综合英语教程2第二版

2022-10-03

第一篇：综合英语教程2第二版

全新版大学英语综合教程2(第二版)课后练习答案

醉雪—风随心动 Unit1

Ways of Learning Vocabulary I 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 2.

2) 3) 4) 5) insert on occasion investigate In retrospect

5) 6) 7) 8)

initial

phenomena attached make up for

9) is awaiting

10) not; in the least 11) promote 12) emerged a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. as a financial center has evolved slowly. is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3.

1) be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2) somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3) assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1.

1) 2) 2.

1) 2) 3) continual continuous principal principal principle

3) continual 4) continuous 4) principles 5) principal III 1. themselves 2. himself/herself 3. herself/by herself/on her own

4. itself 5. ourselves

6. yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) contrast (2) exaggerating

(3) priority

(4) on the other

1/15

hand

(5) promoting

醉雪—风随心动 (6) (7) (8) 2.

(1) (2) (3) (4) pick up assist accomplish end perform facing competent

(9) occasion (10) neglecting (11) worthwhile (5) (6) (7) (8)

equipped designed approach rest

(12) superior

(9) definitely (10) quality II. translation 1.

(1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. (2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.

(3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. (4) Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it? (5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 2.

To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.

Unit2

Values Vocabulary I 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 2.

2/15

2 abrupt emotional bless wear and tear 5) 6) 7) 8) dated

consequences seemingly in contrast to 9) Curiosity 10) genuine 11) primarily 12) sentiments

醉雪—风随心动 1) confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first. 2) vital to the existence of all forms of life. 3) some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up on the subject. 4) nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy. 5) tickled him to think that she’d come to ask his advice 3.

1) a lingering; fabricating; sentiments 2) fill out; every item; vital; consequences 3) be denied; tangible; cherish; attain II 1. It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus. 2. She arrived early and took a front row seat. 3. Don’t take me for a fool. 4. It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story. 5. My uncle will take me (along on his trip) to the Arctic this summer. 6. He took the dinner plate I passed to him. 7. Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition. 8. If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it. III 1. hanging 4. being praised

7. to open 2. to give 5. not having written 8. being helped 3. to return

6. to say Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) well-off/affluent (5) deny (9) out of place (2) dated

(6) tangible (10) abrupt (3) falling into (7) pursuit (11) focus (4) bracket (8) cherishes (12) donations 2.

(1) consume (5) physically (9) traditional (2) fueled (6) security (10) follow (3) annual (7) indicates (4) plain

(8)

equally III. Translation 1.

1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. 3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to

3/15

醉雪—风随心动 the best private school. 4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life. 5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs. 2.

With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.

Unit3

The Generation Gap

Vocabulary I 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 2.

1) 2) 3) typical dumb junior glorious

5) 6) 7) 8)

welfare came over interference fading

9) narrowed down 10) frank 11) schemes 12) at any rate consists of five generals and four police officers. will be in a location overlooking the lake. was humiliated by her comments about my family background in front of so many people. 4) have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer? 5) was exhausted after the long cycle ride. 3.

1) hysterical; was handed down by; should have known better than 2) twisted; over and over; talented son 3) patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedly II. Collocation 1. adequate 2. anxious 3. certain

4. content 5. crazy 6. likely

7. fortunate 8. keen III. Usage 1. be admitted

2. live

4/15

3. be postponed

醉雪—风随心动 4. buy 5. be banned 6. be Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 2.

(1) (2) (3) (4) typical welfare constant frank talent dumb despite really same contact

(5) (6) (7) (8)

admitted attempt not tend

(7) know better than that (8) repeatedly (9) dread

(10) interference (11) bet (12) assure

(9) different (10) manner II. Translation 1.

(1) Have scientists found proof of water on Mars? (2) The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns. (3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life. (4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty. (5) Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned. 2.

George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CD’s for computer games software from his classmates.

Unit4

The Virtual World Vocabulary I

5/15

醉雪—风随心动 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 2.

1) 2) 3) conversely but then symptom spitting 5) 6) 7) 8) abusing tone took; in editing 9) have arranged 10) in sight 11) stretched 12) data smoking cigarettes jars on me. find themselves getting sucked in. has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check and repair it. 4) fled their country to avoid military service/fled to other countries to avoid military service. 5) restore people’s confidence in it. 3.

1) the virtual; on line; via 2) nightmare; routine; any appointment; arrange for 3) cue; remarks; his tune II. Collocation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. We came here all the way on foot. Private cars are not allowed on campus. They are on vacation in Florida. Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour. Don’t worry, Lucy is always on time. Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise. III. Usage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. hard difficult impossible tough hard easy Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Internet click virtual routines arrange nightmare

(7) annoying (8) connection (9) crawls (10) take in (11) spit (12) data

6/15

(13) sucked into (14) At times (15) flee (16) on line

醉雪—风随心动 2.

