东西南北的英文缩写?（精选8篇）
篇1：东西南北的英文缩写?
south解析：
south这个词既可以是名词，形容词，也可以是副词。当其为名词时，其含义为“南方;南部”，当其为形容词时，其含义为“南部的.;南方的”。当其为副词时，其含义为“向南;朝南”。
例句：
Which way is south?
哪边是南?
Mike lives to the south of the city.
迈克住在城外南边。
篇2：东西南北的英文缩写?
south和southern都有“南部的”的含义，那它们之间有什么区别呢?
south通常所指范围相对比较明确，常用于洲、国家或行政区之类名词前构成地名，当其与这些名词构成地名时，其首字母需大写。southern通常所指范围相对比较模糊，多指某一洲、国家、地区等的`南部。
例句如下：
The pagoda is located on the southern slope of the mountain.
塔位于山的南坡。
They have moved to South Wales.
篇3：东西南北的英文缩写?
为了使语言简练而对词语加以简化、缩略成了新词语产生的途径之一。将一个词缩短是现代英语的一种普遍构词现象[5]。而在刚刚过去的20世纪, 科学技术的飞速发展, 新事物、新概念、新技术层出不穷, 大大超过了以前若干个世纪。社会生活节奏空前加快, 国际间的交往比过去任何时期都更频繁, 所有这些社会因素产生了前所未有的大量压缩词[3], 从而广泛地应用于政治、经济、生活等各个方面。生活中涌现出各种各样的缩写词。
一、首字母缩写词的分类
一般来说, 首字母缩写词可以从形式上分成两类。
1.首字母连写词。
首字母按照开首字母发音[2]。如上文的U.N./ju:`en/ (United Nations:联合国) , U.S.A./ju:es`ei/ (United States of America:美国) 及DPRK/dipi:α:`kei/ (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea:朝鲜民主主义人民共和国) 。
2.首字母拼音词。
首字母拼音词按音标方法读音。如OPEC/`藜upek/ (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries:石油输出国组织) , SALT/s蘅:lt/ (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks:限制战略武器会谈) , UNESCO/ju`nesk藜u/ (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization:联合国教科文组织) [2]。
二、首字母缩写词的构成
1.由各个重要词的首个字母组合而成。这是首字母缩写词最常见, 也是最重要的构成方式。比如:rpm (revolution per minute:每分钟转数) , a.p.r. (annual percentage rate:年百分率) , AALA (American Automotive Leasing Association:美国汽车租借协会) , TOU (Trace Operate Unit:追踪装置, 故障探测装置) 。
2.如果是单个合成词的话, 一般取词的前 (后) 缀和词根的首个字母构成首字母缩写词。比如p.s. (postscript: (信末签名后的) 又及、附笔) 。
3.如果词组中含有合成词和非合成词, 则合成词取词的前 (后) 缀和词根的首个字母, 跟非合成词的首字母一起组成首字母缩写词。p.p.s (post postscriptum:信末附言之后的再附言) , RNA (ribonucleic acid:核糖核酸) , DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid:脱氧核糖核酸) , ESP (extrasensory perception:超感觉的知觉) 。
4.只缩写两个成分组成的词组中的第一个成分或三个成分组成的词组中的前两个成分, 最后一个成分保持不变。例如:H-bomb (Hydrogen bomb:氢弹) , G-man (Government Man, 美国联邦调查局侦探) , D-notice (Defense notice:国务通告) 及V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day:战胜日本纪念日) [2]。
5.利用发音谐音用别的英文字母来代替首字母。如在X.O (extra old:在白兰地酒中用来指酒超纯, 其存放年份在45年以上) 和IOU (I owe you:借据;借条) 这两个词中, 分别用X和U来取代E和Y。这是因为X的发音跟extra的第一个音节类似;而U跟you的发音一样, 这样一来就使得首字母缩写词的意思更为明确, 能使读者从发音猜出单词的意思。
6.利用发音谐音用阿拉伯数字来代替首字母。最常见的就是利用阿拉伯数字中“2”的英文发音[tu:]跟介词to[tu:]的发音一样, 因而用“2”来取代“to”。比如:F2F (face to face:面对面) , b2b (business to business:企业对企业 (也称为商家对商家或商业机构对商业机构) 的电子商务) , b2c (business to customer:企业对消费者 (也称商家对个人客户或商业机构对消费者, 也就是电子商务商业机构对消费者的电子商务, 基本等同于电子零售商业) 。
7.词组中如果有in, of, and和to等介词时, 跟词组其它部分单词的首字母一起组成首字母缩写词时, 可保留该单词的原形。如Rand D (Researchand Development:研究与发展) ;Rand B (Rhythm and Blues:蓝调音乐) ;A.F.of L. (American Federation of Labor:美国劳工联盟) ;B of E (Bank of England:英格兰银行) 。也可以将介词进行简写, 只保留首字母。如RIP (rest in peace:愿灵安眠) , TOT (Time of Transmission:传输时间) , POW (prisoner of war:战俘) 。而有时甚至会省略这些词, 只缩写其它重要词的首字母。例如:AA (Air to Air:空对空) ;AAAS (American Academy of Arts and Sciences:美国艺术与科学研究院) 。
三、对中文的影响
语言都是活的。也就是说, 任何一种语言都会随着时间和环境的变化而变化。比如我们的母语中文就经过了一个漫长的演变史。从古代的文言文到新民主运动时期推崇的白话文, 再经过改革开放, 蜕变成今天的现代中文。其变化是非常巨大的。已经跟原来的文言文完全不同了。现代人如果不经过一定的训练, 是无法跟古人沟通的。那么, 到了现代以后, 中文是不是就止步不前了呢?
