考研英语作文常见错误

2023-01-12

第一篇:考研英语作文常见错误

英语作文常见典型语法错误

语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中,语法错误,尤其是较为严重的错误,是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”,有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的,大家可以设想一下,一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分,那将得不偿失。因此,认清各种各样的语法错误,尽可能地避免少犯,对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。

1) We always working till late at night before taking exams. (误)

2) We should read books may be useful to us. (误)

1) This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)2) The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)

1) Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)2) My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)

1) I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)

2) We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)

3) I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)1) It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)

2) Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)

3) The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)

第二篇:2014年高考英语作文:写作中常见的9种句法错误

一、词性误用

词性误用常表现为:介词错用为动词,形容词错用为副词,名词错用为动词等。

例:They earn some money so that they can independence.他们挣钱是为了自立。

解析:independence是名词,句中误用为动词。

改为:They earn some money so that they can be independent.

二、修饰语错位

英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语放在句子中不同的位置,可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被同学们所忽视,因而造成了不必要的误解。

例:I believe I can do it well and l will better know the world outside the campus.我相信我会做得很好,而且我将对校园外的世界有更好的了解。

解析:better位置不当,应置于句末。

改为:I believe I can do it well and l will know the world outside the campus better.

三、句子不完整

在口语中,交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思,不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这常常发生在主句写完以后,学生又想加些补充说明的情况下。

例:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio,newspaper and soon.了解社会的途径有很多,比如,可以通过电视、广播、报纸,等等。

解析:本段后半部分“For example,by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。

改为:There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.

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四、主谓不一致

英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响,许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系,从而造成错误。

例:Once one have money,he can do what he want to do.人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么。

解析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants,本句是典型的主谓不一致。

改为:Once one has money,he can do what he wants to do.

五、指代不清

指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。

例1:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。

解析:读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把容易引起误解的代词加以明确,意思就一目了然了。

改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例2:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.我们还可以通过亲身参与、体验的方式了解社会。

解析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

改为:And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves.

六、累赘

同学们在写书面表达时应尽量做到简洁:写句子没有一个多余的词,写段落没有一个多余的句子;能用单词的就不用词组,能用词组的就不用从句或句子。

例1:In spite of the fact that he is lazy,I like him.尽管他很懒惰,我还是喜欢他。

解析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句,我们应按照“简洁”的原则加以简化。

改为:In spite of his laziness,I like him.

例2:For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.对于勤奋善良的人来说,钱只是用来购买所需东西的工具。

解析:整个句子可以大大简化,累赘重复过多。

改为:Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.

七、句子不连贯

句子不连贯是指一个句子内部前言不搭后语,或是结构上不畅通。句子不连贯也是英语书面表达中比较常见的毛病。

例:The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.淡水是地球上最重要的东西。

解析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯,It与things在语法上不一致。

改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

八、句子结构混乱

句子结构混乱主要是受汉语思维方式影响而导致的。同学们在日常学习中应多加练习,培养语感。

例1:There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有许多学生在打篮球。

解析:上面的句子中出现了两个谓语动词,不符合英语的语法习惯。

改为:Many students are playing basketball on the playground.

例2:The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩来自一个大城市。

解析:一个简单句中不能有两个谓语系动词,结构混乱。

改为:The girl standing over there is from a big city.

九、句型单调,句子与句子之间缺乏过渡

一篇文章如果简单句过多,句型单调,即使语法错误较少,思路较清晰,看后也会使人感到乏味。同学们应学会单句、复句交替使用,经常变换句型,尝试使用一些较复杂的语法结构及句型,适当运用过渡词,使文章更加连贯。

例:They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.

解析:这段话中使用的全部是简单句,句型比较单调,可以改为定语从句或加入插入语,克服这一缺点。

改为:Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.

