢得真：广大的观众。电视上有些相当优秀的科学节目，但其他的节目把科学奇迹简单地作为魔术播出，既不加以说明，也展现它们与科学观念的整体框架的关系。电视科学节目的制片人应该认识到，他们负有教育民众的重任，而不仅仅是为他们提供娱乐。

当今世界充满危险，因此就有了那个令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，说我们尚未受到外星文明造访的原因在于：但凡文明发展到我们目前的程度，它们往往就自我毁灭了。然而我对公众的明智充满信心，因而相信，我们将证明这一说法是错误的。

第四单元

美国梦

课文A 美国梦对不同的人有不同的意义。但对许多人，尤其是对移民而言，它意味着改善自己生活的机会。对于他们，美国梦的含义就是才能与勤劳能让你从小木屋走向白宫。托尼·特里韦索诺并没有爬到那么高，但他成功地使自己的梦想成真

托尼·特里韦索诺的美国梦

弗雷德里克·c·克罗弗德

他来自意大利罗马以南某地一个满地石子的农庄。他什么时候怎么到美国的，我不清楚。不过，有天晚上，我看到他站在我家车库后面的车道上。他身高五英尺七、八左右，人很瘦。“我割你的草坪，”他说。他那结结巴巴的英语很难听懂。

我问他叫什么名字。“托尼·特里韦索诺，”他回答说。“我割你的草坪。”我对托尼讲，本人雇不起园丁。

“我割你的草坪，”他又说道，随后便走开了。我走进屋子，心里有点不快。没错，眼下这大萧条的日子是不好过，可我怎么能把一个上门求助的人就这么打发走呢? 等我第二天晚上下班回到家，草坪已修整过了，花园除了草，人行道也清扫过了。我便问太太是怎么回事。

“有个人把割草机从汽车库里推出来就在院子里忙活起来，”她回答说。“我还以为是你雇他来的。”’

我就把前晚的事跟她说了。我俩都觉得奇怪，他怎么没提出要工钱。

接下来的两天挺忙·，我把托尼的事给忘了。我们在尽力重整业务，要让一部分工人回厂里来。但在星期五，回家略微早了些，我又在汽车库后面看到了托尼。我对他干的活夸奖了几句。

“我割你的草坪，”他说。

我设法凑了一小笔微薄的周薪，就这样托尼每天清扫院子，有什么零活，他都干了。我太太说，但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的，他挺派得上用场。

夏去秋来，凉风阵阵。“克罗先生，快下雪了，”有天晚上托尼跟我说。“等冬天到了，你让我在厂里干扫雪的活。” 啊，对这种执着与期盼，你又能怎样呢?自然，托尼得到了厂里的那份活儿。几个月过去了。我让人事部门送上一份报告。他们说托尼干得挺棒。一天我在汽车库后面我们以前见面的地方看到了托尼。“我想学徒，”他说。，我们有个挺不错的培训工人的徒工学校。可我怀疑托尼是否有能力学会看图纸、用千分尺，是否胜任做精密加工工作。尽管如此，可我怎么能拒绝他呢? 托尼减了薪水当了徒工。几个月之后，我收到报告，他已从徒工学校毕业，成了熟练磨工。他学会了在千分尺上辨识一百万分之一英寸，会用镶嵌着金刚石的工具制作砂轮。我和太太都挺高兴，觉得他的事总算有了个令人满意的结局。

一两年过去了，我在托尼惯常等我的地方又看到了他。我们聊起了他的工作，接着我问他有什么要求。

“克罗先生，”他说，“我想买房。”在小镇边上，他看到有房出售，完全是幢破房。我去见——·位当银行家的朋友。“人品贷款你干不干?”我问。“不干，”他说。“我们承担

不起。没门。”

“哎，等等，”我应道。“有个人干活勤勉，人品端正，这一点我担保。他有个好工作。眼下，你从你那块地上—分钱也得不到。那块地空在那儿要好多年呢。至少他会付你利息嘛。” 那位银行家勉强开了两干美金抵押贷款，没要托尼首付就把房子给了他。托尼乐不可支。从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。

约摸过了两年，我在我们见面的老地方又看到了托尼。他身子似乎挺直了些，人也见胖了，样子挺自信。

“克罗先生，我卖房子!”他得意地说。“我得了八千美金。” 我非常吃惊。“可是，托尼，没了房子你住哪儿呢?” “克罗先生，我买农庄。”

我们坐下聊了起来。托尼告诉我说，拥有一个农庄是他的梦想。他喜欢番茄，辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相当重要的其它各种蔬菜。．他把在意大利的妻子和儿子女儿都接来了。他在小镇周边到处找，终于找到一处没人要的一小块地产，有一幢房，还有间小棚。他正在把家搬到农庄去。

又过了一些时候，在一个星期日的下午托尼来了，他穿戴得整整齐齐。和他一起来的还有另一位意大利人。他告诉我，他说服了儿时的，伙伴前来美国。托尼为他作经济担保。他眼里露出顽皮的神情，对我说，他俩来到他经营的小农庄时，他的朋友惊奇地站住说，“托尼，你是个百万富翁啦!”

