七选五

2024-05-03

七选五(精选八篇)

七选五 篇1

高考英语采用“七选五”型阅读理解题, 试题模式为:给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章, 对应有七个选项, 要求学生们根据文章结构、内容, 选出正确的句子, 填入相应的空白处。这一考查题型对阅读理解题提出了更高层次的要求, 即不仅要有阅读速度, 要对所读文章的组织要求、具体信息有所了解, 尤其重要的是掌握作者的写作意图、观点, 区分出论点和论据, 并且把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次。

然而, 只要了解了这种新题型的考查要点、出题位置, 在阅读文章时有意思加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解, 掌握英语文章的常见的集中写作结构, 对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助。

具体准确分析篇章结构, 把握全篇文脉是“七选五”型阅读理解题解题的关键, 英语的篇章 (passage) 通常是由句子 (sentences) 和语段 (sentence group) 构成, 语段是句子与语篇之间的中间层次, 句子虽然能够单独表达相对完整的意思和思想, 但是他不能表达多方面、比较复杂的思想, 只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段, 才能表达一个相对独立的层意, 所谓的“积句而成章, 积章而成篇”就是这个道理。

新题型七选五实在跟传统题型完形填空有相似之处, 完形填空空出的是词, 而七选五空出的是句子, 但是他们的考察方式都是一样的, 只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯, 符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行, 因此, 这两类题型在做题方法上有共通之处。另外, 从该题型给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点:该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句 (文章整体内容) 、过渡性句子 (文章结构) 和注释性句子 (上下文逻辑意义) 三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除, 例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题, 过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构, 注释性句子与上文脱节等。

二、“七选五”题型考点

《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。”

如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查, 它是语言表达的基本单位, 属于语言的组织规律, 那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查, 是语言使用的范畴, 属于言语的组织规律, 简单地说, 前者侧重语言的结构 - 语法, 而后者侧重语言的使用 - 章法。

1、注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程, 新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识, 而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力, 是阅读的深层理解, 也是阅读的核心和关键。

2、题材新颖, 具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性, 与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应, 与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应, 与高中英语教学实际相适应, 遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念, 保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。

三、“七选五”题型解题技巧和方法

1、基本知识

分析文章的层次包含两种形式:一种是分析整篇文章的层次, 也就是段落, 另一种是分析每一个段落的内部层次, 也就还是语篇层次。

2、了解选项特点

(1) 正确选项特点:复现, 包括同意反复, 反义反复, 上下意反复。

(2) 错误选项特点:以偏概全, 扩大范围, 偏离主题。

3、解题策略

角度一:

(1) 从词汇上判断。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些关键词的敏感, 最主要的是空白前后的名词和动词, 寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。

(2) 从意思上判断。读懂空白前后的句子非常之重要, 明白这几句话的确切意思, 然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上, 再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。

(3) 从关联词上判断。英语的句子与句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡, 使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯, 因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时一定要注意。常见的关联词有下面这些:

时间关系:afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with, in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with。

并列与递进关系:and, or, neither…nor…, either…or…, likewise, similarly, also, equally, in the same way, that is to say, the same…as, besides, as well as, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, what is more。

因果关系:because, for, thanks to, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, dueto, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason。

转折让步 关系:but, however, yet, on the contrary, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite。

角度二:试题所在位置

(1) 段首。通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容, 根据段落一致性原则, 查找同义词或其他相关的词, 推断出主题句。与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句, 锁定线索信号词, 然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的, 因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。

(2) 段尾。空白前的一句或两句是重点语句, 重点阅读以锁定关键词。通常是结论、概括性语句。与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词, 同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下, 通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节, 因此根据段落一致性原则, 在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。

摘要:随着新课标高考英语教学的不断发展, 对学生的综合素质的要求越来越高。自2009年以来, 高考英语全国卷以及多个地区采用了新题型“七选五”阅读理解题。这是符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (宁夏卷) 说明》中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章, 必须对文章的结构有所了解, 把握住全篇的文脉, 即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。本文从学生做题中存在的问题, 以及做好“七选五”的具体要求和方法出发, 集合自己的教学实践, 给要参加高考的学生们一些指导和帮助。

关键词:“七选五”,高考,技巧方法

参考文献

[1]陈延佑.英文汉译技巧[M].北京:北京外语教学与研究出版社, 1980.