(1) (2) (3) (4) companion deliver access enables (5) (6) (7) (8) customers delights provides small

(9) remote

(10) information II. Translation 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits. A show Internet connection speed is really annoying. As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime. In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle. 5) Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates. 2.

Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.

Unit5

Overcoming Obstacles Vocabulary I 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 2.

1) 2) 3) 4) startled mere motion sweating stretched out

6) vain

7) On the occasion 8) anxiety 9) emotions 10) ashamed of

11) In my mind’s

eye

12) recurring coincides with her husband’s. sends the prices soaring/results in the soaring of prices. of alternate sunshine and rain. have been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics at university. 5) Tension came over her

7/15

醉雪—风随心动 3.

1) media; dedication to; grace 2) his competitors; in excitement; hug him; congratulate him on 3) emotions; numerous; intensity; passion for II. Collocation 1. Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community. 2. In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish that she (should) continue her education to acquire still another degree. 3. There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals. 4. Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat. 5. Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly. 6. Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent.

III. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I work out in the gym for one hour every morning. Florence has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees. The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons. It is difficult to understand how human minds work. To my disappointment, the manager’s plan of promoting the new products doesn’t work at all. 7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don’t know how to learn. 8. The medicine was like magic, and it worked instantly after you took it. Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 2. In my mind’s eye groan competitor intensity anxiety tense sweat tension

(9) soaring (10) recurring

(11) brought me back to earth (12) fantasy (13) sweat

(14) congratulate (15) number (16) media

8/15 8

醉雪—风随心动 (1) (2) (3) (4) engineer forget convinced how (5) (6) (7) (8) build accident thought only (9) sharp (10) touched (11) instructions (12) finally II. Translation 1.

1) It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company into a profitable business. 2) The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months. 3) We plan to repaint the upper floors of the office building. 4) His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide. 5) I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully. 2.

Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears. Consider the case of/Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

Unit6

Women, Half the Sky Vocabulary I 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 2.

1) cultural/culture indication miniature ironic

5) 6) 7) 8)

stumbled into decent buzzing abnormal

9) mechanical 10) Shuddering 11) implied 12) leap convert RMB into US dollars in the foreign exchange office at the airport. 2) didn’t know the first thing about cooking as she looked puzzled as to how to cook rice with the rice cooker.

9/15

醉雪—风随心动 3) their faulty equipment the team had accomplished some very useful work. 4) allowing me to work flexible hours as long as I work eight hours a day. 5) couldn’t help thinking the book must be quite fascinating. 3.

1) will not panic/feel panic; ’ll be at a disadvantage 2) hybrid; transmissions 3) crave; One indication; to distinguish II. Synonyms in Context 1. also 2. as well/too 3. too

4. also

5. as well/too 6. too

7. also 8. Also III. Usage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I’ve had enough When I was old enough to work and earn money can’t got enough sleep at night has so far collected enough of them have strong enough arms have just enough money to live on Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 2.

(1) (2) (3) (4) stumbled into not know the first thing about mechanical when it comes to hybrid gritted her teeth chair force secrets painstaking

(5) (6) (7) (8)

(7) premise

(8) at a disadvantage (9) panic (10) cultural (11) flexible (12) imply

(9) women (10) tutor (11) inspired (12) unless

recognized steered essentially observations II. Translation 1.

1) He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer games, he is far too clever for his classmates. 2) Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and start playing with them.

10/15

醉雪—风随心动 3) There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I’ll just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car. 4) The hunter would not have fired the shots if he had not seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite. 5) I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory---he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing. 2.

Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institution of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.

Unit7

Learning about English Vocabulary I 1.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 2.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Strictly speaking drifted resembles invaded is conquered fascinating

7) snack

8) put; into practice 9) source 10) climate

11) surrendered 12) were; aroused an absolute necessity rather than a luxury. is a valuable addition to the football team. will get out of control, if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes. Alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle. Declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months as an emergency measure to stop the spread of mad disease. 3.

1) systematic; have invented; to a very real extent; mysteries 2) to establish; to be modified/modifying 3) tolerance towards; strike out; enrich

11/15

醉雪—风随心动 II. Synonyms 1.

a) b) 2.

a) b) e) 3.

a) b) 4.

a) b) wish wish skin hide/skin

raise/rear raise royal kingly/royal

c) want

d) want/wish c) hide d) skin

c) rear/raise d) raise c) sovereign d) royal/kingly III. Usage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Indeed though Frankly Moreover To my knowledge

6. however 7. nevertheless 8. Yet 9. instead

10. in other words Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2.

(1) (2) (3) (4) fascinating tolerance invented addition ban early similar source observation

(6) corrupt

(7) out of control (8) influenced (9) elite

(10) came up with (5) (6) (7) (8)

examine features declared stronger

(11) establishing (12) Massive (13) sources (14) enrich

(9) accident (10) sprung II. Translation 1.

1) Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect. 2) On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.

12/15

醉雪—风随心动 3) He paused for effect, then said: “We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”

4) The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents. 5) We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state. / We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state. 2.

Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.

Unit8

Protecting Our Environment Vocabulary I 1.

1) barking 5) tragedies 8) grim 2) evil 6) counterpart 9) flocks; fed on 3) brooding; 7) are 10) vegetation hatched complaining/co-11) patches 4) migrant mplain 12) Scores of 2.

1) was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests. 2) the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office. 3) wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowed unnoticed. 4) looked deserted. 5) were stricken by it. 3.

1) patches; came into full bloom; were puzzled; mysterious 2) throbbed with; sickened; migrant; a chorus 3) had crept into; flickered; the stark

13/15

醉雪—风随心动 II. Word Formation 1.

Compound words Chinese meaning age-old 古老的 air force

空军 daughter-in-law 儿媳妇 first-rate 一流的 greenhouse 温室

half brother 同母异父兄弟;同父异母兄弟 ice-cream 冰淇淋 lifelike 逼真的 light year 光年

salesperson 售货员;推销员

self-centered 以自己为中心的，自私的 threefold 三倍 overuse 过度使用

stone-still 石头似的一动不动

worldwide

全世界范围的;在世界范围内

1) poverty-stricken people 5) successful spacewalk 2) heart-breaking news 6) peace-loving people 3) newly-built database 7) need-based scholarships 4) well-fed kids 8) color-blind people III. Confusable Words 1. lying 4. lain 7. lie 10. lies 2. laid 5. lie 8. lay 3. lay 6. lay

9. lay Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1.

(1) spell (7) deserted (2) stricken (8) silence (3) misfortunes (9) sickened (4) surroundings (10) hatch (5) blossom/bloom (11) puzzled (6) migrant (12) in harmony with 2.

(1) rate

(4) banned (7) accept (2) publication (5) export (8) comprehend (3) dangerous

(6) profit

(9) boundaries

14/15

醉雪—风随心动 (10) ultimately II. Translation 1.

1) This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance. 2) The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children never complained. 3) The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony with its surroundings. 4) It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun. 5) Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow. 2.

This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round, the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.

15/15 15

第二篇：最全的全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2答案

课后练习答案

Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1.

They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing. 2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel. 3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly. 4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. 5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself. 7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA. 8. The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided. 9. One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day. 10.

Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity. 11. This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking. 12. The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1. 1) The text begins with an anecdote. 2) His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West. 3) He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question. 2. Chinese 1) Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand 2) Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time Americans 1) Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems 2) Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up later Language Sense Enhancement (1) Summarizing (2) value originality and independence (3) contrast between (4) in terms of (5) harbor (6) fearful (7) comparable (8) promote creativity (9) emerge (10) picked up Language Focus Vocabulary I 1. 1) insert 2) on occasion 3) investigate 4) In retrospect 5) initial 6) phenomena 7) attached 8) make up for 9) is awaiting 10) not; in the least 11) promote 12) emerged 2. 1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2) is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3) as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4) is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5) by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1) be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2) somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3) assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1. 1) continual 2) continuous 3) continual 4) continuous 2. 1) principal 2) principal 3) principle 4) principles 5) principal III 1. themselves 2. himself/herself 3. herself/by herself/on her own 4. itself 5. ourselves 6. yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises I. cloze 1. (1) contrast (2) exaggerating (3) priority (4) on the other hand (5) promoting (6) pick up (7) assist (8) accomplish (9) occasion (10) neglecting (11) worthwhile (12) superior 2. 0- (2) perform (3) facing (4) competent (5) equipped (6) designed (7) approach (8) rest (9) definitely (10) quality II. translation 1. (1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. (2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. (3)

Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. (4) Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it? (5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 2. To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.

第三篇：医学英语综合教程第二版Unit 6

Epidemology

流行病学epidemology一词来源于希腊词，epi-，意为“在……之上”，demos意为“人群”，logos意为“关于……的研究”。换言之，epidemiology植根于某个人群有关的疾病研究。流行病学从根本上是一门有着严密科学方法的学科。它是数据驱动，用系统、客观的方法收集、分析和解释数据。基本的流行病学研究方法依靠仔细的观察，运用有效的对照组来衡量观察对象，比如在一个特定时间段，一个特定的区域疾病的发病数量或是和一种疾病发病人群的接触频率，和你预测的有何不同。

流行病学家认为疾病不会随意地在某个人群中发生，但存在与个体中的风险因子或决定因素累积到一定程度才可能发生。为了查明这些影响因素，流行病学家运用分析流行病学或流行病学研究方法来解释流行病的形成原因和传播原因。他们评估有不同发病率的人群是否在诸如人口学特征、基因及免疫构成、行为特点、环境接触或是其他所谓的潜在风险因素等方面有所不同。理想的话，这些发现将会提供充足的证据来指导直接、迅速、有效地公共卫生控制及防御措施。