第三篇:考研英语写作中的常见错误

考研英语短文写作格式错误及纠错

分析

写作格式错误主要包括以下几个方面:题目的写法、文章的格式、大小写以及标点符号等四个方面。下面我们分别加以说明。

一、题目的写法

在考研作文中,考查的作文类型相对来说比较多。有的作文类型有时是不需要题目的,比如像有些图表类作文。但大多数作文类型对题目都是有要求的。因为题目是首先映入读者眼帘的,所以要注意题目的书写位置。一定要在试卷作文纸上的上方中间位置书写。同时还应在话题和正文之间留出一定的距离,即比正文行距稍宽一些。

其次,要注意题目的大小写,第一个单词的第一个字母和最后一个单词的第一个字母一定要大写。中间的单词除冠词、连词)但如连词的字母多于5个事,则大写)和介词外,其他的词都应该大写第一个字母。比如:

例1误:Attitudes toward Money

正:Attitudes Toward Money

二、文章的格式

(1)四边留空:卷面的四边一定要留出适当的空白。这样的文章才能整齐、美观,给人以清晰、明快的感觉。 (2)空格:文章的每段的首行一定要有统一的空格。

三、大小写方面的错误

在考研文章的评改过程中,有关大小写方面的错误层出不穷,这是考生的一个弱点。一般来说,大写规则有以下几条:

(1)大写每句话的第一个字母和直接引语的第一字母,如:

He said ,”He is going to Shanghai next week”.

(2)大写专有名词,或用作专有名词的部分普通名词,通常是缩略形式。如: Dr G . G . East (3)大写缩写字母。如:MPA ,MBA ,BBC (4)文章标题要大写。

(5)头衔在专有名词前要大写,在专有名词后就小写。例如:Captain Smith --------Smith, the captain;Uncle George-------- George ,my uncle

三、标点符号错误及分析

考生在写文章时,一定要注意正确使用标点符号,切忌从头到尾只用逗号的现象。一定要熟练掌握常用标点符号的基本用法,尤其要正确使用逗号和分号。

作文部分是考研英语试卷中最难的主观题,也是考生得分率较低的题型。从历年考试来看,考生在写作部分大量失分的原因是考生在写作中存在一些具有代表性的普遍问题。以下是一些从考生作文中摘抄下来的例子。

(1) Today, students who take part in social practice become more and more. (2) Light will be more powerful when the circumstances is more dark. (3) As a university student, we can study hard science knowledge. (4) In remote country, some children can’t go to school because no money. (5) If we help others without thinking whether others need, it perhaps decrease others confidence. (6) I think the best way to show love is our suitable help when others are facing with difficulty and need our helps. (7) In the picture below, in the dark full situation, a little of spark enlightens the dark. (8) We offer love, more important, we need love (9) But for my roommates help I couldn’t live up not only in physics but also in spirits. (10) Let’s hold our hands to build our country filled in love hearts.

上面的例子代表了考研作文中存在的一些普遍问题。这些问题概括起来主要表现在以下几个方面: ■ 审题不清,致使文章内容偏离主题。如在2002年考试中,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“中国的民族服装为何受西方人喜爱”,偏离了“文化融合”这一主题。我们知道,依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。

■ 内容空洞,言之无物,东拉西扯,无明显主题。

■ 汉语思维,逐字翻译,中式英语。很多考生在写英语作文时,习惯于先用汉语进行构思,然后再将汉语译成英语。结果文章中出现很多中式英语,令人难以理解。大家最熟悉的一个典型例子是:Good good study, day day up (好好学习,天天向上)。 ■ 词汇量小,用词不准确,词不达意。如do some contribution中的do就属于用词不准确,应该用make。 ■ 语法错误较多,主要表现为主谓不一致,第三人称单数不加s,以及时态语态、名词单复数、句子完整性方面的错误。这些错误在考生看来可能无关紧要,但直接影响着作文的整体质量。

■ 句子单调,句型单一,句式缺少变化。

■ 不会使用起承上启下作用的过渡词语,文章缺乏连贯性。

总之,一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体,任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而,很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意,或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现一些语法、词汇、逻辑、语篇等方面的错误。这些错误如果得不到及时的解决,将直接影响作文得高分。下面对这几方面的错误分别予以分析和说明。 1) 词汇错误

词汇方面的错误主要表现在拼写不正确、词形相近而词义不同的词的混用、名词单复数不清、搭配不当等。 (1) 拼写错误

拼写是考生应该具备的起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。拼写错误虽然未被列入扣分标准,但大量拼写错误的存在不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达。以下例子中,划线部分为拼写不正确的单词。从中可以看出,有些拼写错误影响了整个句子的意思。

...flower cuircling her head and Chinese Changming lock in her chest...

In its long history it beared excellent culture,...

In the past, we are stranged to see a person in other countries costume while now we are very familiar with this.

What I accomplished today party attribute to all of them giving me a hand to my school work.

With the development of saciety, ...

enviroment pollution,

We could do anything happyly.