答案当然是否定的。进入20世纪80年代以来, 中国加快了改革开放的步伐, 加入WTO (World Trade Organization:世界贸易组织) , 并推行全民学英文行动, 将英文列入中国教育的一部分, 从而使得中文也发生了巨大的变化。不仅多了很多新词汇, 在表述上也越来越现代化。
随着中国人对英语的学习和接受程度日益增长, 英语的首字母缩写词也逐渐为国人所接受。如报纸、新闻上讲到亚太经合组织时常简称为APEC, 称联合国为UN等, 甚至还将首字母缩写方法运用到中文, 从而使中文也衍生了大量新生词汇, 比如BS, LZ, RMB等。
中文对英语首字母缩写词的应用主要体现在以下两方面。
1.直接将英语首字母缩写词应用到中文中。
这是目前最广为认可、最正式的在中文中应用首字母缩写词的方法。像CCTV, APEC, UN和3G (The Third Generation) 手机等单词, 在报纸、杂志、电视和广播中随处可见。
“2002年3月24日, 纽约人寿国际公司董事长兼CEO白嘉礼 (Gary Benanav) 与经合组织 (OBCD) 秘书长唐纳德·约翰斯顿等与国务院副总理温家宝、中国人民银行行长戴相龙等六位中方高层官员共同会诊加入WTO的中国。白嘉礼评估中国大陆的市场说:“中国保费收入仅占国内生产总值 (GDP) 的1%, 较美国的4%—5%, 发展空间极大。”这是摘自《三联生活周刊》2002年第15期刊登的一篇文章。短短的一段话中分别出现了CEO (Chief Executive Officer:首席执行官) , OBCD (Organization of Business Co-operational Department:经济合作组织) , WTO (World Trade Organization:世界贸易组织) , GDP (Gross Domestic Product:国内生产总值) 等缩写词。现在, 这些英语压缩词频频出现并被大众所熟知。这足以说明英语压缩词已被人们接受并在汉语中经常使用[3]。
在引用英文缩写词的时候, 有时候受到字母的限制, 需要将英文缩写与汉字并用, 以增强单词意思。如PC机, SIM卡, ATM机, B超, IP地址, IP电话, SARS病毒, T型台, T恤衫等, 这些已经成了汉语的一部分。
2.模仿英语首字母缩写词的构词方法, 创造出中文独特的首字母缩写词。
中文的“首字母缩写词”主要有以下两种构成方法:
(1) 将词组若干个字的首个拼音字母组合起来。如上面的BS, 其实是由鄙视 (bi shi) 这个词组中“鄙 (bi) ”和“视 (shi) ”的首个拼音拼在一起构成的。以此类推, LZ就是楼主, 而RMB就是人民币 (ren min bi) 。
必须注意的是, 在这类构词法中, 虽然是由汉字首个拼音组合而成的, 但是在发音时, 却是用英文来发音。也就是说, 读的时候必须是将各个字母读成相对应的英文字母发音。比如BS, 发音是“bi:`es”, 而不是拼音发音的“bo s”;
(2) 利用中英文谐音用数字来代替汉字。比如520、1314、745、88和886。在阿拉伯数字中, 5的中文发音是wu, 而2是er, 0则是ling, 听起来就有点像是“我爱你 (wo ai ni) ”。所以, 520指的就是“我爱你”。1314中3的拼音是san, 发音效果跟sheng (生) 也比较类似, 而4 (si) 则类似于世 (shi) 。因此, 就用1314来暗指“一生一世”。至于745, 就是生气时说的“气死我”了。
利用英文谐音用数字取代汉字的方法比较少见, 一般用到的只有88和886。这是由于8的中文发音是bα, 成音效果跟英文的bye[bai]有点相似。因此, 88其实指的就是“bye-bye”或者“goodbye”, 也就是“再见”的意思。886则是中英文的混合运用了。6 (liu) 其实是用中文“了”的谐音 (le) 演变来的。所以, 886其实就是指“再见了”。
模仿英语首字母缩写词的构词方法而创造出来的中文首字母缩写词目前广受网民的拥戴, 在青少年中也广为流传。但是, 这种构词法并未真正为国民、学者们所认可, 尚未普及开来。因此, 在正式刊物、新闻、报纸等还未出现这些流行词语。
三、结语
汉语外来词的缩写形式的一个基本原则是, 大致保留原有的信息, 而且出现频率越高, 简缩的可能性就越大, 其流行方式愈烈。如:随着中国加入世贸组织, WTO (World Trade Organization) 可谓家喻户晓, 深入人心。2005年随着超女大赛的火爆, “PK”频繁进入人们视线。这个词源自英语短语“player killing”, 本来是游戏专有名词, 指游戏中玩家相互战斗的模式, 后来又被网络游戏和媒体广泛使用。现在的“PK”, 综合了“淘汰、胜利、打擂、竞争、二选一”等含义。“PK”被收入2005年十大网络流行语言之一。这再次印证了在并存的语言形式中, 人们往往习惯于选择音节简短的表达[5]。
正是由于人们对倾向于使用音节简短的表达, 才使得缩写词在中文中越来越受欢迎。当前汉语中字母词的大量涌现说明:中国跨文化的交际在深度和广度上都达到了空前的发展[4]。缩写词的大量涌现, 正是中文不断创新、与时俱进的良好证明。然而, 由于网络和现代传媒的影响, 如何正确引导中文正确、健康地发展, 将是非常值得学者们思考的问题。