流行病学及其研究方法所带来的信息已经被广泛运用。常见的用途有：

评估人群的健康

负责政策制定、实施和评价的公共卫生官员将流行病学信息作为决策的事实框架。为了评估某个人群或社区的健康状况，相关的数据来源必须经过人口、地点和时间的认定和分析。有时，为了确保医疗服务适当、充足、有效和高效，需要收集和分析更多的详细数据。影响个人的选择

许多人没有到他们利用率流行病学的信息来做出影响自身健康的日常决策。当人们决定戒烟、选择爬楼梯而不是等电梯、中餐吃沙拉而不是薯条加面包或使用避孕套的时候，他们有意或无意地受到了流行病学家对风险评估的影响。许多流行病学上的发现和人们每天做出的选择或影响他们一生健康的选择直接相关。

填补临床拼图

研究疾病的爆发时，流行病学家以来医护人员和实验室工作人员来确立对病人的正确诊断。但流行病学家也会帮助内科医生了解疾病的临床表现和历程。例如在1998年后期，一位医生接触到三个有着不明原因的嗜酸性粒细胞过多(被称为特定的一种嗜曙红血球数量的增加)和肌痛的病例。尽管医生不能确诊，但他知会了公共卫生机构的权威。几周内，流行病学家已经找到了足够的其他病例来明确后来被称为嗜酸性粒细胞过多肌痛综合症的范围和历程。

寻求病因

大量的流行病学的研究致力于寻找影响个人患病率的病因，目标是能确定病因，从而可能采取适当的公共卫生措施。有人认为因为许多流行病学是建立在生态推理的基础上，因此无法证明某种疾病的因果关系。然而，流行病学经常能提供足够的信息去支持有效的措施。此类例子可以追溯到1854年，约翰·斯诺对伦敦黄金广场的霍乱研究促成政府拆除了宽街的饮水泵把手：还有1999年轮状病毒疫苗的召回正是因为流行病学专家发现该疫苗有可能增加患肠套叠(一种潜在的威胁生命的情形)的风险。流行病学与检验学共同提供证据帮助确定病因。

第四篇：全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程1答案

Unit 1 VocabularyI

1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5) hold back 6) distribute 7) off and on 8) vivid 9) associate 10) finally 11) turn in 12) tackle 2.1) has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.

2) was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3) a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. 4) gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5) buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out.

3. 1)reputation, rigid, to inspire 2) and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas 3) compose, career, avoid showing , hardly hold back II 1.compsed 2.severe 3 agony 4extraordinary 5 recall 6 command 7 was violating 8 anticipate III 1 at 2 for 3 of 4 with 5 as 6 about 7 to 8 in, in 9 from 10 on/upon Comprehensive Exercises I Cloze A (1) hold back (2) tedious (3) scanned (4) recall (5) vivid (6) off and on (7) turn out/in (8)career B (1)last (2) surprise (3)pulled (4) blowing (5)dressed (6)scene (7) extraordinary (8) image (9) turn (10) excitement II Translation

1. 1) As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2) His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3) Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4) It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.

5) It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a -severe water shortage. 2. Susan lost her legs because of/ in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning through some magazines, a true story caught her eye. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life.

Unit 2 Text A

P40 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) absolutely 2)available 3) every now and then 4) are urging/ urged 5) destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8) right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12) going ahead 2. (1) in the examination was still on his mind (2) was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. (3) was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. (4) has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. (5) of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $ 2 million. 3 1) were postponed, the awful, is estimated 2) reference, not available, am kind of 3) not much of a teacher , skips, go ahead

P41 II collocation 1 to, 2 for, 3 at, 4 from, 5 in, 6 to, 7 on, 8 with P42 III Usage

1 more or less, 2. kind of/ sort of 3 Something 4 kind of/ sort of 5. more or less 6. or something

P43 Comprehensive ExercisesI Text-related

(1)choked up (2) awful (3)practically (4)neighborhood (5) correspondence

(6)available (7)destination (8) reunion (9) Mostly (10)postponing (11) absolutely Theme-related

(1)how (2) saving (3)embarrassment (4)phone (5)interrupted (6)touch (7)envelope (8)signed (9) message (10)needed

P44 Translation I、

1、Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.

2、Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.

3、Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.

4、He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through World War II.

5、Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates. II、

It is not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away. This is certainly true in my case. It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. I’ve been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just don’t seem to find the time. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in future.