If we have a family fulling of people who love you, ... (2) 近形异义词(词组)混用

英语中有很多单词(词组)词形非常相似,但词义却相差甚远,使用起来往往容易混淆。这是考研英语作文中另一词汇方面的常见错误。这些词(词组)的混用或误用经常会引起歧义,有时甚至会产生相反的意思。如contribute to 和attribute to意思就完全相反,但考生常将二者混淆;其他容易混淆的词还有:

confirm (确认) —— conform (使……适合) economic (经济的) —— economical (节约的)

courage (勇气) —— encourage (鼓励)

transmit (传送) —— transform (转换)

liter (升、公升) —— litter (乱丢、乱扔)

consist of (由……组成) —— consist in (存在于……)

belong to (属于) —— belong in (应归入……) (3) 搭配不当

英语中有大量的习惯用语和固定搭配,这些搭配主要有名词、动词、形容词与介词或副词的搭配。有些考生由于对此掌握得不够牢固,经常在这方面出错,从而影响了对作文的理解。

误: to solve the question 正: to solve the problem (or: to answer the question) 误: pay attention on 正: pay attention to 误: Many changes have happened. 正: Many changes have taken place. 误: on my opinion 正: in my opinion (4) 用词不当

许多考生由于词汇量有限,或单词掌握得不够牢固,因此不能正确使用已学过和已经记住的单词,出现用词不当、词不达意等问题。 例如: the naive spark, enlighten the dark, a happy home, calm gulf, health knowledge等。 常见27种句法错误

任何一个句子, 尤其是书面语的句子, 首先要做到合乎语法规范, 如主谓结构完整、主谓一致、正确的时态、语态等。今天我们就把句子中最常见的语法错误罗列出来,供大家参考借鉴。

1. A series of debates between the two lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend.

主谓不一致的错误在写作中十分常见,尤其是当主语离谓语较远的时候。本句中的主语是series而不是debates或lectures,因此谓语应为单数形式,也就是要把were改为was。 2. There are many students play football on the sports ground.

本句中的错误是句式杂糅,也就是所谓的“Run-on”句。两个句子糅合在一起,没有标点符号隔开或用错误的标点符号隔开被称为“Run-on”句。改正的方法有四种:

1)变成两个独立的分句。那么此句就可以改为:There are many students on the sports ground. They are playing football.

2)通过使用分号和连词变为并列句。此句可改为:There are many students on the sports ground; they are playing football. 或There are many students on the sports ground and they are playing football. 3)将其中的一部分改为充当修饰成分的短语。比如这句话可以改为: There are many students playing football on the sports ground.

4)通过使用关联词if, when, who等将其中一个句子改为从句。那么此句可以改为: There are many students who are playing football on the sports ground.每一个句子都可以用不同的方式来表述,我们在写作时可以根据句子表达的需要选择最佳的句式。

Barking dogs don’t bite. 吠狗不咬人。

3. There is a teacher I shall always remember. Because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.

此处的错误是由于连词和标点使用不当而造成片语(fragment),也就是完整句子的一部分,它不能完整的表达句义。最常见的片语多数是由从属连词开头的,改正的方法就是将它跟主句合并。因此,这句话应该改为:

There is a teacher I shall always remember because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.

4. It is important to exercise because everybody seems to watch you if you fat and out of shape.

此句的错误是缺少句子成分。英语中的形容词必须和系动词一起构成系表结构才能作谓语。因此,本句可以改为:

It is important to exercise, because everybody seems to watch you if you are fat and out of shape.

5. This great loss had killed Mrs. white, but actually this free her from her husband.

时态不一致。时态是英语中的难点之一,当用某一种时态的时候,我们感觉还不是特别难,但当两种或两种以上的时态混合使用的时候或许就会出现问题了。本句可改为:This great loss had killed Mrs. White, but actually this freed her from her husband.

What is done by night appears by day. 若要人不知,除非已莫为。

6. I did not know what was happened in the classroom.

此处的错误是不及物动词的错误使用。汉语中的动词没有及物和不及物之分,因而中国的学生常常忽略这个问题。请大家注意不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,也没有被动语态。这句话应改为:

I did not know what had happened in the classroom. 7. While celebrate their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged Mr. White’s finger.

这个句子中的问题出在分词作状语上。正确使用现在分词作状语能使句子结构多样化,但也不可以滥用。如果用错了的话,还不如不用。此句可以改为:

While Mr. White celebrating their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged his finger.或

When Mr. White celebrated their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged his finger. 8. The average life span in the 1980’s was much longer than 1880’s.

