考研英语阅读文章练习

第一篇：考研英语阅读文章练习

小学阅读——概括文章主要内容练习题(学生版)

概括文章主要内容练习题

一、标题扩充法

例：《卖火柴的小女孩》

天冷极了，下着雪，又快黑了。这是一年的最后一天——大年夜。在这又冷又黑的晚上，一个乖巧的小女孩儿，赤着脚在街上走着。她从家里出来的时候还穿着一双拖鞋，但是有什么用呢?那是一双很大的拖鞋——那么大，一向是她妈妈穿的。她穿过马路的时候，两辆马车飞快地冲过来，吓得她把鞋都跑掉了。一只怎么也找不着，另一只叫一个男孩儿捡起来拿着跑了。他说，将来他有了孩子，可以拿它当摇篮。

小女孩儿只好赤着脚走，一双小脚冻得红一块青一块的。她的旧围裙里兜着许多火柴，手里还拿着一把。这一整天，谁也没买过她一根火柴，谁也没给过她一个钱。

可怜的小女孩儿!她又冷又饿，哆哆嗦嗦地向前走。雪花落在她的金黄的长头发上，那头发打成卷儿披在肩上，看上去很美丽，不过她没注意这些。每个窗子里都透出灯光来，街上飘着一股烤鹅的香味儿，因为这是大年夜——她可忘不了这个。

她在一座房子的墙角里坐下来，蜷着腿缩成一团。她觉得更冷了。她不敢回家，因为她没卖掉一根火柴，没挣到一个钱，爸爸一定会打她的。再说，家里跟街上一样冷。他们头上只有个房顶，虽然最大的裂缝已经用草和破布堵住了，风还是可以灌进来。

她的一双小手几[jī]乎冻僵(jiānɡ)了。啊，哪怕一根小小的火柴，对她也是有好处的!她敢从成把的火柴里抽出一根，在墙上擦燃了，来暖和暖和自己的小手吗?她终于抽出了一根。哧(chī)!火柴燃起来了，冒出火焰来了!她把小手拢在火焰上。多么温暖多么明亮的火焰啊，简直像一支小小的蜡烛。这是一道奇异的火光!小女孩儿觉得自己好像坐在一个大火炉前面，火炉装着闪亮的铜脚和铜把手，烧得旺旺的，暖烘烘的，多么舒服啊!哎，这是怎么回事呢?她刚把脚伸出去，想让脚也暖和一下，火柴灭了，火炉不见了。她坐在那儿，手里只有一根烧过了的火柴梗(ɡěnɡ)。

她又擦了一根。火柴燃起来了，发出亮光来了。亮光落在墙上，那儿忽然变得像薄纱那么透明，她可以一直看到屋里。桌上铺着雪白的台布，摆着精致的盘子和碗，肚子里填满了苹果和梅子的烤鹅正冒着香气。更妙的是这只鹅从盘子里跳下来，背上插着刀和叉，摇摇摆摆地在地板上走着，一直向这个穷苦的小女孩儿走来。这时候，火柴灭了，她面前只有一堵又厚又冷的墙。

她又擦着了一根火柴。这一回，她坐在美丽的圣诞树下。这棵圣诞树，比她去年圣诞节透过富商家的玻璃门看到的还要大，还要美。翠绿的树枝上点着几千支明晃晃的蜡烛，许多幅美丽的彩色画片，跟挂在商店橱窗里的一个样，在向她眨眼睛。小女孩儿向画片伸出手去。这时候，火柴又灭了。只见圣诞树上的烛光越升越高，最后成了在天空中闪烁的星星。有一颗星星落下来了，在天空中划出了一道细长的红光。

“有一个什么人快要死了。”小女孩儿说。唯一疼她的奶奶活着的时候告诉过她：一颗星星落下来，就有一个灵魂要到上帝那儿去了。

她在墙上又擦着了一根火柴。这一回，火柴把周围全照亮了。奶奶出现在亮光里，是那么温和，那么慈爱。

“奶奶!”小女孩儿叫起来，“啊!请把我带走吧!我知道，火柴一灭，您就会不见的，像那暖和的火炉，喷[pèn]香的烤鹅，美丽的圣诞树一样，就会不见的!”

她赶紧擦着了一大把火柴，要把奶奶留住。一大把火柴发出强烈的光，照得跟白天一样明亮。奶奶从来没有像现在这样高大，这样美丽。奶奶把小女孩儿抱起来，搂在怀里。她俩在光明和快乐中飞走了，越飞越高，飞到那没有寒冷，没有饥饿，也没有痛苦的地方去了。第二天清晨，这个小女孩儿坐在墙角里，两腮(sāi)通红，嘴上带着微笑。她死了，

在旧年的大年夜冻死了。新年的太阳升起来了，照在她小小的尸体上。小女孩儿坐在那儿，手里还捏着一把烧过了的火柴梗。

“她想给自己暖和一下……”人们说。谁也不知道她曾经看到过多么美丽的东西，她曾经多么幸福，跟着她奶奶一起走向新年的幸福中去。

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二、段意归纳法

例：《我爱湖》

爱浩瀚深沉的大海，爱奔腾不息的长江，爱汹涌澎湃的黄河，爱活泼欢快的小溪，但我更爱美丽的温柔的湖。

湖是静的，宛如明镜一般，清晰地映出蓝的天，白的云，红的花，绿的树。

湖是活的，层层粼浪随风而起，伴着跳跃的阳光，伴着我的心，在追逐，在嬉戏。湖是软的，微风习习，波纹道道，象一幅迎风飘舞的绸。

湖是硬的，象一块无瑕的翡翠，闪烁着美丽的光泽。

我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。我想，湖里一定有一个明亮的水晶宫，那是金鱼的家园，不然，它们为什么会整天那么快活?水晶宫里一定有一块巨大、发光的翡翠，不然，湖水为什么会绿得这样美?我凝视湖面，偶或投一枚小石子，让它激起一圈圈涟漪，又或放一纸船，让它随着湖波飘荡。

静静的湖是可爱的，但雨中的湖更是动人。

细丝般的春雨飘下来，不停地织啊织啊，织出湖面绿色的“锦”。“锦”上无穷无尽的圆环，象美丽的姑娘绣出的朵朵鲜花。

雷雨到来的时候，湖最热闹。看，天空中一道亮光，那是开幕的礼花上了天。听，“轰轰”礼炮响了，联欢会就要开始了。等大雨一下，联欢会马上开始，你就会看到湖面上朵朵竞相开放的雨花，那是在翩翩起舞的金鱼姑娘头上的玉花。你想知道节目是否精彩，不用焦急，那“哗哗”的雷鸣般的“掌声”，不是最好的说明吗?