Text B

P49 Comprehension Check 1—7 dbadcdd P50 Language Practice

1、 cedgfhab

2、 (1)stuff (2)despair (3)was peering/peered (4)soaked (5)swung (6)in good shape (7) extent (8) rescue (9)draw on (10)Worse still (11) burst into (12)flinging

第五篇：全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3 课后练习答案

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live

Text A Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P. 12)

1) special qualities

2) a tight budget

3) entertain

4) anyway

5) involved

6) requirement

7) on a small scale

8) temptation

9) Instead

10) machinery

Language Focus Vocabulary I. 1. (P. 15 ) 1) On balance

2) resist

3) haul

4) wicked 5) illustrated

6) budget

7) lowering

8) boundary 9) involved

10) economic

11) blasting

12) just about 2. (P. 16 )

1) cut back / down

2) pick up

3) get by

4) get through 5) face up to

6) turn in

7) making up for

8) think up 3. (P. 17 )

1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2) often generate misleading thoughts. 3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work. 4) be suspected of doing everything for money. 5) before he gets through life. 4. (P. 17 ) 1) their indoor a profit

to invest in 2) device

the improvement on a global scale 3) stacked temptation

never dined out

II. Confusable Words (P. 18 ) 1. 1) house

2) home

3) home, family

4) household 2. 1) doubt

2) suspected

3) doubted

4) suspected

5) suspect

III. Word Formation (P. 19 ) 1) rise

2) final 3) regular 4) cash

5) hows and whys 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze

1. (P. 20 ) 1) gets by

2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements 5) aside from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit

9) stacking

2. (P. 21 )

1 1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit

4) world 5) tough 6) fuels

7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance

10) ideal

II. Translation 1. (P. 21 ) 1) We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor. 2) My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3) The toys have to meet strict / tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4) Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of new and opinion. 5) When it comes to this magazine, it is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 2. (P. 22 ) A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives. But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.

Text B Comprehension Check (P. 27 ) a

Translation (P. 28 ) 1. 什么? 你说那听起来不像你府上的生活?其实，不仅仅是你一个人这么想。事实上，大多数人可能都跟你一样这么想的。 2. 例如，《交给比弗吧》一剧中妈妈带着珍珠项链，穿着高跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装，系着领带。

3. 要是电视网或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可以提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的节目：新近发行的电影、动画片、“成人”电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、体育及入门指南录像带。

4. 如今，妈妈在看她的有线电视销售服务节目的时候，爸爸可能想租一部动作片。而在姐姐想看《辛普森一家》时，弟弟妹妹却在玩《让我们炸毁土星》的电子游戏。

Language Practice 1. (P. 28 ) 1) g 2) f

3) e 4) d

5) b 6) h 7) a 8) c

2. (P. 29 )

2 1) roast 4) get along 7) taken over 10) dizzy

2) cable

5) missed out on

8) make sense

11) gasped

3) at one time

6) commute 9) go with 12) networks

Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes

Text A Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P. 41)

1) mission

2) courageous

3) forged

4) escape routes

5) liberate

6) authorized

7) honor

8) scheduled

9) exploits

10) intent on

Language Focus Vocabulary I. 1. (P. 44) 1) decades

2) historic

3) imposed 4) religious

5) slender

6) web 7) bade

8) site

9) on the side 10) authorized

11) terminal

12) make the best of 2. (P. 45) 1) went through

2) stood up for

3) laid down

4) take on 5) let (us) down

6) draw on

7) fall into

8) pass for 3. (P. 46) 1) are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry. 2) in the eyes of Joe Klein , staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling. 3) people are really intent on destroying themselves with drug. 4) could forge a completely different approach to life. 5) is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run. 4. (P. 47) 1) As for

do not compel

capture of

have forged 2) At huge risk

the mission

shelter 3) who abolished

In the eyes of

racial

II. Words with Multiple Meanings (P. 47) 1. I’ll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but first let me hear about your French trip. 2. Most McDonald’s look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.

3 3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis. 4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble: it’s always breaking down. 5. In your resume you’ve mentioned everything but one vital point.

6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem. 7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus. 8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.

III. Usage (P. 49) 1. lonely

2. friendly

3. weekly

monthly

4. lovely 5. cowardly

6. kindly / saintly

7. lively

8. motherly

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 50) 1) forged

2) stand up

3) compelled

4) convictions

5) mission

6) abolish

7) intent on

8) risk

9) In the eyes of

10) threats 2. (P. 50) 1) assistance

2) involved

3) estimated

4) coincidence 5) emerged

6) referred

7) numerous

8) stationed 9) concern

10) capture

II. Translation 1. (P. 51) 1) Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2) Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3) According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4) Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5) Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 2. (P. 52) Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden, Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

Text B Comprehension Check (P.57) b

Translation (P.58) 1. 这一和平的不服从行为在蒙哥马利引发了抗议，最终使少数民族权利在法律上发生了变化，开创了美国民权运动的新时代。

2. 后来她解释说，这儿似乎是她结束受人摆布，弄清如果有的话她究竟有何人权的地方。 3. 但是，蒙哥马利的黑人团体认为应该团结在她周围组织抗议活动，她是适合担此重任的公民，因为她是该市最优秀的公民之一。 4. 他说：“只有极少人能说自己的行动和行为改变了国家的面貌。罗莎帕克斯就是那些人中的一个。”

Language Practice 1. (P. 58)

c 2. (P. 59) 1) trial

2) activist

3) equality 4) arrested

5) transportation

6) representatives 7) legal

8) boycotts

9) fame 10) representation

11) ushered in

12) lain in honor / in state

Unit 3 Security

Text A Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P. 70)

1) electronic

2) hooked up to

3) suburban

4) built in

5) uncommon

6) announcing

7) surveillance

8) symbol

9) featured

10) attached to

Language Focus Vocabulary I.

