英语四级作文常用句式

英语四级作文常用句式（精选6篇）

篇1：英语四级作文常用句式

英语作文常用句式

1.表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this.2）The reasons for this are as follows.3）The reason for this is obvious.4）The reason for this is not far to seek.5）The reason for this is that„„

6）We have good reason to believe that„„

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2.表示好处

1）It has the following advantages.2）It does us a lot of good.3）It benefits us quite a lot.4）It is beneficial to us.5）It is of great benefit to us.例如：

Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.2）It does us much harm.3）It is harmful to us.例如：

However, everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth.2）We think it necessary to do sth.3）It plays an important role in our life.Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found in every home, too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.5.表示措施

1）We should take some effective measures.2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties.3）We should do our utmost in doing sth.4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.6.表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.7.表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that„„ 2）No one can deny the fact that„„ 3）There is no denying the fact that„„

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5）However, that’s not the case.We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.8.表示比较

1）Compared with A，B„„

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3）There is a striking contrast between them.Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.9.表示数量

1）It has increased（decreased）from„„to„„

2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000.3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.From the graph listed above, it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.10.表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.2）People have different opinions on this problem.3）People take different views of（on）the question.4）Some people believe that„„Others argue that„„

People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.11.表示结论

1）In short，it can be said that „„

2）It may be briefly summed up as follows.3）From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that „„ 例如： From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved.12.套语

1）It’s well known to us that „„ 2）As is known to us, „„

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about.4）From the graph（table, chart）listed above, it can be seen that „„ 5）As a proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower”.As college students, we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.图表类作文常用句式

The table shows(indicates)that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad.As we can see from the graph, the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003.„ From the table we can find out that only 35% of the people have taken in physical activities.„The number of...is equal to that of...It doubled the number of last year.It is clear from the chart that as incomes increase people can afford to live more comfortably and eat well.图表作文模板

 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), _作文题目的议题_has been on rise(goes up/increases/drops/decreases, significantly/dramatically/ steadily rising/decreasing)from_％ in _年_ to _％ in _年_.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that __现象总结___.There are at least two good reasons accounting for __.On the one hand, ____.On the other hand, ___ is due to the fact that __.In addition, __ is responsible for ___.(Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.)As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.再加上对策、口号。（It’s high time that + 一般过去时）

英语写作模板

模板一：直陈观点，以例佐证

观点：More haste, less speed.Before moving to the next step, one needs a practical consideration on what he has already achieved.（欲速则不达）

From my point of view, we should do everything step by step.One often fails without good preparation. Take English study for example.Just as Rome was not built in one day, it takes one year’s practice to have a good command of the language.If we do not learn from spelling correct words and writing acceptable sentences, we are never able to write a good composition.And without practicing oral English a lot, we can never speak English fluently.If we don’t read and listen a lot and do a lot of efficient exercises, we can not pass English tests. In short, we should have a good foundation if we want to make great achievements in our studies and work or in other things as well.模板二：呈现看法，分说原由

观点：Honesty is the best policy.（诚实为上）

It is true that most of us value honesty highly.Personally I agree that honesty is the best policy. As we know, if one is honest, other people will deeply respect him or her, and are willing to make friends with him or her.In addition, being honest can make people’s life easier and more harmonious.There are a lot of examples to support the argument.For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest.For another example, Singapore is a trustworthy society and has a very low criminal rate. There is no doubt that being honest is of benefit to both the state and the individual.We should have the spirit of honesty.模板三：先抑后扬，肯定观点

现象：Should the students have the sense of competition?（是否应该培养学生的竞争意识） There are two opposite opinions about competition.Some people think little of it, believing it will do harm to the relationship between people.Besides, some people don’t want to try hard to succeed so that they can find an excuse of their failure. From my point of view, we should try to encourage students to have the sense of competition because there exists great competition in our modern world.Having the sense of it will certainly be important for students to develop after they leave school. However, we should guide our students to have a correct sense of it, getting them to know that they only have opponents but not enemies.We should also teach our students not to be afraid of failure because everyone may meet it more or less.Instead, try to face to and overcome it.模板四：先扬后抑，否定观点

现象：Can “lucky numbers” bring good luck?（吉祥数字能带来好运吗？）

 In the eyes of some people, lucky numbers can bring them good luck.They think so highly of lucky numbers that they even spend a lot of money to buy lucky numbers. Many other people hold different ideas about lucky numbers.They think there are no lucky numbers at all.Numbers and luck are two different things. So far as I’m concerned, I agree with the latter.Obviously, such belief is only a kind of superstition.Perhaps it holds true for some cases, but often it does not.Numbers can never bring good luck to a person at all and our luck is in our own hands. Therefore, everyone can have good luck only if he tries his best.Let’s always remember “Opportunities are only for the prepared mind” and “No pains, no gains”.模板五：确定主题，分步解说

