pursue的形容词形式

2024-05-07

pursue的形容词形式(通用17篇)

篇1:pursue的形容词形式

He continued to pursue his goal of becoming an actor.

他继续追求他成为演员的目标。

It became harder for women married to diplomats to pursue their own interests

与外交官结婚的女性要追求自己的爱好就变得更加困难了。

Police pursued the car at high speed.

警察高速追赶那辆汽车。

We intend to pursue this policy with determination.

我们准备坚决贯彻这项政策。

We have tried to pursue a policy of neutrality.

我们力行中立的政策。

篇2:pursue的形容词形式

接受腿部动手术时,她一直醒着。

I was finding it hard to stay awake.

我已困得难熬。

He lies awake at night worrying about his job.

他担心工作,夜晚躺在床上睡不着。

Suddenly he found himself awake and fully alert.

突然他发觉自己醒了过来,而且高度警觉。

His speech is bound to awake old fears and hostilities.

篇3:浅析影响形容词比较级形式的因素

一、形容词比较级的定义、分类及比较级形式

(一) 定义

在语法书中, 形容词的比较级定义为一样东西或人比另一样东西或人更…… (张道真2008) 。

(二) 形容词的分类

对于形容词而言, 大部分形容词是可比较的, 但是有一部分是不可比较的。Quirketal将形容词分为动态形容词和静态形容词, 他认为, 所有的动态形容词和大多数静态形容词是有比较级的, 有些静态形容词是没有比较级的。这些没有比较级的静态形容词主要是由一些名词派生和表示起源的形容词构成, 如atomic和British, 在英语教学中区分形容词有无比较级是学习比较级的基础。

(三) 比较级形式

一般认为, 形容词的比较级形式有三种, 分别为:①在形容词词尾加-er, 即综合形式 (synthetic/inflectional comparison) , 如bigger;②在形容词前加more, 即分析形式 (analytic/periphrastic comparison) , 如more difficult;③特殊形式, 如little的比较级为less。有的学者认为形容词的比较级还有双重比较级的形式, 如“Every time you ask me not to hum, I’ll hum more louder”, 在剧作家Shakespeare的作品Julius Caesar中也出现过双重比较级“This was the most unkindest cut of all.”双重比较级的使用仅是少部分的, 且在目前中学教学中多被认为是不正确的形式。

二、影响形容词比较级形式的因素

除比较级形式为特殊形式的形容词外, 语言使用者在形成英语形容词比较级形式时, 通常要面对选择综合形式还是分析形式作为该形容词的比较级。目前, 在各种语法书中所介绍的判断形容词比较级的方法是判断单词的音节个数以及单词词尾部分 (以辅音结尾还是以元音结尾) 。一般来说, 对于可比较的形容词, 若音节个数为三个或三个以上, 形容词的比较级选用分析形式 (如more beautiful) ;若为单音节形容词, 则习惯使用综合形式 (如bigger) ;而对于双音节形容词, 则通常是既可用综合形式也可用分析形式 (如friendlier与more friendly) 。

通过判断音节个数来选择形容词比较级形式是一种简单易学的方法。然而笔者通过观察发现, 有些形容词不能用判断音节个数的方法来解释其比较级所采用的形式, 如fun, 按音节个数判断, fun的比较级形式应为综合形式, 然而, 笔者通过对COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) 语料库的检索, 发现fun的比较级形式更多地使用分析形式, 即more fun。为此, 笔者通过研读国内外一些学者对比较级形式的研究成果, 发现影响比较级形式的因素不仅有音素 (即以音节个数来判断比较级形式) , 还有其他因素。

(一) 音素因素

正如一些语法书上介绍的, 单音节形容词的比较级多用综合形式;三音节及三音节以上的多音节形容词使用分析形式;双音节形容词既可使用综合形式也可使用分析形式。然而在如下5种情况中, 音节个数对形容词比较级形式的影响与语法书介绍的则有所不同。

1. 对于形容词为分词形式的单音节词汇 (如bored) , 语法学家认为, 这些形容词的比较级需要使用分析形式 (如more bored) 。

2.有些单音节形容词在形成比较级时, 若使用综合形式会产生歧义, 因而该形容词的比较级更多使用分析形式, 而最高级则仍可使用综合形式。如strange在形成比较级时若用综合形式, 则易与stranger (名词, 陌生人) 产生歧义。因此, 建议strange的比较级采用分析形式 (more strange) 。

