卡梅伦北大英语演讲

卡梅伦北大英语演讲（精选8篇）

篇1：卡梅伦北大英语演讲

英国首相卡梅伦新年英语演讲稿

It’s a New Year –and for Britain there can only be one New Year’s resolution—to stick tothelong-term plan that is turning our country around.

When we came tooffice, our economy was on its knees.

Three and a halfyears later, we are turning a corner.

We see it in thebusinesses that are opening up, the people who are getting decent jobs,thefactories that are making British goods and selling them to the world again.

The plan isworking.

That’s why thisyear, , we are not just going to stick to the plan – we are goingtoredouble our efforts to deliver every part of it, to benefit the whole countryand secure abetter future for everyone.

We’ll continuewith the vital work on the deficit.

We’ve reduced itby a third already, and this year we will continue that difficult work,tosafeguard our economy for the long-term, to keep mortgage rates low and to helpfamiliesacross Britain.

We’re going tokeep on doing everything possible to help hardworking people feelfinanciallysecure, cutting income taxes and freezing fuel duty.

We’ll keep onworking even harder to create more jobs, whether that’s through investmentinour roads and railways, lower jobs taxes, or more help for Britain’s amazingsmall businesses.

Those who run oursmall businesses are heroes and heroines, they are the backbone of oureconomyand we are supporting them every step of the way.

We are going tokeep on with our vital work on welfare and immigration too.

We’ve alreadycapped welfare and cut immigration, and this year, we’ll carry on buildinganeconomy for people who work hard and play by the rules.

And last but notleast – we’re going to keep on delivering the best schools and skills forourchildren and young people, so that when they leave education they have a realchance to geton in life.

So this is a vitalyear for our economy.

And 2014 is alsoan important date in the history of the United Kingdom.

The referendumvote will be the biggest decision Scotland has ever been asked to make.

The outcomematters to all of us, wherever we live in the UK.

篇2：卡梅伦北大英语演讲

families are coming together, lights are being strungup, the food is going in the oven, diwali is upon usonce again.as the celebrations get underway, from london toleicester, glasgow to gwent, bristol to birmingham,i want to send out my very best wishes to everyonecelebrating the festival of lights.this is a great moment in our national calendar andan opportunity to shine a light on the communitieswho do so much to make britain great.in every walk of life, in every corner of our country, youcan see the immense contribution of hindus, sikhs, jains and buddhists.treating patients inour nhs, teaching children in our schools, building the businesses that boost our economy,keeping our streets safe in the police and armed forces and all the while helping to make britainwhat we are so proud to be: the greatest multi-racial democracy on earth.day in day out, these communities put into practice the very best of british values likegenerosity, responsibility, enterprise, family.nowhere are those values more evident than inpeople’s religious beliefs.i think of the people of neasden mandir or those at gurdwara sahib leamington and warwick,demonstrating every day the devotion and dedication they derive from their faith by helpingothers.i want to thank all of them for their incredible contribution to britain.we are 海量资料分享

better andstronger for it.and to everyone celebrating, let me wish you a happy and peaceful diwali and a prosperousnew year.shubh diwali!

篇3：卡梅伦北大英语演讲

关键词：话语分析,意识形态,认知语境模型

批评话语分析 (Critical Discourse Analysis) 最早源自于20世纪70年代末Fowler等人的《语言与控制》 (Language and Control) 一书, 其源头是批评语言学。自其兴起发展至今, 批评话语分析朝着多元化的趋势方向发展。费尔克劳 (N.Fairclough) (1992) 采用辩证——联系的分析角度, 提出了CDA的三个步骤——描述、阐释、解释, 对CDA的发展做出了巨大贡献, 但其具体的分析仍以Halliday的系统功能语法为支撑, 只注重语言文字特征的描述和解读。沃达克 (Ruth Wodak) 将话语的历史性背景纳入到语篇的分析范围内, 在其《批评话语分析:历史, 议程, 理论和方法论》中详细阐述了CDA的历史——话语分析法, 将语篇置于历史条件下进行分析, 探讨了历史背景对话语生产及理解的影响。此外, 她还与范·戴克 (Van Dijk) 就语言与社会之间的关系进行探讨, 认为此二者并非直接联系的, 认知是语言与社会的中介, 并提出心智模型 (mental model) 这一术语。沃达克与范·戴克从社会——认知的角度出发, 认为个体和社会的认知介于社会与语篇之间。范·戴克在1993年发表的《批评话语分析的原则》一文中提出研究权力与语篇的关系需通过“认知接口”, 并在其文章《话语、语境与认知》中将语境理论纳入CDA的社会认知方法中, 他认为语境是话语参与者对交际情境的主观构建, 是明确的心智模型。