 主题：Reduce waste on campus（减少校园浪费）

 It is certain that the problem of waste is becoming more and more serious on campus and it’s time for us to reduce it.For one reason, we have already wasted a lot of precious resources such as water and electricity.For another, our waste adds our parents and the society a burden.However, some are still puzzled how to reduce waste on campus.Here are some suggestions. To begin with, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible.Secondly, we should not spend too much money.Thirdly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes or dishes. Actually, there are different solutions according to different situations.Therefore, I firmly believe that we can reduce the waste on campus with our efforts. 模板六：名谚开篇，烘托观点

 观点：Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母）

 People often say, “Failure is the mother of success.” There is hardly any success won without failure.A painter may throw many unsuccessful drawings before he finally makes a satisfactory one.A doctor may try many times before he finds the effective treatment for a strange disease.A scientist may make hundreds of experiments before he obtains the data he needs.In other words, the painter, the doctor and the scientist have failed time and again before they succeed in the end. From the above examples, we can conclude that failures are very common.We can get some helpful experiences from them and learn little by little what is the right way to our goal.It seems that failures are the steps in the mountain paths leading up to the peak where success lies.You have to climb the steps in order to reach the top. We should all take a positive attitude to failures and keep on working hard so as to meet with the final success in our studies and careers. 模板七：实证调研，数据为先

 现象：Cell phones in China（手机在中国）

 As a survey shows, cell phones are becoming more and more popular in China.In 2001, the number of cell phones was 85,260,000;in 2002, the number was 180,000,000;in 2003, 206,600,000;in 2004, 269,000,000;while in 2005, the number went up to 315,000,000.From these numbers, we can see the increasing use of cell phones. There are many reasons for this development.Firstly, cell phones are very convenient to be carried everywhere.Secondly, cell phones can make us get news, play games, listen to music and chat through sending short messages.Thirdly, the drop of price, including the phone price and the communication price, has made it possible for an average person to buy one and make more use of it.模板八： 正反观点，各圆己见

 话题：Wealth or health, which is more important?（金钱与健康哪一个更重要?）

 Some think that wealth means everything.In their eyes, they can have everything done with enough money.Some of them take risky chances to make money only with the result that they get neither wealth nor health. Actually, health is more important than wealth.Health is the foundation of one’s success If one gets sick, it is nearly impossible for him to do his work well.On the other hand, a person suffering from illness, in fact, cannot get any wealth: for one thing, I order to cure his illness, he has to spend a lot of money on the medical treatment;for another, if he is ill, he can never truly enjoy his wealth. So, if you want to become wealthy, keep good health.Health is the source of energy and it’s the starting point where everything begins.Therefore, you should exercise every day with proper diet, forming good living habits and trying to avoid any minor disease.

篇2：英语四级作文常用句式

Some are in favor of…..They say…..However, others are against this idea, saying….In my opinion,…..(各抒己见类)

It’s necessary to do sth..On one hand,….;on the other hand…..As students, I think(hold the view)that….(优缺点对比类)

Some agree.They hold the idea that…..But the disadvantage is that…..;others choose to do…..What’s more,……

But there are disadvantages.…..From my point of view, I agree with the second view.常用于发表观点和看法的问题

⑴There is no doubt that…

⑵In general/Generally speaking

⑶The chief reason why ______is that________

⑷It’s reported that

⑸It’s hoped /believed that___

⑹As is know,___

⑺We must recognize that______(=It must be admitted that……)

⑻We have reason to believe that_____

⑼Every coin has two sides

⑽No one can deny the fact that _______

⑾I’m convinced that______

⑿As I’ve just mentioned,⒀Hardly do I think it possible to get success without cooperation and competition.说明文开头语

⑴With the development of agriculture and industry / science and technology/population, ______

⑵With the rapid growth of our economy,……

⑶With the reform and open policy being carried out,…..(4)As a proverb says,….(=As the saying goes,……)

(5)It’s quite clear（obvious）that___

(6)It’s well known that______

As is known to us,______________

What’s known to us is that……..(7)In recent years, more and more people begin to …...结束语：

⑴In a word ,All in all , in short

⑵From the above we can draw a conclusion that____

⑶So there is no doubt that ____

⑷It goes without saying that __________

⑸Personally/in my opinion,记叙文表达顺序:

Who, what, when, where, how, why

Remember:图表中对比议论文常用词组或句子:Opinions are divided.However,…On the contrary相反

Some students think otherwise

时间比例:

Sb.put 2 hours into doing ….Doing sth.takes up 2 hours…hours go into doing sth.hours are taken up with doing sth.百分比表达:

50% of the students prefer to watch TV.Another 20% are fond of doing sports

Still others are interested in helping with the housework

The rest of 5% of them= the remaining 5% are in favor of doing sth.Else

The people who drive made up 34% of the total.The number of the people drive to work takes up 34%.Most of the people drive to work, which takes up 34%.表上升: the number of mobile-phones is rising/ increasing/ going up/ on the rise

is jumping to 70% /has increased by 20%

表下降: the number of the private cars is reducing/ decreasing/ declining/ on the fall.表目的: in order to get there on time= so as to do…/= in an attempt to do sth..=with the purpose of doing sth./ =in the hope of doing sth.常用插入语:

To begin with, to tell the truth, In general/Generally speaking

表举例:

For example/ For instance/Take sth./sb.for example.That is to say,…../ in other words,开放作文第一段开头句:

In the picture we can see,…

As we can see in the picture,….(=As is shown in the picture,….)

开放作文第二段开头句:

This picture has profound significance in our daily life ,which indicates a tendency that____.The picture tries to tell us that….The picture tries to convey to us the significance of protecting our environment.The picture vividly shows the seriousness of the traffic problem.The picture vividly reflects a common social phenomenon.It reminds me of a common phenomenon in ….I think a lot can be learned from the picture.The picture conveys a message that the success of a project depends on each individual step.开放作文第三段开头句:

In my opinion,…From my point of view…….As for me,…..教育与学习

1.global communication.2.3.to learn foreign languages which can advance the development of culture communication,4.5.6.homework and high expectation.7.8.As we all know, we have 9.practical approach and hit the target eventually.10.It’s no accident that quite a few people achieve their goals and stand apart from

the rest, their success lies in their perseverance and diligence.11.We should have a high aim in life.12.Too much complaint can not make any difference, positive energy and high aspiration lead to excellence.13.It’s necessary for us to perform advantage and avoid shortcoming.…can enrich our knowledge and broaden(widen)our horizon

15.As far as I know/I’m concerned/As I see it/From my point of view

16.I absolutely agree that/I’m firmly believed that/I’m concerned that, studying is not a task completed for teachers or parents, it should be regarded as a treasure(which brings us precious experience and useful knowledge)contributing to a better command/knowledge/master of certain subjects.16.We should seize every opportunity to accumulate the useful knowledge contributing to our success in the future.竞争与合作

1.’t imagine how world will be turned into.2.3.4.5.It’manage to inspire me and decrease the loads on my shoulders.6.It’exam and get rid of the difficulties easily, without which I would have failed many times.7.The misunderstanding has existed for a long time until I meaningful activity.8.It’s our duty to help the parents return for their lives.环境与健康

student will be healthy enough to get rid of the disease.being polluted.3.We the environment and attach the importance to the conservation.….life.成功与失败

1.Talent may determine whether we can succeed, but great efforts which we make help us win.2.of the most essential competence which we call for.3.personal development.4.Shortcoming can’

关爱老人与和谐社会

Feel lonely due to the fact that------

Devote all their energy to bringing us up(children’s growth)

With no child around(by their side, accompanying them), they suffer a lot from loneliness.bring up sb.with difficulty

shown concern for sb.feel relieved

do sth.for them as a reward of their love

reward your parents, pay back their love

be filled with both pride and a sense of loss

live in harmony with society

篇3：高考英语作文句式如何妙笔生花

一、寻找简单句之间的联系, 做到向复合句式的转化

1.He came to a river.He found a board.The board said, “No swimming here!”

分析:他在river旁边发现的board, 后两个句子之间的联系是board.故转化:He came to a river where he found a board saying...

2.One day, Lee was on the way home after school and cam across a river.

可化为:One day, Lee...school coming across a river.

3.The research is so designed that once it is begun nothing can be done to change it.

可变为:The research is so designed that once begun nothing...

二、重复会让句子黯然失色, 要注意学会避免重复

1. 要让学生学会同义词或具有相同作用的不同结构的转换

He happened to come near a river, near which there stood a board, which read:“No swimming here!”

分析:near和从句重复。可变为:He...river, where stood a board saying...

2. 在不影响意思表达的前提下, 删除一些词或短语

In my opinion, I think we should get there as quickly as possible.

分析:意思重复。可变为:I think we should get there as quickly as possible.

三、复杂结构绝不等于繁琐, 学会化繁琐为简洁

1.But Xiaoping was eager to make himself cool, so he changed the board into...