3.张道真认为, 对于real, just, full, like, right和french这几个单音节形容词的比较级形式倾向于使用分析形式。然而他只是列举出这些倾向于使用分析形式的单音节形容词, 并未对其原因进行说明。

4.通常三音节及三音节以上的多音节形容词的比较级使用的是分析形式, 然而对于一些复合形容词 (如hard-working) , 其前半部分 (hard) 在单独形成比较级时使用综合形式的 (harder) , 该复合形容词的比较级则也可使用综合形式 (harder-working) 。同时, 一些可使用综合形式作为比较级的双音节形容词由于在加上un-, im-, ig-等否定前缀后成为三音节形容词, 这些词的比较级形式也可以使用综合形式 (如unlucky, impolite, ignoble的比较级可为unluckier, impoliter, ignobler) 。

5.重音在第二个音节的双音节形容词 (如polite) , 以及以-y, -ly, -ow和-le结尾的双音节形容词 (如narrow) 的比较级倾向于使用综合形式;以辅音结尾且重音在第二个音节的双音节形容词 (如correct) , 以及现在分词和过去分词形式的双音节形容词 (如interesting与worried) 的比较级使用分析形式。而张道真表示, 一些如cleanly, kindly, lowly等双音节形容词的比较级只能使用综合形式。

(二) 形态因素

语法学家主要从两个方面研究形态因素对形容词比较级形式的影响, 即派生与非派生形容词。

1. 派生形容词

语法学家通过研究发现派生形容词的比较级形式分为三种, 分别是更多使用综合形式、更多使用分析形式以及综合形式和分析形式均可使用。其中, 由名词派生且以-y和-ly结尾的形容词 (如noisy和friendly) 的比较级倾向于使用综合形式 (即noisier和friendlier) 。而对于以派生/l/结尾的双音节形容词 (如special) , 以-ful结尾的派生形容词 (如useful) , 以及在双音节形容词前加前缀un-构成三音节形容词 (如untidy) 的词汇的比较级形式更多地使用分析形式 (即more special, more useful, more untidy) 。对于其他一些以-y, -ly结尾的派生形容词, 一些语法学家对它们的比较级形式存在分歧。有些学者认为需采用综合形式, 而有些学者则认为需采用分析形式, 还有些学者认为既可使用综合形式也可使用分析形式 (如luckier和more lucky) 。

2. 非派生形容词

学者研究发现, 很多非派生双音节形容词的比较级多使用综合形式, 尤其是以-ly, -y以及/l/结尾的非派生形容词 (如early, easy, simple) 的比较级形式更倾向于采用综合形式 (即earlier, easier, simpler) 。

综上所述, 语法学家对以-ly与-y结尾的形容词, 不管该词是派生的还是非派生的, 对于该类词汇的比较级是采用综合形式还是分析形式存在不同的意见。在国内的研究中, 很少研究句法因素和语义因素对形容词比较级形式选择的影响。

(三) 句法因素

学者主要是从形容词比较级作表语、作定语以及一些形容词比较级在特殊句式中所采用的形式三个方面研究句法因素对形容词比较级形式的影响。

1. 比较级作表语与定语的区别

语法学家Leech&Culpeper通过研究10个形容词的比较级在句法因素中既可使用综合形式也可使用分析形式发现, 这些形容词在句子中作表语时, 其比较级形式倾向于使用分析形式;而作定语时, 则更倾向于使用综合形式。且对于一些以-ly结尾的双音节形容词的比较级, 它们作表语时倾向于使用分析形式, 作定语时倾向于采用综合形式。

2. 特殊句式中的形容词

语法学家Leech&Culpeper发现, 一些单音节形容词的比较级, 当它们在以下两种特殊句式中倾向于采用分析形式:①句子中通过than进行比较, 如“I am more proud of this card than of this badge.”。②有程度副词进行修饰的, 如“Edward’s face was still more pale and drawn.”。而国内学者郭明的研究与Leech&Culpeper的研究有所区别, 主要为:①某些形容词只有在作表语时且后面需有than引导的分句时, 其比较级才更多使用分析形式;而如果than后面是其他代词等短语而不是一个完整的从句时, 其比较级形式就可以是综合形式。如“John is more mad than Bob is.”与“This car is bigger than that one.”。②当在不同的时间、状态或特征下对同一个人或同一件事进行比较时, 此时形容词的比较级倾向于使用分析形式, 如“He is more lucky than clever.” (郭明1997) 。

3. 句子中有两个或两个以上的比较级结构

当句子中出现两个或多个比较级结构时, 句子中的比较级会倾向于使用同一种形式。如“Their achievement becomes more impressive and their status more clear if we realize.”。

(四) 语义因素

语法家Mandorf通过假设形容词的比较级修饰抽象意义与具体意义词汇的不同来判断选择比较级形式。通过网络数据调查发现, 当形容词的比较级在修饰抽象意义的词汇时更倾向于使用分析形式, 而在修饰具体意义的词汇时则更倾向于使用综合形式。如:

When the air is cold and the city’s narrower streets lie in shade, the Zattere hoards the sun’s rays.