湖是美的，我深爱着湖。

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三、要素串联法

例：《董存瑞舍身炸碉堡》

1948年5月25日，攻城的大炮震撼(hàn)着整个隆化城，解放隆化的战斗打响了。战士们像潮水一般冲向敌军司令部所在地———隆化中学。嗒嗒嗒„„从一座桥上，突然喷出六条火舌，封锁了我军前进的道路。那座桥架在隆化中学墙外的一条旱河上。狡(jiǎo)猾(huá)的敌人在桥的两侧筑了墙，顶上加了盖，构成了一座碉堡。冲锋的部队被压在一个小土坡下面，抬不起头。冲在最前面的一个战士倒下了。

董存瑞瞪着敌人的碉堡，两眼迸(bâng)射出仇恨的火花。他跑到连长身边，坚决地说：“连长，我去炸掉它!”

“连长，我掩护!”战友郅顺义也恳切地说。

连长和指导员商量了一下，同意了他们的请求。

“同志们，扔手榴弹!”连长给战士们下了命令。

董存瑞抱起炸药包，郅顺义背起两兜手榴弹，同时跃出战壕(háo)，冲了上去。他们互相配合，郅顺义扔一阵手榴弹，董存瑞就向前跃进几步;郅顺义再扔一阵，董存瑞再跃进几步。跟在后面的战友把一捆捆手榴弹送到郅顺义手里。

敌人的机枪更疯狂了，子弹扑哧扑哧打在董存瑞身边，地上冒起了点点尘土和白烟。董存瑞夹紧炸药包一会儿忽左忽右地匍匐前进，一会儿又向前滚了好几米。突然，他身子一震，左腿中了一枪。他用手一摸，全是血。敌人的机枪一齐向董存瑞扫射，在他面前交织成一道火网。董存瑞离碉堡只有几十米了。他隐蔽在一小块凹地里。郅顺义接二连三地扔手榴弹掩护。董存瑞趁着腾起的黑烟，猛冲到桥下。

董存瑞看看四周，这座桥有一人多高，两边是光滑的斜坡。炸药包放在哪儿呢?他想把炸药包放到河沿上，试了两次，都滑了下来。要是把炸药包放在河床上，又炸不毁碉堡。就在这时候，嘹亮的冲锋号响了，惊天动地的喊杀声由远而近。在这万分紧急的关头，董存瑞昂首挺胸，站在桥底中央，左手托起炸药包，顶住桥底，右手猛地一拉导火索。导火索“哧哧”地冒着白烟，闪着火花。火光照亮了他那钢铸一般的脸。一秒钟、两秒钟„„他像巨人一样挺立着，两眼放射着坚毅的光芒。他抬头眺望远方，用尽力气高喊着：“同志们，为了新中国，冲啊!”

巨大的喊声震得地动山摇，前进的道路炸开了。战士们冲过烟雾，沿着董存瑞开辟的道路杀向敌军司令部，消灭了全部敌人。胜利的红旗在隆化中学上空迎风飘扬。

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四、句子摘录法

例：《伟大的友谊》 马克思和恩格斯是好朋友。他们共同研究学问，共同领导国际工人运动，共同办报，编杂，共同起草文件。著名的《共产党宣言》就是他们共同起草的。

马克思是共产主义理念的奠基人。他受反动政府的迫害，长期流亡在外，生活很穷苦。但他毫不在意，仍然坚强地进行研究工作和革命活动。恩格斯把马克思的生活困难看做自己的困难，省吃俭用，把节省下来的钱不断地寄给马克思。1863年初，马克思一家到了一一贫如洗的地步。马克思打算让大女儿和二女儿停学，找个地方做工去，自己和燕妮、小女儿搬到贫民窟去住。恩格斯得知这个消息后，连忙打电报劝说马克思别这么做，又迅速筹集又一笔钱，汇给了马克思，使马克思一家暂时渡过了难关。马克思在给恩格斯的信中写道：“亲爱的恩格斯，你寄来的100英镑我收到了。我简直没法表达我们全家人对你的感激之情。”

碰到恩格斯需要帮助的时候，马克思同样竭尽全力，毫不犹豫。1848年11月，恩格斯逃亡到瑞士，因为走时匆忙，身边没带多少钱。马克思知道了，连忙从病床上挣扎起来，到银行将自己仅有的钱取出，全部寄给了恩格斯。

马克思和恩格斯不不仅在生活上互相关心，互相帮助，更重要的是他们在共产主义的事业亲密合作。

他们同住在伦敦时，每天下午，恩格斯总要到马克思家里去。他们讨论各种政治事件和科学问题，一连谈上好几个小时，各抒已见，滔滔不绝，有时候还进行激烈的争论。天气晴朗的日子，他们就一起到郊外散步。后来他们住在两个地方，就经常通信，彼此交换对政治事件和意见和研究工作的成果。

他们时时刻刻设法帮助对方，为对方在事业上的成就感到骄傲。马克思答应给一家英文报纸写通讯稿时，还没有精通英文，恩格斯就帮他翻译。恩格斯从事著述的时候，马克思也往往放下自己的工作，帮助他编写其中的某些部分。