改为:Eager to make himself cool...

2.Xiaoping thought it was a good place to swim in, so he replaced the slogan.

改为:Thinking it a good place to swim in...

3.When he arrived at the river, he found a notice saying...

改为:Arriving at the river...

篇4：文言常用句式例析

一、判断句

判断句是对事物的性质、情况、事物之间的关系做出肯定或否定判断的句子。文言文判断句最显著的特点就是基本上不用判断词“是”来表示，而往往让名词或名词性短语直接充当谓语，对主语进行判断，文言中常用以下几种形式表示判断：

1、......者，......也

这是文言判断句最常见的形式。主语后用“者”，表示提顿，有舒缓语气的作用，谓语后用“也”结句，对主语加以肯定的判断或解说。例如：

陈涉者，阳城人也。（《史记·陈涉世家》）

廉颇者，赵之良将也。（《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》）

师者，所以传道受业解惑也。(韩愈《师说》)

2、......，......也

判断句中，有时“者”和“也”不一定同时出现，一般省略“者”，只用“也”表判断。例如：

操虽托名汉相，其实汉贼也。（司马光《资治通鉴·赤壁之战》）

道之所存，师之所存也。（韩愈《师说》）

项脊轩，旧南阁子也。(归有光《项脊轩志》)

夫战，勇气也。(《左传·曹判论战》)

3、......者，......

有的判断句，只在主语后用“者”表示提顿，这种情况不常见。例如：

四人者，庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父，安上纯父。（王安石《游褒禅山记》）

4、......者也

在句末连用语气词“者也”，表示加强肯定语气，这时的“者”不表示提顿，只起称代作用。这种判断句，在文言文中也比较常见。例如：

城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。（《战国策·齐策》）

莲，花之君子者也。(周敦颐《爱莲说》)

5、在文言文中有时为了加强判断的语气，往往在动词谓语前加副词“乃”“则”“即”“皆”“耳”等表判断

这种形式也较为多见。例如：

当立者乃公子扶苏。(司马迁《陈涉世家》)

此则岳阳楼之大观也。(范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)

即今之偶然在墓者也。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)

夫六国与秦皆诸侯。(苏洵《六国论》)

此亡秦之续耳。（司马迁《鸿门宴》）

6、用“是”表判断

古代汉语中有时用“是”表判断。例如：

问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。(陶渊明《桃花源记》)

巨是凡人，偏在远郡，行将为人所并。(司马光《赤壁之战》)

石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也。(苏轼《石钟山记》)

需要注意的是，判断句中谓语前出现的“是”一般都不是判断词，而是指示代词，作判断句的主语，而有些判断句中的“是”也并非都不表示判断，“是”在先秦古汉语中很少作判断词，在汉以后作判断词则多起来。还有，肯定判断谓语前加的副词和否定判断谓语前加的否定副词“非”，都不是判断词。还要注意和用作代词的“是“的区别。

7、用“为”表判断

古代汉语中有时用“为”表判断。例如：

故今之墓中全乎为五人也。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)

如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉，何辞为? (司马迁《鸿门宴》)

8、无标志判断句

文言文中的判断句有的没有任何标志，既不用判断词，也不用语气词，直接由名词对名词，通过语意直接表示判断。例如：

刘备天下枭雄。（司马光《资治通鉴·赤壁之战》）

刘豫州王室之胃。(同上)

9、用否定副词“非”“未”“弗”“无”“莫”等表示否定的判断 例如：

六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦(苏洵《六国论》)

衣食所安，弗敢专也。（《左传·曹判论战》）

蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。（荀子《劝学》）

愿早定大计，莫用众人之议。（司马光《资治通鉴·赤壁之战》）

二、疑问句

文言中的疑问句，一般要用疑问代词(谁、何、易、胡、安、孰、焉等)或疑问语气词(乎、欤、耶、哉等)提出问题。

1、用疑问代词的 例如：

谁为哀者？ (张溥《五人墓碑记》)

独五人之激檄，何也？ (同上)

蹈死不顾，亦曷故哉？(同上)

沛公曰：“君安与项伯有故？“(司马迁《鸿门宴》)

人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？ (韩愈《师说》)

且焉置土石？ (《列子·愚公移山》)

2、用疑问语气词的 例如：

壮士，能复饮乎？ (司马迁《鸿门宴》)

学而时习之，不亦说乎？ (《论语·学而》)

四海之大，有几人欤？ (张溥《五人墓碑记》)

六国互丧，率赂秦耶？(苏沟《六国论》)