摘要：该文探讨了英文首字母缩写词的分类、构成及其对中文的影响。缩写词是现代英语的一种普遍构词现象, 也是英语词汇的一个重要组成成分, 被广泛地应用于政治、经济、生活等各个方面。受到英文首字母缩写词的影响, 中文也发展了自己独特的缩写词。尽管这种构词方式尚未真正普及, 但已受到了很多人的追捧。
关键词：英文首字母缩写词,构成,中文,影响
参考文献
[1]艾迪生·维斯理·朗文出版公司辞典部.当代高级英语辞典 (英英·英汉双解) [Z].北京:商务印书馆, 1998.
[2]管延祥.英语首字母词研究[J].烟台师范学院学报 (哲学社会科学版) , 2002, (6) .
[3]陈国芳.20世纪的语言现象——压缩词[J].兰州商学院学报, 2003, (4) .
[4]薛笑丛.现代汉语中字母词研究综述[J].汉语学习, 2007, (4) .
[5]黄卫平.现代汉语中英语借词及其社会文化心理探析[J].十堰职业技术学院学报, 2007, (8) .
[6]李静.浅论英语缩写词的类型构建及应用规律[J].青海师范大学学报, 2003, (4) .
篇4：发短信常用的英文缩写
我们常用首字母缩写，此外，单独的字母也可能取代听起来类似的单词。看看这些例子：
OIC － Oh I see
BFN － Bye for now
LOL － Laughing out loud
ASAP － As soon as possible
BTW － By the way...
JK － Just kidding
TTYL － Talk to you later
缩写时也可去掉不必要的部分同时保持意思明确。元音常被去除，但仍能辨别出单词一般发音。数字8有时代表eight的音，因此later 变成了l8r。数字4也常用于替代for ，就像2取代to。看这些SMS的缩写：
Plz － Please
Thx － Thanks
Cya － See you
L8r － Later
K － OK
U － You
R － Are
B4 － Before
2morro － Tomorrow
篇5：英文缩写的总结
有次和外国客户发邮件。有个LMK的缩写。想了半天，后天查了网络，才知道是LET ME KNOW 的意思。我没有想的那么正确。所以知道一些简单的缩写是很有必要的，我在网上查了一些。不知道你们之前看过没。
数字：
= to/too
2B or not 2B = To be or not to be
= for
4ever = forever
A：
ASL = Age/Sex/Location
AFAIC = As Far As I’m Concerned
AFAIK = As Far As I Know
AFK = Away From Keyboard
AIAMU = And I’m A Monkey’s Uncle
AISI = As I See It
AKA = Also Known As
AMBW = All My Best Wishes
ANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web Sponsor
AOTS = All Of The Sudden
ASAFP = As Soon As “Friggin” Possible
ASAP = As Soon As Possible
ATST = At The Same Time
AWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again
AWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh Again
AYSOS = Are You Stupid Or Something
B：
B4 = Before
B4N = Bye For Now
BBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by Mattel
BBIAB = Be Back In A Bit
BBIAF = Be Back In A Few
BBL = Be Back Later
BBN = Bye Bye Now
BCNU = Be Seein’ You
BF = Boyfriend
BFD = Big Fing Deal
BFN = Bye For Now
BHOF = Bald Headed Old Fart
BIF = Basis In Fact
BITD = Back In The Day
Biz = Business
BM = Byte Me
BMOTA = Byte Me On The Ass
BNF = Big Name Fan
BOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes Again
BR = Bathroom
BRB = Be Right Back
BRT = Be Right There
BS = Big Smile
BT = Byte This
BTDT = Been There Done That
BTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of Me
BTW = By The Way
BTWBO = Be There With Bells On
BWDIK = But What Do I Know?