后来，在战争期间，公司里传出了一个消息。托尼去世了。

我让公司的人去他家看看，确保各项事宜都得到妥善安置。他们看到农场上长着绿油油的蔬菜，小屋布置得舒适温馨，院子里有一辆拖拉机，还有一辆不错的汽车。孩子受过教育都工作了，托尼身前没有分文欠债。

托尼去世后，我一直想着他的经历。他的形象在我心目中越来越高大。最后，我觉得他就和美国那些最大的实业家一样高大、自豪。

他们都通过同样的途径，本着同样的价值观和原则获得了成功：远见、执着、自制、乐观、自尊，以及最重要的，正直。

托尼不是从最低——级阶梯往上爬的，他是从地下室往上爬的。托尼的事业很小，那些最大的实业家的事业很大。但究其实两者的资产负债表完全一样。惟——的不同是你把小数点点在什么地方。．

托尼?特里韦索诺来到美国寻求美国梦。但他没有找到什么美国梦——他为自己创造了个美国梦。他的全部拥有是天宝贵的二十四小时，而他—刻也没有浪费。

第五单元

爱情

课文A 一个你从没有见过的人给你寄来一封信或打来一个电话，而你不知不觉地想象着这个人是个什么样儿，赋予这个隐秘的声音一张面孔。这事儿你干得来吗?有时候是很容易搞错的。

爱情故事

道络·贝尔

约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来，整了整军装，留意着格兰德中央车站进出的人群。他在寻找一位姑娘，一位佩带玫瑰的姑娘。他知其心，但不知其貌。十二个月前，在佛罗里达州的一个图书馆，他对她产生了兴趣。他从书架上取下一本书，很快便被吸引住了，不是被书的内容，而是被铅笔写的眉批。柔和的笔迹显示出其人多思善虑的心灵和富有洞察力的头脑。

在书的前页，他找到了前一位拥有人的姓名，霍利斯·梅奈尔小姐。他花了…—番工夫和努力，找到了她的地址。她住在纽约市。他给她写了一封信介绍自己，并请她回复。第二天他被运往海外，参加第二次世界大战。

在接下来的一年当中，两人通过信件来往增进了了解。每——封信都如—颗种子撒入肥沃的心灵之土。浪漫的爱情之花就要绽开。布兰查德提出要一张照片，可她拒绝了。她解释道：如果你对我的感情是真实的，是诚心诚意的，那我的相貌如何并不重要。设想我美丽动人。我将会——直深感不安，惟恐你只是因为我的容貌就贸然与我相爱，而这种爱情令我憎恶。设想本人相貌平平(你得承认，这种可能性更大)。那我一直会担心，你和我保持通信仅仅是出于孤独寂寞，无人交谈。不，别索要照片。等你到了纽约，你会见到我，到时你可再作定夺。且记，见面后我俩都可以自由决定中止关系或继续交往——无论你怎么选择……” 他从欧洲回国的日子终于到了。他们安排了两人的第一次见面——晚上七点，纽约格兰德中央车站。

“你会认出我的，”她写道，“我会在衣襟上戴一朵红玫瑰。”于是，晚上七点，他候在车站，寻找——位过去一年里在自己生活中占据了如此特殊地位的姑娘，…—位素未谋面，但其文字伴随着他、始终支撑着他精神的姑娘。

且让布兰查德先生告诉你接下来发生的事吧：

一位年轻的姑娘向我走来，她身材颀长纤细。一头卷曲的金发披在秀美的耳后；眼睛碧蓝，如花似玉。她的双唇和下颌线条柔和，却又柔中见刚，她身穿浅绿色套装，犹如春天一般生气盎然。

我朝她走去，完全忘了去看她有没有戴玫瑰花。

我走过去时，她双唇绽开撩人的微笑。“和我同路吗，水兵?”她小声问道。我情不自禁，再向她走近一步。可就在这时，我看到了霍利斯·梅奈尔。她差不多就站在姑娘的正后面，早已年过四十，灰白的头发用卡子向上别着，头上带着一顶旧帽子。她体态臃肿，粗圆的脚髁上套着一双低跟鞋。