三、被动句

所谓被动，是指主语与位于之间的关系是被动关系，也就是说，主语是位于动词所表示的行为的被动者、受害者，而不是主动者、实施者。文言文中，被动句的主语是谓语动词所表示的行为被动者、受事者，而不是主动者、施事者。在古汉语中，在古汉语中，被动句主要有两大类型：一是有标志的被动句，即借助一些被动词来表示，二是无标志的被动句，又叫意念被动句。

（一）有标志的被动句，大体有以下几种形式

1、用介词“于”“受……于……”表被动

动词后用介词“于”表被动，“于”起介绍引进动作行为的主动者的作用。例如：

则今之高爵显位，一旦抵罪，或脱身以逃，不能容于远近。(张溥《五人墓碑记》)

故内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪。（《史记．屈原列传》）

六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。(韩愈《师说》)

有时也在介词“于”或动词前加“受”，形成“受……于……”的形式表被动。例如：

吾不能举金吴之地，十万之从，受制于人。（《资治通鉴》）

2、用“见”、“见......于......。”表被动

古代汉语中有时在动词前面加上“见“字表被动，有时后面加上“于”字，起介绍引进动作行为的主动者的作用。例如：

秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。（《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》）

臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵。（同上）

暴见于王。（《孟子·梁惠王下》）

吾长见笑于大方之家。(《庄子·秋水》)

“见”有一种特殊用法和表被动的“见”的形式很相近，如：“冀君实或见怒也。”（《答司马谏议书》）这里的“见”不表被动，它是放在非动词前，表示对自己怎么样的客气说法，像现代汉语中的“见谅”等，为此种用法。

3、用“为”，“为......所.....”表被动

“为”在这里起引出动作的主动者的作用，例如：

（巨）偏在远郡, 行将为人所并。（《资治通鉴》）

及其衰也，数十伶人困之，而身死国灭，为天下笑。(欧阳修《伶官传序》)

吴广素爱人，士卒多为用者。(司马迁《陈涉世家》)

今不速往，恐为操所先。(司马光《赤壁之战》)

有如此之势，而为秦人积威之所劫。(苏洵《六国论》)

不者，若属皆且为所虏。(司马迁《鸿门宴》)

4、用“被”表被动

有时用用介词“被”表被动。例如：

予犹记周公之被逮，在丁卯三月之望。（张溥《五人墓碑记》）

忠而被谤，能无怨乎？（司马迁《史记．屈原列传》）

（二）无标志的被动句

这种情况是指没有被动词的被动句，因为动词本身表被动，这是意念上的被动句，需要根据上下文来判别。例如：

蔓草犹不可除，况君之宠弟乎？(《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》)

傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，……(《孟子·生于忧患，死于安乐》)

荆州之民附操者，逼兵势耳。（司马光《赤壁之战》）

四、省略句

句子成分的省略，在文言文和现代汉语中都有，不过，文言文中的省略句更普遍。常见的有以下几种情形：

1、主语的省略

省略主语有承前面的主语省略，有呼应下文省略，在对话中也常常省略主语。文言文中的第三称代词“之”、“其”不能作主语，也是文言文中主语多省略的原因之一。如：“自吾氏三世居是乡，积于今六十年矣，而乡邻之日蹙。殚其地之出，竭其庐之入，号呼而转徒，饥渴而顿踣，触风雨，犯寒暑，呼嘘毒疠，往往而死者相藉也。”有时一个复句或一段话中多处省略主语，这些主语并不一贯，即所指不是同一对象，在阅读和翻译时要注意。如：“见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。”（《桃花源记》）在翻译成现代汉语时，省略的主语要补充出来。例如：

永州之野产异蛇，( )黑质而白章，( )触草木，( )尽死。(柳宗元《捕蛇者说》)

沛公谓张良曰：“……()度我至军中，公乃入。”(司马迁《鸿门宴》)

()每假借于藏书之家，()手自笔录，()计日以还。……录毕，（ ）走送之，不敢稍逾约。(宋濂《送东阳马生序》)

()问：“()何以战？”公曰：“衣食所安，()弗敢专也，必以分人。”

()对曰：“小惠未偏，民弗从也。”(《左传·曹判论战》)

2、谓语的省略

省略谓语为主是句子里最重要的成分，一般是不能省略的。但在特定情况下也有承接上文、呼应下文或因对话而省略的。在译成现代汉语时，被省略的为主要补充出来。例如：

择其善者而从之，（ ）其不善者而改之。（《论语》六则）

一鼓作气，再()而衰，三()而竭。(《左传·曹判论战》)