BWO = Black, White or Other
C：
Cam = Web Camera
CIAO = Goodbye(in Italian)
CID = Consider It Done
CIO = Check It Out
CIS = CompuServe Information Service
CMF = Count My Fingers
Cof$ = Church of Scientology
CRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing Thing
CRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh
CSL = Can’t Stop Laughing
CTC = Choaking The Chicken
CU = See You
CUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You Later
CWYL = Chat With You Later
CYA = Cover Your Ass
D：
DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You Read
DD = Due Diligence
DDD = Direct Distance Dial
DETI = Don’t Even Think It
DGT = Don’t Go There
DHYB = Don’t Hold Your Breath
DIIK = Damned If I Known
DILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A damn
DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A Sh
DKDC = Don’t Know Don’t Care
DL = Download
DLTM = Don’t Lie To Me
DQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day Job
DRIB = Don’t Read If Busy
DS = Dunce Smiley
DYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That Thing
E：
EG = Evil Grin
EOM = End Of Message
ESO = Equipment Smarter than Operator
F：
F2F/FTF = Face To Face
FAQ = Frequently Asked Question
FBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and Seat
FE = For Example/Fatal Error
FF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures New
FOAF = Friend Of A Friend
FTASB = Faster Than A Speeding Bullet
FT = Faint
FTL = Faster Than Light
FTTB = For The Time Being
FUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All Recognition
FUBB = Fed Up Beyond Belief
FUD =(Spreading)Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation
FWIW = For What It’s Worth
FYA = For Your Amusement
FYI = For Your Information
FYM = For Your Misinformation
G：
G2G = Got To Go
G8T/GR8 = Great
GAL = Get A Life
GDGD = Good,Good
GF = girlfriend
GG = Good Game/Gotta Go
GIGO = Garbage In, Garbage Out
GIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said That
GL = Good Luck
GLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do I
GMTA = Great Minds Think Alike
GNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For You
GR&D = Grinning Running And Ducking
GRRRR = “Growling”
GSOAS = Go Sit On A Snake
GTG = Got To Go
GTGB = Got To Go, Bye
GTGP = Got To Go Pee
GTH = Go To Hell
GTSY = Glad To See Ya
GYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN.H：
HAGO = Have A Good One
HAK = Hugs And Kisses
HB = Hurry Back
HD = Hold
HHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half Kidding
HHOK = Ha Ha, Only Kidding
HIOOC = Help!I’m Out Of Coffee
Howz = How is
HTH = Hope This(That)Helps
HUA = Heads Up Ace
HUYA = Head Up You’re a
I：
IAC = In Any Case
IAE = In Any Event
IANAC = I Am Not A Crook
IANAL = I Am Not A Lawyer
IBT = In Between Technology
IBTD = I Beg To Differ
IC = I See/In Character
IDGAF = I Don’t Give A F
IDGI = I Don’t Get It
IDK = I Don’t Know
IDKY = I Don’t Know You
IDST = I Didn’t Say That
IDTS = I Don’t Think So
IFAB = I Found A Bug
IFU = I Fed Up
IGGP = I Gotta Go Pee
IIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot Outside
IIMAD = If It Makes An(y)Difference
IIRC = If I Remember Correctly
IIWM = If It Were Me
ILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My Keyboard
ILY = I Love You
IMHO = In My Humble Opinion
IMNSHO = In My Not So Humble Opinion
IMO = In My Opinion
INMP = It’s Not My Problem
INPO = In No Particular Order
IOH = I’m Outta Here
IOW = In Other Words
IRL = In Real Life
ISS = I Said So
ITM = In The Money
IYKWIM = If You Know What I Mean
IYSS = If You Say So
J：
J/C = Just Checking
J/K = Just Kidding!
J/W = Just Wondering
JAFO = Just Another Fing Onlooker
K：
K/KK = OK/OK, OK
KFY = Kiss For You
KISS = Keep It Simple Stupid
KIT = Keep In Touch
KMA = Kiss My Ass
KWIM = Know What I Mean
KX = kiss
KYPO = Keep Your Pants On
L：
L8R = Later
LD = Long Distance
LDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp Again
LLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause
LMAO = Laughing My Ass Off
LMK = Let Me Know
LOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love)
LTIC = Laughing ’Til I Cry
LTNS = Long Time No See
LYL = Love Ya Lots
LYLAS = Love You Like A Sister
M：
M8T = Mate
MHOTY = My Hat’s Off To You
MM = Market Maker
MorF = Male or Female?