比较对象不一致。在使用形容词和副词的比较级时我们往往容易受汉语的影响,忽略比较对象应该一致的问题。此句应改为:The average life span in the 1980’s was much longer than that in the 1880’s.

9. Writing a essay is difficult for students who English is a second language.

这个句子中有两处错误。一个是不定冠词使用不当,元音因素前应该使用an而不是a。这不是一个难点,但考试中经常会有马虎的考生犯这类小错误。二是定语从句的关联词使用错误,应该把who改为whose。 10. The man had reproached by his daughter who was angry that he had deserted her mother for twenty years.

被动语态使用错误。请大家一定记住被动语态的基本结构是:be动词加上动词的过去分词,而其时态的变化是由be动词来体现的。在这个句子中,应把had改为was。 11. In my opinion think the company should pay for the victim’s injuries.

此句是典型的中国式英语。有许多人写作时受汉语的影响太多,甚至习惯对照每个字把汉语生硬地翻译成英语。这样就会造成一些滑稽的错误。最典型的莫过于“good good study, day day up”了。

此句中think一词是多余的,去掉就可以了。

12. When I was in university, my psychology class had more than 500 students, often forcing me to sit on the floor.

在汉语中“有”既可以表示存在,也可以表示拥有。但在英语中,却需要用不同的方式来表达。表示存在时应该用there be句型,而表示拥有时则需要用have/has。When I was in university, there were more than 500 students in my psychology class, often forcing me to sit on the floor. 13. I enjoy reading forecasts of the future, but you wonder which will turn out to be correct.

人称不一致。在一句或一段话中,如果人称不一致会让读者感觉不知所云。在这个句子中,我们只需要将you改为I就可以了。

It’s never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。 14. I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, which annoyed my parents.

这个句子是歧义句。它既可以理解为我告诉朋友让父母不高兴,也可以理解为我选择了地质学让父母生气。这句话可以改为:I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, and my parents were annoyed by my choice. 15. If your English is not good, your going to have trouble with all the subject.

这句话中有三处显然是由于马虎造成的错误。1)人称代词your不可以做主语应改为you。2)表示将来的be going to 结构不完整,应在going前加上are。3)subject 是可数名词,应该用复数形式subjects。可别小看了这些小错误,记住“小石头也能绊倒人!”

16. The judge ordered that the suspect was detained immediately.

没有正确使用虚拟语气。在order, suggest等表示命令和建议的动词的宾语从句中应该使用should加动词原型,should可以省略。这句话应改为:The judge ordered that the suspect (should) be detained immediately.

17. Not only I wrote him a letter, but I also phoned him twice.

特殊句型使用错误。在英语中有许多特殊句型,我们必须熟记它们的意思和使用形式。常常会出错的有:the more… the more…, not only… but also…, too… to…, used to do, be used to doing, would rather… than…, so…that…, …so that…, had better等。not only… but also…结构可以用来连接两个并列的成分,并有加强语气的作用。这句话应改为:I not only wrote him a letter, but also phoned him twice. 此外,not only 放于句首时需用倒装句型,所以也可改为Not only did I write him a letter, but also phoned him twice.

18. Computer technology helps us do many things, but it also prevents us to do many others.

词语搭配错误。英语中的动词后接宾语或宾补时,常有固定的搭配,大家要注意积累。此句应改为:

Computer technology helps us do many things, but it also prevents us from doing many others.

19. Never he will forget the terrible traffic accident.

未使用倒装语序。如果句子以:Not only, Never, Hardly, No sooner, Only等开头,则句子应使用倒装语序。此句应改为:

Never will he forget the terrible traffic accident.

20. Because she does not have any friend in Paris, so she feels very lonely.

由于受汉语影响,许多同学在作文中使用

Because…so…

和Although…but…两个错误结构。改正的方法就选择because和so中的任意一个,或although和but中的任意一个。此句可以改为:Because she does not have any friend in Paris, she feels very lonely.或She does not have any friend in Paris, so she feels very lonely.或she feels very lonely because she does not have any friend in Paris.

21. The speaker called attention to the beginning and how it ended.

名词(短语)平行结构误用The speaker called attention to the beginning and end of the movement 22. He was sympathetic, tolerant, and people respected him.

形容词平行结构误用He was sympathetic, tolerant, and respected by people. 23. The boys were running, shouting and to laugh.