3、宾语的省略

宾语的省略有两种情况：省略动词的宾语和省略介词的宾语。如：“以相如功大，拜为上卿。”（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）这句话就省略了动词谓语“拜”的宾语“之”又如：“竖子不足与谋！”（《鸿门宴》）这句话中省略了介词“与”的宾语“之”。在文言文中,介词“以”、“为”、“与”的宾语“之”往承上文省略。在译成现代汉语时，省略了的动词宾语或介词宾语要补充出来。例如：

尉剑挺，广起，夺()而杀尉。(司马迁《陈涉世家》)

每字为一印，火烧()令()坚。(沈括《活板》)

项王曰：“壮士！赐之卮酒。”则与()斗卮酒。(司马迁《鸿门宴》)此人一一为()具言所闻。(陶渊明《桃花源记》)

4、介词的省略

在文言文中，介词“于”和“以”常被省略。如：“后数日驿至，果地震陇西。”（《张衡传》）句中省略了介词“于”。又如：“赐之彘肩。”（《鸿门宴》）句中省略了介词“以”。译为现代汉语时，省略了的介词也要补充出来。例如：

今以钟磬置()水中，虽大风浪不能鸣也，而况石乎？ (苏轼《石钟山记》)

激昂()大义，蹈死不顾(张博《五人墓碑记》)

五、变式句

所谓变式句，是比照现代汉语说的。文言中句子的语序多有变化，常见的有以下几种：

1、主谓倒装

为了强调谓语，有时将谓语置于主语之前，也叫“主语后置”。这仅仅是因为语言表达的需要。例如：

甚矣，汝之不惠（慧）！（《愚公移山》）

甚矣，乌纱之横，皂隶之俗哉！（袁宏道《虎丘记》）

2、宾语前置

文言文中，动词或介词的宾语，一般置于动词或介词之后，但在一定条件下，宾语会前置，主要有以下三种情况：

⑴ 疑问句中，疑问代词作宾语，宾语前置

这类句子，介词的宾语也是前置的。如：“沛公安在？”（《史记·鸿门宴》）这种类型的句子关键是作宾语的疑问代词（像：谁、何、奚、曷、胡、恶、安、焉等）。值得注意的是，介词“以”的宾语比较活跃，即使不是疑问代词，也可以前置。如：“余是以记之，以俟观人风者得焉。”（柳宗元《捕蛇者说》）其中的“是”是一般代词，但也前置了。例如：

大王来何操？ (操何) (司马迁《鸿门宴》)

子何恃而往？ (侍何) (彭端淑《为学》)

微斯人，吾谁与归？ (与谁) (范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)

不然，籍何以至此？ (以何) (司马迁《鸿门宴》)

⑵ 文言否定句中，代词作宾语，宾语前置

这类句子有两点要注意，一是否定句（一般句中必须有“不”、“未”“毋”、“无”、“莫”等否定词）；二是代词作宾语。在这种情况下，代词宾语要放在动词之前和否定词之后。如：“时人莫之许也。”（陈寿《三国志．诸葛亮传》）正常语序应该是“时人莫许之也。”例如：

三岁贯汝，莫我肯顾。（《诗经·硕鼠》）

古之人不余欺也。 (苏轼《石钟山记》)

⑶用“之”或“是”把宾语提到动词前，以突出强调宾语。这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志，没有什么实在意义。如：“句读之不知，惑之不解。”（韩愈《师说》）有时，还可以在前置的宾语前加上一个范围副词“唯”，构成“唯……是……”的格式。如：“唯利是图”、“唯命是从”等。

⑷介词宾语前置的情况除了第一种情况外，还有一种情况，就是方位词、时间词作宾语时，有时也前置 例如：

“业文南向坐。”（《史记．项羽本记》）意思是“业文面向南坐。”

3、定语后置

文言文中，定语的位置一般也在中心词前边，但有时为了突出，中心词的地位，强调定语所表现的内容，或使语气流畅，往往把定语放在中心词之后，并用“者”结句，形成“中心词＋后置定语＋者“或“中心词＋之＋后置定语＋者”的形式。例如：

求人可使报秦者，未得。（《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》）

石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也。（苏轼《石钟山记》）

应注意的是，文言文中定语后置只限于表示修饰关系的句子，表领属关系的定语则不后置。

文言文中，有修饰名词的数词或量词放在名词之后特殊的定语后置现象，翻译时应提前作定语。例如：

我持白璧一双，欲献项王；玉斗一双，欲与亚父。(司马迁《鸿门宴》)