MOTD = Message Of The Day
MOTSS = Members Of The Same Sex
MTFBWY = May The Force Be With You
MWBRL = More Will Be Revealed Later
MYOB = Mind Your Own Business
N：
N = And/Know/Now
NAK = Nursing At Keyboard
NAZ = Name, Address, Zip(also means Nasdaq)
NBD = No Big Deal
NBIF = No Basis In Fact
NFI = No Fing Idea
NFW = No Fing Way
NIFOC = Nude In Front Of The Computer
NM = Never Mind
NMP = Not My Problem
NMU = Nothing Much You
NOYB = None Of Your Business
NP = No Problem
NQOCD = Not Quite Our Class Dear
NRG = Energy
NRN = No Reply Necessary
NYCFS = New York City Finger Saluet
O：
OAUS = On An Unrelated Subject
OBTW = Oh, By The Way
OIC = Oh, I See
OICU = Oh, I See You
OMDB = Over My Dead Body
OMG = Oh My God/Oh My Gosh
OMIK = Open Mouth, Insert Keyboard
ONNA = Oh No, Not Again
OOC = Out Of Character
OOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The Blue
OT = Off Topic
OTOH = On The Other Hand
OWTTE = Or Words To That Effect
OZ = stands for “Australia”
P：
PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard
PEM = Privacy Enhanced Mail
Pic = Picture
PIMP = Peeing In My Pants
PITA = Pain In The Ass
PLS/PLZ = Please
PMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping In
PO = Piss Off
POS = Parents Over Shoulder
POV = Point Of View
PPL = People
Pro = Professional
PS = By The Way/Photoshop
T：
TAH = Take A Hike
TANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch
TARFU = Things Are Really Fed Up
TDTM = Talk Dirty To Me
TEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know It
TFN = Thanks For Nothin’
THX/TX/THKS = Thanks
TIA = Thanks In Advance
TIAIL = Think I Am In Love
TIC = Tongue In Cheek
TLA = Three Letter Acronym
TLGO = The List Goes On
TM = Trust Me
TMI = Too Much Information
TMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do It
TPTB = The Powers That Be
TSR = Totally Stuck in RAM
TTFN = Ta Ta For Now
TTT = That’s The Ticket/To The Top
TTUL/TTYL = Talk To You Later
TWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A Bit
TY = Thank You
TYVM = Thank You Very Much
U：
U = You
UR = Your
U R = You are
unPC = unPolitically Correct
URYY4M = You Are Too Wise For Me
V：
VFM = Values For Money
VG = Very Good
W：
WAG = Wild Ass Guess
WAI = What An Idiot
WB = Welcome Back
WCA = Who Cares Anyway
WDYS = What Did You Say?
WDYT = What Do You Think?
WE = Whatever
WEG = Wicked Evil Grin
WG = Wicked Grin
WGAFF = Who Gives A Flying F
WIIFM = What’s In It For Me?
WIT = Wordsmith In Training
WITFITS = What in the F is this Sh
WOG = Wise Old Guy
Wot/Wut = What
WRT = With Respect To/With Regard To
WTF = What The F
WTG = Way To Go!
WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t Shine
WYMM = Will You Marry Me
WYP = What’s Your Problem?
WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?
WYS = Whatever You Say
WYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get
WYT = Whatever You Think
X：
X U = Kiss You
Y：
Y = Why
Ya = You
YA = Yet Another
YAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got It
YDKM = You Don’t Know Me
Yep/Yup = Yes
YGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’
YMMV = Your Mileage May Vary
YNK = You Never Know
YOYO = You’re On Your Own
YR = Yeah, Right
YSYD = Yeah, Sure You Do
YTTT = You Telling The Truth?
篇6：因为的英文缩写
The failure is the result of our lack of foresight.
不要因为一点挫折就感到苦恼。
Don’t get frustrated just because of a few setbacks.
不要因为包庇他而成为该案的帮凶。
Don’t become an accessory to the crime by trying to protect him.
字迹因为沾了墨水而变得模糊。
The writing was blurred with ink.