英语阅读七选五巧妙解题 篇2

一.文章结构:

(a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述,因此时间、地点往往是出题重点)

(b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比喻类比阐述)

(c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比)

(d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因,客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的)(e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点)

二.选项特点:(a)主旨概括句(文章整体内容)

(b)过渡性句子(文章结构)(c)注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)

三.解题技巧:

1.查看有无主题句:段首或段尾

2.看空前空后内容,分析之间的逻辑性

3.观察语法关系:同义词或近义词的重复使用,名词单复数及动词时态的变化,动宾搭配等

4.注意代词或定冠词:it, they, this, the…

5.注意特殊疑问词及标点符号: why, where, when, what…

6.注意连词: however, so, though, not only…but also, also...7.灵活掌握答题顺序

8.看选项,初步排除含有无关内容的选项:

1).主旨概括句要么过于宽泛、要么以偏概全、或偏离主题;

2).过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构;

3).注释性句子与上文脱节等。

四.解题步骤

1)快速阅读全文要点词句。包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等,目的是掌握文章的主要内容。

但是由于文章中空缺了五处,而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段,文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的,因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。因此这一步可能对很多考生来说会花费很多时间。如果感觉困难而且收获不大,可直接进入第二步,即一开始就边阅读边分析做题。

2)边读边做题。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子,圈定线索词,然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词,以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准,可先放过,继续往下读,先做容易的能做出的题,直到读完整篇文章。至此,文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。

“七选五阅读”题型解读 篇3

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

阅读理解七选五(也有阅读填空等称呼),即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。

题型特点

1. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质上是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程,“七选五”不但要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构,理解句子和段落之间的联系,对连贯性、一致性等语段特征把握熟练,还要具备用语法知识分析长难句的能力。它的选项一般分为三类:主旨概括句、过渡性句子和注释性句子。

2. 选材特征。文体上以说明文为主,比如新课标Ⅰ卷,2015年讲的是“重建信任”,2014年是“帮助孩子为未来作准备”,2013年是“商业和企业管理”,2012年是“青少年如何缓解压力”……所选文章写作线索清晰明了,逻辑严密。文章的长度通常在180~250词之间。

解题策略

1.根据语境判断

做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上,利用线索词等进一步确认答案。如上文中的36、37、39、40题:

36. C。上文提到跑马拉松,下文说要买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里说的应该是训炼前的准备工作。

37. E。上文提到鞋子到手之后要再次核实是否舒服,下文说的是跑之前要拉伸以防受伤,开始运动只能是在确保鞋子没有问题之后,所以选E。

39. D。前句讲第二周要设定一个目标,本段第一句又说第一周不要考虑距离,所以设空所在的句子自然应该是讨论加长跑步的距离。如何增加?自然是每天比前一天多一点。

40. G。上文说的是两周过去之后,下文说的是可以在比赛开始之前设定一个时间表了,所以两周过去之后,应该设定新的目标了。

2.留意线索词

对线索词的敏感是一种重要的能力。最主要的线索词是空白前后的名词和动词,寻找答案时要注意在选项中查找对应的同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语,其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词或是表示地点/名称的专有名词。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下,利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。如上文中的第38题:

38. A。考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周应该怎么做,下文说要休息一天,然后提到第二周如何如何,所以这里说的应该是练习六天后要休息一天,刚好是一周。week和a day of是线索词。

3.根据关联词判断

由于英语的句与段之间经常会运用关联词或某些具有关联作用的副词表示衔接和过渡,因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如:表示并列或递进关系的词,一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;表示转折或让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,或褒贬对立或是否对立;表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或观点的句子,句中往往会有复述名词出现。

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4.根据试题所在的位置来确定

(1)挖空位置在段首

①这种情况下所缺的通常是段落主题句。一般段落的中心都会出现在一段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则,推断出该段的主题句。

例1 According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot,then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children.

A. Parents should also be careful about what they say to young children.

B.The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.