1883年，马克思逝世。这使恩格斯悲痛万分。朋友们劝恩格斯去旅行，散散心。但他想到马克思生前用毕生精力写作的《资本论》还没完成，就谢绝了朋友们的劝说，并放下自己的研究工作，着手整理和出版《资本论》的最后两卷。他日以继夜地抄写、整理、补充、编排，几次累得生病。花了整整11年时间，才完成了这部伟大的著作。恩格斯说：“这是我喜欢的劳动，因为这时我又和我的老朋友在一起了。”

马克斯和恩格斯合作了40年，共同创造了伟大的马克思主义。在40年里，在向着共同目标的奋斗中，他们建立了伟大的友谊。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 课后练习

祖国，我终于回来了

钱学森是我国杰出的科学家。他早年留学美国，以优异的学习成绩获得了博士学位，成了航空工程和空气动力学专家。他在火箭研究方面取得了很大进展，被美国麻省理工学院聘为终身教授。在美国，金钱、地位、名誉，他都有了。

但是，当一听到中华人民共和国成立的消息，钱学森便立即决定回国工作。他说：“我是中国人，我可以放弃这里的一切，但不能放弃祖国。我应该早日回到祖国去，为建设新中国贡献自己的全部力量。”

1950年9月，钱学森辞去工作，办好了回国手续，买好了回国的飞机票，把行李交给了美国航空公司。然而就在这时，他接到美国移民局的通知：不准回国!他只好退掉飞机票。美国海关把他的行李打开检查，硬说里面藏着重要机密，说钱学森是间谍。其实，他的行李里面装的只是准备带回国的教科书和笔记本。几天后，钱学森突然被捕，被关在一个海岛的拘留所里，受到无休止的折磨。每天晚上，看守人员每隔10分钟就来开一次灯，使他根本不能休息。半个月时间，他的体重就下降了近15千克。

美国当局对钱学森的迫害，引起了美国科学界的公愤。不少美国朋友出面营救钱学森。他们募捐15000美元，把钱学森从拘留所里保释出来。但是，美国联邦调查局仍不放松对他的迫害。他的行动受到限制，信件受到检查，电话受到监听。然而，钱学森没有屈服，他不断提出要求：我要离开美国，回到祖国去。

这样，他坚持斗争了5年。他的斗争得到世界各国主持正义的人们的支持，更得到了中国政府和中国人民的极大关怀。周恩来总理对钱学森十分关心，亲自过问他的情况，并指示参加中美两国大使级会晤的中国代表，在会晤中提出钱学森博士回国的问题。1955年，美国政府被迫同意钱学森回国。同年9月17日，钱学森登上了回国的轮船。10月8日，他含着幸福的泪花回到了祖国的怀抱。

钱学森到达北京的第二天，就带着全家人来到天安门广场。望着雄伟的天安门城楼，他激动地说：“我相信我一定能回到祖国，现在终于回来了!”

阅读文章，概括其主要内容。

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第二篇：初一英语专项练习阅读理解练习(二)

SBS阅读理解专项练习(一)

2007-5-6

( 1 ) Jim goes to Tokyo. He wants to see his aunt. But when he walks out of the station, he can’t find his way. The city is now quite different. He sees a man outside a police station, so he goes up to ask him for help the man looks at him for a long time, then says, “I’m sorry, sir. I’m from another city. I’m standing here and want to find a policeman. He may tell you the way.” (

) 1. Jim goes to Tokyo ___.

A to see his friend

B to see his father

C to see his classmate

D to see his aunt

(

) 2. He goes to Tokyo ___.

A for the first time

B for the last time

C not for the first time D only one time (

) 3. The man ___.

A works in Tokyo

B knows Jim

C doesn’t live in Tokyo D like the city (

) 4. The man ___.

A doesn’t know the way

B answers at once C doesn’t want to answer D doesn’t like Jim (

) 5. The best title is “___”.

A Going to London

B Seeing his aunt

C Seeing a policeman

D Asking the way

( 2 ) On weekdays Mary gets __1__ at 5:30. She dresses, __2__ her face and does morning exercises. She __3__ breakfast at 6:30 and then she __4__ to school. She goes there __5__ bike. She gets __6__ school at about 7:15 every day. She doesn’t like to __7__ late. Classes begin __8__ 8:00. In class she listens __9__ the teachers carefully, and she works hard at __10__ lessons. She usually has bread and a glass of milk in __11__ middle of the day. Classes are __12__ at 4:30. After class she likes dancing and __13__. Sometimes she throws a frisbee (飞碟) __14__ her classmates. She gets home at 5:30. In the evening, her parents come __15__ from work. They have __16__ at 7:00. In the evening she does her __17__. Sometimes she __18__ TV or __19__ storybooks. She goes to bed at ten. Her school life __20__ interesting. 1. _____________ 2. _____________

3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________

8. _____________ 9. _____________ 10. _____________ 11. _____________ 12. _____________ 13. _____________ 14. _____________ 15. _____________ 16. _____________ 17. _____________ 18. _____________ 19. _____________ 20. _____________

( 3 ) My name is Chen Lan. My home is in Gulangyu. It is in Xiamen. It is near the sea. Culangyu is a small place, but it is very nice and clean. There are no cars, no buses or no bikes. People only walk. So it is very quiet. People go to visit Gulangyu by ship. Our house is in the middle of Gulangyu. Behind our house there is a big tree. My grandfather tells me that the tree is very, very old. There are many birds in the tree. We call it a “bird tree”. Our house is near the sea. The sea is big and blue. There are a lot of fish in the sea. After school, I go there and catch fish with my friends. It is very interesting. I like fish and I like catching fish. (

) 1. Gulangyu is an island. (

) 2. Chen Lan tells us a lot about her parents. (

) 3. There are no traffic in Gulangyu. (

) 4. Chen Lan always goes fishing alone. (

) 5. Chne Lan is from Xiamen. SBS阅读理解专项练习(一)

2007-5-6

( 4 ) “Joe, you are a very old dog,” said policeman Fred. “Today is your birthday again. I remember you were 14 years old last year. But you are still the best police dog in the world!”