What we’re really looking at is a comprehensive reform rather than a more narrow reform.

以上两个例句中, street相比reform而言更为具体。

结束语

通过以上分析可知, 形容词的比较级形式受多种因素的影响。不仅可以从音节个数来判断比较级的形式, 还可以通过形态、句法和语义因素来判断其形式。教师在教授学生学习形容词的比较级时, 要注意引导学生区别无比较级的形容词;同时, 要丰富学生判断比较级形式的方法。

参考文献

郭明.1997.关于英语比较级的屈折式与迂回式[J].宝鸡文理学院学报 (人文社科版) , (1) :77-81.

篇4:形容词比较级的形式和用法

(1)规则变化

1)单音节和少数以-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节词,在词尾加-er。

例词:

原级比较级

wildwilder

calmcalmer

talltaller

quietquieter

strongstronger

youngyounger

clevercleverer

ableabler

simplesimpler

narrownarrower

slowslower

2)以-e结尾的单音节词,词尾只加-r。

例词:

原级比较级

bravebraver

widewider

nicenicer

3)以一个辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音字母前的元音字母又发短元音时,要双写结尾的辅音字母,然后加-er。

例词:

原级比较级

bigbigger

hothotter

thinthinner

fatfatter

4)辅音字母加y结尾的单音节词和双音节词(有ly后缀的词除外)要将“y”改为“i”再加-er。

例词:

原级比较级

easyeasier

happyhappier

earlyearlier

busybusier

lazylazier

funnyfunnier

heavyheavier

5)其他双音节词和多音节词在原级前加more。

例词:

原级比较级

beautifulmore beautiful

importantmore important

carefulmore careful

outgoingmore outgoing

intellectualmore intellectual

seriousmore serious

athleticmore athletic

popularmore popular

(2)不规则变化

例词:

原级比较级

goodbetter

manymore

muchmore

badworse

little less

oldolderelder

farfartherfurther

2.比较级的用法:两个人和两个事物的比较用比较级

基本句型:

主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+对比成分如:

1)I am stronger than Tom. 我比汤姆强壮。

2)Your coat is more expensive than mine. 你的大衣比我的贵。

3)My sister is more outgoing than me. 我妹妹比我外向。

4)It is colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷。

5)There are more students in Class One than in Class Three.

一班的学生比三班的学生多。

6)She is cleverer than any other girl in the class.

她比班上的其他女生都聪明。

[例1]写出下列形容词的比较级

1. hot____2. good____

3. soft____4. brave____

5. large____6. difficult____

7. much____8. far____

9. big____ 10. early____

11. little____12. bad____

13. sad____ 14. important____

15. near____16. tidy____

17. careful____18. easy____

19. wide____20. short____

21. long____22. beautiful____

Keys:1.hotter 2.better 3.softer 4.braver 5.larger 6.more difficult 7.more 8.farther/further 9.bigger 10.earlier 11.less 12.worse 13.sadder 14.more important 15.nearer 16.tidier 17.more careful 18.easier 19.wider 20.shorter 21.longer 22.more beautiful

[例2]用形容词的适当形式填空

1. The street is ____(wide) than that one.

2. Wang Ping is ____(short) and ____(thin) than her sister.

3. My brother has ____(long) hair than me.

4. We have ____(little) rainfall this year than last year.

5. Which picture is ____(beautiful), this one or that one?

6. Xiao Ming is as ____(tall) as his brother.

7. Our English teacher is ____(popular) than any other teacher in our school.

8. My mother is very ____(busy) every day. She has a lot of work to do.

9. The box is so ____(heavy) that I can?蒺t carry it.

10. Lesson 5 is ____(easy) than Lesson 6, but it?蒺s not so ____(interesting) as Lesson 6.

篇5:pursue的形容词形式

chemistry的意思是“化学”,是不可数名词,在句中可充当主语、宾语及介词宾语。

chemistry是表示学科的名词,用于泛指时其前一般不加冠词。

篇6:pursue的形容词形式

1、inactive

adj. 不活跃的;不活动的;怠惰的;闲置的

例:He certainly was not politically inactive.