穿着绿色套装的姑娘快步走开了。我觉得自己好像被分成了两半，一方面热切地想去追赶她，但另一方面我又渴望那一位以其心灵真诚陪伴我并成为我的精神支柱的女人。她站在那儿，苍白的圆脸显得温柔理智，灰色的眼睛透出热情善良。我没有迟疑。我手里紧握着那本小小的让她辨认我的蓝色羊皮面旧书。这不会是爱情，但将是某种珍贵的、或许比爱情更美妙的东西，一种我曾经感激，并将永远感激的友情。

我挺胸站立，敬了个礼，并举起手中的书奸让那位女士看。不过在我开口说话的时候，失望的痛苦几乎使我哽咽。“我是约翰·布兰查德中尉，想必您就是梅奈尔小姐。很高兴您来见我。可否请您赏光吃饭?”

妇女的脸上绽开了笑容。“我不知道是怎么回事，孩子，”她回答说，“可是刚才走过去的 那位穿绿色套装的姑娘，她央求我把这支玫瑰插在衣服上。她还说，要是你请我吃饭的话；我I 就告诉你，她就在街对面那个大饭店里等你。她说这是一种考验!”

梅奈尔小姐的智慧不难理解，也令人称奇。心灵的本质是从其对不美的事物的态度中反，习映出来的。

“告诉我你所爱者是谁，”何赛写道，“我就知道你是什么样的人。”

第六单元

动物智能

课文A

温饱，睡眠？它们的思维可能要比这深刻得多。

动物到底想些什么

尤金·林登

多年来，我写了大量关于动物智能实验、以及围绕这些实验所产生的争议的文章。动物真的有思想，即我们所说的意识吗?在考虑是否会有比设计教动物人类手势语的实验更好的方式探索动物智能时，我悟出了现在看来是显而易见的一点：如果动物能思维，它们会在能为自己所用的时候，而不是在科学家让它们思维的时候作出最佳思维。

于是我开始与兽医、动物研究人员以及动物园饲养员交谈。他们大都不研究动物智能，但他们每天都碰到或碰刁；到动物智能。他们讲述的故事开启了我相信是研究动物智能的一扇新的窗口：即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种一人类——时所表现的高超的思维技技能。

让我们做笔交易

请考虑这一情况：哥伦布动物园的一位动物保护主义者查伦·延德里觉察到一头叫做科洛的雌性大猩猩在玩弄一件可疑的物品。延德里走过去，给了科洛一些花生，却被翻了个白眼。意识到这是在讨价还价，延德里加大了筹码，又给了一片菠萝。这时候，科洛一边望着延德里，一边摊开手，露出了一根钥匙链。

见不是危险或珍贵物品，延德里松了一口气，把菠萝给了考勒。科洛真是个精明的还价者，它把钥匙链拉断，给了延德里一段，或许在算计着，要是每一小段都能换片菠萝，我干嘛要全都给她？

如果动物能在以物换物中显示技能，又何尝不会在使用钱币中再露一手?在田纳西大学人类学家琳·迈尔斯进行的一项手势语研究中，有头名叫夏特克的猩猩就这么做了。夏特克悟出，如果它干些诸如清理房间的事，他就能挣些硬币，好用来买好吃的，还可以坐迈尔斯的车外出兜风。但这头猩猩对钱币的理解似乎远远超出了简单的交易。迈尔斯一开始用塑料片充当硬币，而夏特克竟认定，它可以把塑料片拗成两片，以此扩大钱币供应量。而当迈尔斯改用金属片时，夏特克找到了一些锡箔，试图复制。

迈尔斯还试图教会夏特克一些好习惯，诸如节俭和与人分享。当我在它目前居住的亚特兰大动物园见到这头猩猩时，我果然见到它与人分享的一例，足以令任何人羡慕。迈尔斯给了夏特克——些葡萄，要求它与人分享，它很快吃完了所有的葡萄。随后，它似乎是想起了迈尔斯要它与人分享，便把梗儿递给了迈尔斯。

鲸鱼的故事

动物为什么会愿意与人合作?行为主义者会说，动物认识到合作于已有利时就会这么做。这没有错，但我觉得这一解释尚不充分。

动物行为顾问盖尔·劳尔说起过她了解的一头虎鲸奥基。“在我照管过的动物当中，它是最聪明的，”她说。“它会审时度势，再根据自己的判断采取行动。”