“ARF! ARF!” barked Joe. “You are welcome,” said Fred. “ Now let’s get your birthday dinner. Show me where you want to eat. Joe led Fred down the street. good smells came from all the eating places. But Joe walded on. At last he stopped at a small place. He smelled around the door. Then he pushed the door open. “Is this where you want to eat?” asked Fred. But Joe did not bark an answer. He put his nose to the floor and ran across the room. Then he jumped on a man at a table! “Good boy, Joe!” said Fred. Joe and Fred have looked for the robber for ten years. “And now you have found him!”

Joe and Fred took the robber to the police station. Then Fred said, “All right, Joe, you have done your work. Well done! Congratulations. Now do you want that birthday dinner?” “ARF!” barked Joe, “ARF! ARF!” “Let’s go,” said Fred. “I’m hungry, too.”

(

) 1. How old is Joe? A Fifteen.

B Five.

C Thirteen.

D Fourteen. (

) 2. How many years have the police and Joe looked for the robber?

A 13.

B 10.

C 6.

D 7. (

) 3. In the story, Joe says “ARF! ARF!” twice. The first time he means “____”.

A Hello! How are you?

B Thank you.

C Oh. No. I’m not a good dog.

D I’m sorry to hear that. (

) 4 Fred wants to give Joe a dinner because ____.

A it’s Joe’s birthday B today is Fred’s birthday C Fred found an eating place D Joe caught the robber (

) 5 Joe is great, isn’t he?

A Yes, he is.

B No, he isn’t.

C Yes, he isn’t.

D No, he is.

( 5 ) Mary is an American schoolgirl. She is now in Beijing __1__ her parents. They are both teachers in Beijing colleges. Mary doesn’t know Chinese __2__, but she is __3__ to learn and speak it. She often tries to __4__Chinese to her Chinese friends. Sometimes they __5__ understand because she can’t speak Chinese well.

It’s Sunday morning. Mary goes out. She is __6__ in the street. she is going to the zoo to see the birds and monkeys, __7__ she doesn’t know how to get there. She __8__ a Chinese boy. The boy can’t understand her, then she takes out a __9__ and some paper. She draws a mondey on a piece of paper and __10__ it to the boy. The boy smiles and then she shows Mary the way to the zoo. (

) 1. A with

B and

C or

D but (

) 2. A poor

B bad

C good

D well (

) 3. A tries

B trying

C try

D to try (

) 4. A tell

B talk

C say

D speak (

) 5. A do

B can

C don’t

D mustn’t (

) 6. A walks

B walking

C a walk

D walk (

) 7. A so

B then

C but

D or (

) 8. A asks

B questions

C says

D hears (

) 9. A book

B ruler

C note

D pen (

) 10 A reads

B writes

C shows

D thinks 根据短文内容判断正误。(正确的写T，错误的写F) (

) 1. Mary is an American girl. (

) 2 Mary knows little Chinese. (

) 3 Mary is going to the zoo to see the birds and monkeys by bus. (

) 4 Mary draws a panda on the piece of paper. (

) 5 The boy tells Mary how to get to the park.

第三篇：英语专业---报刊阅读【经典文章】

Lesson 1The Wild West’s Legacy of Shame

By John Halford

1. THE LEGENDS of the Wild West still color many people’s impression of the United States of America. Unfortunately, the romanticized Hollywood cowboys and Indians have given a distorted picture of what really happened.

2. Certainly, America’s western expansion was in many ways an epic of courage and en-durance. Dogged pioneers opened up new territory and forged a nation from the wilderness. This is the stuff of legends. But there was a dark side to this story. For the Indians it was a sad, bitter tale of misunderstanding, greed and betrayal — and we should know that too.

3. Before 1990 fades from memory, let’s pause to remember December 29 as the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Wounded Knee. This “battle” (it was more of a massacre) marked the completion of the conquest of the North American Indians by the United States government.Not Enough Indians

4. In the early days of settlement along the Atlantic shore the colonists and the Indians got along together. Their ways of life were different, but there was room for both.

5. The Indians were not unorganized hostile savages. The various tribes were often confederations or nations, and at first, the new settlers treated them as independent powers. But as European settlement gathered momentum, mistrust began to build.

6. It was not long before the newcomers outnumbered the native peoples (It has been estimated there were only about a million Amerindians in the continent north of what is now Mexico).

7. In the struggle between the French and the British for control of North America (1689— 1763), and in the later Revolutionary War (1775—1783) between the British and the Colonists, the Europeans tried to win the support of the Indians.

8. They became pawns in the white man’s struggle to control North America. Those who found themselves on the losing side suffered reprisals by the victors.

9. By the end of the 18th century, the independence of the United States was established, and George Washington admonished Congress: We are more enlightened and more powerful than the Indian nations. It behooves our honor to treat them with kindness and even gen-erosity.

10.But that’s not what happened. Might became right①, and from the beginning of nationhood of the United States, the native people were exploited, forced from their homelands by the relentless European expansion — usually after signing agreements and treaties they did not really understand.

11. The white man’s concept of land ownership was alien to the Indians. They thought they had agreed to share, only to find that they had signed away the rights to live in their traditional territory.

12. Eventually, the government decided it would be in everyone’s best interest for the two peoples to live apart. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 gave the president power to relocate all the Eastern Indian tribes west of the Mississippi on land the new Americans thought they would not need.

13. None were to be exempted even those tribes who had made an effort to learn the white man’s ways were forced to move. The Cherokees, for example, were settled farmers, had developed an alphabet, and even published a newspaper in their own language.

14. But the Cherokees, along with the Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws and Seminoles②, were rounded up and herded off to “Indian Territory.” One in four Cherokees died during the forced winter migration along what became known as the “Trail of Tears.”

Broken Promises

15. Under the agreement, land to the west of the Mississippi was to be the Indians’ homeland for “as long as the grasses grow, and the waters flow.” Or rather, until the restless young nation wanted the land for itself.