他在政治上当然不是无所作为。

例:The players have comparatively long periods of inactivity.

这些运动员有相当长的.一段时间会无所事事。

2、slumberous

adj. 催眠的;昏昏欲睡的;不活跃的;平静的

例:Lord Henry turned and looked at the duchess with his slumberous eyes .

亨利勋爵转过头来,用倦怠的眼睛望着公爵夫人。

例:Why was she so slumberous in class this morning?

篇7:pursue的形容词形式

总的来说,这场演出令人失望。

The conclusion of the book was disappointing.

这部书的`结尾令人失望。

The play was built up to be a masterpiece but I found it very disappointing.

那部戏被捧为杰作,可我却大失所望。

Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.

我们的.失败是意料中的事,尽管如此,还是令人失望。

Midfielder Elliott has shown disappointing form recently.

篇8:重叠形式形容词作状语的语义指向

关键词:重叠式 语义特征 语义关系 语义指向

一、引言

汉语形容词有单双音节之分,单双音节的形容词可以按照一定的方式重叠,重叠前后的形容词在语义和句法功能上都有一定的差异。单音节形容词的重叠式主要是AA式、ABB式。双音节形容词的重叠式主要是AABB式、A里AB式等。邢福义(1993)指出,现代汉语中,重叠式形容词AABB有两大类:“(一)一个双音节形容词的AABB重叠;(二)两个单音节形容词的AABB叠结。”例如:“漂亮”是一个双音节的形容词,“漂漂亮亮”是双音节形容词的AABB重叠式;“高”和“低”是两个单音节形容词,“高高低低”是两个单音节的叠结,是形容词AABB叠结式。本文所指重叠形式形容词包含单音节形容词的重叠式和双音节形容词的重叠形式的所有类型。

现代汉语中,单音节形容词和一般的双音节形容词作状语不太自由,但按某种方式重叠后却能比较自由地充当状语。如:*“她静地看着远方。”在汉语中是不成立的,但“她静静地看着远方”却是完全合格的句子。

重叠式形容词作状语,虽然在形式上都可放在动词之前,但各种类型的重叠式形容词状语的语义指向并不一致。有的指向动词中心语,有的指向施事主语,有的指向受事宾语,有的则同时指向施事主语和受事宾语。

二、语义指向动词中心语

语义指向动词中心语的状位重叠式形容词只有一种类型:I类单音节形容词的重叠式AA。例如:

(1)半夜,老邱回来了,死死抓着他那个大皮包。(P67)①

(2)那个姑娘正在悄悄打电话。(P158)

(3)她缓缓地转过脸。(P332)

I类AA式重叠式形容词作状语,主要用来描写动作行为的情态,在语义上与动词中心语直接相关,状语与动词中心语构成一个表述,如“死死(地)抓”“悄悄(地)打”“缓缓地转”。状语与施事主语和受事宾语之间没有直接的语义关系,也不能转化为定语,如不能说“死死的老邱/死死的大皮包”“悄悄的姑娘/悄悄的电话”“缓缓的他/缓缓的脸”。

I类AA式重叠式形容词所表示的情态是动作行为本身所具有的情态,而不是施事主语和受事宾语主观致使的情态,因而,AA式重叠式形容词作状语的语义带有非主观致使的特征,即[-主观致使],它们的语义指向动词中心语。

三、语义指向施事主语

语义指向施事主语的状位重叠式形容词主要有三种:ABB式形容词、I类AABB式形容词、A里AB式形容词。

(一)ABB式形容词作状语,语义指向施事主语

ABB式形容词通常由“A+后缀”构成,能够比较自由地充当状语。例如:

(4)“没有这个人。”她气冲冲地用带方言口音的普通话喊了一声。(P68)

(5)她冷冰冰地问我有什么事。(P74)

(6)她家静悄悄地没动静。(P258)

ABB式形容词作状语,主要是用来描写动作行为的发出者,即施事主语所具有的情态的,在语义上与施事主语直接相关,施事主语与ABB式形容词状语构成一种表述方式。如:“她气冲冲”“她冷冰冰”“家静悄悄”。并且,ABB式形容词状语能转换成定语而保持原意不变,如:“气冲冲的她”“冷冰冰的她”“静悄悄的家”,这更进一步说明了状语与施事主语之间语义上的直接联系。