解析 A。阅读空后内容可知“根据一些心理学家的观点,如果父母总是说孩子傻,那么孩子就可能做傻事,因此父母应该多说一些积极的话”。根据“挖空位置在段首,所缺的通常是段落主题句”的原则,可以推断出挖空内容一定与父母对孩子所说的话相关,这样很容易就可以判断A项为本段的主题句。

②要关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句,确定相关信息词,然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后,以确定答案。例如:

例2 They say it’s boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!

A. Some people don’t like Muzak.

B. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.

解析 A。挖空后的第一句话中出现的相关信息词They与A项中的Some people为指代关系;根据boring可以反推don’t like。

(2)挖空位置在段尾

这种情况下所缺的通常是结论或概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关键词。

例3 There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data don’t mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false. .

A. We should try our best to be wise thinkers

B. Sometimes our hearts and minds are more sensitive than data

解析 A。此题挖空位置在段尾,空格前的论述内容是“虽然数据很重要,但是如果我们没有能力运用所学知识分析数据,没有自信去判断它们正确与否,那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。这段话得出的结论应该是“我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”,因此A项是正确答案。

(3)挖空位置在段中

挖空位置如果在段中,则其所填句子含义应与前句、后句保持一致。因此,同学们在做题时要关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。例如:

例4 There are a number of things you can do to beat your fears. One important approach is to become an expert in your problem. There are countless books and websites providing up-to-date theories and explanations about fears. If you become an expert in your fear, you will be able to make good decisions about the best treatment to overcome it.

A. You can also go to lectures and workshops.

B. Making some simple changes to your diet can make you look good.

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解析 A。上述例句挖空位于段中,根据“上下求索,瞻前顾后”的原则,答题时要关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。阅读空格前句子可知其内容为克服恐惧的方法;阅读选项后可以锁定含有递进含义also的A项,其内容也是进一步提供克服恐惧的方法。

例5 Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. , We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less Vitamin C.

A. Stone Age people lived a simple life.

B. But today,we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C. In that case,they would live much healthier.

解析 B。以上例句挖空位于段中,阅读空前空后句子,可以发现空前内容是石器时代人们的饮食习惯;空后所描述的是现代人的饮食习惯。因此空前内容与挖空内容为转折关系,可锁定含有关联词but的B项。

下面就让我们来应用一下上文提到的方法:

(2015年高考北京卷)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

This Way to Dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 ,hey annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

First, understand that some opportunities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativety, Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.

G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.

答案 BCEAG

浅谈英语新题型七选五答题技巧 篇4

首先, 先把七个选项弄得清清楚楚, 尤其是意思相近的选项, 往往出题者就是利用这样的选项迷惑考生。

其次, 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种条件, 在文章中找到切入点。

一、理清句际间意义的关系

文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成, 各个层次, 各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致, 它所表达的内容也都是要围绕中心的, 各句之间都有一定的语脉, 从逻辑意义上来看, 语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时包含一种或以上的句际关系。因此, 理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉, 理清句际间的关系, 进而理解语段或全文的内容。

二、找出句子之间的连接性的词语

文章的语句间的组合, 除了从语句间的意义关系分析外, 还可借助句子之间的连结性词语来把握, 因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是承接关系 (如so, t her ef or e, t hus, hence, accor di ngly, consequent ly, as a r esult等) 、平列关系 (如first, second, t hird…first ly, second ly, t hi r dly…f i r st, next, t hen…i n t he f i r st place, i n t he second place…f or one t hi ng;f oranot hert hi ng…t o begi n wi t h, t o conclude等) ;层递关系 (如also, furt her, furt hermore, l ikewise, si mi lar ly, mor eover, i naddi t i on, what’s m or e, t oo ei t her, nei t her, not…but…not only, but also等)

三、找到复现词, 即文章选项中和需要填选项部分的文字出现的相同的词或者相近词

做这类型题可以按以下步骤进行:

1.通读整篇文章, 把握整段语脉, 理出文章的中心。

2.认真研究选项, 正确理解选项意思。

3.除中心词、关键词外, 将所有句子按意义分出层次承接、平列、层进等关系。

4.再分析各层次之间的关系。

高中英语阅读七选五解题方法 篇5

以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句,以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分,以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上,一般只需花5~10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。

2. 重点阅读上下句

因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺,解题时大多只看上句,或只看下句,就可基本确定答案。