16. Even before the treaties were ratified, the “permanent Indian frontier” was moved farther west. Over the course of decades, agreements were renegotiated, broken, amended, reratified and broken again.

17. The dispossessed eastern tribes, pushed farther and farther west into the Great Plains region, became refugees in the territory of the still free and culturally different Indian nations of the Plains.

18. The Plains tribes were the quintessential storybook Indians — proud, fierce, magnificent horsemen, skillful hunters and fearless warriors. For centuries they roamed the magnificent wilderness that was to become Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas.

19. Romanticized history has portrayed them as noble savages who blocked the path of the bold pioneers.

20. Not really. The Plains Indians also tried to accommodate the relentless encroachment on their hunting grounds. As the white man pushed ever westward, fencing the land and deci-mating the buffalo herds, the Indian nations struggled to hold on to their way of life.

21. They signed treaties; they tried to move out of the way. When cornered they fought back, bitterly and desperately, until, exhausted and discouraged, they would accept the terms of yet another fragile treaty, soon broken.

22. The Indian wars were an ugly episode in the history of the United States. Both sides fought grimly, usually mercilessly. They plundered, tortured and slaughtered; often the vic-tims were unarmed women and children.

23. The conquest of the West, usually portrayed as a valiant struggle, was in reality a cruel, particularly vicious war. Indian braves were not always the noble warriors of legend, and the U. S. cavalry often acted out of ruthlessness rather than courage and chivalry.

24. Unfortunately Hollywood Westerns have made heroes out of some rather bloodthirsty characters. The real heroes were those voices of reason on both sides who tried to stop the bloodshed.

25.The way of life of the two peoples, however, had become so different, and the feelings of mistrust and hatred too strong.

26. The struggle ended near Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota, where the last desperate remnant of Sitting Bull’s Sioux③ had been rounded up after leaving the Pine Ridge Reservation.

27. On the bitterly cold morning of December 29, 1890, as the Indians were being dis-armed, a young brave (who may have been deaf) refused to hand over his rifle. In the ensuing struggle, the weapon discharged.

28. The soldiers opened fire, and when it was over at least half the Indians lay dead or seriously wounded in the snow. Skirmishes continued even into the early years of this century, but Wounded Knee represented the end of Indian resistance.

The Trail of Tears

29.The once proud Indian nations became an embittered minority, confined to reservations, second-class citizens in their old homelands. Some, like the Navaho and the Sioux, endured to preserve a strong identity.

30. Other tribes withered and died, remembered only by a name on the map, or the faded artifacts in a dusty corner of a pioneer museum. The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 guaran-teed full citizenship to all Indians born within the territorial limits of the United States, and today, all American Indians have full civil rights.

31. Yet most still choose to live apart, preserving what they can of their way of life. Significant numbers have shared in the American dream. But for many others, reservation life has meant despair, frustration and alcohol abuse.

32. The bountiful and practically empty New World had ample room for both peoples to work out their differences peacefully. But history shows that native people are seldom treated fairly by a stronger civilization.

33. Arguably, the North American Indians may have fared better than some other indigenous peoples on other continents. They were never the victims of a deliberate policy of slavery, or genocide, as has happened elsewhere. But that is not the point.

34. The United States was founded on the lofty principles of freedom and justice for all. But lofty principles ought to be lived up to.

35. The Bible tells us that righteousness exalts a nation, not broken treaties, greed and exploitation. Might is not necessarily right for a God-fearing nation (as the United States of America claimed — and claims—to be).

36. The Bible teaches that a treaty is a treaty, not to be taken lightly, and certainly not to be unilaterally abandoned when its terms become inconvenient.

37. The story that ended at Wounded Knee 100 years ago is a stain on America’s record. We tell that story, not to open old wounds, not to fan new flames of resentment. But to remind us how easy it is for a people flushed with success to become desensitized to the disadvantaged.

38. It is unfortunate that the conquest of the Wild West is universally regarded as a glorious saga of courage and opportunity. It was rather, just another sad, violent chapter in the long history of man’s inability to share with, cooperate with and love his neighbor as himself.

From The Plain Truth,④

January 199

1① Might became right强权即为公理

② But the Cherokees, along with the Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws and Seminoles--- Cherokee：北美印第安彻罗基部落;Creek：以马斯科吉部落为主的美国印第安人一个大部落---克里克人;Choctaws： 印第安人的巧克陶族;Chickasaw：美国马斯科吉印第安人一个部落---契克索人;Seminole：印第安人塞米诺尔族。

③ Sitting Bull’s Sioux：坐牛(北美印第安人苏族首领)

④ The Plain Truth：《朴实真言》(美国加利福尼亚州帕萨迪拉市出版的一种教会性刊物。该刊是以六种语言出版、在全球发行的双月刊。)

Analysis of the Content

1. According to the article, the Wounded Knee Battle _________.

A. marked the beginning of the Indian WarsB. Marked the end of the Indian Wars

C. symbolized Indians’ braveryD. demonstrated the colonists’ power

2. The article was written to observe _______.

A. the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Wounded Knee

B. American’s conquest of the Wild West

C. America’s National DayD. the success of America’s western expansion

3. The author’s purpose in writing the article is to ______.

A. arouse Indians’ indignation against the American Government

B. demand compensation for Indian’s past sufferings

C. remind people how easy it is for a people flushed with success to become desensitized to the disadvantaged

D. expose the aggressive nature of the colonists

4. The overall tone of the article is ______.

A. critical of the IndiansB. sympathetic to the Indians

C. eulogistic of the Wild West’s conquestD. satirical of the US Government

5. To the mind of the author, the real heroes during the period of the Indian Wars were ______.

A. the Plains IndiansB. the Indian brave

C. the U.S. cavalryD. those who tried to stop the fighting

Questions on the Article

1. How do Hollywood westerns color American people’s impression about the western expansion?

2. What did the Western Movement mean to the Indians?

3. How did the Indians feel towards the colonists in the early days of their settlement?

4. How did the Indians suffer in white people’s internecine struggles to gain control of North America?

5. Were the Indians treated kindly as advised by George Washington?

6. What power did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 give the president?

7. Did the white colonists observe the act strictly?

8. What concessions did the Plains Indians make at first?

9. To the mind of the author, who were the real heroes in the struggle between Indian braves and white

colonists?