ABB式形容词状语与受事宾语之间没有语义上的直接联系,如不能说“气冲冲的一声”“静悄悄的动静”,“冷冰冰的我”虽能说,但与原意不符。

ABB式形容词状语与动词中心语的关系不如I类AA式形容词与动词中心语的关系紧密。ABB式形容词状语与动词中心语之间一般要加“地”,不能直接组合,如“气冲冲地喊(一声)”“冷冰冰地问(我)”“静悄悄地没动静”。而I类AA式形容词可以直接与动词中心语(及宾语)组合,状语与中心语之间可以不加“地”,如“死死抓着(大皮包)”“悄悄打(电话)”“缓缓转过(脸)”。

因此,ABB式形容词状语主要与施事主语相关,ABB式形容词状语所表示的情态是施事主语赋予的,具有主观致使的语义特征,即[+主观致使],它们的语义指向施事主语。

(二)I类AABB式形容词作状语,语义指向施事主语

I类AABB式形容词由双音节形容词AB重叠而成,可以比较自由地充当状语。例如:

(7)照片的昏暗背景中一个穿着过时服装的女子的脸部隐隐约约印在上面。(P283)

(8)服务员战战兢兢端上一盘鸡炖王八,告诉我们菜名叫“英雄会”。(P398)

(9)她犹犹豫豫伸手在纸盒里,欲拿又止。(P446)

I类AABB式形容词作状语,主要描写施事主语的情态,施事主语与状语之间构成一种表述,如“脸部隐隐约约”“服务员战战兢兢”“她犹犹豫豫”。与ABB式形容词作状语一样,施事与状语之间有一种深层的修饰与被修饰的关系,可以转化为表层的定中结构,如“隐隐约约的脸部”“战战兢兢的服务员”“犹犹豫豫的她”。

I类AABB式形容词与受事宾语之间没有语义上的直接联系,如不能说“隐隐约约的上面”“战战兢兢的鸡炖王八”“犹犹豫豫的纸盒里”。

I类AABB式形容词与状语中心语之间都能带“地”,如“隐隐约约地印”“战战兢兢地端”“犹犹豫豫地伸手”,说明二者之间的关系并不十分紧密。

因此,I类AABB式形容词状语主要与施事主语相关,它们所具有的情态也是施事主语赋予的,具有主观致使的特征,即[+主观致使],它们的语义指向施事主语。

(三)A里AB式形容词作状语,语义指向施事主语

A里AB式形容词由双音节形容词AB按A里AB方式重叠而成,A里AB式形容词能比较自由地充当状语。例如:

(10)他迷里迷糊地看了一会儿书。

(11)他啰里啰嗦地作报告。

(12)他毛里毛糙地做事。

A里AB式形容词通常是表示消极意义的形容词,带有嫌弃、不赞赏的感情色彩。能够按“A里AB”式重叠的形容词通常也能按“AABB”式重叠,它们作状语的用法基本相同,A里AB式形容词状语的语义也主要与施事主语相关,表示[+主观致使]的语义特征,施事主语与状语之间构成表述关系,并且在深层语义上有修饰与被修饰关系。如“他迷里迷糊/迷里迷糊的他”“他啰里啰嗦/啰里啰嗦的他”“他毛里毛糙/毛里毛糙的他”。由于这类形容词本身带有对施事主语的主观评价,因而,它们的语义更明确地指向施事主语。

四、语义指向受事宾语

语义指向受事宾语的状位重叠式形容词主要有两类:II类单音节形容词重叠式AA、II类AABB式形容词。

(一)II类AA式形容词作状语,语义指向受事宾语

II类AA式形容词主要由表色彩和情状的单音节形容词重叠而成。例如:

(13)她红红地涂了唇。

(14)他圆圆地画了个圈。

(15)他酽酽地沏了一杯茶。

例(13)中,“红红(地)”是色彩类单音节形容词重叠式,例(14)、(15)中的“圆圆(地)”“酽酽(地)”是情状类单音节形容词重叠式。色彩类和情状类单音节形容词重叠式作状语,主要与受事宾语在语义上直接相关,受事宾语与状语之间构成一个表述,如“唇红红的”“圈圆圆的”“茶酽酽的”,二者在深层语义上有修饰与被修饰的关系,可以用定中结构表示,如“红红的唇”“圆圆的圈”“酽酽的茶”。这类形容词状语与施事主语和动词中心语在语义上没有直接联系,如不能说“她红红地/红红的她/红红地涂”“他圆圆地/圆圆的他/圆圆地画”“他酽酽地/酽酽的他/酽酽地沏”。II类AA式形容词状语与中心语之间必须加“地”也说明了状语与中心语之间的关系不够紧密。II类AA式形容词状语所表示的色彩和情状,是主观致使受事宾语具有某种客观的色彩和情状,即[+主观致使][+客观情状(色彩)],状语语义指向受事宾语。这与I类AA式重叠形容词、ABB式、I类AABB式形容词、A里AB式形容词状语都不同。I类AA式重叠形容词状语没有主观致使性,其语义指向动词中心语;ABB式、I类AABB式形容词、A里AB式形容词状语虽具有主观致使性,但它们不具备使受事宾语具有某种客观情状的特征,其语义指向施事主语。