4、状语后置

现代汉语中状语置于谓语之前，若置于谓语之后便是补语。但在文言文中，处于补语的成分往往要以状语来理解。翻译时应提前作状语。例如：

“将军战河北，臣战河南。”（《鸿门宴》）

“战河南”即“战（于）河南”，应理解为“于河南战”。

“覆之以掌“（《促织》）

篇5：英语作文常用句式介绍

一、引出话题 / 开头

1）Recently, the problem of …has aroused people’s concern.2）(Internet /Computer)has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-

to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.3）Nowadays,(overpopulation / unemployment)has become a problem we have to f

ace.4）It is commonly/ generally / widely believed that … / It is a common belief that

….5）Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witn

essed great economic development and social transformation.由于改革开放政策,在过去的20年中中国经济取得了巨大的发展,社会发生了重大变革.6）With the rapid(amazing /eye-catching)development / progress / growth / impro

vement of economy(or society / industry / science and technology / living standard, great changes have taken place in ….随着经济的(或社会/工业/科学技术)快速的(惊人的/令人瞩目的)发展/进步/增长/改善,......发生了巨大的变化.二、表达不同观点

1)1.People’s view on … vary from person to person.Somehold that ….However,others believe that….2)People may have different opinions on ….3)Attitudes towards … vary from person to person.4)There are different opinions among people as to ….5)Different people hold different attitudes toward ….6)Those who criticize / oppose / object to … argue / hold that …, but people w

ho favor / are for … maintain / claim that ….三、引出图表信息出处

1)As we can see from the chart / graph / table/ diagram, …

2)From the chart / graph / table/ diagram, we can see …

3)The chart / graph / table/ diagram shows / reveals / reflects tha

t …

4)The figures / statistics(数据)in the chart / graph / table/ diagram

shows / reveals / reflects that …

5)As shown in / According to the chart / graph / table/ diagram,…

四、数据变化叙述

1)The number of … increased / rose suddenly /considerably/ rapidly from … to… 的数量从 …… 激 / 猛增到…

2)There was a sudden / rapid / considerable / sharp rise/ increase in the number of(private cars)from(年)to(年).3)The ten years from 1994-2004 witnessed / saw a steady growth of(private cars)from … to………私家车从……稳步增长

到……

4)The number of … dropped sharply / went sharply down to …in…(时间), … 的数量急剧下降到……

5)There was an evident / obvious reduction / decline in … from… to…

从……到……期间, 在……方面有明显的下降.6)The number of … fell / dropped / declined by …% from …to… 在(时间), …… 的数量下降了百分之……

五、分析原因

1）The reasons for the change can be listed as follows.For one thing,… For anoth

er ….2）What has possible contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second

place….是什么导致了这个问题呢? 首先……其次……

3）A number of factors could account for / lead to /result in ….几方面的因素可能

导致……

4）There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.这种现象的发生有各种各样的理由.5）There are three reasons for this change.First, ….Second, ….Third,….6）There are numerous reasons why…, and I would explore only a few of the mos

t important ones here.六、叙述事物优点 / 缺点

1)There are several advantages in … The first / biggest advantage is that….2)The advantages of … can be seen as follows.First….Beside

s….3)… is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives.For

one thing….For another….4)However, just like anything else,… has its negative sides as we

ll.5)In the meantime, we cannot ignore the disadvantages of … 6)However, the negative aspects of … are also apparent / obviou

s.To begin with,… To make matters worse,… Worst of all,…

七、提出解决问题的办法

1)Then how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be ofsomehelp.2)It is essential that proper actions / effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation / trend.为了扭转局势,我们有必要采取有效的措施.3)We need to take a fresh look at this matter / situation in a new perspective.Otherwis

e, we won’t come anywhere near solving it.我们应该从一个新的角度来看这个问题.否则的话,我们将很难解决它.4)There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of….5)It is urgent / important / necessary that appropriate/ effective / proper actions /

measures / steps be taken to end / correct / improve ….6)Both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this world a

better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations.7)Obviously, … If we want to o something…, it is essential that….六、分析原因

1)The reasons can be listed as follows.For one thing,… For another ….2)What has possible contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second

place….3)A number of factors could account for / lead to /result in ….4)There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.5)There are three reasons for this change.First, ….Second, ….Third,….6)There are numerous reasons why…, and I would explore only a few of the mos

t important ones here.八、作者表态

1)In my opinion / Personally, I am in favor of the opinion that …

2)As far as I am concerned, I stand on the side of ….3)To be frank / To tell the truth , I completely agree with the former / latter.4)For the reasons presented above, I strongly support the notion that …