比如有次它救了一个家族成员。奥基的配偶科基生幼鲸时，那条幼鲸一开始情况不妙，饲养员把幼鲸用担架抬出水糟，实施紧急护理。他们把幼鲸送回水槽时，出了事情。当工人把担架停在高出水面几英尺处的时候，幼鲸开始呕吐。饲养员担心它会窒息，但他们无法接近幼鲸提供帮助。

奥基显然看出了问题，它游到担架下，让其中一人站在它头上。这种事从来没有训练它做过。然后，奥基用尾部保持平衡，让饲养员接近，并松开了那条420磅重的幼鲸，以便让它滑入水中，获得帮助。·

灵长目动物的骗术

有时动物的智能可以从其欺骗的企图中得以证明。西雅图伍德兰公园动物园饲养员海伦·休曼回忆道，一天她从喂食窗口给猩猩梅拉蒂扔了个桔子。梅拉蒂没有移动身体去接，而是眼睛直视休曼，伸出手来。休曼以为桔子准是滚到一边拿不到了，就又给了它一个。可当梅

拉蒂走开时，休曼却注意到原来那只桔子就藏在它另—只手里。

猩猩园的头领托温目睹了这个把戏。第二天，这头雄猩猩也是眼睛盯着休曼，装作没有接到桔子。“你肯定没拿到吗?”休曼问道。它仍直视着她，同时把手伸了出来。她让步了，又给了它—·个，随后却看见它把桔子藏在脚下。

智能究竟是什么?如果生命就是讲物种的生存——而智能是为了生存——那么我们根本无法与大脑只有豌豆大刁、的海龟相提并论，海龟早在人类出现很久之前便已存在，并经历了使恐龙灭绝的重大灾难而生存下来。尽管如此，想到除了我们人类，尚有其它物种，即便它们的视野比我们还狭小，却也能退后一步，清醒地审视周围的世界，不由人深感宽慰。

第七单元

突发事件

课文A 初看上去像是一个旧盒子或破衣裳。可紧接着他们就明白过来到底是什么了。

“铁轨上有孩子!”

左克·墨菲

1989年5月1日，星期一，新泽西州的拉姆齐上午天气宜人。凯特·普里查德俯身站在车尾行李箱前，费力地收拾着刚买回家的一袋袋食品杂货。她听到远处火车的鸣笛声。联合铁路公司的火车经过的地方离普里查德家不到三百英尺，可在后院与铁轨之间没有栅栏，只有一排长得密密的树木。然而，她的两个儿子，三岁半的托德和十八个月的斯科特，就在近旁私家车道上玩耍。

“就呆在这儿，”凯特说。“妈妈去把食品放好，然后我们进屋吃午饭，好吗?” “好!”托德一面说，一面竖起大拇指，做着他以前看他父亲做的这个手势。“好!”斯科特随声应和，试着模仿他哥哥的样子。他们望着母亲提着几个袋袋走进屋子。

凯特关好冰箱门匆匆走出屋来。还好。两个孩子正在原地玩耍。

当她从车后行李箱里又提出几个袋袋时，凯特听见有一列火车疾驶而过——是特快客车，她根据车速判断。她又将几个袋袋拿进屋去。

火车的声音显然把两个孩子的注意吸引到铁轨上。两人穿过那排树木，爬上笔陡的路基，跪在地上玩了起来。

往西几千英尺处，一辆货车缓缓地朝两个孩子驶宋。头顶上的灯向司机里奇·坎普纳发出信号，指示前面那辆客车已经开走，他们可以每小时40英里的正常速度继续运行。司机调整了加速器，转身面对列车员安东尼·法尔佐。安东尼中等身材，长得结结实实，现年35岁，已经为联合铁路公司干了差不多十六、七年。“你周末都干点啥，安东尼?”

“唉，不干什么。大多是瞎混——看点儿电视，然后睡觉。还能干什么?” 坎普纳笑了。“嘿，你最好悠着点，安东尼——你都快成派对狂了。”

两人哈哈大笑。就在他们大笑的时候，正以21英里的时速运行的机车开始加速。里奇和安东尼在同——瞬间发现火车前方有什么东西。

“那前面是什么?”司机问道。安东尼没回答。他日不转睛盯着前方看，试图辨识前方铁 轨上那怪形怪状的东西。是盒子?还是旧衣裳? 猛然间，两个人都明白过来那是什么东西。里奇用尽全力猛地紧急刹车，并拉响了汽笛。汽笛嘶鸣，与此同时安东尼大声嚷道：“铁轨上有孩子!”