Topics for Discussion

1. Was the Westward March an epic of courage and endurance?

2. Did white colonists treat Indians in the same way as they treated blacks?

第四篇：2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

可锐教育官网http://

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

(九)

The view from the top, and bottom

老板与员工的意见分歧

Bosses think their firms are caring. Their minions disagree.

老板们认为公司对员工关怀备至，但其下属却不以为然。

AS WALMART grew into the world s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list ofdos and don ts covering every aspect of their work.

随着沃尔玛发展成为全球最大零售商，其员工在工作的各方各面都受到了一大堆规则的限制。

Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with thechallenges of globalisation and technological change,

如今，沃尔玛已经认识到其以规则为基础的公司文化过于死板，无法应对全球化和科技变革所带来的挑战。

and is trying to instil a values-based culture, in which employees can be trusted to do theright thing because they know what the firm stands for.

所以，沃尔玛正尝试逐渐培养一种以价值观为基础的公司文化，在这种文化中，员工了解公司的主张，所以能够得到公司的信任，去做他们认为正确的事情。

Values is the latest hot topic in management thinking.

价值观念 是管理学思维最新的热门话题。

PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of performance with purpose .

百事可乐公司已开始宣扬一个信条： 目的性绩效 。

Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of human energy , though presumably itdoes not really want you to travel by rickshaw.

石油公司雪佛龙在自己的商标上印上 ‘人类体能 的供应商 的字样，尽管它大概并非真的希望你用人力车代步。

Nearly every big firm claims to be building a more caring and ethical culture. 可锐教育官网http://

几乎每一家大型企业都宣称自身正在发展更为关怀体贴、合乎道德的企业文化。

A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the label.

一项新的研究显示，实际情况与商家们所标榜的有差距。

Commissioned by Dov Seidman, boss of LRN, a firm that advises on corporate culture, andauthor of How ,

LRN的老板、同时也是《怎么做到的?》

a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do, andconducted by the Boston Research Group, the National Governance, Culture and LeadershipAssessment is based on a survey of thousands of American employees, from every rung ofthe corporate ladder.

的作者多弗?塞德曼委托波士顿研究集团进行这项 国家治理、文化和领导能力评估 的研究，该研究是以对来自公司各个级别的数千位美国雇员的调查为基础的。

It found that 43% of those surveyed described their company s culture as based oncommand-and-control, top-down management or leadership by coercion—what MrSeidman calls blind obedience .

研究发现，有43%的调查对象对其公司的文化有以下描述：以命令和指挥为基础、自上而下的管理模式或强制式的领导——塞德曼先生称之为 盲目服从型 。

The largest category, 54%, saw their employer s culture as top-down, but with skilledleadership, lots of rules and a mix of carrots and sticks, which Mr Seidman calls informedacquiescence .

所占百分比最多的调查对象，即有54%的人认为其公司文化自上而下型的，但公司的领导也有技巧可言，只是规则繁多并存在软硬兼施的手段，塞德曼先生称这种为 知情服从型 。

Only 3% fell into the category of self-governance , in which everyone is guided by a set ofcore principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a company s mission .

只有3%的调查对象属于 自我管理型 ，即每个员工都被一套 核心原则和价值 所引导，这套原则和价值激励每个员工以公司的宗旨为中心进行工作。

The study found evidence that such differences matter.

研究也发现一些证据，证明这些公司文化之间的差异事关重大。

Nearly half of those in blind-obedience companies said they had observed 可锐教育官网http://

unethicalbehaviour in the previous year, compared with around a quarter in the other sorts of firm.

在盲目服从型企业中，几乎有过半数员工都称在前一年目睹过有违职业道德的行为，而在其他类型的企业中只有四分之一的员工有此经历。

Yet only a quarter of those in the blind-obedience firms said they were likely to blow thewhistle, compared with over 90% in self-governing firms.

但是，在盲目服从型企业中只有约四分之一的员工说他们可能会揭发这种行为，而在自我管理型企业中却有90%的员工会进行揭发。

Lack of trust may inhibit innovation, too.

同样，上下级之间缺乏信任会抑制员工创新。

More than 90% of employees in self-governing firms, and two-thirds in the informed-acquiescence category, agreed that good ideas are readily adopted by my company .

自我管理型公司中超过90%的员工承认 绝妙的想法很容易会被公司采纳 ，选择性顺从型公司中也有三分之二的员工这样认为。

At blind-obedience firms, fewer than one in five did.

而在盲目服从型公司中，持这种想法的人少于五分之一。

Tragicomically, the study found that bosses often believe their own guff, even if theirunderlings do not.

令人哭笑不得的是，研究还发现老板们时常对自己瞎掰的那一套信以为真，即便员工们不以为然。

Bosses are eight times more likely than the average to believe that their organisation is self-governing.

老板们相信其公司是自我管理型公司的程度比普通员工高八倍。

Some 27% of bosses believe their employees are inspired by their firm. 大约27%的老板认为自己公司的员工能够被公司所激励。

Alas, only 4% of employees agree. 奈何，只有4%的员工同意此说。 可锐教育官网http://

Likewise, 41% of bosses say their firm rewards performance based on values rather thanmerely on financial results.

同样，41%的老板称其公司对绩效的奖励是建基于价值观之上的，而不仅是业绩。

Only 14% of employees swallow this.

然而只有14%的员工接受此说。

二.

A big, bad business

点肥成金不现实

Medical firms struggle to profit from weight-loss treatments

制药公司试图从减肥治疗中获利

OBESITY is an epidemic to some and an opportunity to others.

肥胖症对某些人来说是传染病，对别的一些人来说则是机遇。

More than two-thirds of Americans are overweight.