分词平行结构误用The boys were running, shouting and laughing. 24. Jane prefers singing to dance.

动名词平行结构误用Jane prefers singing to dancing. 25. To know what is good and doing what is right is not the same thing

动词不定式平行结构误用To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing 26. The work is handsome and skillfully done.

副词平行结构误用The work is handsomely and skillfully done. 27. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and being able.

短语平行结构误用Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.

请改正下面句子中的错误。 1. Education is no longer free as it use to be.

Education is no longer free as it used to be.

2. For example, the computer that is used everywhere today to increase efficiency and save the cost of labor.

For example, the computer that is used everywhere today increases efficiency and saves the cost of labor.

3. In our country we vote for our government, the next federal election is coming again.

In our country we vote for our government when the next federal election is coming again. 4. After they express their opinion, he decided to reduce the operational expenses.

After they expressed their opinion, he decided to reduce the operational expenses.

5. Many people are dishonest with government. Although they are married, but they don’t want to declare they are married.

Many people are dishonest with government. Although they are married, they don’t want to declare they are married.

6. The closing down of hospitals causes inconvenience for the growing number of patients in Ontario.

The closing down of hospitals causes inconvenience for the increasing patients in Ontario.

7. “How do you think of my boyfriend, Dad?” the girl ask.

“How do you think of my boyfriend, Dad?” the girl asked.

8. Winter storms that bring ice, sleet, and snow they can cause traffic problem.

Winter storms that bring ice, sleet, and snow can cause traffic problem. 或Winter storms bring ice, sleet, and snow which can cause traffic problem.

9. The cake was suppose to be tasty.

The cake was supposed to be tasty.

10. The river will flood again next year unless we will build a better dam.

The river will flood again next year unless we build a better dam.

11. The runner looker as if he was winded.

The runner looked as if he was winded.

12. If I would have trained for the race, I might have won.

If I had been trained for the race, I would have won.

13. The instructor divided the work between Sam and I.

The instructor divided the work between Sam and me.

14. Her mother told her she was going to visit Alaska.

Her mother told her she was going to visit Alaska.

15. Because our car was overheating, it came as no surprise that it broke down just as it began to rain.

Because our car was overheating, it came with no surprise that it broke down just as it began to run.

16. The moon, along with Venus, are visible in the night sky.

The moon, along with Venus, is visible in the night sky.

17. Three hundred dollars are what we must pay.

Three hundred dollars is what we must pay. 18. The candidate felt unusual energetic.

The candidate felt unusual energetic.

19. The physicist Marie Curie discovered radium, she won two Nobel Prizes.

The physicist Marie Curie discovered radium, so she won two Nobel Prizes.

20. People feared that they would no longer be able to happily live in peace.

People feared that longer be able to happily.

they live would no in peace

第四篇:2018考研英语翻译常见的5个错误

来源:智阅网

翻译是考研英语的一个重要题型,很多同学在做翻译时,只会直译,远远达不到信、达、雅的要求,所以要得到所有的分数很难,因此今天我们就总结了考研英语翻译常见的5个错误,大家要认真学习总结。

1.误译漏译

When you listen to people speak a foreign language that you understand,have you noticed that the native speakers of that language use words and phrases in a manner different from what you are used to?

原译当你听到人们说你理解的外语时,是否注意到该语言的母语在使用这些词语时的习惯方式与你过去的习惯不同的吗?

评析这段译文至少有两处和原文不符:一是the native speaker of that language所表达的意思是"以那种语言为母语的说话者",而不是"该语言的母语"。 二是what you are used to所表达的意思是"你已经习惯的方式",而不是"你过去的习惯。"

改译你听别人讲你能听懂的外语时,你是否注意到以这种外语为母语的人,他们使用词语的方式和你习惯使用词语的方式是不同的。

2.硬译死译

所谓硬译死译,指的是译者没有真正理解原文的意思,对原文进行字对字地翻译,表面上看起来译文和原文完全保持一致,但译文并没有准确表达出原文所含内容。翻译时如果译者没有考虑到上下文,没有考虑到语境,没有考虑到汉语的习惯表达。就很可能出现硬译死译,译文就不会忠实于原文,就不会通顺流畅,就不会地道自然。

Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.