安东尼冲出驾驶室，跳到车轮上方六英尺处一条狭窄人行踏板上，接着跑到摇摆的火车头前。他疾速攀下铁梯，停在梯子最后一级上，离他脚下飞速掠过的铁路路基有两英尺。现在，他可以清楚地看到两个孩子，他们正坐在铁轨旁边。安东尼拼命挥手示意，并大声喊叫：“走开!走开!”

他心里计算着火车的减速速度，痛苦地哼了一声。我们绝对不可能及时停车的。托德和斯科特正玩得起劲，没听到火车的声音。最后，当火车轰隆隆驶近时，斯科特抬头—看，惊呆了。

尽管火车在减速，安东尼知道车速仍比他奔跑的速度快。所以，他强迫自己等待，等到离孩子足够近的时候，他再一跃而下一把将他们抓住。在孩子与火车头前的犁雪机锋利的雪铲只有约十英尺的时候，安东尼从梯子上纵身向前一跃。他落在铁轨旁拳头大小的散石上，使尽力气才保持住平衡。他跨出两大步，几乎就要够着两个孩子了。两个孩子吓坏了，目瞪口呆地望着他。安东尼纵身跃起，朝他们扑去。

火车汽笛不停地嘶鸣，凯特·普里查德听着就像是被铁锤猛击了一下。“孩子!”她一声惊叫，冲出屋门。两个孩子不见了!铁道，她心想。我得去铁道那儿!安东尼身子砸下地时，他一边护着托德，一边伸出一只手臂去抓斯科特，好把他拉离铁轨。但火车压了过来。安东尼只见雪铲的黑色钢刃击中幼孩的下巴，将他的头往后一推，铲子从他脸上括过。顿时，鲜血从孩子额头溅出。

车身猛撞安东尼工作服的后背，把尼龙布都撕破了。但安东尼还是把斯科特完全拉到了自己身下。

他死了，安东尼心想。他毛骨悚然，一阵恶心。他的脸紧贴在石子上，使尽力气将两个孩子往下压，火车就从他们上面驶过，离他们只有几英寸。

凯特奔到停下的火车前，首先看到的便是托德。她的大儿子失去控制，在那儿乱蹦乱跳，大声哭喊。但凯特看出他没受伤。她抓过他紧紧抱住。随后她看见第三节车厢下一动不动躺着一个人。只见这人身子下面斯科特的脑袋上黑糊糊一片血污。凯特冲过去。“斯科特!”她尖声叫道。

安东尼扭转身子面对着她。“女士，”他对她说，声音很镇静。“回家去。叫警察和救护车来。”凯特没听进他的话，伸着手要抱孩子。安东尼又开口了，口气严厉了许多，“夫人，听着!回家打电话叫警察——叫救护车，快!”

凯特飞奔回家，打了电话，又通过寻呼机找到她丈夫加里。

第一辆警车到达时，安东尼仍然紧抱着年幼的斯科特。列车员从孩子的哭声知道他还活着，但斯科特可能有内伤，稍一动弹就有可能加重伤势。因此安东尼坚持让急救人员先对孩子进行检查，然后才放手。真是奇迹，斯科特伤势不重，只需缝十三针。

雪铲与地面之间只有十四英寸。记者后来问安东尼他在冒生命危险救孩子之前有否犹豫。“没有，”他回答道。“我当时所想到的就是那两个孩子前头还有整个人生，如果我不采取行动，他们必死无疑。我决不能让这样的悲剧发生。”

事故发生后不久，安东尼去普里查德家探望。他还记得他用双臂抱住托德和斯科特并将两人举起的情景。“这让我想起当时在火车底下我护着他们的情景。再一次抱住他们的感觉是奇特的——也是美妙的。”

普里查德夫妇说，自从第一次来探望之后，安东尼几乎成了他们家庭的一员。他们还说，现在有道栅栏把他们的街坊与铁轨隔开了。

第八单元

解决一个教育问题

课文A 本杰明.斯坦编了一个故事，以使美国青年彻底认识他们必须改变对教育的态度。读一读这个故事，看看你是否认为它对我们大家同样也有教育意义。

关于懒散少年的语言故事

本杰明.斯坦

去年一个秋日，我文件夹用完了，便去杂货店买。我拿了一大把文件夹搁在柜台上，问一个十几岁的售货员多少钱。“不知道，”她回答说。“反正单价12美分。” 我数了数文件夹。“二十三个，单价12美分，总共2.76美金，不含税，”我说。“你心算的？”她惊奇地问道。“你怎么会算出来的？” “靠魔力，”我说。“真的？”她问。