(二)II类AABB式形容词作状语,语义指向受事宾语

II类AABB式形容词由双音节形容词重叠而成,与I类AABB式形容词存在区别,它们的区别在于:I类AABB式形容词所表示的状语所具有的情状并不是受事宾语所具有的情状,而是施事主语具有的情状;II类AABB式形容词所表示的状语所具有的情状是受事宾语具有的情状。表现在表层结构上,I类AABB式形容词状语与施事主语构成一个表述,如前所述,而II类AABB式形容词状语与受事宾语构成一个表述。例如:

(16)惟有一张像是阴天室内影影绰绰站着一个女人。(P279)

(17)沿湖层层叠叠泊着各种类型的舰艇。(P174)

(18)他歪歪斜斜地在黑板上写作。

II类AABB式形容词状语与受事宾语构成一个表述,它们的深层的修饰与被修饰关系也可以用定中结构来表示,如“女人影影绰绰/影影绰绰的女人”“舰艇层层叠叠/层层叠叠的舰艇”“字歪歪斜斜/歪歪斜斜的字”。II类AABB式形容词状语与中心语之间都可加“地”,它们的联系也不紧密。因此,II类AABB式形容词状语的语义指向受事宾语。

五、语义指向施事主语和受事宾语

少数AABB式形容词的语义可以同时指向施事主语和受事宾语。例如:

(19)通讯录上每页都密密麻麻写着各色人名和电话号码。(P264)

例(19)中,主语和状语之间,宾语和状语之间都分别构成表述关系,如“每页密密麻麻/各色人名和电话号码密密麻麻”,状语所描写的情状是主语和宾语同时具有的,状语语义指向施事主语和受事宾语。

六、结语

重叠式形容词作状语,语义指向主要是施事主语和受事宾语,指向动词中心语的只有单音节形容词重叠式中的一部分,这与形容词的重叠式本身所含的意义有关。正如朱德熙先生所指出的:“形容词重叠式跟原式的词汇意义是一样的,区别在于原式单纯表示属性,重叠式同时还表示说话人对于这种属性的主观评价。”因此,单音节形容词的重叠式作状语反映的常常是说话人对描述对象的主观评价和感情,语义指向往往是直接涉及的人或事物。而具体每一种形容词的重叠式的语义指向主语还是宾语,取决于形容词状语所描写的情状是哪一个成分所具有的。是主语所具有的,则形容词语义指向主语;是宾语所具有的,则形容词语义指向宾语;主语、宾语同时具有的,则形容词语义指向主语和宾语。

注释:

①文中例句出自《王朔文集·挚情卷》,句末“()”中的数字表

示例句所在页码。

参考文献:

[1]吕叔湘.汉语语法论文集[C].北京:商务印书馆,1984.

[2]朱德熙.朱德熙文集[C].北京:商务印书馆,1999.

[3]邢福义.形容词的AABB反义叠结[J].中国语文,1993,(5).

[4]张世才.形容词作状语的语义指向与在句中的位置[J].喀什师范

学院学报,1999,(1).

[5]石锓.从叠加到重叠:汉语形容词AABB重叠形式的历时演变[J].

语言研究,2007,(2).

篇9:interest的形容词形式

1、interesting的意思是“令人感兴趣的,有趣的”,指人或物时,表示具有能唤起某人心理或情感方面兴趣的能力,而不表示兴趣的.程度或原因; 指书、戏剧、影视等时,则表示具有较强的娱乐性,而且能使人消愁解闷。

2、interesting在句中可用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。

3、interesting的比较级和最高级是more interesting和most interesting。

interested的词语搭配

interested in 对 ... 感兴趣

self-interested 利己主义的

be interested in 对 ... 感兴趣...

interested circles 有关各界

篇10:estimate的形容词形式

My estimate was bang on target.

我的估计完全准确。

Police estimate the crowd at 30 000.

警方估计聚集的人有3万。

That estimate was right on the mark.