原译研究结果表明,大多数医生深信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情,如果将真情相告,他们的希望就可能破灭,他们恢复得更慢或恶化得更快,甚至会自寻短见。

评析把they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster译成"他们恢复得更慢或恶化得更快"字面上好像是忠实于原文的,但却是不地道的,不符合逻辑的。"他们"和"恢复"还是可以搭配在一起,但"他们"和"恶化"就不能搭配在一起了。可以说"病情恶化",但不能说"病人恶化",应改成"病情恶化"。

改译研究结果表明,大多数医生深信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情。如果将真情告知,病人可能就会失去希望,身体恢复就会更加缓慢,或者病情会进一步迅速恶化,甚至会自寻短见。

3.搭配不当

Jefferson died long ago, but many of his ideas are still of great interest to us.

原译杰斐逊已谢世很久,但他的许多思想仍使我们感到很大的兴趣。

评析"感到"和"兴趣"不能搭配在一起,"感到"后一般可跟形容词﹑动词或分句等作宾语,而"兴趣"是个名词。"感到"可改为"感"。

改译虽然杰斐逊谢世很久,但我们对他的思想仍然很感兴趣。

4.用词不当

In language there are some tacit rules of speaking that,unlike rules of grammar or spelling,are not usually studied in a formal manner.

原译语言中,有些讲法存在着默认的规律,与语法和拼写规律不同,在正规场合不一定学到。

评析rules还是译为"规则"较好。"讲法"表达的意思不够准确,可改译为"说话"。把in a formal manner译为"正式场合",表达的意思也是不准确的,可改为"正规的学习方法"。

改译与语法规则和拼写规则不同的是,语言中说话的某些规则是默认的,按照正规的学习方法通常是学不到的。

5.结构不合理

There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.

原译全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。

评析原译文主语的定语较长,使得整个句子头重脚轻。按照汉语的表达习惯,这个句子可用两个句子表达。

改译全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活,这一天是一定会来到的。

上面总结的翻译题常见的这类错误,对大家今后做题有很大的帮助,希望大家可以吸取经验,认真学习,《考研英语绝对考场最后六套题》这本书对大家现阶段的备考帮助很大,大家要认真学习,好好对待哦。

第五篇:话题作文常见错误

学生写话题作文,通常容易出现以下几种跑题情况——

第一,对话题中的词语或话题短语理解不准确或不全面。比如,把“诚信”理解成“信任”,把“和谐”理解成“团结”,把“坚韧”理解成“忍耐”,把话题“语言与沟通”理解为“做事必须从实际出发”,把“心灵的选择”理解成单纯的“选择”,把“感情亲疏和对事物的认知”理解成单纯的“感情亲疏”。第二,由话题一步步蔓延开去。他还是由话题写起,但写着写着就偏离到另外的事情上去了。比如,有一个作文话题为“根”。有同学就写“根”,树根的根,那树根的根它就跟树干有关系,树根它滋养了树干啊,于是他就接着写树干了,说树干如何如何笔直,如何如何有价值,可以做大梁,可以做枕木等等。还没完,他接着写,树干它跟树枝有关系啊,于是就又写树干上面的那个树枝如何如何茂盛,那个树枝上面的树叶如何迎着风哗啦哗啦作响,那个小鸟也随着树叶一起欢唱„„就这样越写越远,然后写到小鸟在蔚蓝的天空自由地飞翔。他在写什么呢?写到天空上去了。而我们的话题是什么?是“根”。可他偏偏就这么一环套一环,套走了,走到不知哪座山上去了。

第三,画蛇添足,使作文部分跑题。比如“感情亲疏和对事物的认知”这个话题,有学生写道:“一位母亲来到幼儿园,她手里有一颗糖,只有一颗。她想,这颗糖应该给幼儿园最漂亮、最聪明的小朋友。这位母亲观察了半天,最后把这颗糖给了自己的儿子。事实上,她的儿子未见得是这个幼儿园最漂亮最聪明的。然而,相对来讲,在情感上,这位母亲对其他小朋友是疏的,对自己的儿子是亲的,这种亲疏关系影响到了她对事实的认知。”本来到这里就该收了,然而,他又生发出许多别的感慨:“可怜天下父母心啊,天下的父母,有谁不爱自己的孩子呢?当我们饥饿的时候,为我们送上鸡蛋的是谁?是父母。当我们受冻的时候,为我们送上棉衣的是谁?是父母。作为子女,我们哪有理由不回报父母的养育之恩呢?”感情倒是很充沛,可是已经远离了话题。