他仅仅因为有嫌疑而被拘留了七天。
篇7：各总监的英文缩写
酒店职位英文缩写GM---GENERAL MANAGER 总经理 DGM---DUTY GENERAL MANAGER 副总 DOR---DIRECTOR OF ROOMS 客务部总监
AM---ASSISTANT MANAGER 大堂经理（住店时投诉可以找的人）FIN---FINANCE 财务部
DOF---DIRECTOR OF FINANCE 财务总监
DOM---DIRECTOR OF SALES&MARKETING 销售部总监 FO---FRONT OFFICE 前厅部
FOM---FRONT OFFICE MANAGER 前厅部经理 FD---FRONT DESK 前台
CONC---CONCIERGE 礼宾部
BC---BUSINESS CENTER 商务中心 F&B---FOOD&BEVERAGE 餐饮部 ENG---ENGINEERING 工程部 HK---HOUSEKEEPING 客房部
HR---HUMAN RESOURCES 人力资源部
市场营销部sales & Marketing Division 销售部Sales Department 公关部Public Relation Department 预订部Reservation Department 客务部Room Division 前厅部Front Office Department 管家部Housekeeping Department 餐饮部Food & Beverage Department 康乐部Recreation and Entertainment Department 工程部Engineering Department 保安部Security Department 行政部Rear-Service Department 商场部Shopping Arcade 人力资源开发总监Director of Human Resources 人事部经理Personnel Manager 培训部经理Training Manager 督导部经理Quality Inspector 人事主任Personnel Officer 培训主任Training Officer 财务总监Financial Controller 财务部经理Chief Accountant 成本部经理Cost Controller 采购部经理Purchasing Manager 采购部主管Purchasing Officer 电脑部经理EDP Manager 总出纳Chief Cashier 市场营销总监Director of Sales and Marketing 销售部经理Director of Sales 公关经理P.R.Manager 宴会销售经理Banquet Sales Manager 销售经理Sales Manager 宴会销售主任Banquet Sales Officer 销售主任Sales Officer 高级销售代表 Senior Sales Executive 销售代表 Sales Executive 公关代表 P.R.Representative Executive Office总行政办公室
宾客关系主任Guest Relation Officer 公关部经理Public Relation Manager 公关部主任Public Relation Supervisor 客户经理Account Manager 高级客户经理Senior Account Manager 资深美工Senior Artist 美工Artist 销售部联络主任Sales Coordinator 资深销售中心预订员Sales Center Senior Reservation Clerk 销售中心主任Sales Center Supervisor 礼宾部经理Chief Concierge 行李员Bellboy 女礼宾员Door Girl 礼宾司Door Man Accounting财务部
Sales & Marketing Dept.营销部 General Manager总经理
Human Resource & Training Dept.人力资源及培训部 Deputy General Manager常务副总经理 Room Division房务部
Food & Beverage Dept.餐饮部 Purchasing Dept.采购部
Electronic Data Processing Dept.电脑部 Security Dept.保安部 Engineer Dept.工程部
客房总监Director of Housekeeping 前厅部经理Front Office Manager 前厅部副经理Asst.Front Office Manager 大堂副理Assistant Manager 礼宾主管Chief Concierger 客务主任Guest Relation Officer 接待主管Chief Concierge 接待员Receptionist 车队主管Chief Driver 出租车订车员Taxi Service Clerk 行政管家Executive Housekeeper 行政副管家Assistant Executive Housekeeper 办公室文员Order Taker 客房高级主任Senior Supervisor 楼层主管Floor supervisor 楼层领班Floor Captain 客房服务员Room Attendant 洗衣房经理Laundry Manager 餐饮总监F&B Director 餐饮部经理F&B Manager 西餐厅经理Western Restaurant Manager 中餐厅经理Chinese Restaurant Manager 咖啡厅经理Coffee Shop Manager 餐饮部秘书F&B Secretary 领班Captain 迎宾员Hostess 服务员Waiter ,waitress 传菜Bus Boy, Bus Girl 行政总厨Executive chef 中厨师长Sous Chef(Chinese Kitchen)西厨师长Sous Chef(Western Kitchen)西饼主管Chief Baker 工程总监Chief Engineer 工程部经理Engineering Manager 值班工程师Duty Engineer 保安部经理Security Manager 保安部副经理Asst.Security Manager 保安部主任Security Manager 保安员Security Manager 商场部经理Shop Manager 商场营业员Shop Assistant 市场营销部=Sales&Marketing Department 礼宾司=Chief Concierge 房务部=Room Division 康体部=Recreation Department 娱乐部=Entertainment Department 销售部总监=Director of Sales 高级销售代表=Senior Sales Representative 销售代表=Sales Representative 行政总厨=Executive chief
酒店职位英文简称
市场营销部sales & Marketing Division 销售部Sales Department Public Relation Department 预订部Reservation Department
客务部Room Division
前厅部Front Office Department 管家部Housekeeping Department 餐饮部Food & Beverage Department
康乐部Recreation and Entertainment Department 工程部Engineering Department 保安部Security Department 行政部Rear-Service Department 商场部Shopping Arcade
总监Director of Human Resources 经理Personnel Manager
培训部经理Training Manager 督导部经理Quality Inspector 人事主任Personnel Officer 培训主任Training Officer 财务总监Financial Controller 经理Chief Accountant
成本部经理Cost Controller
采购部经理Purchasing Manager 采购部主管Purchasing Officer 电脑部经理EDP Manager 总出纳Chief Cashier
市场营销总监Director of Sales and Marketing 销售部经理Director of Sales P.R.Manager