事实上,如果没有时间来得及通读或细读,或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂,建议通过以下技巧,也基本上可以得满分。

3. 看看结构变轻松

在解题过程中,除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外,通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小,心情变得更加轻松,一般可将7个选项缩小到2~4个选项,碰对的机率大大提高。

(1)标题结构

如果考查段落标题,先看看其他标题的语言形式,同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语,该题答案也是名词短语;如果其他标题是祈使句,该题的答案也是祈使句。

(2)句子结构

如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分,就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子,如果是句子,看看是否有连词,如果没有连词,要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。

4. 词语复现显神功

作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时,与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现,这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现;以同义词的形式重复出现,叫同义复现;以近义词或近义表达(意思相近,表达方式不同)的形式重复出现,叫近义复现;以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现,叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher,parent的上义词,而teacher,parent就是adult的下义词)。

词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段,而七选五正是考查语篇衔接,因此,利用词语复现解七选五十分管用。在近五年的8套全国新课标卷共40道题中有13道题利用这一招可直接选出答案,利用这一招可将选项缩小到2个选项的还有5道,也就是说,平均起来,几乎有一半的题仅用这一招就可解决。

值得注意的是,有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用,但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项,只是正确的可能性更大,在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案,还得将含复现词的选项代入原文,看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接,只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如:

5. 代词逻辑亦管用

我们知道,七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接,而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一,故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如:

根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题,如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。

6. 篇章需要基本功

五招破解七选五阅读 篇6

[词汇浮现法]

这种方法是最直接的一种解题的方法。同学们可以通过对比选项和文章,看有没有重复使用某一个词,或者二者之间有同根词。

例1 Inner peace may seem almost unachievable and maybe even unreal for many. However, there is a secret. Inner peace is only partly decided by outer circumstances. Mainly, it is a choice you must make for yourself. 36 This requires constant practice,but with practice your inner peace can become a habit, and then, a reality. These are the steps you may start with.

1.Simplify

Simplicity contributes to inner peace because it allows you to direct your energy and effort into one single point.Get rid of everything that blocks you,including acquaintances and friends who may only disturb you. 37 Don’t let unnecessary information like TV news into your life.

2.Direct your mind on the present moment

The only time that truly exists is this present moment. Past was once the present, and future will once too, become the present. 38 Or with the unpredictable future,which is in fact nothing more than your fantasy. So be focused on the present. Give all your best to it, and simply live.

3.Smile

A simple smile does wonders. 39 It can instantly change mood of others as well as your own.Smile to members of your family, smile to your coworkers, smile to everybody you meet. Smile even to yourself in the mirror if there’s nobody else around.While smiling, you can’t help but feel calmness, happiness and love.

4.Keep calm

If you find yourself anxious,take few deep breaths and wait to fully calm down before taking any kind of action or decision. 40 The ability to keep calm and focus among chaos and changes is a true sign of inner peace.

A. Try to think of what good it also did you.

B. Rushing anything leads only to poor outcomes.

C. Stop and think about how fortunate you really are.

D. It can help to soften hearts and make “no” into“yes”.

E. Throw out or give away everything that you don’t really need.

F. For all that matters, you should not involve yourself with things gone.

G. You can be calm and peaceful in any situation by surprisingly, simply choosing to.

解析 GEFDB。第1段讲述了内心的平静只有一部分由外界因素决定,它更多的是源于自身所做的选择。It is a choice you must make for yourself.中的choice和G选项里面的choosing属于同根词,因此这道题可以考虑G选项。经过验证这个题就应该选G。

[词汇锁定法]

词汇锁定法是通过关注空前后的词汇,在选项中查找相关的同义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语。比如例1第4条中的anxious和B选项中的rushing就有相关性。

例2 (2015新课标II卷) When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double check the fit. . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

解析 E。前面说当你发现看着合适的鞋子,穿着走几天再看看是不是合脚。选项E中说如果它们还是(让你)感觉不错,就可以穿着它们开始跑步。显然,这里的they和them指的都是shoes,指代一致。另外这个选项里说的feel good文中说的the fit指的都是鞋子穿着合脚。所以确定E选项就是要找的答案。

[句意判断法]

句意判断法要注意两个方面,一是句子前后文相似句型的查找,二是要确切理解意思,合乎文章的逻辑。

例3 (2015新课标Ⅱ卷) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of runs. , buy the best fitting, best-built running shoes you can find.