本文从认知语境的角度出发, 以卡梅伦挽回苏格兰的演讲为例, 探讨认知 (也即心智模型) 在语言与社会之间的中介作用以及语境是如何在解释话语, 权力和意识形态关系方面发挥功能的。

一、认知语境模型

随着认知科学的发展, 语言学家越来越注重认知在语言生成及言语理解过程中的主观作用。最早提出语境模型 (context model) 这一概念的是荷兰的批评语言学家范·戴克, 他认为认知心理学中的心智模型 (mental model) 可以解释交际双方在言语交际活动中对语境的主观建构, 从而能够达到更好地理解对方交际意图的效果。而认知语境应用于批评性话语分析正是由于近年来一些批评语言学家发现, “语境不仅包括场景、语域、行为、参与者关系、地位等与交际行为相关的社会因素, 也包括参与者的认知特点, 如目的、信念、知识、意见等”。[1]它不同于传统意义上的包含话语历史、社会、文化背景等的静态的语境, 而是把语境看作一个动态的发展的过程, 强调话语参与者及话语解读者的认知即心智模型在话语的生成和语义的加工中发挥的作用。换言之, “认知语境分析把语境视为语言使用者在交际过程中不断建构的主观体, 研究交际双方作为一定社会组织的成员如何在交际中通过对语境不断实时更新和建构来完成话语的生产与解读”[2]那么, “言语交际行为实施的过程主要是听话人对认知语境假设进行不断选择和调整的过程。”[3]认知语境模型在言语活动中对交际双方如何策略地选择合适的语言以适应当时的情景起到指导的作用。

范·戴克认为, 个人的心智模型和社会的认知密不可分, 在群体意识下个人根据语境做出符合交际情景的分析并指导自己在交际活动中的言语生成和对交际对象言语的理解。在这个过程中, “权力通过共享的社会认知即群体意识和这些认知的心智模型来影响话语的生成和理解”。[4]

本文正是依据范·戴克的语境模型, 以卡梅伦挽回苏格兰的演讲为例分析交际者如何通过认知模型分析语境, 并在此基础上作出能够实现其权力控制符合其交际意图的言语选择的。

二、卡梅伦演讲的认知语境分析

卡梅伦作为英国首相, 除代表个体外还代表着英国政府的形象和利益, 他所演讲的受众对象是整个英国的民众, 而“公众演讲作为政治语篇的一种, 是有效地传达政府意识形态的方式”。因而, 研究卡梅伦如何成功地将认知语境分析与语言策略相结合在演讲中选择合适的语言, 使得民众受到其灌输的意识形态的控制, 以实现其交际的意图具有重要意义。根据范·戴克的语境模型, 语境可分为背景和交际者两大内容。

(一) 背景

时间:2014年9月15日。

苏格兰公投的日期为2014年9月18日, 即此次演讲的时间为公投前的倒数第三天。在卡梅伦的认知中这是最后一次能赢得公众支持的机会, 言辞须能表达迫切之情, 殷切希望之心。因此, 在演讲中“We meet in a week that could change the United Kingdom forever.On Thursday, Scotland votes, and the future of our country is at stake.On Friday, people could be living in a different country, with a different place in the world and a different future ahead of it.”常用到“一周内”“永远”“这周四”“这周五”等词传达公投日期将至, 若听话人投支持票则国家将迅速分裂陷入国将不国的状态的意识形态, 企图引导听话人反对独立。