宴会销售经理Banquet Sales Manager 销售经理Sales Manager
宴会销售主任Banquet Sales Officer 销售主任Sales Officer
高级销售代表 Senior Sales Executive 销售代表 Sales Executive 公关代表 P.R.Representative Executive Office总行政办公室
宾客关系主任Guest Relation Officer 公关部经理Public Relation Manager 公关部主任Public Relation Supervisor 客户经理Account Manager
高级客户经理Senior Account Manager 资深美工Senior Artist 美工Artist
销售部联络主任Sales Coordinator
资深销售中心预订员Sales Center Senior Reservation Clerk 销售中心主任Sales Center Supervisor 礼宾部经理Chief Concierge 行李员Bellboy 女礼宾员Door Girl 礼宾司Door Man Accounting财务部
Sales & Marketing Dept.营销部
General Manager总经理
Human Resource & Training Dept.人力资源及培训部
Deputy General Manager常务副总经理
Room Division房务部
Food & Beverage Dept.餐饮部
Purchasing Dept.采购部
Electronic Data Processing Dept.电脑部
Security Dept.保安部
Engineer Dept.工程部
客房总监Director of Housekeeping 前厅部经理Front Office Manager
前厅部副经理Asst.Front Office Manager 大堂副理Assistant Manager 礼宾主管Chief Concierger
客务主任Guest Relation Officer 接待主管Chief Concierge 接待员Receptionist 车队主管Chief Driver
出租车订车员Taxi Service Clerk 行政管家Executive Housekeeper
行政副管家Assistant Executive Housekeeper Order Taker
客房高级主任Senior Supervisor 楼层主管Floor supervisor 楼层领班Floor Captain
客房服务员Room Attendant 洗衣房经理Laundry Manager 餐饮总监F&B Director 餐饮部经理F&B Manager
西餐厅经理Western Restaurant Manager 中餐厅经理Chinese Restaurant Manager 经理Coffee Shop Manager 餐饮部秘书F&B Secretary 领班Captain 迎宾员Hostess
服务员Waiter ,waitress 传菜Bus Boy, Bus Girl 行政总厨Executive chef
中长Sous Chef(Chinese Kitchen)
西厨师长Sous Chef(Western Kitchen)西饼主管Chief Baker 工程总监Chief Engineer
工程部经理Engineering Manager 值班工程师Duty Engineer
保安部经理Security Manager
保安部副经理Asst.Security Manager 保安部主任Security Manager 保安员Security Manager 商场部经理Shop Manager 商场营业员Shop Assistant
各总监的英文缩写--会经常搞错的英文缩写
CEO(Chief executive officer)首席执行官 类似总经理、总裁，是企业的法人代表。COO(Chief operating officer)首席运营官 类似常务总经理 CFO(Chief financial officer)首席财务官 类似财务总经理 CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官 类似总工程师
CIO(Chief information officer)首席信息官 主管企业信息的收集和发布
CAO: Art 艺术总监
CBO: Business 商务总监
CCO: Content 内容总监
CDO: Development 开发总监 CEO: Executive 首席执行官
CFO: Finance 财务总监
CGO: Government 政府关系
CHO: Human resource 人事总监 CIO: Information 技术总监
CJO: Jet 把营运指标都加一个或多个零使公司市值像火箭般上升的人 CKO: Knowledge 知识总
CLO: Labour 工会主席
CMO: Marketing 市场总监
CNO: Negotiation 首席谈判代表 COO: Operation 首席营运官
CPO: Public relation 公关总监 CQO: Quality control 质控总监 CRO: Research 研究总监
CSO: Sales 销售总监
CTO: Technology 首席技术官 CUO: User 客户总监
CVO: Valuation 评估总监
CWO: Women 妇联主席
CXO: 什么都可以管的不管部部长 CYO: Yes 什么都点头的老好人 CZO: 现在排最后,等待接班的太子
在公司里呆久了，高层职位一般如何用英语表达呢？下面汇总了一些职位，帮大家做个备份吧。
首席执行官【CEO】：Chief Executive Officer 首席财务官【CFO】：Chief Financial Officer 首席运营官【COO】：Chief Operated Officer 首席技术官【CTO】：Chief Technology Officer 首席信息官【CIO】：Chief Information Officer 首席风险官【CRO】：Chief Risk Officer 艺术总监 【CAO】：chief Artistic officer 首席品牌官【CBO】：chief brand officer 首席文化官【CCO】：Chief Cultural Officer 开发总监 【CDO】：chief Development officer 人事总监 【CHO】：Chief Human resource officer 首席知识官【CKO】：chief knowledge officer 首席市场官【CMO】：chief Marketing officer 首席谈判官【CNO】：chief Negotiation officer 公关总监 【CPO】：chief Public relation officer 质量总监 【CQO】：chief Quality officer 销售总监 【CSO】：chief Sales officer 评估总监 【CVO】：chief Valuation officer 总经理 【GM 】：General Manager 副总裁 【VP 】：Vice President 第一副总裁【FVP】：First Vice President 副总裁助理【AVP】：Assistant Vice President 人力资源总监【HRD】：Human Resource Director 运营总监 【OD 】：Operations Director 市场总监 【MD 】：Marketing Director 运作经理 【OM 】：Operations Manager 生产经理 【PM 】：Production Manager 产品经理 【PM 】：Product Manager 项目经理 【PM 】：Project Manager
注：这里面变化比较多，要结合谈话时的背景来判断究竟是指哪种身份)
篇8：李安：融合东西方（英文）
Lee was born in 1954 in Taiwan.In 1975, he graduated from the National Taiwan College of Arts, after which he went to the United States to continue his studies.There, he earned a Bachelor’s Degree (学士学位) in Theater and a Master’s in Film Production.