1. (P. 72)

1) threatens

2) by a small margin 3) civilize

4) closed up 5) wandered

6) paste 7) without so much as

8) sideways 9) hook up to

10) universal 11) chart

12) Bathed in 2. (P. 73)

5 1) narrowed down

2) looked back on 3) cut off

4) fit into 5) wear (the other) down

6) lies in 7) put up

8) stand for 3. (P. 74)

1) which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford 2) with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger 3) feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986 — killing all seven crew 4) threatened to keep the pupils in after school they were quieted at once 5) are a major barrier to the country’s economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange 4. (P. 74)

1) looked back on, atmosphere, urban life 2) era, hooked up to, the electronic 3) the suburb, a sophisticated, system, analyze, make errors

II. Collocation (P. 75) 1) away 2) inside / in 3) forward / through 4) back 5) off 6) home 7) back down 8) in, out

III. Usage (P. 76)

1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be. 2. Most men do not look unattractive in them. 3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment. 4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city’s violent crimes. 5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 77) 1) Statistics

2) rural 3) era

4) stood for 5) on the latch

6) vulnerable 7) barriers

8) electronic 9) reflection

10) civilized 2. (P. 78) 1) tougher

2) liable 3) shift

4) electric 5) cautious

6) sophisticated 7) thieves

8) break

6 9) chances

10) signs

II. Translation 1. (P. 78) 1) The Internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in urban or rural areas. 2) Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. 3) With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to analyze the chart of unemployment first, and then provide critical reflections on the nation’s economic development. 4 ) It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin. 5) Looking back on my twenty years’ teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge. 2. (P. 79) It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure / Assure yourself that you don’t leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.

Text B Comprehension Check (P. 85) 1. b

2. b

3.b

4.d

5.a

6.d

Translation (P. 85) 1. 时至今日，我成了一个典型的被枪支制造商看重并视为其潜在买主的那种女人——成了成千上万个采取这种行动的人中的一员。

2. 据称他的犯罪行为非常野蛮，他加害于人的欲望非常强烈，这使我开始对自己在任何情况下决不杀人的信念产生了怀疑。

3. 我意识到，自己曾积极提倡的一厢情愿的和平主义会为害自身，更糟的是，会为害我的儿子。于是我极不情愿地决定：为了我们的生存，我必须确保有一个最佳选择方案。 4. 我手指扣住扳机，最后用力一扣，在亲手结束侵入者性命的同时也庆幸自己没有成为牺牲品。

Language Practice 1. (P. 86) d

c 2. (P. 86) 1) belief

2) wrapping

3) draw the line at

4) break into 5) take the plunge

6) squeeze

7) advocated

8) insure 9) in his favor

10) Under no circumstances

11) on the line

12) aimed at

Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space Alien?

Text A Language Sense Enhancement (P.101) I. 1) concentration

2) lie down 3) balance

4) engross himself in 5) stimulated

6) more so 7) curious

8) assessment 9) credited

10) intelligence

Language Focus Vocabulary 1. (P. 104) 1) accordingly

2) loose 3) concentration

4) stimulating 5) fabric

6) if anything 7) reality

8) intuition 9) trifle

10) at the turn of the century 11) mess

12) undermine 2. (P. 105) 1) approve of

2) slow down 3) take in

4) sucked into 5) set … apart

6) dozed off 7) call forth

8) stretch into 9) keep up with

10) believe in 3. (P. 105) 1) provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.

2) is credited to his powers of imagination.

3) on the foundations of an agricultural revolution.

4) not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse.

5) the outbreak of the Second World War. 4. (P. 106) 1) flaw

came to the conclusion

would get nowhere 2) in a row

dozed off

a mess of

3) outbreak of

has undermined

has strained

II. Collocation (P. 106)

1. With Christmas only a week away 2. With his physical condition improving day by day 3. With our GDP growing steadily 4. With all the shops closed 5. with her eyes closed 6. With the fog lifting during the night

III. Usage (P. 107) 1. like / as

2. as

3. like

4. like / as 5. as / like

6. as

7. like

8. as

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 108) 1) caution

2) came to the conclusion

3) never get anywhere 4) undermining

5) not give / care a fig

6) flaw 7) beyond any doubt

8) foundation

9) remarkable / impressive 10) imagination 2. (P. 109)

1) extent

2) inventions

3) bet 4) manages

5) vision

6) eventually 7) achievement

8) poverty

9) utilized 10) breakthrough

II. Translation 1. (P. 109) 1) The volunteers sent / assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague 2) Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed. 3) Professor Wang received / won the Presidential Award fro his excellence in stimulating students’ creative imagination. 4) As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approve of the economic stimulus package. 5) Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up / meet the challenge by himself. 2. (P. 110) What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the United Nations declared it “The World Year of Physics”. It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievement can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.