解析 C。设空后面是个逗号,然后跟了一个祈使句,说明这里需要的是一个状语,那么AC选项首先在语法上是符合要求的。再来看空前说马拉松训练需要细致的准备和跑步长度上渐进的提升,后面说的是购买你能找到的最合适最好的跑鞋,就知道这个是为跑马拉松进行的准备,是在训练前做的事情,所以C在语意上也符合了要求。

[关联逻辑法]

这个方法是通过文章和选项中的表示逻辑关系的关联词(比如表示并列、递进转折、让步等关系)入手,找出能体现相应逻辑关系的选项。

例4 (2013新课标I卷) Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润)—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

解析 DCAEB。第71空前面说大部分商业机构追求利润,而后面说的是非营利组织nonprofits,说明前后方向相反,那么所填的内容必须符合使话题一转的作用。however正好表现这种转折关系,代入D选项验证,就可知这个就是我们要选择的答案。

[设题位置法]

设空位于段首一般用来表明本段的中心大意,如果位于中间一般是过渡句或起细节理解的作用,如果在段末则一般作为本段的归纳、总结。

我们先来看看问题设空在段首。通常在选择段首句时要认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致的原则,查找同义词或相关内容。

例5 Always stressed

4 You’re not giving your body time to recover,so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer. The fact that we can stay connected to the workplace whenever we are in the world is feeding deep-seated insecurities.

A. Seeking work/life balance.

B. You are remindless of your own health.

C. Some people are becoming increasingly concerned about this syndrome (综合症).

D. The negative impacts of this “always on” culture are that your mind is never resting.

E. You are nervous if your phone is getting low on paper.

F. We now consume media for more hours than we sleep.

G. The app—Moment.

解析 D。这一题就是典型的段首句。通过阅读后面的文章可知本段讲的是“永远在线”给人们带来心理压力和不安全感,生理和心理健康都会因此受到折磨。选项D中的never resting与本段中的not giving your body time to recover,tired是相对应的,且the negative inpacts就是对后文内容的概括。这里段首就是这个段落的主题句,后面则是对这个问题展开的解释和分析。

接下来我们再用一个例子来看看设空在段尾。如果空设在段尾通常是结论、概括性的语句。要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论的信号词,如therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等。

例如在一篇题为Some Unmissable and Positive Habits to Live a Happier Life的文章里最后一空:

例6 End each day with gratitude

Just before you go to bed, write down at least one wonderful thing that happened. It might be something as small as a child’s laugh or something as huge as a million dollar deal. 5

A. Focus on the present moment.

B. Laugh in the middle of a busy day.

C. Be a part of something you believe in.

D. Find time to work out regularly and eat well.

E. That’s because they don’t have anything to worry about.

F. It’s amazing how much the people around us can affect our emotions.

G. Whatever it is, be grateful for that day because it will never come again.

七选五 篇7

一、明确考题方向探讨学习方法

“知彼知己, 方能百战百胜”, 认真研究好题型是应对做题的首要任务。我们知道七选五这样的题型已被全国多个省市的高考英语试卷采用, 题目要求大概是考试者将会得到一篇缺了五句话的英语文章, 并要求学生根据文章的结构, 逻辑, 上下文的内容选出相应的五句话填入空白处将文章补充完整。这样新的题型的出现势必会给学生带来一定的困扰, 无所适从。因此教师应着眼于新的题型, 明确答题方向, 与学生探讨行之有效的学习方法, 进而把握好解题方向形成自己的解题套路, 积极应对考试。