空间:苏格兰东北部城市阿伯丁 (Aberdeen) 阿伯丁会展中心

此次演讲的地点位于苏格兰的阿伯丁市, 直接面对的就是苏格兰的民众, 因此在代词选择上多用“we”和“you”。选用“we” (我们) 使听话人感到亲切感, 在认知上将说话人和自己放在了同一阵营, 减弱了对说话人的防备心理, 从而更易使说话人的意识形态得以渗透;“you” (你、你们) 的选用使听话人在认知心理上产生对话感, 增强听话人的主人翁意识, 因此更能吸引听话人的注意引发其思考。

(二) 交际者

交际角色:卡梅伦——说话者;

苏格兰民众——听话者;

社会角色、组织成员、身份:卡梅伦——英国首相, 英国政府利益的维护者;

苏格兰民众——英国公民,

公投参与者;

双方的关系:卡梅伦——权力实施者;

苏格兰民众——权力受施者。

共享的社会知识和信念:1.卡梅伦是英国政府的首相;2.苏格兰受英国政府统治;3.2014年9月18日举行苏格兰公投。

意图与目的:卡梅伦——说服苏格兰民众反对苏格兰独立, 支持英国政府的统治。

交际及其他行为/事件:卡梅伦发表演讲。

就交际角色、社会角色和双方关系来说, 卡梅伦作为英国首相首先代表着英国政府的利益, 并且在交际活动中处于权力的支配者, 因此在演讲中常从国家的角度出发“Indeed, it could end the United Kingdom as we know it.The United Kingdom would be no more.It’s only become Great Britain because of the greatness of Scotland.”唤起民众的国家意识和集体意识。就共享的社会认知而言, 苏格兰在公投中取得多数票意味着苏格兰和英国的分离。这一状态在听众的心智模型中同离婚带给人们的痛苦, 故卡梅伦在演讲中运用隐喻“Independence would not be a trial separation;it would be a painful divorce.”将情感具体化, 使民众感同身受, 在心理上倾向于避免这种痛苦的发生。交际的意图通过交际事件实现, 卡梅伦发表这一演讲的意图即将权力通过语言的形式发挥作用, 传达反对苏格兰独立这一意识形态。说话人在演讲过程中所采用的言辞最终都是为其实现他的意图而服务的。

三、结语

本文应用认知语境模型分析卡梅伦的演讲, 即演讲中交际双方从具体情境语境即交际的背景, 交际者的角色、权力关系、交际意图等方面结合个体的心智模型和社会的认知选择能实现自己表达意图的话语, 从而达到意识形态渗透的效果。另外, 从认知的层面对语篇进行批评性话语分析, 揭示了人的主观建构在影响言语的产生和理解过程中的重要作用, 以及语言是如何通过认知传达意识形态的。

参考文献

[1]辛斌.批评话语分析中的认知话语分析[J].外语与外语教学, 2012 (04) .

[2]田海龙.认知取向的批评话语分析:两种路径及其特征[J].外语研究, 2013 (02) .

[3]欧阳苹果, 肖武云.认知语境在话语交际中的作用[J].外语学刊, 2007 (05) .

篇4：卡梅伦在脱欧公投后的演讲

“全球的人民都已经看到了英国做出的决定。

“我想对市场及投资者重申的是，英国的经济基础非常强劲。另外我也向居住在欧洲国家的英国公民以及在英国居住的欧洲公民保证，你们的生活不会立刻发生改变。我们的人民在出行方式上目前不会有任何改变。物品运送、服务提供都将照常展开。

“我始终相信，对于重大决策，我们应该面对而不是回避。这就是为什么我们成立了70年来首个联合政府，带领经济脱离濒危边缘。这就是为什么我们在苏格兰举行了公正、合法、有决定意义的公投。这也是为什么我承诺，与欧盟重新商议英国的地位、开启关于英国与欧盟关系的公投，并实现它们。

“以前我说过，脱离欧盟英国也能继续下去，我们肯定会找到一条出路。”