Unit 5 Giving Thanks

Text A Language Sense Enhancement

9 1. (P. 146) 1) decades

2) undergoing 3) had done wrong

4) welcome reassurance 5) appreciated

6) brought back

7) relatives

8) accomplish 9) consume

10) representing

Language Focus Vocabulary 1. (P. 149) 1) sprinkled

2) in turn

3) reversed

4) repay 5) at sea

6) traditional

7) statement

8) longed for 9) in secret

10) unloaded

11) weep

12) under way 2. (P. 150) 1) stretch out

2) make out

3) hope for

4) turns … over 5) put away

6) brings back

7) got to

8) go about 3. (P. 150) 1) diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy. 2) accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and environmental development in the region. 3) are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated. 4) has been immersed in British history and culture. 5) in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident. 4. (P. 151) 1) my sincere

considerate of

with gratitude 2) assembled

amid the

in quest of 3) was marvelous

had undergone

swift

and the rest

II. Collocation (P. 151)

1, fond of

2. sick of

3. thoughtful of

4. confident of 5. conscious of

6. critical of

7. guilty of

8. ashamed of

III. Usage (P. 152)

1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say. 2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success. 3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 4. I think I’ll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out. 5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 153)

10 1) at sea

2) Turning over 3) reverse

4) got to 5) repay

6) gratitude 7) assembled

8) immersed in 9) unloading

10) swift 2. (P. 153) 1) Instead

2) possessions 3) richer

4) breath 5) cherish

6) special 7) specific

8) shining 9) miracles

10) gift

II. Translation 1. (P. 154)

1) Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice. 2) I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science. 3) The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China. 4) Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair. 5) Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help. 2. (P. 154) Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George’s father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop’s famous saying “Gratitude is the sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.

Unit 6 The Human Touch

Text A Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P.174)

1) curling

2) looking the part 3) masterpiece

4) to excess 5) For the rest

6) smelling strongly of 7) fancy

8) light and fragile 9) slight hold upon the world

10) streaming

Language Focus Vocabulary

11 I. 1. (P.176)

1) masterpieces

2) fragile 3) fancy

4) nonsense 5) cling to

6) endure 7) acute

8) whistle 9) mock

10) subtracted 11) Sin

12) flutter / fluttering 2. (P.177) 1) gave in / gave up

2) figure out

3) sized up

4) wiped out

5) pulling up

6) wear away 7) sit up

8) hear of / about 3. (P. 178) 1) usually stand out in childhood memories 2) a joint bachelor’s degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University 3) still stalks the country 4) scarcely any surface water in the desert 5) for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it 4. (P. 178) 1) dreary

mingled with

not to excess

a merry 2) called to us

in a whisper

in tune with 3) backward

wet through

won’t hear of

turn loose your

II. Words with Multiple Meanings (P. 179) 1. He went to Paris on business last month. 2. The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m. 3. As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go. 4. We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains. 5. Let’s go and have a drink in the bar. 6. The store is going to close up soon. 7. South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter-finals. 8. When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.

III. Usage (P. 180)

1. a little white wooden house 2. long, curly red hair 3. a large old round table 4. a cheap Indian restaurant 5. a huge cool chocolate ice-cream 6. rapid technological advance 7. a handsome young Chinese American

Comprehensive Exercises

12 I. Cloze 1. (P. 181) 1) in tune

2) Scarcely

3) in a whisper

4) cling to

5) merry 6) sat up

7) nonsense

8) fancy

9) sin

10) masterpiece 2. (P. 181)

1) mission

2) involve

3) jail

4) not

5) collect 6) deliver

7) beautiful

8) vocation

9) need

10) small

II. Translation 1. (P. 182) 1) The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky. 2) The salary in / for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied. 3) The waters of the two streams mingle near our village. 4) We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs. 5) The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture. 2. (P. 182) Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn-out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be “in tune with” other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.

Unit 7

Making a Living

Text A Life of a Salesman Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P202)

1) trapped

2) impatient

3) rushed about

4) future

5) rise above his limitations

6) applied for

7) product

8) door-to-door

9) representative

10) gave in

Language focus Vocabulary 1. (P. 205) 1) disabled

2) impatient

3) solitary

4) crushed 5) feel like

6) lashed

7) echoing

8) paused 9) betrayed

10) laundry

11) section

12) tilted 2. (P. 206) 1) cared for

2) hang on 3) was laid up with 4) are gaining on 5) kicked up

6) went off 7) drop ... off

8) straighten out

13 3. (P. 207) 1) sometimes didn’t register with her.

2) in disorder, drawers pulled out, shoes and boots scattered. 3) was transferred from Father’s account to my account.