略受教育的成年人没有谁不会为这样的经历难过。虽然我们的孩子似乎比以往任何时候都要温厚和气，他们却如此无知——对自己的无知状况也如此无知——以至使我感到可怕。在我最近任教的一所私立大学，一个六十人的四年级班上，没有一个学生写短文时不犯拼写错误。没有一个学生例外。

更有甚者，他们对这种种的无知却毫不在乎，实在令人不寒而栗。一位朋友的聪明但却很懒散的十六岁儿子在解释他为什么不想上加州洛杉矶分校时说的话是对这种态度的高度概括。“我不想去那儿跟亚洲人竞争，”他说。“他们用功，什么都知道。”

其实，无论他是否愿意，这位年轻人都将不得不去跟亚洲人竞争。他不能永远躺在先辈积累的经济、物质与人力资本上。用不了多久，他懒于用脑的结果将严重影响他的生活方式，也将影响我们其他所有的人。一个现代工业化国家无法靠一支懒散、无知的劳动大军运行。飞机会坠落。计算机会出故障。汽车会抛锚。

为使这样的美国青年彻底认识到这…·点，我的愚见是：拍一—部电影，或电视连续剧，生动地描述我们国家的今天如何来之不易——而要丧失这—·切又何其容易。下面我奉献一篇寓言故事。

故事开始时，我们的主人公凯文·汉利1990，一名十七岁的高三学生，正坐在自己房间里，心情痛苦。他父母—千定要他准备欧洲史考试。而他则想去买一副激光唱片随身听的耳机。他被迫要读的书——《各国的财富》——让他打瞌睡。

凯文进入梦乡，时值1835年，他是他本人的曾太祖父，十七岁，是爱尔兰克雷郡的——个农民。他住在小小的陋室里，睡在一头猪旁。他老是挨饿，总是要找吃的。他最大的心愿是学会读书写字，以便找一个职员的工作。有了固定的工资，他就能养活自己，贴补家用。但汉利的贫穷使他无从享受上学这样的奢侈。没有教育，没有钱，他无能为力。他惟一的希望寄托在孩子身上。如果他们能接受教育，他们就会生活得好一些。

我们的寓言故事快速展开。现在凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的曾祖父，凯文·汉利1928。他也是十七岁，在匹兹堡一家钢铁厂工作。他的父亲从爱尔兰来到美国，参加过纽约地铁的修建。凯文·汉利1928比自己的父亲和祖父境遇好多了。他能读书写字。他的工资比先辈在爱尔兰时的收入高多了。

接下来凯文·汉利1990梦见自己成了他自己的祖父凯文·汉利1945。他正在硫黄岛与死敌日本军队作战。他总是又热又饿又害怕。一天晚上他在散兵坑里与一个朋友讲自己为什么在那儿作战：“这样我的儿子、孙子就能生活在和平安全的环境里。等我回国了，我要勤奋工作，让儿子上大学，这样他就可以干脑力活／L，而不是靠卖苦力生活。”

接着凯文·汉利1990成了他自己的父亲凯文·汉利1966。他终日用功，这样就可以上大学，进法学院。他住在漂亮的房子里。他—…生在和平环境中过着富裕的生活。他对女朋友说，等他有了儿子，他不会像他父亲逼他那样逼自己的儿子整天读书。

就在这时，凯文·汉利1990被自己的梦惊醒了。他离开了爱尔兰，离开了那家钢铁厂，离开了硫黄岛，不由松了口气。他又睡着了。

他接着做梦，这次成了他自己的儿子凯文·汉利2020。枪声日夜不停。他那整个一代人忘却了过去为什么要有法律，因此现在没有法律了。人们丝毫不关心政治，政府不为工人阶级提供服务。

凯文2020的父亲，自然就是凯文1990本人，在日本人开的一家工厂当清洁工。凯文2020在一家专为有钱的欧洲人和亚洲人开的酒店里当行李工。公共教育到六年级为止。美国人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育。

凯文1990最后梦见的是他自己的孙子。凯文2050没有有用的技能。日本制造的机器包揽了所有复杂的工作，没有什么体力活可做。没有受过教育，没有受过训练，他挣不到足够的钱养活自己。他住在贫民窟，没有暖气，没有卫生设备，无法不受四邻干扰，靠搜捡破烂度日。