5)In my opinion, both sides are partly right.When we … we should take into c

onsideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.九、引出结尾 / 结论

1)It may be briefly summed up as follows.2)From the table(graph / chart)listed above, it can be seen that ….3)From the above comparison and contrast / From what has been discussed /ment

ioned above, we can come to the conclusion that ….4)Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/ reasonably arrive at the

conclusion that …..5)All in all(总之), we cannot live without ….But at the same time we must tr

y to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.1)

6)To achieve this goal, however, we still have a great distance to cover.… 7)To conclude my essay, I would like to quote an old saying ….十、引出格言、谚语

1)As the saying goes, “…”.I think there is some truth in it.2)One of the great writers in China / America once said….What he / she said is

true.Indeed….3)Here is an old saying, “…”.It’s the experience of our forefathers.However, it i

s correct in many cases even today.十一、常用格言

1)Every coin has its two sides.2)No garden without its weeds.没有无草的花园./ 凡事有利有弊.3)Chance generally favors the prudent.机遇偏爱谨慎人./ 精明人常遇机遇.4)Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是成功路上的第一步.5)Every man is the master of his own fortune.人人都是自己命运的主宰.6)Honesty is the best policy.诚实是上策./ 诚实为贵.7)Success belongs to the most persevering.成功属于坚持不懈的人.8)Knowledge is a treasure but practice is the key to it.知识是个宝库,而实践是

开启宝库的钥匙.9)Nothing in life is to be feared.It is only to be understood.生活中没有可怕的东西, 只是需要理解.10)Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.读书使人渊博, 交谈使人机敏, 写作使人严谨.Letter of Applying for the Job

假定你是一名在校大学生，打算在假期打工。请写一封求职信，内容包栝你想申请的职位，你的资历以及兴趣爱好等。（No less than 120 words.）

写作策略

开头段: 表明信息来源, 并说明写作意图.主体段: 介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人能力、特长,以表明你可以胜任这个职位.结尾段: 表示强烈的期盼,并希望尽快得到答复.常用句型

1.I wish to apply for the position of … which you advertised in … on June 16.2.I am very interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining a post as a(n)… with

you firm.本人希望能在贵公司觅得一份……的工作.3.I am keen to apply for a job vacancy with your company.4.In response to / In reply to your advertisement, I wish to apply for … 我拟应聘贵

公司招聘的……职位.5.I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my educati

on and work experience.我很乐意为您提供更多有关我的学历和工作经历的情况.6.I graduated with a BA degree / a Master’s degree / a Doctorate degree in … from

…in(year).我于……年从……大学毕业,已获得……专业的学士学位(硕士学位、博士学位).7.I have a fair mastery of … / have a good command of …我精通…… 8.I believe that I am well qualified, both psychologically and academically, for the post.我认为我无论在学业还是心理素质方面都能胜任该职位.9.I can come for an interview at your convenience.Please contact me at … / I can be

reached at … 我随时可以接受面试.请打……号码与我联系.10.I hope you would take my application into account favorably and grant me a job inte

篇6：英语图表作文常用句式

泛指一份数据图表：a graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

饼图：pie chart

直方图或柱形图：bar chart

趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram

表格：table

流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram

二、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法

数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time

在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time

持续变化的data在不同情况下：

增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ……

减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……

波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……

稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……

三、表示数据变化的单词或者词组

rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地

stable/stably 稳定的四、图表写作套句

1.The table shows the changes in the number of … over the period from … to … 该表格描述了在……年到……年间……数量的变化。

2.The graph provides some interesting data regarding...该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。

3.This is a curve graph which describes the trend of...这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。

4.The figures/statistics show that...数据（字）表明……

5.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that...这些数据资料令我们得出结论……

6.As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the chart...如图所示……

7.As can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in...从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。

8.From the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that...从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到……

9.This table shows the changing proportion of a and b from...to...该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。

10.The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in...该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。

11.As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of...如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。

12.Over the period from...to...the...remained level.在……至……期间，……基本不变。

13.In the year between...and...在……年到……期间……

14.In the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998...1995年至1998三年里……

15.The number of...remained steady/stable from(month/year)to(month/year).……月（年）至……月（年）……的数量基本不变。

16.The number sharply went up to...数字急剧上升至……

17.The percentage of...stayed the same between...and...……至……期间……的比率维持不变。

18.The figures peaked at...in(month/year)

……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点，为……

19.The situation reached a peak(a high point at)of …%.……的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为……百分点。

20.The percentage remained steady at...比率维持在……

21.The percentage of...is sightly larger/smaller than that of...……的比例比……的比例略高（低）。

22.There is not a great deal of difference between...and...……与……的区别不大

23.The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of...该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。

24....decreased year by year while...increased steadily.……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。

25.The figures/situation bottomed out in...数字（情况）在……达到底部。

26.The figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。