例如在学习策略上, 对学生进行科学的学法指导, 让学生从文章题眼着手, 把握作者的思路, 从语序上去发现断点, 层层深入, 通过上下文联系, 查找关键词, 意思上的逻辑性连贯性等, 学会娴熟地利用各种手段, 如词汇连接, 逻辑连接, 结构连接等代入原文, 另外还要考察两个干扰性答案, 一一般般干干扰扰答答案案可可通通过过三三个个特特点点排排除;例如考题大致分为概括句, 过渡性句子, 注释性句子。如果主旨概括要么过于宽泛或以偏概全偏离主题, 过渡性句子不能反映文章行文结构的, 注释句子与上下文脱节等都是错的选项, 学生要注意总结概括, 形成自己的解题思维与技巧, 真正掌握题型考查方式。教师应适当地给学生完成一些相关的考卷, 在教与学过程中不断反思提高认识, 总结知识规律, 完善解题技巧, 在学习态度上, 教师应循循善诱, 科学地对学生提出学习期望;切不可操之过急, 心急吃不了热豆腐, 一个好的学习方法是需要不断地学习思考总结而得, 面对新的题型, 学生需要耐心的辅导以及积极的学习态度。面对不同学习程度上的学生, 应因材施教, 扬长避短, 学生更需要积极的鼓励来引导。

另外, 该题型与完形填空考查方式大同小异, 完形填空空出的是词;这空出的是句子。都是考查学生英语语感, 语言的逻辑性与连贯性。要注意把握两者的学习技巧, 相互交融, 互相借鉴。在学习方法上都意在培养学生理解能力, 行文连贯性判断能力, 逻辑表达能力。在新的题型上, 不仅要求学生形成新的学习方式而且在知识水平上也对其提出了新的挑战与要求。因此学生有个清醒的认识, 原有的知识结构满足不了时代的要求, 作为新一代青年学生在学习外语过程中应有意储备词汇, 句子, 语段, 语法等方面知识, 与老师同学合作交流, 探讨行之有效的学习方法, 共同学习, 共同进步。

二、课外汲取相关知识提高学习认识

在做该题型的专题练习时, 教师应培养学生科学的解题策略。例如阅读时, 1.首先找出文章主旨。一般在文章首段和末段, 因为“开门见山”、“末尾点题”比较常见, 主旨方向明确了有利于文章的掌握;2.养成边读边做题习惯。文章逻辑性连贯性比较强, 注意行文规律, 各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读, 再从选项中寻找相关的关键词来判断正确答案。这就需要学生掌握一定基础知识, 文章常见的特殊疑问词, 空前后回答, 句际关系等;如表转折的连but, however, yet, though;表并列and, also, as...well...as, not only...but also等都可以通过句意, 上下文联系推断而得, 学生要有一定的辩证, 综合, 分析, 归纳方面的逻辑思想能力。

在解题思路上, 应做到1.通读全文, 了解文章大意;2.通读答案, 找出和文章相应的关键词;3.根据文章整体结构, 具体内容, 并结合关键词将选项填入文中;4.再次回顾, 连接文章结构, 确定排除选项。学生要养成边读边做题的习惯, 有利于文章的行文掌握与理解, 一般各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读, 再从选项中相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。一般答案的选项都能使行文连贯, 符合英文语法, 表达习惯方式等。学生要有一定的解题套路, 培养语感。在做题后切勿随意乱改答案, 要养成自己的科学解题模式。此外要有科学的解题思路, 进行科学有效练习。在平时应广泛阅读英文报、趣味文章等丰富视野, 我们知道好记性不如烂笔头, 好的学习方法与技巧也是通过长久的思考与探索而得。在教学上, 教师应通过多媒体教学展示, 向学生提供理性感性上的认识。通过科学严谨的学法指导, 展示题型解题模式与方法, 培养学生一定的解题套路与思维方式, 促进科学有效的学习方法的培养。

作为学习上的主角, 学生应改变被动学习, 消极学习的恶习。完成思想上的转变, 积极上进, 主动学习。学习是一个需要不断进行更新, 持之以恒的动作, 特别是在新的时代, 新的学习方法与模式不断更新换代。作为学生应清楚地认识, 现有的知识已远远不能满足时代的需要, 所以积极主动地学习新知识是当务之急。在学习七选五英语阅读时应主动积极探讨, 跟进老师步伐, 掌握学习要领, 务必拿下新题型。之外, 应不断学习新知识。例如课余与同学进行英文诵读, 参加英语兴趣小组等。这对于培养语感, 提高英语综合能力素质是一个不错的选择。通过口语实际运用交际, 英语广播站, 趣味英语故事, 英语文化民俗习惯阅读等的学习也可以大大促进文化的了解, 提高学习认识, 有利于阅读上的理解与思考。