总之，他的生活就像凯文·汉利1835在爱尔兰时一模一样。可是有一天，凯文·汉利2050与一位研究美国衰亡史的来访日本人类学家交上了朋友。那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。勤奋、教育、节俭、纪律能成就一切。“我们就是这样从一百多年前你们打败我们的战争废墟中站起来的。”

“美国在战争中打败日本?”凯文2050问道。他惊讶之极。这听起来就像说巴西在1990年打败美国一样不可思议。凯文2050发誓，如果他有孩子的话，他一定要让他们工作、上学、学习并约束自己。“能凭自己的脑力，而不是靠偷窃为生，”他说，“那将会是个奇迹。” 凯文1990醒了过来，身旁放着他的那本《各国的财富》他打开书，跳入眼帘的第一句话就是：“一个不能恰当运用人类智力的人极可能比懦夫更可鄙。” 凯文的父亲走了进来。“好了，儿子，”他说。“咱们去看耳机吧。” “抱歉了，爸爸，”凯文1990说。“我得看书学习了。”

AppendixⅡ

Chinese Translations of Text B（Units 1-8）参考译文 第一单元

成长

课文B 夏天打工时，作者常常替巴卢先生修剪草坪。惟一的问题是，巴卢先生似乎从来没钱支付工钱。然而，他实际上所给予的却远比工钱珍贵。

夏日阅读

迈克尔·多里斯

十四岁那年，我在暑假里替人修剪草坪挣些钱，不出几个星期，我就有了不少客户。客户们种植的花卉我得记住不能剪去，他们会将东西遗落在草地上或故意插在地里，通过这些我逐渐认识了他们。我对大多数客户了解至深，事先就能知道他们会抱怨些什么，哪些特别的要求不能掉以轻心。（1）而且，我从邻居偏爱的付款方式中了解到了一点他们的情况：有的按干的活儿给钱，有的按月支付——或者有的压根儿不付钱。

$2先生属于最后一类，而且他总有理由。有一天他兑不开一张五十元的钞票，又有一天他支票用完了，还有一天我上门时他干脆就溜出去了。撇开钱这档子事，他倒也还是个挺不错的老头，每次看见我，老远就挥手或脱帽致意。我猜他退休金不多，可能出过工伤，整不了自己的园子。没错，我全都记着帐，可我对这点钱并没太在意。(2)也就是剪剪草，何况$2先生住宅外面的那一点草坪修剪起来花不了多少时间。

到了一年中最热的七月中旬，一天傍晚前，我走过他家，他开了门，示意我进去。门厅里凉凉的，帘子遮去了阳光，过了一会儿我的眼睛才适应室内的暗淡光线。“我欠你工钱，”巴卢先生开口道，“不过……” 我想省得他费神找新的借口了，就说，“没事。别放在心上。”

“银行把我的账弄错了，”他没理我的碴儿，接着说。“一两天里就会改过来。在这当儿，我想你不妨挑——两本书作为我的首付款。”

他朝墙那边指了指，我这才发现到处都堆着书。就跟图书馆一样，只不过没有分门别类罢了。“别着急，”巴卢先生鼓动说。“读也好，借也好，留着也行。找你喜欢的。你平常都爱读什么书啊?”

“我不知道。”我的确不知道。我通常是弄到什么就读什么，从药房里买到的平装书，图书馆里借得到的书、杂志，到麦片包装盒背面的说明，还有连环漫画，什么都看。有意识地找出一本特别的书来读对我是件新鲜事，不过我觉得这主意挺不错——于是我开始在书堆中翻找起来。

“这么多书你都读过啊?”

“这不算多，”巴卢先生说。“这根本不算多，只不过是我自己的藏书，都是值得再读——遍的。”

“那就替我找一本吧。”

他眉一抬，头一侧，望着我，就像是在给我量体裁衣似的。过了片刻，他略—“点头，便在一堆书中搜寻，然后递给我一本暗红色封面的精装本，挺厚的。“《最后的正义》，”我念道。“安德烈·施瓦兹巴特著。是讲什么的?” “你来告诉我，”他说。“下个星期。”

晚饭后我坐在室外一张不舒服的餐椅里打开了书。(3)读了几页，院子就消息了，夏夜也消失了；我一下子就进入了二战期间纳粹对犹太人的大屠杀这一令人悲痛的惨剧中，进入了以一个正派人物为代表的善与恶之间非同寻常的冲突中。书译自法文，译文优美朴素，令人不忍释手。天色终于暗了下来，我回到室内，读了一个通宵。时至三—卜年后的今天，我仍清晰地记得当时的经历。那是我初次有心地接触世界文学，我被一部小说所能包含的集聚的力量深深震撼。但我缺乏足够的词汇表达我的情感，因此，第二个星期，当巴卢先生问我“怎么样”时，我只回答说：“书真好。” “那就留着吧，”他说。“要不要我再介绍一本?”