篇11:abab形式的形容词

1、湛蓝湛蓝

解释:形容颜色很蓝。

造句:今天天气很好,天空湛蓝湛蓝的。

2、碧绿碧绿

解释:指清澈明亮,晶莹通透。也是作为除了翠绿色的上好翡翠的绿色之一,拥有水晶般无杂质的清澈颜色。

造句:夏天到了,荷塘里的荷叶碧绿碧绿的,好看极了。

3、雪白雪白

解释:颜色的一种形容颜色似雪一样陶瓷粉彩用颜料。为无色透明的玻璃体。用来覆盖珠明料,或作冲淡色彩用。形容纯洁,干净。比喻品格高洁或清白无瑕。

造句:地里的棉花雪白雪白的,像盛开的云朵。

4、金黄金黄

解释:是指一种颜色,金黄色非常亮的.、金灿灿明亮的、在黄色的基础上更加鲜亮的颜色。

造句:田野里的麦子金黄金黄的,如同遍地的金子。

5、半青半黄

解释:农作物还没有长好,青黄相接,比喻时机还没有成熟。

篇12:pursue的形容词形式

由-ing分词转化来的形容词:alarming,amusing,annoying,boring,changing,charming...

由-ed分词转化来的形容词:alarmed,amused,annoyed,bored,educated,unknown...

一般而言,由-ing分詞转化来的形容词通常带有主动意义,由-ed分词转化来的形容词则带有被动意义。如:

(1) an interesting story 有趣的故事

an interested look 一副感兴趣的样子

(2) a charming girl 迷人的女孩

a charmed girl 着了魔法的女孩

(3) a terrifying novel 令人恐怖的小说

a terrified girl 感到惊恐的女孩

除此外,其他以-ful,-ous, -some, able,ible 结尾的形容词也有主动与被动之分。

其中,以able,ible 结尾的带有被动意义的形容词,通常可以转化为被动形态,如:

visible=that can be seen

acceptable=that can be accepted

unacceptable=that cannot be accepted

preferable=that is to be preferred

篇13:true的形容词形式

adv .真正地;确实地;正确地;正当地

n.真理,真实;正,准,精确

vt.摆正;决定(某物)的位置以使其平衡、平稳或水平

And what is true victory?

那什么是真正的胜利?

This is not entirely true.

这并非完全的真实。

This may possibly be true.

这可能是真的。

It is not a true story at all.

这根本不是个真实的故事。

I guess the rumors were true.

篇14:south 的形容词形式

这个国家的南方日益动荡不安。

2.The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.

该国南方旱情最严重。

3.Steel used to be important in South Wales.

以前钢铁工业在南威尔士很重要。

4.He lives to the south of the city.

他住在城外南边。

5.South America separated from Africa 200 million years ago.

篇15:adequate的形容词形式

他们没有充分了解这项任务就仓促行动了。

Most states guarantee the right to free and adequate education.

大多数州都保证免费和适当教育的.权利。

They could not provide adequate air cover for ground operations.

篇16:pursue的形容词形式

In November, he finally had the opportunity to enter the hallowed hall, and in a capacity that he had never before expected: as a delegate to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Ren is one of the 26 migrant workers elected as delegates to the landmark meeting. Although they only accounted for 1.14 percent of the 2,270 delegates elected to the congress, they collectively represented more than 158 million migrant workers in China.

Ren, 39, left his hometown in Pingquan County of north China’s Hebei Province, in 1996, and has since worked in the Yiqing Co. of the Beijing Environment Sanitation Engineering Group Co. Ltd.

Although Ren has worked in Beijing for 16 years, and was honored as a model worker by the municipal government, he still does not have a Beijing hukou (permanent residence status), nor can he afford Beijing’s expensive housing. His wife and 7-year-old daughter still live in his hometown.

Encouragingly, the end to this awkward situation for Ren and millions of people like him seems near as the Party has shown its determination to establish in due course a system for guaranteeing fairness in society featuring, among other things, equal rights, equal opportunities and fair rules for all.

Delivering a report to the congress, the then CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao said,“We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, conduct registration of rural migrant workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly way, and endeavor to ensure that all permanent urban residents have access to basic urban public services.”

Changing demands

In 2011, China’s urban population exceeded rural population for the first time in history, said a report released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in August. Approximately one fourth of permanent urban residents were migrant workers from the countryside who had resided in cities for more than half a year.

Migrant workers on average have worked in cities for 5.3 years, with 40 percent of them having worked for more than five years, and 20 percent of them having worked for more than 10 years, according to the Development Research Center of the State Council in 2010.