Speeches at a Glance

你就没经历过这种日子吗？你坐在那，感觉就像便秘。你写了些内容，又讨厌它们，你看看邮件，怀疑自己到底有没有这天分，也许本该去做水管工。你就没有这样的时候吗？

—《权力的游戏》原著作者乔治·马丁和《肖申克的救赎》《闪灵》的原著作者史蒂芬·金在新墨西哥州的阿尔布开克做了一番对话。谈话中，乔治·马丁问了史蒂芬·金上述问题，史蒂芬·金的回答是没有。

中东、亚洲等地都潜藏着风险点，只要决策者出现失误，就可能引发全球性事件。

—摩根士丹利前CEO John Mack日前在接受CNBC采访时表示，当前摆在全球经济发展和金融市场面前的最大风险是地缘政治风险。

奢侈品行业的衰退根本停不下来。

—即将卸任的菲拉格慕CEO Michele Norsa在米兰男装周上说。他说，奢侈品行业必须关注风险管理了。

全球供需局面最近迈向更加均衡的状况，我们预计这个趋势将持续到下半年，到年底，每日供需状况可能达到平衡。

—语出自英国石油公司CEO Bob Dudley。

我与硅谷的人和风投资本领域的人交流过，那些交流让我对科学和机构产生了很大的兴趣，我也发现我能从中获得不少满足。我认为，我在开启总统生涯和建立相关团队方面的技能以及营销创新的技能，将与我在私营领域开展实践所需的技能相差无几。

—美国现任总统奥巴马近日在接受彭博通讯社的采访时透露，卸任之后他可能会进入风险投资领域。

篇5：卡梅伦北大英语演讲

When NATO last met here in the UK in 1990, many would have hoped that its core aim would soon have been fulfilled. After the long years of the Cold War, the vision of a Europe whole, free and at peace seemed within our grasp. Yet today the protection and security that NATO provides is as vital to our future as it has ever been in our past.

We face new and evolving dangers. To the East, Russia is ripping up the rulebook with itsannexation of Crimea and its troops on sovereign soil in Ukraine. To the South, an arc ofinstability bends from North Africa to the Middle East.

Last night we discussed the threat posed by ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) in Iraqand Syria.

So our message is clear. We are united in our condemnation of these barbaric and despicableacts. They should be very clear, these terrorists: their threats will only harden our resolve tostand up for our values and to defeat them.

To do so - and to deal with all the threats we face - our great alliance must now evolve andrefocus on the new capabilities that we need to keep our people safe. And I hope that in thesesessions today we can agree the changes that are needed. For me there are 3.

First, as Russia tramples illegally over Ukraine we must reassure our Eastern Europeanmembers that we will always uphold our Article 5 commitments to collective self-defence. Sowe must be able to act more swiftly.

In , NATO stood down its high readiness force. So I hope we can agree a multi-nationalspearhead force deployable anywhere in the world in just 2 to 5 days.

This would be part of a reformed NATO Response Force with Headquarters in Poland, forwardunits in the Eastern Allies, and pre-positioned equipment and infrastructure to allow moreexercises and if necessary rapid reinforcement. If we can agree this, the UK will contribute3,500 personnel to this multi-national force. And we must scale up our readiness to respondto any threat they face.

Second, as the Secretary General has said, we must increase our capacity. I hope today we canreaffirm our public commitment to spend 2% of our GDP on defence and 20% of that moneyon equipment. This would send a strong message to those who threaten us, that ourcollective resolve is as strong as ever.

This issue of equipment is as important as the overall amount of money. What matters mostof all is what are we able to do, what are we able to deploy, what enables us to respondrapidly and together collectively to the threats we face? Those are the questions we mustanswer with our increases in capability.

Third, we must extend our partnerships and build a more effective security network thatfosters stability around the world.

To do this NATO must become not just an organisation that has capability but an exporter ofcapability. I hope we can agree to use our expertise to provide training and mentoring offorces in Jordan and Georgia. And also in Iraq when the new Government has beenestablished.