超过三分之二的美国人已经超重。

Find a way to battle the bulge and a huge profit might be made. 找个办法和肥胖对抗，说必定就此大赚一笔。

On February 22nd one pharmaceutical firm, Vivus, took a small step towards this goal.

找个办法和肥胖对抗，说必定就此大赚一笔。

A committee advising America s Food and Drug Administration recommended that itapprove Vivus s diet drug, Qnexa.

2月22日，Vivus制药公司朝着这个目标前进了一步。给美国食品药物管理局做咨询的一家委员会推荐，Vivus公司的减肥药Qnexa。

However, the pill s long-awaited final approval may not come until April, if at all. 可锐教育官网http://

但是，如果获得批准，该药品的漫长的最终肯定直到四月份才会到来。

The announcement mostly served as a reminder of what a struggle it is to turn fat intogold.

公告主要是提醒人们，这是一场点肥成金的抗争。

Pharmaceutical and medical-device companies are quite good at treating the conditions thatcome with obesity.

制药和医疗器械公司非常善于解决肥胖带来的问题。

However, they are dismal at helping consumers lose weight.

但是他们无法帮助消费者战胜肥胖本身，减少体重。

This is not for lack of trying. 这不是因为缺乏尝试。

Take the curious case of the gastric band.

以古怪的胃部束带为例。

Bariatric surgery can lead to weight loss in the long term. Hospitals can make money fromall bariatric procedures, including gastric bypasses , but the gastric band is a rareexample of an opportunity for device-makers to profit from weight loss.

肥胖治疗手术可以帮助患者在较长的时间内减少体重。医院就是从这些减肥疗程中赚钱，包括胃绕道手术，但是胃部束带却是一个罕见的例子，被当成一个器械制造商用来从减肥中赚钱的法子。

Allergan, best known for selling Botox, has tried to use its Lap-Band to tap the obesitymarket.

Allergan公司以销售肉毒杆菌而出名，尝试用产品Lap-Band打入减肥市场。

It is an inflatable loop which the surgeon fits near the top of the stomach, which helps thepatient feel sated earlier.

Lap-Band是一圈松紧带，外科医生可以用它绕住患者胃的上部，这样患者会提前有腹饱感。

Allergan has captured about 70% of the worldwide market for gastric bands and balloons, 可锐教育官网http://

butsales are now shrinking.

Allergan公司在全球胃部束带和充气袋市场占有率达70%，但是如今销量却有所下降。

The recession has sapped consumers desire for expensive surgery.

经济不景气让消费者忍住做昂贵的手术的欲望。

Some patients have had bands removed because they slipped or proved ineffective.

有些病人甚至连束带也不用了，因为束带打滑或者没有效果。

Last year the FDA approved the Lap-Band s use in patients who are only slightly overweight,but insurers have refused to pay.

去年，美国食品药物管理局同意，微超重病人使用 Lap-Band，但是保险公司却拒绝付款。

In January David Pyott, Allergan s chief executive, said he would scrap an effort to marketthe band for teenagers.

一月份，Allergan公司首席执行官David Pyott说，他将放弃在年轻人束带市场的努力。

He is now trying to convince insurers of Lap-Band s merits, arguing that the $20,000surgery is recouped in saved medical costs within four years.

他目前试图让保险公司也看到Lap-Band的优点，他认为两万美元手术费可以在四年之内通过减少医疗支出收回。

There is some scepticism about his chances of success: The fact that banding is not as goodas bypass has been known by everybody except the PR firms for the band, says LeeKaplan, director of the Weight Centre at Massachusetts General Hospital.

至今仍有人怀疑他是否能成功：“事实上使用束带不必胃绕道手术好，所有人都知道，除了束带的公关公司，”马萨诸塞州中心医院体重中心主任Lee Kaplan如是说。

Drug companies have had even more trouble than device-makers.

制药公司的麻烦甚至比医疗器械公司的还要多。

It has been 13 years since the FDA approved a prescription diet pill.

从美国食品药物管理局批准减肥药为处方药到如今已经过了十三年。 可锐教育官网http://

That drug, Roche s Xenical, has notorious gastrointestinal side-effects.

瑞士罗氏制药公司的Xenical臭名昭著，该药会引发胃肠功能的副作用。

The FDA rejected Vivus s Qnexa in 2010 over concerns for the safety of pregnant women andthe quickening of patients heart rates.

美国食品药物管理局于2010年拒绝批准Vivus公司的Qnexa，因为担心该药对孕妇的安全造成伤害，担心该药会加快患者的心率。

Vivus s new data apparently satisfied the FDA s advisory committee.

Vivus公司新的数据显然让管理局的咨询委员会满意。

However, the agency may yet reject the drug.

但是该局还是可能拒绝批准该药。

Even if Qnexa is approved, it is unclear that patients will buy it.

就算Qnexa获得批准，患者会不会买账仍不明了。

Qnexa combines two treatments that are already on the market.

Qnexa结合了两种市面上上有的疗效。

Both medicines are generic, which means that doctors may prescribe the existing drugsrather than Qnexa s more expensive version.

这两种药物都是非专利药，这说明医生可能会给患者开已有的药而不选择Qnexa，后者更贵。

For now, it is more profitable to treat fat patients than to try to make them slim.

到目前为止，治疗肥胖患者还是要比让他们减肥更有利可图。

第五篇：2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读文章推荐

可锐教育官网http://

2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读文章推荐

(七)

Premarital sex

婚前性行为

The waiting game

等待的游戏

Chastity before marriage may have its uses afterall

婚前守贞可能的确有作用

WHEN is it the right time to do the deed?

什么时候做爱做的事情合适呢?

If priests had their way, it would be shortly after the wedding ceremony—but recent studiesshow such advice is rarely heeded.

如果让神父们来说，这档事应当发生在在结婚典礼的不久之后—但是最近的研究显示，这样的建议很少得到人们的重视。

Roughly 85% of the American population, for example, approves of premarital sex.