After graduation, Ang Lee pursued a career in the US.But as a foreign director, he found it tough going.He had to wait 6 years before he finally got his break.
Writing screenplays for directors was routine for Lee during those early years.His wife took on all the responsibility of making ends meet (量入为出) for the family.Years of being a househusband made Lee a mild person with excellent cooking skills.His experiences later helped serve as subject matter for his movies.
1990 saw a turning point in Lee’s career.He entered two scripts in an official competition in Taiwan.He won both first and second places with Pushing Hands and The Wedding Banquet.
Pushing Hands is a comedy-drama about generational and cultural differences.Its central metaphor (隐喻) is the father’s Tai-Chi technique of Pushing Hands.The culture clash becomes evident when the father goes to live with his son in America and takes a shine to a Chinese cooking instructor.In the film, the father is played by Taiwan actor Sihung Lung, who also plays the patriarch (家长) in Lee’s The Wedding Banquet and Eat Drink Man Woman.Together, these three films comprise a trilogy that Lee himself calls Father Knows Best.
Pushing Hands was a big hit that also attracted considerable attention from film critics.The film earned Lee eight nominations in Taiwan’s Golden Horse Awards, and he eventually won the Best Director of the Jury Prize.
A seemingly unlikely choice to film the screen adaptation of a classic British novel, Lee was then hired to direct Sense and Sensibility.It was his first fully English-language movie.Adapted from Jane Austen’s classic and starring Emma Thompson, the movie earned rave reviews (如潮的好评) .In many ways, it has a lot in common with his earlier productions, which focus on miscommunication and the effect of a patriarch on his family.Sense and Sensibility received seven Oscar nominations, and won the Golden Bear Award at the Berlin Film Festival.
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is considered one of Lee’s greatest works.The movie is an exciting cocktail of different genres—historical romance, martial arts and the classic American Western—that has had massive audience appeal.The picture caused an international sensation (轰动) and earned ten Academy Award nominations.The four trophies he eventually won include an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film.This makes Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon the first Asian film to win the Oscar.It is also the highest grossing (总收入) foreign-language movie ever released in America.
Ang Lee said:“The biggest attraction for an audience is to have something really fresh.Once you lose that, no one will appreciate your work.”
Ang Lee’s latest movie of 2012 Life of Pi is based on the novel of the same name by Canadian writer Yann Martel.It tells the tale of a young boy named Pi, who is the only person to survive a sinking cargo ship.He finds himself on a lifeboat with an orangutan (猩猩) , a hyena (鬣狗) , a wounded zebra and a Bengal tiger.During this unlikely journey, young Pi questions and reassures his belief in god and the meaning of life.
The novel was once considered impossible to make into a movie, but Lee persuaded 20th Century Fox to invest$120 million and heavily relied on 3D special effects in post-production.The movie made its commercial premiere (首映) during the Thanksgiving weekend of 2012in the US and worldwide.
Ang Lee said he was nervous throughout the four-year shoot about ensuring the$120 million art house movie (文艺片) had general appeal.However he has received positive reviews so far.
Lee said, “Watching an art house film you can think and explore philosophical issues, but for a popular film we also need to make the audience feel touched, and that was the most difficult part.”
The majority of the film was shot in Taiwan.The director drafted in a 150-member team from around the world, including experts in 3D, animation and visual art.A large water tank was built at a studio in Taichung, in central Taiwan.
Lee said, “I haven’t seen anyone do well making realistic water in 3D, so I built up a water tank and tried my best to create something different.It was like doing an experiment in a laboratory.I worked with a group of 3D visual artists, great animation designers from the movie Titanic and Water War and we have made some very creative animation in 3D.”
Life of Pi stars Suraj Sharma.For the19-year old, being part of the movie has been life-changing.He says he was lucky to be chosen by Ang Lee to star in the film and has learned a lot from him.
Actor Suraj Sharma said, “What makes him special, at least for me, is the fact that he is a great director but more than that he is a great human being.I got lucky because he chose me and showed me no matter how big you get, as long as you keep your feet on the ground everything will be OK.”
Ang Lee’s Life of Pi won four Oscars on Feb.24, 2013 at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Director for Lee himself.
Filmography