三、考后思考分析总结做题规律

在通过全面系统地学习该英语阅读后, 每个学生所感悟所收获的都会有所不同, 这就要求我们学生一定要认真做题, 科学对待;抛开过去的题海战术, 在新课程与老师的指导下养成科学有效的学习方式, 科学有效做题。不断提高自己的英语综合素质能力, 科学地改进做题经验, 并形成自己行之有效的做题技巧。一次次的做题, 结合做题习惯不断改进和反思。在学习上通过科学有效的学习方法, 不断深入学习, 在做题作业中形成认识, 完善知识结构, 长善补缺完成思维上的转变, 更好地适应试题要求;在生活中应扼杀消极不良的学习态度与习惯, 积极探讨形成合作交流的学习方式, 保持学习积极性。

因此, 要想真正做好英语阅读, 提高学习成绩, 完善知识结构, 教师首要任务应提高自身教育教学模式上的转变, 不断深入认识, 掌握好题型才能更好地言传身教。丰富教学知识, 引领新常态。 而学生更应积极主动学习, 养成自助, 合作, 探究的新学习方法;学习是自己的事情, 要形成新的学习认识, 配合教师新的教育教学模式, 完成学法上的更新进步与学习思维上的转变, 培养语感, 发散思维, 并逐步形成自己的知识网络结构, 有利于应用于解题提高学习效率对自己负责。不断提高自己的英语综合能力素质和处理、解决问题的能力, 发扬个性促进自身发展, 这也是为以后更高层次的学习奠定基础。

摘要:英语是一门重要学习的科目, 掌握好科学有效的英语解题方式对英语的学习来说意义重大。特别是新课程学习的提出, 意在要求学生掌握更多更有效的知识, 以适应新时代的发展。在七选五这样新题型下又该如何应对?作为高中英语教师, 应如何应变该题型, 又该如何将新课程的教育教学目标科学完整地实际运用起来呢?只有不断创新英语教学方法, 探讨英语七选五题型的做法, 逐步引导学生, 培养他们的学习兴趣, 不断提高他们的阅读能力。

七选五阅读的类型与解题方法 篇8

一、试题特点

1. 试题模式

在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项。

2. 考查重点

主要考查考生对文章的结构有所了解,把握全篇的文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

3. 选项特点

主题句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)、注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)。

二、解题策略

笔者将七选五阅读的解题策略归纳为“三法一词一句”:

1. 篇章结构法(主题句、过渡句、总结句)。

2. 关键词重复法(包括以原词或以近义词、反义词、同根词、总括与具体例子之间的形式重复)。

3. 代词一致法。

4. 语篇标识词。

5. 排比句(句式并列)。

三、分类实例

1. 指引性说明文

Structure

1. Topic sentence. (suggestions, advice or tips on doing sth.)

2. List several tips one by one.(usually subtitles; 排比句)

[例1]

Guide for Teenagers

The teenage years can be tough, and its normal to feel sad every now and then. 1

Try not to isolate yourself

When youre depressed(沮丧的),you may not feel like seeing anybody or doing anything. Just getting out of bed in the morning can be difficult, but isolating(使孤立)yourself only makes depression worse.

2 Spend time with friends, especially those who are active.

Keep your body healthy

Making healthy lifestyle choices can do wonders for your mood. Ever heard of a“runners high”? Physical activity can be as effective as medications for depression, so get involved in sports, ride your bike, or take a dance class. Any activity helps!

3 As for food, make sure youre feeding your mind with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Avoid alcohol and drugs

You maybe try drinking or use drugs in an effort to escape from your feelings and get a“mood boost,”even if just for a short time. However, substance use can not only make depression worse, but can cause you to become more depressed. 4 You will need special treatment for your problem.

5

Stress and worry can lead to depression. Talk to a teacher if exams or classes seem overwhelming. In addition, if you have a health concern you feel you cant talk to your parents about, see a doctor. A health professional can help you approach your parents and guide you toward appropriate treatment. If youre dealing with relationship, friendship, or family problems, talk to an adult you trust.