比如说，大约85%的美国人赞同婚前性行为。

Faced with numbers like that, what hope do the Vatican and its ilk really have?

面对这样子的数据，梵蒂冈和它的同仁们又到底是做何想法呢?

More than they did a week ago.

相对于已在一周前

Until now, the argument that couplesshould wait until they are married before they have sex has rested on mere assertion andanecdote.

亲热过的情侣来说，现今依旧认为夫妇应将童贞留于婚后的论调，已仅仅成了一种口头宣言或是奇闻轶事。

Dean Busby and his colleagues at Brigham Young University, in Utah, however, havegathered some data which support delay. 可锐教育官网http://

然而，犹他州杨百翰大学的院长Busby和他的同事却收集了一些数据来支持延迟性行为的做法。

Little is known about the influence of sexual timing on how relationships develop.

目前，还不清楚性交往的时间节奏安排对两性关系发展会产生怎样的影响。

Even so, opinions abound.

但即便如此，各种意见观点仍然比比皆是。

Some argue that the sexual organs, both physical and mental need a test drive to make surethe chemistry between a couple means they will stay together both in sickness and in health.

有人认为，性器官包括生理和心理两部分，它们需要一种驱动性的考验以确保情侣两人身上的化学吸引能够维持长久，让两人能够同甘共苦。

Others suggest that couples who delay or abstain from sexual intimacy early on allowcommunication to become the foundation of their attraction,

还有人认为，推迟过早的亲密性行为或者禁欲的情侣，他们之间的沟通理解成为了相互间吸引力的基础，

and that this helps to ensure that companionship and partnership keep them together whenthe initial flames of lust die down.

这样以来，即使他们最初燃烧着的爱之欲火慢慢熄灭，他们也可以保持长久的友谊和伙伴关系。

To examine these suggestions more closely, Dr Busby and his colleagues recruited 2,035married people ranging in age from 19 to 71, and in length of marriage from less than sixmonths to more than 20 years.

为了更进一步的去检验这些意见观点，Busby博士和他的同事征集到了2,035对已婚夫妇的数据，他们的年龄从19岁到70岁不等，婚龄从不满六个月到超过20年不等，

Their religious affiliations varied widely; many had none.

而且他们的宗教信仰差异也非常之大，很多人没有宗教信仰。

All were asked to complete an online questionnaire normally used to help couplesunderstand their strengths and weaknesses. 可锐教育官网http://

所有的夫妇都被要求填写一份网上问卷调查，以帮助夫妇了解自己的长处和弱点。

Among the nearly 300 questions, participants were asked when they first had sex with theirpartners, whether their sex lives were currently good,

在将近300个问题中，参与者被问及到他们第一次与自己伴侣发生性行为的时间，他们的性生活目前是否良好，

how they resolved conflicts, and how often they thought of ending their relationship.

和他们如何处理矛盾冲突以及他们考虑终结伴侣关系这种想法的频繁程度。

In addition, the questionnaire had 14 items that evaluated how good participants were atexpressing empathy and understanding to their partners and how prone they were to becritical or defensive.

此外，这项问卷调查还有14个项目，评估参与者能够多好的向他们的伴侣表达自己的同情和理解，以及他们在面临批评或自我防御辩护时将倾向于做什么。

All questions, apart from those about frequency of sex, were answered on a five-pointscale, with one indicating strong disagreement and five indicating strong agreement.

所有的问题，除了性爱频度以外，选择的回答都是五分制计量的，由初始的1分表达强烈的反对到5分表达强烈的赞同。

Because religiosity delays sexual activity, Dr Busby and his colleagues also asked participantshow often they attended church, how often they prayed and whether they felt spirituality wasan important part of their lives.

由于笃信宗教可以延缓性活动，Busby博士和他的同事同样也询问调查参与者他们出入教堂参与教会活动的频率，他们多久祷告一次以及他们是否认为精神生活是他们生活中重要的一部分。

They used the answers to control for religiosity. They also controlled for income, education,race and length of relationship.

他们采用的答案限定了信仰虔诚度，同样他们的答案也划分限制了不同的收入、受教育程度、种族以及两性关系维系长度。

Their report, just published in the Journal of Family Psychology, suggests that people whodelay having sex do indeed have better relationships, on four different measures.

他们刚刚在《家庭心理学杂志》发表的的报告认为，那些延缓推迟性行为的伴侣在四种不同的测量比较上的确拥有一份更良好的两性关系。 可锐教育官网http://

That result applies to both men and women.

并且这个结果同时适用于男性和女性。

Unfortunately, Dr Busby s method cannot distinguish the cause of this.

但不幸的是，Busby的方法不能区分到底是什么原因导致的这个结果。

It could be, as many moralists preach, that the delay itself is improving.

正如很多道德说教所言，这结果很有可能是因为延缓推迟本身就正在经历改变。

It could, though, be that the sort of people who are happy to delay having sex are alsobetter at relationships.

然而，这也有可能是因为乐于推迟性生活的人更善于经营两性关系。

Correlation, in other words, rather than causation.

换言之，这是一种相互左右的关系，而不是因果关系。

That is material for another study.

谈到婚姻则是另一份研究学问了。

If the result persists, though, even when personality is taken into account, it will provideuseful ammunition for priests and marriage-guidance counsellors.

如果这个结论还是坚持其所持观点，那么即使考虑到人不同的性格问题，它也不免成为神父和婚姻指导顾问的强力攻击火药。

词语解释

1.marriage n.结婚;婚姻

The news of their marriage knocked me for a loop. 他们结婚的消息使我大吃一惊。

2.ceremony n.仪式;礼节

The marriage ceremony took place in the church. 可锐教育官网http://

婚礼在教堂举行。

3.population n.人口

What is the population of this country? 这个国家的人口是多少?

4.approve v.批准;赞成

The city council approved the building plan.

市议会批准了这项建筑计划。

5.anecdote n.轶事;奇闻

He departs from the text to tell an anecdote.

他没讲课文而讲了一段轶事。