Young migrant workers, born in the 1980s and 1990s, account for a large percentage of all migrant workers. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that as of 2011, 39 percent of migrant workers were 30 years old or younger, and 22.7 percent were between 31 and 40.

“Many young people in my hometown have left to work in big cities,” Ren said.“Better educated, they expect better jobs, higher incomes as well as a more colorful life, and are more eager to integrate into the city.”

At a press conference held on the sidelines of the 18th CPC National Congress on November 12, Yang Zhiming, Vice Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the young generation of migrant workers have different demands and interests than their parental generation.

“While the old generation of migrant workers would like to make money and return to the rural areas for further development, now the new generation would like to integrate into and seek development in cities; the old generation demands to be paid in full, while the new generation demands insurance coverage; the old generation requests better work conditions, and the new generation requests a share of the fruits of development,” Yang said.

Recently, China Youth Daily conducted an online survey of 10,365 young migrant workers in their 20s or 30s across the country. The study showed that 60.2 percent of the respondents aspired to become urbanites within 10 years. In their eyes, to become urban residents means receiving equal pay for equal work, being covered by the urban social security system and owning real estate in cities.

Another survey in more than 20 cities conducted by Beijing-based Outlook Weekly showed that 85 percent of young migrant workers never worked on farms and only 8.9 percent would like to return to rural areas in the future.

In the meantime, young migrant workers find that it is not very easy to become bona fide urbanites.

The survey conducted by China Youth Daily revealed that young migrant workers faced some major obstacles to integration in cities. Seventy-three percent of the respondents reported that their biggest problem was high cost of living.

In addition, up to half of young migrant workers complained about a lack of cultural activities, unequal pay, difficulty in finding jobs, disrespect and unpaid salaries.

Approximately one third of them said that they were concerned with their own inability to take care of their parents, the difficulty in getting social security coverage and unequal access to education for their children.

While reading between the lines of Hu’s report, Yan Wenjing, a Party congress delegate from Zhongshan, southern Guangdong Province, noticed a change concerning migrant workers compared with five years ago.

“The report emphasizes in the part on educational development to ensure that children of rural migrant workers in cities have equal access to education,” she said, adding that the report to the 17th CPC National Congress in 2007 only pledges equal access to compulsory education for children of migrant workers.

Yan said that this suggested children of migrant workers would not only be able to receive compulsory primary education in the cities where their parents work, but also preschool and high school.

“This accurately responds to the suggestions that I heard from fellow migrant workers,” Yan said.

After being elected as a delegate to the 18th CPC National Congress, Yan visited 70 communities in Zhongshan and collected more than 1,000 questionnaires from migrant workers. She said that the lack of equal access to education for their children was the problem most complained about by the respondents.

New hope

“The government is working hard to safeguard migrant workers’ rights and interests in 10 respects,” said Vice Minister Yang at the press conference.

Yang said that the government strives to ensure migrant workers to be able to find jobs in cities, sign labor contracts with employers, receive job-related training, and be paid for their efforts. “They should have access to social insurance, better accommodation, legal services to protect their rights and cultural activities, their children should have access to education, and they should be able to pursue their goals,” he said.

Despite a government requirement for employers to sign labor contracts with migrant workers and pay for insurance, many migrant workers are still not properly covered.

Data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the year 2011, only 43.8 percent of migrant workers had signed labor contracts with their employers, and coverage of pension, work injury, health, unemployment and maternity insurance lagged at 13.9 percent, 23.6 percent, 16.7 percent, 8 percent and 5.6 percent, respectively.

The government requires employers to pay for insurance policies such as those covering work injury and unemployment, whereas pension and health insurance are to be jointly paid by workers and employers. But some migrant workers are reluctant to pay the premiums which are relatively high in comparison to their low and unstable incomes. A number of employers, too, would rather avoid paying social insurance to cut costs.

Li Shi, Executive President of the China Institute for Income Distribution at Beijing Normal University, said that migrant workers often move from city to city, whereas currently the insurance benefits are not readily carried over to other provinces and municipalities, which to some extent reduces migrant workers’ incentive to pay into the system. Li suggested setting up a separate and transferable social insurance system for migrant workers besides increasing benefits.

篇17:hurry的形容词形式

他匆匆走过他们身边,连停都没停。

She hurried away without saying goodbye.

她连声再见都没说就急忙离开了。

He picked up his bags and hurried across the courtyard.

他拎起提包匆匆穿过院子。

She was hurried into making an unwise choice.

她在催逼之下作出了不明智的选择。

She shoved the book into her bag and hurried off.

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