我点点头，拿到了一本平装本的玛格丽特·米德的《萨摩亚人的成年》。

长话短说，无论当年还是次年，巴卢先生分文未付我替他割草的工钱，但我在达特默思大学教了十五年的人类学。(4)盛夏阅读不是我原先认为的仅仅借以消磨时光的娱乐，不是躺在吊床上无忧无虑、打开书本就什么都忘掉的一种消遣（虽然自从那个夏天以来我曾多次以这种方式自娱自乐）。一本书，如果在恰当的时候，恰当的季节，在日常事务的间歇中出现在你的面前，就会改变你此后的人生道路。

第二单元

友谊

课文B 如果我不能挺住的话，我的朋友就会死在那里，老猎手比尔·麦金托什一次又一次地告诫自己。

决不抛弃朋友

吉姆·赫奇森

“下午去看足球赛吗?”比尔·麦金托什问59岁的罗伊斯·韦丁。他们两人正在澳大利亚的虹镇尤里卡饭店喝啤酒。罗伊斯摇摇头。“我答应我妈给我家的一块地烧荒。”

比尔瘦削而结实，79岁，但看上去远没有那么老。他望着外面的炎热空气。——阵轻风自北向南吹，这条件最适宜烧荒了。不过比尔对罗伊斯独自干这活不放心。这个农夫有条腿不好，行走很费劲。

两人曾一起从一个农场走到另一个农场寻些活儿干，迄今已是30年的好朋友了。如今比尔独自一人住在镇东12英里处，靠打狐狸和野兔勉强过活。他两个星期一次前来小镇购物，会会帮着经管自家的农场的罗伊斯。“我帮你一把，”比尔说。

两人坐着罗伊斯的车动身了。没多一会儿他们就颠簸在一条沙土路上，朝一块面积120公顷、杂草丛生的田地开去。“火是除去这玩意儿的惟一办法，”比尔说。他们用根50英尺长的链条把一个旧轮胎绑在牵引杆上。比尔在轮胎上浇透汽油，划根火柴一点，便跳进车里。两人从农田的南边缓缓开车逆风而行，所过之处留下一条燃着的草带。开到地当中，车猛地朝前——颠，没等察觉，就陷进了一个被草遮着的沙堆。

微风突然转向，朝两人身后吹来，而且越吹越强。火仗风势，烧得炽热，一条火带顿时就变成——道火墙，直扑两人而来。“咱们快离开这儿!”罗伊斯说道。他拼命想把车倒出沙堆。可车轮在软沙里越转陷得越深。

火顿时就扑到两人身上。比尔推开车门，却听得一声巨响，油箱爆炸了，车子飞离地面三英尺，他自己则被抛到空中。车子摔回地面后，罗伊斯发现自己被方向盘卡住，动弹不得。这时，车座和车顶也都烧着了。

篇5：全新版大学英语综合教程1 Unit1~Unit6课后翻译

：Mr.Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on the farm.：We must not underestimate the enemy.They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.：Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.：Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.Unit2：There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.：The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently.：The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Unit3Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.：Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out)that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.：We have the technology and our partner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations.You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.Unit4：Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.：Ilike hiring young people.They are earnest learners and committed to work.：Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4.有一大批同事们和你意见不合，这是怎么回事：Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?

5.中国政府出台了一系列政策以加强同发展中国家的合作：The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.我的直觉是亨利会设法参加这次探险，因为他有一点冒险家的气质：I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.2.即使置身于一个嘈杂的环境中，他也能坚持做手头的工作：He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3.这个商标是依据迄今有效的法律注册的：The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4.奇怪的是，许多人资源帮助组织会议，但是只有少数几人到场：Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up.The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4.可怕的爆炸引起了一场大火，并造成这栋大楼部分坍塌：The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos.2.下滑的市场粉碎了她快速致富的幻想：The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.：Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic.But as he was in no mood for q quarrel not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.：People say that time heals all wounds.But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?

：Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on their first date.：At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, but before long they were out of sight.3.足球队员一下飞机，就见一个车队在等待着他们的到来：The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting for their arrival.4.卡森谴责他的对手用误导的信息来玷污他的人品：Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character.5.亚历克斯将一个塞满钞票的钱包交给了警察。他说他是在跳下校车时在马路边上捡到的：Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes.He said he had found it on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.丙晨工作室制