第四,文章和话题之间若即若离,悬在半空,没落到实处。比如,以“位置”为话题,有个同学这样写道:“人活世上,演绎的角色不一样。世人又何必站在墙外,跂脚仰望墙里的风花雪月,又何必徘徊门外侧耳倾听屋内的欢声笑语?当你走进墙内,也许是一片腐朽与狼藉;当你走进门内,也许是一片凄厉哀吟。人啊,为何只看见袍子外表上的高贵,而看不见里面虱子爬过所留下的斑驳血迹?”这段话跟“位置”似乎是相关的,作者想要说的大概是,各人在社会上所处的位置不同,各个位置都有它自己的精彩,不必老是渴望别人的位置。但这样的意思在文段中又没有明确地表述出来。读者完全可以把它理解成规劝人们要安分守己,或是要善于把握属于自己的幸福等等。如果我们再在原文后面加上这样一些话,它就跟“位置”紧密联系起来了:“其实,我们不必艳羡和追求他人的位置,或许我们自身所处的位置就是一片乐土,只要我们以一颗平常、宽广、怜爱、知足的心活在这个残缺的世界上。”

第五,只从材料引申出观点来,不顾话题本身。以2004年江苏高考题为例。水有水的性格——灵动,山有山的性情——沉稳。水的灵动给人以聪慧,山的沉稳给人以敦厚。然而,灵动的海水却常年保持着一色的蔚蓝,沉稳的大山却在四季中变化出不同的色彩。请以“水的灵动,山的沉稳”为话题,写一篇文章。面对这个话题,有考生就从材料出发引申出这样的观点来:任何事物都存在

对立统一的两面。接着,他就展开来写,人有长处也有短处,人生中有痛苦也有快乐,有灾祸也有福祉,事物有大有小,有里有外,有善有恶,有明有暗,等等。这样的文章不能说跟材料没有关系,但它已经脱离了话题本身,给出的话题是“水的灵动,山的沉稳”。你可以写事物都存在着对立统一的两面,但这两面只能是“灵动”和“沉稳”,不能是任何别的两面。

再以2004年青海题为例。

一个富人去请教一位哲学家,为什么自己有钱以后很多人不喜欢他了。哲学家将他带到窗前,说:“向外看,你看到了什么?”富人说:“我看到外面有很多人。”哲学家又将他带到镜子前,问:“现在你又看到了什么?”富人回答:“我自己。”哲学家一笑,说:“窗子和镜子都是玻璃做的,区别只在于镜子多了一层薄薄的水银。但就是因为这一点银子,便叫你只看到自己而看不到别人了。”请以“看到自己与看到别人”为话题,自定立意,自选文体,自拟标题,写一篇不少于800字的文章。所写内容必须在话题范围之内。

面对这个话题,也有考生仅从材料出发,在文章中大谈特谈金钱对人的腐蚀和毒害,最后告诫人们在金钱面前一定要保持冷静,树立正确的金钱观。而话题是什么?是“看到自己与看到别人”!显然,该考生的文章已经偏离了话题。第六,在材料作文中,抓了枝叶,丢了主干。以2005年广州二模作文第二题为例。

据《广州日报》3月18日报道,称提供建造海珠桥的钢材的英国某企业向市政部门发来传真,提醒海珠桥的钢材已经有100年历史,现已进入疲劳期,如继续使用则建议进行疲劳测试,并根据测试结果进行加固。又据介绍,海珠桥一直都是广州市工程安全质量监督的重点,已纳入广州市桥梁安全检测网,桥梁上都设有数据采集点,进行24小时检测。目前,市政部门正加紧制定疲劳测试方案。

这则报道给了你什么联想?或你对此有什么看法?请写一篇800字以上的文章,题目自拟,文体不限。

有部分同学以为像这种没有明确给定一个话题的作文,只要从材料中任意一点引申开来都算符合要求。所以,有人就从材料中的“已经有100年历史”这个信息点出发,写100年前中国正处于满清政府末期。那时政府无能,经济衰颓,纲纪废弛;而我们现在必须吸取历史的教训,奋力发展经济,增强综合竞争力,避免挨打。这种观点显然并不是这段材料的主要意旨。如果谈责任心,谈居安思危,谈对生命的珍爱,就应该算是吻合材料的主要涵义了。还有人谈钢筋的作用,谈桥梁的用途,这些也非常明显地偏离了材料的中心意思,该算跑题作文。

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