篇6：卡梅伦北大英语演讲

I want to send my best wishes to everyone in Britain and around the world marking Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

These High Holy Days give us a chance to look back – and to look forward. To look back at theimmense contribution Jews make in Britain: excelling in every field, contributing in everycommunity, and living by those values – of decency, tolerance, hard work and responsibility– that are so central to the Jewish faith and to British life.

And they give us a chance to look forward to a future free from conflict and prejudice. Thatmeans lasting peace in the Middle East – a future where families don’t live in fear of rocketattacks. And it means wiping out prejudice in this country, because we will not tolerate anti-Semitism in Britain. No disagreements on politics or policy can ever justify racism orextremism in any form. As long as I’m Prime Minister, we will do everything we can to tacklethis, and to ensure we learn the lessons of the past, as the Holocaust Commission, led by MickDavies, is doing so effectively.

Around the world, Britain stands for diversity and cohesiveness. When mosques came underattack who helped defend them? British Jews. When a synagogue was under threat fromclosure, who helped save it? British Muslims. This says a lot about who we are in this country –and it’s something we can celebrate and build upon.

篇7：北大自主招生英语演讲稿

Principals Recommending Students to PKU

Hello, everyone.It’s an honor for me to make a speech here.Today my topic is about Principals Recommending Students to PKU.As we all know that there are many problems in our education.To solve the unfairness of education and make more unusual talent to enter universities, the PKU puts forward Principals Recommending Students to PKU.It has been brought into focus.Every coin has two sides.Different people have different opinions about it.Some people are for it.They suppose no garden is without weed.Students who can’t get high marks may have great talent in a certain field.If they get high quality education, they may become writer, physicist and so on.The reform gives these students a chance to make their life shine with brilliance.While some are against it.Put the reform in the spotlight, we suspect whether unusual talent will be recommended.Maybe the reform can’t reach its goal and we can’t distinguish who is the right person.In the end, it may become the new round of trade power for money.We admit that the reform is not perfect.But the steps of reform can’t stop.The problems arising in the reform could be solved by reform itself.Principals Recommending Students to PKU is just an

attempt, we would gradually find the right route for the domestic situation.To such an extent, the recommendation system would be all right.

篇8：卡梅伦演讲稿免费

PM’s speech at Beida University, China

A transcript of speech given by the Prime Minister at the Beida University in China on 9 November 2010.Introduction

Twenty five years ago I came to Hong Kong as a student.The year was 1985.Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher had recently signed the historic Joint Declaration.The remarkable story of the successful handover of Hong Kong and the great progress Hong Kong has continued to make is an example to the world of what can be achieved when two countries cooperate in confidence and with mutual respect.Since then, China has changed almost beyond recognition.China’s National Anthem famously calls on the people of China to stand up

Qi lai qi lai(stand up, stand up)

Today the Chinese people are not just standing up in their own country, they are standing up in the world.No longer can people talk about the global economy without including the country that has grown on average ten per cent a year for three decades.No longer can we talk about trade without the country that is now the world’s largest exporter and third largest importer

And no longer can we debate energy security or climate change without the country that is one of the world’s biggest consumer of energy.China is on course to reclaim, later this century, its position as the world’s biggest economy the position it has held for 18 of the last 20 centuries.and an achievement of which the Chinese people are justly proud.Put simply: China has re-emerged as a great global power.Threat or Opportunity

Now people can react to this in one of two ways.They can see China’s rise as a threat

or they can see it as an opportunity.They can protect their markets from China

or open their markets to China.They can try and shut China out

or welcome China in, to a new place at the top table of global affairs.There has been a change of Government in Britain and a change of Prime Minister.But on this vital point there is absolute continuity between my government and the Governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.We want a strong relationship with China.Strong on trade.Strong on investment.Strong on dialogue.I made that clear as Leader of the Opposition when I visited Beijing and Chongqing three years ago.And I repeat it as Prime Minister here in China’s capital today.In the argument about how to react to the rise of China.I say it’s an opportunity.I choose engagement not disengagement.Dialogue not stand-off.Mutual benefit, not zero-sum game.Partnership not protectionism.Britain is the country that argues most passionately for globalisation and free trade.Free trade is in our DNA.And we want trade with China.As much of it as we can get.That’s why I have with me on this visit one of the biggest and most high-powered delegations a British Prime Minister has ever led to China.Just think about some of the prizes that the rise of China could help to bring within our grasp.Strong, and sustainable growth for the global economy.Vital progress on the Doha trade round which could add $170 billion to the global economy.A real chance to get back on track towards a legally binding deal on emissions