A. Ask for help if you are stressed.

B. Even a short walk can be beneficial.

C. Turn to your parents for help.

D. As you get out into the world, you may find yourself feeling better.

E. In short, drinking and taking drugs will make you feel worse -- not better--in the long run.

F. The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be.

G. Help is available and you have more power than you think.

答案点拨

第1题选G。主题句,统领整个篇章。

第2题选C。句式并列,此空与后句Spend time with friends都是祈使句。

第3题选B。关键词重复法,选项B中的a short walk是空前句Any activity的具体例子,语义关联;另外,be beneficial与helps同义。语篇标识词,Even这个标识词是表示递进关系,符合上下文的逻辑语义。

第4题选E。关键词重复法,选项E中的drinking, drugs与小标题中的alcohol, drugs”重复。

第5题选A。关键词重复法,选项A中的stressed与该段首句的名词stress重复。

2. 解释性说明文

Structure

1. 定义解释what(definition/phenomenon)

2. 对比优劣势(compare the weaknesses and strengths)

3. 解决问题(how—the way to solve the problem)

4. 总结(make a conclusion)

[实例2] 2015年北京高考题

This Way to Dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.

1 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 2 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 3 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 4

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.

5 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.

G. Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.

答案点拨

第1题选B。代词一致法,选项B中的主语与空前句及空后句的主语都是they,且都是指代上文的名词daydreamer。

第2题选C。关键词重复法,选项C中的relativity, Coke or Post-it notes(相对论、可口可乐或便条纸)是空后such ideas and inventions(这些想法和发明)的具体的例子。

第3题选A。关键词重复,空前句中will help you与选项A中的also helps重复,句式并列,语篇标识词also表递进关系。

第4题选E。关键词重复法,“Mindfulness”, being focused与选项中的stay calm and attentive语义重复,slow与空后句中的slowly重复。指代一致,选项E中的It指代前句中的“Mindfulness”,上下衔接紧密。

第5题选G。语篇标识词,选项G中的语篇标识词Therefore引出段落总结句。

3. 现象类说明文

Structure

1. 提出问题(疑问句)(arouse problems)

2. 分析问题(analyze the problems by listing advantages and disadvantages 利 / 弊)

3. 总结(make a conclusion)

[实例3]

Security camera

Security cameras are becoming increasingly common in many countries. Before they appeared only in banks and at high-security areas, they are now entering public places such as malls, streets, stadiums. Many people feel this affects their privacy. 1

Security cameras have several benefits. An obvious benefit is that the police can catch criminals in the act, thus reducing crime.

2 They will not be tempted to carry out crimes, and thus society will be a lot safer. 3 Governments do not need to spend large amounts of money on police.

4 The biggest objection concerns privacy. Many people feel that they should be free to travel or move around a shop, mall, street or country without being photographed or recorded. They feel that being watched constantly is like being in a jail, and that ordinary people are losing their freedom because of these devices. Another point is that although the police say that only criminals have something to fear from the cameras, many people do not trust governments with too much information. 5

In conclusion, although there are definite advantages to using devices such as cameras, we need to balance the need for security with respect for the individuals privacy and freedom.

A. Their life was protected by the security cameras.

B. But do the advantages of these cameras outweigh(大于)their negative impact?

C. However, security cameras are far from being a perfect solution.

D. A more important point is that criminals will be deterred(阻吓).

E. Thirdly, cameras and computers can make mistakes.

F. Some people will abuse information

G. Cameras are also cost-effective(划算的).

答案点拨

第1题选B。篇章结构法,第二段谈利(several benefits),第三段谈弊,第四段总结(In conclusion),可见此处应是引出利弊分析的过渡性句子:这些摄像头利大于弊吗?

第2题选D。语篇标识词,空前句提到“An obvious benefit”,按照逻辑顺序,由语篇标识词more importan,可知选项D正好引出第二个好处。

第3题选G。关键词重复法,选项中“cost-effective”与下句“do not need to spend large amounts of money ”语义重复。最让人想到关联的就是cost与money。

第4题选C。篇章结构法,上一段落分析好处,此段则分析弊端;选项C中的表转折的逻辑关系语篇标识词However正好吻合,故选C。

第5题选E。语篇标识词,与由前面The biggest objection ...Another point is that...相吻合的应是Thirdly,故选E。

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