4) a pledge to contribute 1000,000 dollars to the Children in Needed charity campaign. 5) the most profitable business in that province. 4. (P. 207) 1) gaining on

off balance

was laid up in

scar on 2) a cripple / crippled

surgery

limitations

in literature 3) commission

on the phone

his territory

never registers with

II. Usage (P. 208) 1. I never did go over these books, although I probably should have. 2. I know this is a personal question. You don’t have to answer me if you don’t want to. 3. I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosophers than it has. 4. “I think you’re right.” — “I’m sure I am.”

5. “He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case.” —“Well, it might be.” 6. “Sugar?” ---- “No. Maybe next time.”

7. The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more. 8. DIANE: You didn’t! Tell me you didn’t! FATHER: Oh, yes. Anything for my children.

III. Word Family (P. 209) 1. 1) bored

2) boredom

3) bored

4) boringly

5) boring 2. 1) encouraged

2) encouragingly

3) encouraging

4) encouragement 3. 1) frozen

2) freeze

3) freezing

4) freezer

5) freeze

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 210) 1) off … feet

2) signature

3) commission

4) on the phone 5) laid up

6) surgery

7) territory

8) disorder 9) applying for

10) dignity 2. (P. 211) 1) didn’t

2) read

3) come

4) money

5) because 6) earning

7) doing

8) own

9) obviously

10) value

II. Translation 1. (P. 211) 1) I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday. 2) The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months. 3) Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder. 4) I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately, I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.

14 5) Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations --- for example, you don’t have your own gardens. 2. (P. 212) Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win / gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being. Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sportswear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him.

Text B Comprehension Check (P. 217) c

Translation (P. 217) 1. 当时我俩并未意识到这一点，但那就是我们之间开始拉开距离的日子，是开始在家庭内部重新界定劳动者的意义的日子。

2. 他没有想到的是，他的大儿子打破了蓝领规则的第一条：赚尽可能多的钱，过尽可能好的生活。

3. 爸爸就像家人期望的那样，学了一门手艺，过上了一种预先设计的单调生活。 4. 与此同时，他继续他的蓝领生活，一块一块地砌砖。

Language Practice 1. (P. 218) h

g 2. (P. 218) 1) institutions

2) campus

3) myth

4) advertise 5) criticized

6) took on

7) putting…through

8) settled into 9) come down to

10) lucrative

11) loaded

12) scratch

Unit 8 Cloning

Text A Language Sense Enhancement 1. (P. 234) 1) in some ways

2) make the most of

3) individual

4) replicated 5) roadmap

6) in place

7) result from

8) dissuade 9) Quite honestly

10) legislate

15 Vocabulary 1. (P. 237) 1) complications

2) tremendous

3) brilliant

4) analysis

5) transplant, transplant

6) In a sense

7) consented

8) In some ways 9) eyesight

10) in reality

11) implanted

12) procedures 2. (P. 238) 1) focus … on

2) come forward

3) result from

4) go through

5) carry out

6) work on

7) feed on

8) settled over 3. (P. 239) 1) resulted from a childhood illness 2) was condemned by the trade unions as endangering jobs 3) in place, even those with persistent, long-term mental illness can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives 4) but apparently showed disapproval of his behavior 5) you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer 4. (P. 239) 1) misconceptions, potential, make the most of 2) donated, contentious issue, and opponents 3) a fraud , in some ways, condemn him

II. Collocation (P. 240) 1) permission to adopt her 2) a willingness to restart peace talks 3) failure to find meaning in life 4) his determination to realize his ideals 5) attempt to blow up the bridge 6) an opportunity to pursue a college degree

III. Usage (P. 241) 1) Do you consider it any good continuing your investigations? 2) It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion 3) I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies 4) It is no good bothering about such a trifle 5) It won’t do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment 6) We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half way

Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. (P. 242) 1) issue

2) contentious

3) clones

4) potential

5) condemn 6) misconceptions

7) opponents

8) results from

9) come forward

10) donated 2. (P. 242) 1) prospect

2) intention

3) Despite

4) developing

5) publish 6) condemned

7) among

8) standpoint

9) standard

10) rejection

II. Translation 1. (P. 243) 1) Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be. 2) Eighty-five percent of the people in the local area in full-time employment; only 3% describe themselves as unemployed. 3) The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers. 4) In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint. 5) The global financial crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months, many factories have closed down by necessity. 2. (P. 244)

Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997. A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue has focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing, individuality, et cetera. The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings. Scientists believe that with politics and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we can all benefit from this procedure.

Text B Comprehension Check (P. 248) d

Translation (P. 248) 1. 时至今日，眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而非简单规范的呼声即将再起，我倒想说: “慢一点来。”

2. 就像禁止人工流产和婚外性行为一样，禁止克隆人肯定难以实施。 3. 由于是人工生育而被认为缺乏道德，这样的苦境不是会糟糕得多吗? 4. 因此，如果要禁止克隆人，其理由应比任何已经提出的更为有力才行。

Language Practice 1. (P. 249) 1) c

2) h

3) g

4) e

5) a

6) b

7) d

8) f 2. (P. 249) 1) artificial

2) labeled