Unprecedented progress in tackling poverty.China has lifted 500 million people out of poverty in just thirty years.Although there is still a long way to go – that’s more people lifted out of poverty than at any time in human history.You can see the results right across this enormous country.When I worked in Hong Kong briefly in 1985, Shenzhen was barely more than a small town, surrounded by paddy fields and waterways.Today it is a city larger than London.It makes most of the world’s iPods and one in ten of its mobile phones.And there are other benefits too in tackling the world’s most intractable problems.I welcome the fact, for example, that more than 900 Chinese doctors now work in African countries and that in Uganda it is a Chinese pharmaceutical firm that is introducing a new anti-malarial drug.So I want to make the positive case for the world to see China’s rise as an opportunity not a threat.But China needs to help us to make that argument to demonstrate that as your economy grows, so do our shared interests, and our shared responsibilities.We share an interest in China’s integration into the world economy, which is essential for China’s development.If we are to maintain Europe’s openness to China, we must be able to show that China is open to Europe.So we share an interest in an international system governed by rules and norms.We share an interest in effective cooperative governance, including for the world economy.We share an interest in fighting protectionism and in a co-ordinated rebalancing between surplus and deficit countries.These interests, those responsibilities are both economic and political.Let me take each in turn.1)Economic Responsibilities

First, economic responsibilities.Let’s get straight to the point.The world economy has begun to grow again after the crisis.But that growth is very uneven.Led by China, Asia and other emerging markets are growing quickly.But in much of the advanced world growth is slow and fragile and unemployment stubbornly high.We should not be surprised at this.The crisis has damaged many advanced economies and weakened their financial sectors.They face major structural and fiscal adjustments to rebalance their economies.This is true of my own country.We know what steps we need to take to restore the public finances and rebalance our economy towards greater saving and investment and greater exports.And we have begun to take them.But for the world economy to be able to grow strongly again – and to grow without creating the dangerous economic and financial instabilities that led to the crisis, we need more than just adjustment in the advanced world.The truth is that some countries with current account surpluses have been saving too much while others like mine with deficits have been saving too little.And the result has been a dangerous tidal wave of money going from one side of the globe to the other.We need a more balanced pattern of global demand and supply, a more balanced pattern of global saving and investment.Now sometimes when you hear people talk about economic imbalances, it can seem as though countries that are successful at exporting are being blamed for their success.That’s absolutely not the case.We all share an interest and a responsibility to co-operate to secure strong and balanced global growth.There is no greater illustration of this than what happened to China as the western banking system collapsed.Chinese exports fell 12 per cent

growth dropped to its lowest point in more than a decade

and some 20 million jobs were lost in the Chinese export sector.Changes in the structure of our economies will take time

What is important is that the major economies of the world have a shared vision of the path of this change: what actions countries should avoid;what actions countries need to take and, crucially, over what period it should happen.This is why the G20 – and the meeting in Seoul – is so important.Together we can agree a common approach.We can commit to the necessary actions.We can agree that we will hold each other to account.And just as China played a leading role at the G20 in helping to avert a global depression

so it can lead now.I know from my discussions with Premier Wen how committed China is to actions to rebalance its economy.China is already talking about moving towards increased domestic consumption

Better healthcare and welfare

More consumer goods as its middle class grows and in time introducing greater market flexibility into its exchange rate.This can not be completed overnight but it must happen.Let’s be clear about the risks if it does not about what is at stake for China and for the UK – countries that depend on an open global economy.At the worst point of the crisis, we averted protectionism.But at a time of slow growth and high unemployment in many countries those pressures will rise again

Already you can see them.Countries will increasingly be tempted to try to maximise their own growth and their own employment, at the expense of others.Globalisation – the force that has been so powerful in driving development and bringing huge numbers into the world economy could go into reverse.If we follow that path we will all lose out.The West would lose for sure.But so too would China.For the last two decades, trade has been a very positive factor in China’s re-emergence on the world stage.It has driven amazing growth and raised the living standards of millions.Trade has helped stitch back China’s network of relations with countries across the world.We need to make sure that it does not turn into a negative factor.Just as the West wants greater access to Chinese markets so China wants greater access to Western markets and it wants market economy status in the EU too.I had very constructive talks with Premier Wen on exactly this issue yesterday.I will make the case for China to get market economy status in the EU,but China needs to help, by showing that it is committed to becoming more open, as it becomes more prosperous.And we need to work together to do more to protect intellectual property rights because this will give more businesses confidence to come and invest in China.UK companies are uniquely placed to support China’s demand for more high value goods for its consumers

Our Pavilion at the World Expo in Shanghai – which won the Gold Award for the best Pavilion design – was a showcase for so many of Britain’s strengths from advanced engineering to education…

From great brands to great pharmaceutical businesses

From low carbon to financial services to the creative industries.In all these areas and many more, British companies and British exports can help China deliver the prosperity and progress it seeks.We can be part of China’s development strategy, just as China is part of ours.A true partnership of growth.In recent days, Britain has won new business worth billions of pounds involving companies across the UK and cities all over China.including a deal between Rolls Royce and China Eastern Airlines for 16 Airbus 330 aeroengines worth £750 million and inward investments worth in excess of £300 million

This is all in addition to at least £3bn of business which British companies have secured as part of the Airbus contract concluded with China last week

and a further £2 billion of investments by Tesco to develop new shopping malls over the next five years.And with nearly 50 of Britain’s most influential culture, education and business leaders joining me on this visit

I hope these deals can be just the beginning of a whole new era of bilateral trade between our countries.Achieving this would be a real win-win for our two countries.So if China is prepared to pursue further opening of its markets

and to work with Britain and the other G20 countries to rebalance the world economy and take steps over time towards internationalising its currency

that will go a long way towards helping the global economy lock in the stability it needs for strong and sustainable growth.And just as importantly, it will go a long way in securing confidence in the global community that China as an economic power is a force for good.2）Political Responsibilities

But China does not just have new economic power.It has new political power.And that brings new political responsibilities too.What China says – and what China does – really matters.There is barely a global issue that needs resolution, which does not beg the questions: what does China think, and how can China contribute to a solution?

China has attempted to avoid entanglement in global affairs in the past.But China’s size and global reach means that this is no longer a realistic choice.Whether it’s climate change or development, health and education or global security, China is too big and too important now not to play its part.On climate change, an international deal has to be fair.And that means that countries with different histories can’t all be expected to contribute in exactly the same way.But a fair deal also means that all countries contribute and all are part of an agreement.And there’s actually a huge opportunity here for China.Because China can really profit from having some of the most efficient green energy in the world.On international security, great powers have a bigger interest than anyone in preserving stability.Take development for example, China is one of the fastest growing investors in Africa

with a vital influence over whether Africa can become a new source of growth for the world economy

We want to work together to ensure that the money we spend in Africa is not supporting corrupt and intolerant regimes.And the meeting of the UN Security Council which the British Foreign Secretary will chair later this month provides a good opportunity to step up our co-operation on Sudan.As China’s star rises again in the world, so does its stake in a stable and ordered world, in which trade flows freely.Today, China is the world’s second biggest importer of oil, and Sudan is one of your most important suppliers.So China has a direct national interest in working for stability in Sudan.And four fifths of your oil imports pass through the Malacca Straits.So like Britain and the other big trading nations, you depend on open sea lanes.And like us, your stability and prosperity depends in part on the stability and prosperity of others.Whether it’s nuclear proliferation, a global economic crisis or the rise of international terrorism, today’s threats to our security do not respect geographical boundaries.The proliferation of nuclear material endangers lives in Nanjing as well as New York.China is playing an active role in helping to prevent conflagration over North Korea.We have been working with China in the UN Security Council to keep up the pressure on Iran

and China’s continuing role here is vital if we are to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon.In your own region, I believe China can work with us to improve the situation for the Burmese people.And China is one of the few countries that Burma will listen to on this point.But political responsibilities are not just about how one country interacts with another

those responsibilities also apply to the way a country empowers its own people

Political Perspectives

It is undeniable that greater economic freedom has contributed to China’s growing economic strength.As China’s economy generates higher living standards and more choice for Chinese people, there is inevitably debate within China about the relationship between greater economic freedom and greater political freedom.I recognise that we approach these issues with different perspectives.I understand too that being in government is a huge challenge.I’m finding that running a country of 60 million people.So I can only begin to imagine what it is like leading a country of 1.3 billion.I realise this presents challenges of a different order of magnitude.When I came here last I was Britain’s Leader of the Opposition.Now we’ve had a General Election.It produced a Coalition Government, which combines two different political parties – the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats – with different histories and political philosophies, working together for the good of our country.The Labour Party is now the official Opposition, with a constitutional duty to hold the new Government publicly to account.Indeed if I were not in Beijing this Wednesday afternoon, I would be preparing for my weekly session of Prime Minister’s questions in the House of Commons, where MPs question me freely about the whole range of government policy.All the time the government is subject to the rule of law.These are constraints on the government, and at times they can be frustrating when the Courts take a view with which the government differs

but ultimately we believe that they make our government better and our country stronger.Through the media, the public get to hear directly from people who hold different views from the government.That can be difficult at times, too.But we believe that the better informed the British public is about the issues affecting our society

the easier it is, ultimately, for the British government to come to sensible decisions and to develop robust policies that command the confidence of our people.I make these observations not because I believe that we have some moral superiority.Our own society is not perfect.There is still injustice which we must work hard to tackle.We are far from immune from poverty and the ills that afflict every nation on earth.But in arguing for a strong relationship between our countries, I want a relationship in which we can be open with each other, in which we can have constructive dialogue of give and take in a spirit of tolerance and mutual respect.The rise in economic freedom in China in recent years has been hugely beneficial to China and to the world.I hope that in time this will lead to a greater political opening

because I am convinced that the best guarantor of prosperity and stability is for economic and political progress to go in step together.In some respects it already has.Ordinary Chinese people today have more freedom over where they live

what job they do

and where they travel

than ever before.People blog and text more.It’s right to recognise this progress.But it’s right also that Britain should be open with China on issues where, no doubt partly because of our different history and culture, we continue to take a different view.There is no secret that we disagree on some issues, especially around human rights.We don’t raise these issues to make to us look good, or to flaunt publicly that we have done so.We raise them because the British people expect us to, and because we have sincere and deeply held concerns.And I am pleased that we have agreed the next human rights dialogue between our two governments for January.Because in the end, being able to talk through these issues – however difficult – makes our relationship stronger.Conclusion

So let me finish where I began.China’s success – and continued success – is good for Britain and good for the world.It’s not in our national interests for China to stumble

or for the Chinese economy to suffer a reverse.We have to make the case.and I hope China will help us make the case.that as China gets richer, it does not follow that the rest of the world will get poorer.It is simply not true that as China rises again in the world, others must necessarily decline.Globalisation is not a zero sum game.If we manage things properly, if we win the arguments for free trade, if we find a way to better regulation, we can both grow together.But if we don’t, we will both suffer.I referred earlier to Britain’s Pavilion at the Shanghai Expo, “the Dandelion”

We are extremely proud that it won a coveted prize, and that it proved so popular with Chinese visitors.It is, in its way, a symbol of the strength and the potential in our relationship.Two different countries, past and future Olympic hosts, on far sides of the world, sowing the seeds of a flourishing relationship in the future, a relationship which has the potential to grow and to bloom.Proof, perhaps, that Confucius was right when he said.“within the four seas all men are brothers”